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8/20/2019 The Mining Metallurgical Industry of Greece. Commodity Review for Years 2013 2014
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-mining-metallurgical-industry-of-greece-commodity-review-for-years-2013 1/12
\`b coioia/cbtghhuraojgh oilustry en Arbbjb. Jecceloty rbvobw ner ybgrs 647:-647<. Coibrgh Vbseurjbs
Lovosoei en t`b Coiostry en Vbjeistrujtoei en Trelujtoei, Bivoreicbit gil Bibray (_TGTBI) 7
JERI\V_ TVENOHB ‚ AVBBJB
«\@B COIOIA/CB\GHHRVAOJGH OILRZ\V_ OI AVBBJB.
JECCELO\_ VB^OBQ NEV _BGVZ 647:-647<»
Coibrgh Vbseurjbs LorbjtergtbAbibrgh Zbjrbtgrogt ner Bibray gil Coibrgh Vbseurjbs
Arbbk Coiostry en Vbjeistrujtoei en Trelujtoei,
Bivoreicbit gil Bibray (_TGTBI, bx _TBKG)
MRH_ 6472
@BHHBIOJ VBTRFHOJ
COIOZ\V_
EN VBJEIZ\VRJ\OEI EN TVELRJ\OEI
BI^OVEICBI\ GIL BIBVA_
8/20/2019 The Mining Metallurgical Industry of Greece. Commodity Review for Years 2013 2014
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\`b coioia/cbtghhuraojgh oilustry en Arbbjb. Jecceloty rbvobw ner ybgrs 647:-647<. Coibrgh Vbseurjbs
Lovosoei en t`b Coiostry en Vbjeistrujtoei en Trelujtoei, Bivoreicbit gil Bibray (_TGTBI) 6
\`b coioia/cbtghhuraojgh oilustry en Arbbjb.
Jecceloty rbvobw ner ybgrs 647:-647<
[\`b rbpert wgs wrottbi fy=
Tbtbr A. \zbnbros, Coioia gil Cbtghhuraojgh Biaoibbr, T`.L, Coibrgh
Vbseurjbs Tehojy Lorbjtergtb, Arbbk Coiostry en Vbjeistrujtoei en Trelujtoei,
Bivoreicbit gil Bibray (_TGTBI, bx _TBKG)S
Zuccgry. Arbbjb os g BR jeuitry wot` g soaionojgit coibrgh rbseurjbs fgjkareuil oi
tbrcs en qughoty, qugitoty gil vgrobty en erbs, coibrghs gil gaarbagtbs. \`b Arbbk
Coioia/Cbtghhuraojgh Oilustry (ACCO) jeistotutbs gi ocpertgit sbjter en t`b bjeiecoj gjtovoty
en t`b jeuitry gs ot supphobs bssbitogh rgw cgtbroghs ner procgry oilustrobs gil vgroeus
lewistrbgc usbrs.
Ght`eua` t`b sbjter‟s soaionojgijb te Arbbk bjeiecy `gs fbbi lbjhoibl luroia t`b pgst 64
ybgrs, ACCO stohh jeitrofutbs 6% en t`b Aress Lecbstoj Trelujt (ALT), wot` t`b oijhusoei en
oitbrrbhgtbl bitbrprosbs suj` gs qugrryoia, jeijrbtb, prejbssoia gil prelujtoei en
oitbrcblogtb gil noigh prelujts. \`brb os `oa` petbitogh ner nurt`br lbvbhepcbit gil
nheuros`cbit, on jurrbit efstgjhbs en rbjbit s`grp bjeiecoj jrosos grb evbrjecb gil ibw
oivbstcbits grb gttrgjtbl.
\`b coioia/cbtghhuraojgh sbjter oi Arbbjb jevbrs g wolb rgiab en coibrgh jeccelotobs giljecprosbs neur cgmer suf-sbjters, igcbhy= o) Cbtghhoj Coibrghs (Fguxotb-Ghucoig-Ghucoiouc,
Iojkbh, Hbgl-]oij, Aehl, Jeppbr, `uitotb/`ylrecgaibsotb btj.), oo) Oilustrogh Coibrghs
(Fbiteiotb, Tbrhotb, Cgaibsotb gil cgaibsouc jecpeuils, Tucojb, Tezzehgi, Aypsuc,
gttgpuhaotb, gcp`ofehotbs, ehovbiotb, jghjouc jgrfeigtbs, oilustrogh jhgys btj.) ooo) Cgrfhbs gil
erigcbit steibs ov) Bibray Coibrghs (hoaiotb) Abet`brcy gil @ylrejgrfeis (upstrbgc
prejbss).
Trelujtoei lgtg ner vgroeus coibrgh jeccelotobs prelujbl oi Arbbjb oi t`b ybgrs 647:-647<
grb hostbl oi \gfhb 7. Vbpertbl noaurbs grb jecfoibl lgtg nrec (g) stgtostojs prevolbl fy t`b
Coibrgh Vbseurjbs Lovosoei en t`b Coiostry en Vbjeistrujtoei en Trelujtoei, Bivoreicbit gil
Bibray _TGTBI (bx. Coiostry en Bivoreicbit, Bibray gil Jhocgtb J`giab (_TBKG)) fgsbl eigiiughhy gjtovoty stgtbcbits gil (f) t`b ennojogh bjeiecoj lgtg s`bbts pufhos`bl giiughhy fy
coioia jecpgiobs. Giiugh stgtostojs prevolbl fy Arbbk Coioia Bitbrprosbs Gssejogtoei
(ACBG) grb jeisolbrbl gs wbhh. Bspbjoghhy ner t`b cgrfhb oilustry, ocpert-bxpert lgtg grb
prevolbl fy Arbbk Ztgtostojgh Gut`eroty (BH.Z\G\), areupbl gil gighyzbl fy _TGTBI/Coibrgh
Vbseurjbs Lovosoei.
\`b eutput en t`b Arbbk coibrgh oilustry lbjhoibl oi fet` vghub gil teiigab ewoia te t`b
ahefgh bjeiecoj lewituri t`gt stgrtbl oi 644? gil wgs jeitoiuoia oi 647:-647<. \`os wgs
cgoihy lub te t`b soaionojgit lbjhoib oi lbcgil gil projbs en rgw cgtbroghs oi t`b stbbh,
jeistrujtoei, jbcbit, gil jeijrbtb oilustrobs. \`b oistgfohoty gil rbjbssoei feestbl fy rosoia
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\`b coioia/cbtghhuraojgh oilustry en Arbbjb. Jecceloty rbvobw ner ybgrs 647:-647<. Coibrgh Vbseurjbs
Lovosoei en t`b Coiostry en Vbjeistrujtoei en Trelujtoei, Bivoreicbit gil Bibray (_TGTBI) :
bibray projbs t`reua`eut t`b BR, rblujtoei oi oitbrigtoeigh cbtgh projbs gil oilovolugh ossubs
phgauoia t`b Arbbk bjeiecy.
Tesotovb lbvbhepcbits rbjerlbl oi 647< wbrb= t`b nghh oi bure-lehhgr bxj`giab rgtbs gt g
j`bgpbr bure, t`b soaionojgit lrep oi eoh projbs gil t`b rbsuhtoia lrep oi nrboa`t rgtbs t`gt
pesotovbhy gnnbjt t`b bxpert coioia sbjter. Ghse, strbiat`bioia t`b bxtrevbrt erobitgtoei en
cest coioia jecpgiobs (t`b sbjter os ghrbgly `oa`hy bxtrevbrtbl soijb ots bxperts gjjeuit ner
>2-14% en ots tetgh sghbs) w`ohb cgoitgoioia bxtbisovb sghbs ibtwerks gfregl gil tocbhy
rbstrujturoia en t`b epbrgtoia strujturbs `bhpbl sbjter te cgoitgoi jerpergtb
jecpbtotovbibss, rbtbitoei en stgnn gil ocphbcbitgtoei en t`b rbquorbl prelujtovb
oivbstcbits.
\`b lecbstoj cgrkbt cgoihy oi t`b nobhl en jeistrujtoei prelujts (gaarbagtbs, jbcbit,
jbrgcojs, btj.) gil jecpgiobs rbhgtbl te gaarbagtb qugrrobs gil abibrghhy jeistrujtoei
prelujts gs wbhh gs jbcbit, sunnbrbl foa lrep t`b prbvoeus novb ybgrs lub te t`b s`roikgab en
lecbstoj fuohloia gil jeistrujtoei gjtovoty, s`ewbl oi 647: gi oijrbgsb oi turievbr fy 0%,
gil ner 647< gi oijrbgsb en 64 te 62%, cgoihy t`giks te rbstgrt en secb pufhoj prembjts. \`b
jbcbit sbjter ghse rbagoibl pgrt en t`b hessbs fet` lecbstojghhy gil oi t`b oitbrigtoeigh
jecpbtotoei.
@ewbvbr, oi jeitrgst te t`b s`roikoia lecbstoj cgrkbt, t`b tbilbijy wgs te strbiat`bi t`b
bxpert sbjter wot` rbagrls te prelujts phgjbl ei t`b oitbrigtoeigh cgrkbt (oilustrogh
coibrghs, ghucoiuc, iojkbh, coxbl suhp`olb Tf-]i erbs, cgaibsouc jecpeuils, cgrfhb
prelujts btj.), w`brb t`b lbcgil gil projbs seei rghhobl hgrabhy te prb-jrosos hbvbhs.
\`b trglotoeigh cgrfhb nobhl os prevoloia g aeel bxgcphb en g sustgoigfhb reglcgp luroia t`b
jrosos ybgrs. Lbspotb t`b rbjbit glvbrsb jeilotoeis, t`b sbjter en cgrfhb prelujts gj`obvbl g
soaionojgit oijrbgsb oi bxperts (cgoihy te t`b J`oibsb cgrkbt) luroia ghh prbvoeus 2-> ybgrs,
cgoitgoioia ots hbgloia pesotoei oi t`b oitbrigtoeigh cgrkbts gil jeitrofutoia soaionojgithy te
t`b ALT. Oi 647:-7< t`b bxperts oi t`b cgrfhbs sbjter wbrb evbr 024.444 teis gil evbr 624
cohhoei ₨ oi vghub, sbb Noa.7.
Oi t`b gfevb jeitbxt, t`b hgst sox ybgrs en jrosos (644?-647<), t`b coioia oilustry lbspotb t`b
sbvbrb jrosos, wgs pbr`gps t`b eihy sbjter oi Arbbjb t`gt cgoitgoibl mefs gil prelujtovb
strujturbs oi g stgfhb jeilotoei, gj`obvoia g tetgh (sox ybgr) turievbr en gpprexocgtbhy 70 te
64 fohhoei ₨ gil g tetgh bxpert vghub bxjbbloia 74 fohhoei ₨. Gt t`b sgcb tocb rbjerlbl
oivbstcbits oi rbsbgrj` gil lbvbhepcbit en prelujts surpgssbl 6 fohhoei ₨ w`ohb oivbstcbits
ner bivoreicbitgh rb`gfohotgtoei prembjts gceuitbl 744 cohhoei ₨.
Jecceloty Vbvobw
Iojkbh. Iojkbhonbreus hgtbrotbs. Arbbjb os t`b eihy BR jeuitry wot` bxtbisovb fut hew-
arglb iojkbh hgtbrotbs. \`by cgoihy ejjur gs hoceiotoj hgtbrotbs gil, te g hbssbr bxtbit, gs
sbrpbitoioj hgtbrotbs. \`b Arbbk hgtbrotbs grb bxpheotbl fy t`b iojkbh prelujoia jecpgiy
HGVJE ACCGB, w`oj` os t`b cest ocpertgit cbtghhuraojgh jecpgiy oi prelujoia Nb-Io ghhey
oi Arbbjb.
Oi 647: t`brb wgs g lrep oi iojkbh (Io) prelujtoei en 74% gntbr gi bxjbhhbit pbrnercgijb ner
HGVKE ACC ZG oi 6476, t`b ybgr oi w`oj` prelujtoei rbgj`bl gt hbvbh en 70,>44 tei Io gil
sghbs en 7?,417 tei Io jrbgtoia g ibw `ostery rbjerl. Bxperts oi 647: tetghbl 71,42< tei Io.
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\`b coioia/cbtghhuraojgh oilustry en Arbbjb. Jecceloty rbvobw ner ybgrs 647:-647<. Coibrgh Vbseurjbs
Lovosoei en t`b Coiostry en Vbjeistrujtoei en Trelujtoei, Bivoreicbit gil Bibray (_TGTBI) <
Oi 647< iojkbh prelujtoei tetghbl 70,<07 tei oijrbgsbl fy ?.0% w`ohb sghbs gceuitbl te
71,006 tei wot` gi oijrbgsb en <.0%. \`b vghub en iojkbh sghbs ner 647< wgs 66:.0 cohhoei ₨,
wot` gi gvbrgab iojkbh projb en 76,27> ₨ /tεi.
Trelujtoei en iojkbhonbreus hgtbrotb erb nrec t`b coibs en Bvog, Gaoes Oegiios gil Kgsterog
(t`b tetgh hgtbrotb erb prelujtoei usbl te nbbl t`b Hgrycig cbtghhuraojgh nbrreiojkbh phgit)gceuitbl te 6.:0 cohhoei tei (ner 647<), 6.66 cohhoei tei (ner 647:) gil 6.62 cohhoei tei (ner
6476).
@ewbvbr, Hgrje A.C.C. Z.G., w`oj` os g hbgloia prelujbr en iojkbh oi Burepb nrec lecbstoj
iojkbh erbs, `gl g prb-tgx hess en 60.> cohhoei ₨ oi 647< jecpgrbl te hessbs en 1>.:0 cohhoei ₨
oi 647: gil :<.:6 cohhoei oi 6476 (prenot en >.:1 cohhoei ₨ oi 6477). Ze, hessbs oi 647<
lbjrbgsbl fy >7% oi pbrjbitgab gil <>.?2 cohhoei ₨ oi vghub. Oi t`b ybgrs 647:-647<, t`b
Aevbricbit wgs rbpertbl te fb heekoia ner g strgtbaoj oivbster oi Hgrje gil giieuijbl phgis
te rbstrujturb g`bgl en ots provgtozgtoei.
Fguxotb, Ghucoig gil Ghucoiuc. Ner ghucoiuc (Gh), t`b prelujtoei fy Ghucoiuc ZG -t`b hgrabst oitbargtbl prelujbr en ghucoiuc gil ghucoig oi t`b Burepbgi Rioei- rbcgoibl gt
t`b sgcb hbvbh gs oi 647: (gfeut 714 t`eusgil tei) gfserfoia cerb t`gi 12% en Arbbk
prelujtoei en fguxotb erb.
Oitrg-BR bxperts oijrbgsbl te 74>.0 t`eusgil tei Gh (nrec 744.? t`eusgil ner 647:) wot` g
sghbs vghub en 7?0.: cohhoei ₨ (vbrsus 71?.> cohhoei. ₨ ner 647:) w`ohb bxperts te t`orl
jeuitrobs oijrbgsbl soaionojgithy te 2.2 t`eusgil tei Gh (jecpgrbl te 6.< t`eusgil tei ner
647:) vghub en 74 cohhoei ₨. Ietb t`gt t`b jecpgiy's bxpert, w`oj` os t`b eihy eib oi Arbbjb
t`gt prelujbs procgry ghucoiuc, jevbr 04-?4% en tetgh areup ("Cytohoibes") sghbs.
\`b prelujtoei en ghucoig `ylrgtb rbturibl te t`b `oa` hbvbhs en 6477 w`oj` wgsoistrucbitgh oi t`b lovbrsoei en iei-cbtghhuraojgh usbs. Ner 647<, sghbs gceuitbl 7:7
t`eusgil tei wot` g jerrbspeiloia vghub en :6.6 cohhoei. ₨.
Fguxotb. Arbbjb os g hbgloia fguxotb prelujbr oi t`b BR, wot` t`b cgmer fguxotb lbpesots
hejgtbl oi jbitrgh Arbbjb wot`oi t`b Tgrigsses-A`oeig abetbjteioj zeib gil ei Bvog Oshgil.
\`b tetgh lecbstoj prelujtoei en fguxotb ner 647< (7.0 cohhoei tei) rbcgoibl gt t`b sgcb
`oa` hbvbh gs oi 647: (7.02 cohhoei tei) jevbroia t`b lbcgil ner fet` cbtghhuraojgh usb
(lecbstoj ghucoiuc prelujtoei) gil et`br usbs en Gh oi t`b stbbh oilustry, jbcbit oilustry,
btj. G soaionojgit prepertoei en <66 t`eusgil tei (gfeut 66%) wgs bxpertbl te t`b
oitbrigtoeigh cgrkbt ner et`br ‚iei cbtghhuraojgh ‚usbs.
Zpbjonojghhy, t`b hbgloia fguxotb prelujbr gil trgloia jecpgiy Burepbgi Fguxotb ZG (g
sufsologry en Z & F Oilustrogh Coibrghs ZG), prelujbl ?14 t`eusgil tei en fguxotb, t`b Lbhp`o
Lostecei ZG prelujbl >:: t`eusgil tei gil t`b Bhcoi ZG 6>? t`eusgil tei en fguxotb. Ot os
ietbwert`y t`gt bgrhy oi 6472 gil gntbr gfserptoei en Z&F Oilustrogh Coibrghs fy OCBV_Z, t`b
Burepbgi Fguxotb ZG (fguxotb «sbjter» en Z&F) wgs gfserfbl fy t`b Nrbij` areup KBVIBEZ
ZG, w`oj` gt prbsbit tocb jeitrehs t`b Arbbk fguxotb sbjter.
Coxbl suhp`olb Tf-]i erbs. Aehl prembjts. \`b prelujtoei en coxbl suhp`olb Tf-]i erbs
(hbgl, zoij gil orei jeijbitrgtbs) nrec @bhhgs Aehl ZG (ewibl fy Bhlergle Aehl Jerp.
Jgiglg) oi 647< rbcgoibl gt prbvoeus hbvbhs (gfeut 664 t`eusgil lry tei) gil prelujts en
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\`b coioia/cbtghhuraojgh oilustry en Arbbjb. Jecceloty rbvobw ner ybgrs 647:-647<. Coibrgh Vbseurjbs
Lovosoei en t`b Coiostry en Vbjeistrujtoei en Trelujtoei, Bivoreicbit gil Bibray (_TGTBI) 2
biroj`cbit (jeijbitrgtbs en hbgl suhp`olb gil zoij suhp`olb gntbr lonnbrbitogh nhetgtoei)
bxpertbl gs g w`ehb bxjbblbl g vghub en <4 cohhoei ₨ (70 cohhoei ₨ ner Tf gil 66 cohhoei ₨ ner
]i). \`b jeijbitrgtbs wbrb s`oppbl fy sbg te Burepbgi ngjohotobs usoia bot`br t`b Ztrgteio er
t`b \`bssgheioko pert ngjohotobs.
Ghse oi 647<, @bhhgs Aehl ZG trbgtbl t`b ehl coibrgh tgohoias oi Ehycpogs @ghkoloko w`oj`
abibrgtbl gpprexocgtbhy 20.: t`eusgil tei aehl-fbgroia grsbiepyrotb wot` gi gvbrgab
jeitbit Ga36,67>.1: ka gil Gu37,:70.? Ka. ά`os grsbiepyrotb jeijbitrgtb wgs bxpertbl
oi J`oig wot` gi bxpert vghub en 67.1 cohhoei ₨. \`os jeuhl prelujb evbr 6? t`eusgil euijbs
en aehl on t`brb wgs cbtghhuraojgh aehl phgit oi Arbbjb. \`b pgrtojuhgr ietgtoei os t`gt Arbbjb
jeuhl-ner t`b norst tocb oi celbri tocb-fbjecb g aehl prelujbr jeuitry nrec gi
bivoreicbitgh rbstergtoei werk tgkoia phgjb oi t`b ehl tgohoias en Ehycpogs @ghkoloko.
Vbagrloia t`b ibw aehl-coib prembjts oi @ghkoloko pbioisuhg gil oi t`b \`rgjb rbaoei,
Arbbjb `gs t`b petbitogh te fbjecb g ibgr-tbrc aehl prelujbr wot` g iucfbr en bxphergtoei
prembjts gjtovb oi t`b jeuitry. @bhhgs Aehl ZG os lbvbhepoia g prembjt oijhuloia coioia gil
prejbssoia gt t`b Zkeurobs aehl-jeppbr lbpesot gil `gs oiotogtbl coioia gjtovotobs gt t`b
Ehycpogs sotb.
Bhlergle Aehl Jerp. os ghse lbvbhepoia t`b Tbrgcg @ohh aehl prembjt t`reua` ots sufsologry
\`rgjogi Aehl Coioia ZG, w`ohb g t`orl prembjt oi Zgppbs, \`rgjb, os jurrbithy fboia bvghugtbl
fy _TGTBI. Gjjerloia te t`b tbj`iojgh gil bjeiecoj nbgsofohoty stulobs jgrrobl eut fy
oivbsters w`bi ghh gfevb coibs grb oi nuhh epbrgtoei, t`by wohh feest jeuitry's bxperts fy ₨7
fohhoei g ybgr, turioia Arbbjb oite t`b hgrabst aehl prelujbr oi Burepb. Cerbevbr, Bhlergle's
prembjts wohh prevolb secb 6,444 mefs.
Cgaibsotb gil Cgaibsouc Jecpeuils. Cgaibsotb erb os lub te j`bcojgh wbgt`broia en
sbrpbitoib rejks. Ot os usbl ner prelujoia rbnrgjtery cgtbroghs gs g hoioia oi fhgstnurigjbs, kohis gil oijoibrgters gil ner et`br usbs. Nurt`brcerb ot os fboia usbl gs g foilbr
oi nheeroia cgtbrogh, gs jgtghyst gil nohhbr oi t`b prelujtoei en syit`btoj ruffbr gil oi t`b
prbpgrgtoei en cgaibsouc j`bcojghs gil nbrtohozbrs.
Arbjogi Cgaibsotb ZG os g hbgloia cgaibsotb prelujbr gil bxpertbr oi t`b BR gil werhlwolb
wot` coibs gil prelujtoei ngjohotobs oi _brgkoio, @ghkoloko, Iert`bri Arbbjb. Oi 647< t`b
jecpgiy `gl g shoa`t lrep nrec prbvoeus hbvbhs en cgaibsouc erb bxpheotgtoei prelujoia
evbr 614 t`eusgil tei en rgw cgaibsotb cgtbrogh nrec jeijbssoeis 64 & 66 gil 67 oi
@ghkoloko, sbb noaurb. Trelujtoei en cgaibsouc jecpeuils oi 647< gceuitbl ner lbgl-
furibl cgaibsog (LFC) 6> t`eusgil tei, ner jgustoj-jghjoibl cgaibsog (JJC) >7 t`eusgil
tei gil <7 t`eusgil tei ner rbnrgjtery cgssbs, wot` g tetgh sghbs vghub en gpprexocgtbhy 62cohhoei ₨.
\brig Cgaibsotb ZG (\BVIG CGA, t`b ABK \brig) os g rbjbithy bstgfhos`bl coioia jecpgiy
w`oj` teek evbr t`b ehl ‘Foecgai– oi Iert` Bvog gil gocs gt bxpheotoia t`b ehl cgaibsotb
lbpesots en Abrerbcg gil Kgkkgves gil t`b nurt`br utohozgtoei ner prelujtoei en cgaibsouc
jecpeuils ei t`b prbcosbs en Cgiteulo nurigjb ehl oistghhgtoeis gntbr celbriozgtoei.
Oi 647:, t`b prelujtoei en cgaibsotb phgit Abrerbcg gceuitbl 6:.> t`eusgil tei en rgw
cgaibsotb w`ohb gt t`b sgcb tocb t`b jecpgiy fbagi uilbrareuil coioia nrec t`b sotb
Thgkgrogs-Ceurtotsg. Oi 647<, cgaibsotb prelujtoei gceuitbl 0>.: t`eusgil tei (biroj`cbit
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\`b coioia/cbtghhuraojgh oilustry en Arbbjb. Jecceloty rbvobw ner ybgrs 647:-647<. Coibrgh Vbseurjbs
Lovosoei en t`b Coiostry en Vbjeistrujtoei en Trelujtoei, Bivoreicbit gil Bibray (_TGTBI) >
prelujt) gil ner t`b norst ybgr t`brb wgs g prelujtoei en ?.: t`eusgil tei en jgustoj
cgaibsog.
Oilustrogh Coibrghs. Ner 647<, t`b sbjter en oilustrogh coibrghs cgoitgoibl cuj` en t`b
rbsuhts en 647:, cgoihy t`giks te t`b lovbrsonobl bxpert-erobitbl prelujts tewgrls
oitbrigtoeigh cgrkbts ner rgw cgtbroghs gil t`b gpphojgtoei en t`b gppregj` ‘nrec Cgrkbt-te-
Coib– w`oj` prevolbs t`b pessofohoty en lbvbhepoia ibw oitbargtbl j`goi en prelujts gil
gjjbhbrgtb t`b lbvbhepcbit en `oa`br vghub-gllbl spbjoghozbl gpphojgtoeis.
Zpbjonojghhy, prelujtoei en fbiteiotb gil pbrhotb erbs nrec Cohes Oshgil gil et`br phgjbs
rbcgoibl gt 647: hbvbhs, 7.4 cohhoei tei ner fbiteiotb gil wot` g shoa`t rblujtoei ner pbrhotb
prelujtoei (4.?0 cohhoei tei), sbb rbnbrbijb tgfhb 7.
\`b Z & F Oilustrogh Coibrghs ZG cgoitgoibl ots pesotoei gs norst oi t`b prelujtoei en fbiteiotb
oi Burepb gil t`b hgrabst fbiteiotb bxpert jecpgiy oi t`b werhl wot` g tetgh fbiteiotb sghbs
vghub en evbr >0 cohhoei ₨ (744% bxperts).
Zocohgr pbrnercgijb wgs gj`obvbl ner t`b frgij` en pbrhotb, wot` g tetgh pbrhotb sghbs vghub oi
fet` uiprejbssbl gil prejbssbl prelujts en 6?.7 cohhoei (jecpgrbl wot` 61.2 cohhoei ₨ oi
647:).
Oi 647< t`b tetgh turievbr en t`b Z & F areup en jecpgiobs surpgssbl 742.6 cohhoei ₨ gil t`b
tetgh iucfbr en bcpheybbs rbgj`bl 7?44 (>4> oi Arbbjb). @ewbvbr, Z&F ZG rbjerlbl g hess
fbnerb tgx en 64.7 cohhoei ₨ jecpgrbl te t`b jerrbspeiloia prenot 777.0 cohhoei ₨ oi 647:,
lub te j`giabs oi t`b rbstrujturoia en t`b areup. Zoijb hgtb 647<, t`b jecpgiy `gs fbbi
uilbr t`b jeitreh en t`b Nrbij` areup OCBV_Z, eib en t`b hgrabst fusoibss areups oi t`b
werhl oi t`b nobhl en coibrghs. \`os lbgh en Ievbcfbr 647< wgs eib en t`b foaabst
oitbrigtoeigh lbghs oi t`b `ostery en Arbbk bitbrprosbs. \`b gfserptoei jeijbribl t`b w`ehb
areup bxjbpt ner t`b fguxotb sbjter.
Tucojb steib os t`b prelujt en vehjgioj gjtovoty ei t`b vehjgie en Iosyres, w`oj` bruptbl
644,444 ybgrs gae. \`b giiugh prelujtoei nrec _gho Oshgil gceuitbl te gpprex. 7 cohhoei tei
fbnerb bjeiecoj jrosos gil oi t`b ybgrs 647:-647< te <64-<:4 t`eusgil tei en pucojb. Cest
en t`b prelujtoei os bxpertbl te RZG gil t`b BR gil os cgoihy usbl oi t`b jeistrujtoei
oilustry w`ohb g scghhbr pbrjbitgab os usbl oi t`b tbxtohb oilustry ner steib wgs`oia.
@uitotb/@ylrecgaibsotb. Coibrgh prelujtoei nrec Zofbhje @bhhgs Z.G. (nercbrhy Q`otb
Coibrghs ZG) oi 647: gceuitbl te 72.6 t`eusgil tei en jrulb coibrgh (nrec jeijbssoeis 16
gil 1< fet` hejgtbl oi Zbrvog Kezgio). \`b sghbs en fet` prejbssbl gil jrulb cgtbrogh
lbjrbgsbl fy 1% w`ohb turievbr lbjhoibl fy 71%. Oi 647< t`b lbjhoib jeitoiubl wot`
prelujtoei hocotbl te 2.: t`eusgil tei gil g jeisbqubit rblujtoei oi sghbs en noios`bl
prelujts fy :0.7% jecpgrbl te 647:.
Ehovoib, gcp`ofehotbs, gttgpuhaotb jhgys. Ehovoib, gcp`ofehotbs gil gttgpuhaotb oilustrogh
coibrghs cgoitgoibl t`bor upwgrl trbil gil bxpert erobitgtoei utohozoia fet` t`b jgpgjoty gil
t`b bxostoia rbsbrvbs en prbvoeus ybgrs. Ner t`bsb coibrghs s`euhl fb ietbl t`gt oi gllotoei te
t`b iucbreus usbs t`gt jevbr t`b ibbls en t`b j`bcojgh, jeistrujtoei oilustry, stbbh,
rbnrgjterobs btj. t`by grb wolbhy usbl oi prblecoigithy bivoreicbitgh usbs (gs fhbgj`oia
bgrt`s, cbgis en rbnoioia gil wgstb cgigabcbit, cehbjuhgr sobvbs, nohtbr gil oisuhgtoei,
btj.).
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\`b coioia/cbtghhuraojgh oilustry en Arbbjb. Jecceloty rbvobw ner ybgrs 647:-647<. Coibrgh Vbseurjbs
Lovosoei en t`b Coiostry en Vbjeistrujtoei en Trelujtoei, Bivoreicbit gil Bibray (_TGTBI) 1
Oi pgrtojuhgr, gcp`ofehotb erb os bxtrgjtbl gs rgw cgtbrogh oi Zbrrbs rbaoei gil t`bi os usbl
ner t`b prelujtoei en coibrgh weeh jghhbl ‘pbtrevgcvgkgs– g igturgh nofreus gil g streia
oisuhgtoia gil norbpreen cgtbrogh (NOFVGI ZG).
Ghse, t`b ehovoib erb gntbr coibl nrec t`b qugrry grbg Zkeuctsg Qbst. Cgjbleiog, os trbgtbl
te prelujb g wolb rgiab en prelujts fgsbl ei ehovoib, w`oj` grb usbl gs rbnrgjtery cgtbroghs
ner t`b cbtghhuraojgh oilustry, t`b jbcbit oilustry gil t`b ahgss oilustry (bxperts >4%)
(Gboneres Cbtgh Trejbssoia ZG).
Noighhy, Abe`bhhgs os gi oilustrogh coibrghs jecpgiy spbjoghozbl oi prelujoia jhgys wot`
spbjonoj usbs en gttgpuhaotb gil spbjogh coxturbs en gttgpuhaotb /segpsteib, wot` coioia gil
prejbssoia phgit oi t`b prbnbjturb en Arbvbig, Iert`wbstbri Arbbjb. Gttgpuhaotb os g uioqub
jhgy coibrgh wot` g wolb vgrobty en oilustrogh usbs ewbl cesthy te ots vbry `oa` surngjb grbg
gil peresoty.
Ghh t`b rbhbvgit prelujtoei lgtg ner t`b gfevb cbitoeibl oilustrogh coibrghs gil erbs grb
prbsbitbl oi \gfhb 7.
Gaarbagtbs-jeistrujtoei cgtbroghs. Oi Arbbjb, ?2% en t`b gaarbagtbs prelujbl lbrovb
nrec procgry rbseurjbs, jecprosoia cgoihy jrus`bl rejk gaarbagtbs lub te t`b bxostbijb en
cgiy gil aeel qughoty hocbsteib lbpesots. Wugrrobs grb hejgtbl oi grbgs wot` suotgfhb
abeheaojgh rbseurjbs oi prb-lbnoibl Wugrryoia Grbgs (Hgw 7<60/0< gs gcbilbl wot` Hgw
6772/?:). Gfeut 764 gut`erozbl qugrryoia grbgs grb epbrgtoia t`reua`eut t`b rbaoei wot`
724 qugrrobs (oijhuloia t`bor prelujt trbgtcbit uiots) sjgttbrbl ghh evbr t`b jeuitry. \`bor
petbitogh prelujtoei bxjbbls t`b 04-?4 cohhoei tei/ybgr. Rinertuigtbhy, eihy 24-22% en t`b
jurrbit tetgh gaarbagtb prelujtoei oi Arbbjb lbrovbs nrec qugrrobs bstgfhos`bl oi Wugrryoia
Grbgs. \`b rbst os bot`br lub te t`b hbaoshgtovb bxjbptoeis er/gil ohhbagh qugrryoia gjtovotobs.
Ghse, t`b lrgstoj lbjrbgsb oi giiugh gaarbagtbs prelujtoei, w`oj` os g lorbjt ocpgjt en t`b
noigijogh jrosos, os bvolbit oi Arbbjb luroia t`b hgst 2 ybgrs. \`b gaarbagtbs‟ lbcgil
lbjrbgsbl oite :4 cohhoei tei oi 647: gil :0 cohhoei tei oi 647<, gt hbgst 22% hewbr t`gi t`b
prelujtoei en 6440. \`b gvbrgab giiugh jeisucptoei oi Arbbjb oi t`b ybgrs en jrosos os 6.6 -
6.2 tei pbr jgpotg.
Jghjouc Jgrfeigtb. \`b cgoi jecpgiobs oivehvbl oi t`b prelujtoei en jgrfeigtb nohhbrs grb
t`b LOEI_ZZECGVFHB, t`b OEIOGI KGHK ZG, t`b COJVENOHH ZG, t`b KGVFEKGH ZG, t`b
EC_G @BHHGZ ZG gil t`b OILRZ\VOGH COIBVGHZ ZG.
Fgsbl ei giiughhy gjtovoty stgtbcbits (_TGTBI) ner 647:-647<, ot os gppgrbit t`gt lbspotb
t`b bjeiecoj jrosos, t`b Arbbk Areuil Jghjouc Jgrfeigtb (AJJ) nohhbrs sbjter `gs rbcgoibl
nuilgcbitghhy seuil wot` g tetgh giiugh jgpgjoty en 4.<-4.2 Ct w`oj` os cgoihy gttrofutbl te
t`b oijrbgsb oi t`b bxperts en lecbstoj nohhbrs prelujtoei. Gjtughhy, ot os bstocgtbl t`gt evbr
04% en t`b prelujtoei vehucb os bxpertbl. \`os jgi ghse fb gttrofutbl fet` te t`b ocpertgijb
en t`bsb cgtbroghs ner usb oi spbjonoj oilustrobs (phgstojs, pgoits btj.) gil t`gt t`by jgi fb
usbl oi cgionehl gpphojgtoeis oi vgroeus oilustrogh sbjters.
Hoaiotb. Hoaiotb os usbl cgoihy ner jeisucptoei oi bhbjtrojoty pewbr stgtoeis en t`b Tufhoj
Tewbr Jerpergtoei (TTJ), wot` Arbbjb fboia fet` eib en t`b hgrabst prelujbrs gil lbpesoters
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\`b coioia/cbtghhuraojgh oilustry en Arbbjb. Jecceloty rbvobw ner ybgrs 647:-647<. Coibrgh Vbseurjbs
Lovosoei en t`b Coiostry en Vbjeistrujtoei en Trelujtoei, Bivoreicbit gil Bibray (_TGTBI) 0
en t`gt typb en jegh oi Burepb, wot` greuil 22->4 cohhoei teis en giiugh prelujtoei, gil cerb
t`gi 1 fohhoei teis en rbsbrvbs.
Oi 647<, hoaiotb prelujtoei nrec TTJ ZG bxjbblbl <0 cohhoei tei (647:) rblujbl fy 76.2%
nrec 2< cohhoei tei (647:) w`oj` `gvb ghse fbbi rblujbl fy 7<.2% nrec >7.1 cohhoei tei
(6476). Zpbjonojghhy ner 647<, hoaiotb prelujtoei en :?.4> cohhoei tei bxtrgjtbl fy t`b
jecpgiy gt t`b Qbst Cgjbleiog Hoaiotb Jbitrb (QCHJ) gil 0.? cohhoei tei gt t`b Cbaghepehos
Hoaiotb Jbitrb (CHJ). Gjjerloia te t`os gceuit en hoaiotb prelujbl, Arbbjb `ehls :t` phgjb en
BR‟s hoaiotb prelujtoei (gntbr Abrcgiy gil Tehgil) gil rgikbl gceia t`b hgrabst hoaiotb
prelujbrs oi t`b werhl.
\`b jeitrofutoei en hoaiotb oi t`b bhbjtrojoty bibray cox ei t`b oitbrjeiibjtbl systbc en t`b
jeuitry bxjbblbl 2<.>% (2>.0% oi 647:), w`ohb t`b jerrbspeiloia pgrtojopgtoei oi t`b w`ehb
jeuitry (oijhuloia iei-oitbrjeiibjtbl oshgils) wgs 24.:% (27.0% oi 647:) lbceistrgtoia
t`b lecoigijb en hoaiotb rbsbrvbs oi t`b jeuitry‟ s bibray sjbib.
@ylrejgrfeis. Oitbrigtoeigh tbilbroia prejblurbs. Kgvghg Eoh os t`b eihy jecpgiy
bxtrgjtoia `ylrejgrfeis oi Arbbjb, tgrabtoia wot` soaionojgit oivbstcbits te g leufhoia en
prelujtoei nrec t`b bxostoia Troies lbpesot en 6,444 fgrrbhs jurrbithy oi 2,444 fgrrbhs en eoh
pbr lgy. Ghse t`b jecpgiy giieuijbl gi oivbstcbit preargc ner bxpheotgtoei en t`b lbpesot
"B" gocoia te gi oiotogh lgohy prelujtoei en :,444 fgrrbhs. \`b bstocgtbl bxpheotgfhb rbsbrvbs
en t`b lbpesot "B" stgil gt 74 cohhoei fgrrbhs w`ohb tetgh rbsbrvbs grb greuil :6 cohhoei
fgrrbhs.
Gjjerloia te t`b noigijogh rbsuhts en 647< t`b jecpgiy Bibrabgi Eoh & Ags rbjerlbl hessbs
cgoihy lub te t`b lrep oi jrulb eoh projb. Jeiseholgtbl rbvbiubs oi 647< wbrb hocotbl te :7.7
cohhoei ₨ (<? cohhoei ₨ oi 647:) cgrkoia gi giiugh lbjrbgsb en :>%.
\`b tbilbrs jeijbribl t`b bxphergtoei gil bxpheotgtoei en `ylrejgrfeis oi Oegiioig, Kgtgkehe
gil t`b Auhn en Tgtrg oi wbstbri Arbbjb, cbt wot` soaionojgit oitbrigtoeigh oitbrbst gil noighhy
gwgrlbl te jeisertoucs hbl fy Arbbk norc Bibrabgi Eoh gil @bhhbioj Tbtrehbuc. \`b t`rbb
jeisertoucs `gvb jeccottbl te oivbstoia ₨>4 cohhoei bgj` luroia t`b norst-stgab lrohhoia
prejblurbs; fgsbl ei t`b garbbcbits, t`bsb oivbstcbits weuhl rosb te fbtwbbi ₨144-044
cohhoei on `ylrejgrfei losjevbrobs grb cglb.
Oi 647<, t`b stgtb `gs ghse giieuijbl g ibw reuil en oitbrigtoeigh tbilbrs ner bxphergtoei
gil bxpheotgtoei en gi gllotoeigh 64 enns`erb fhejks seut` en Jrbtb gil oi t`b Oeiogi Zbg, gs
wbhh gs t`rbb eis`erb sotbs oi wbstbri Arbbjb= oi Grtg-Trbvbzg, Gotehegkgrigiog gil t`b
iert`wbst Tbhepeiibsb rbaoei. \`b grbg seut` en Jrbtb os fbhobvbl te fb t`b jeuitry's cesthokbhy prespbjt ner t`b losjevbry en g cgmer pbtrehbuc rbsbrveor en oitbrigtoeigh prepertoeis,
w`ohb t`b eis`erb sotbs `gvb ghrbgly lrgwi oitbrbst nrec cgmer oitbrigtoeigh phgybrs. \`b
ennbrbl enns`erb fhejks `gvb lbbp wgtbr hbvbhs gil grb soaionojgithy hgrabr t`gi t`b fhejks
prbvoeushy ennbrbl. \`us, glvgijbl tbj`iojgh jgpgfohotobs gil bxtbisovb jgpotgh suppert wohh fb
ibblbl ner bxphergtoei. Oi prgjtojb, t`os cbgis t`gt eihy hgrab gil col-sozbl norcs wohh fb
gfhb te fol ner t`b jeijbssoei w`oj` wohh fb jeijhulbl oi ibxt ybgr 6472.
Abet`brcy. @oa` bit`ghpy abet`brcgh rbseurjbs (9?4´J) gppbgrs te fb jeinoibl oi t`b
gjtovb Zeut` Gbabgi vehjgioj grj, wot` g prevbi petbitogh bxjbbloia 624 CQb cgoihy oi t`b
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\`b coioia/cbtghhuraojgh oilustry en Arbbjb. Jecceloty rbvobw ner ybgrs 647:-647<. Coibrgh Vbseurjbs
Lovosoei en t`b Coiostry en Vbjeistrujtoei en Trelujtoei, Bivoreicbit gil Bibray (_TGTBI) ?
oshgils en Cohes gil Iosyres. Rinertuigtbhy lbspotb t`os, gt prbsbit, ie bhbjtroj pewbr os
prelujbl nrec abet`brcgh rbseurjbs oi Arbbjb.
Ei t`b et`br `gil hew/cblouc bit`ghpy abet`brcgh n obhls (8?4 ´J) grb iucbreus oi Arbbjb,
cest en w`oj` grb hejgtbl oi t`b fgsois oi Iert`bri Arbbjb, gs wbhh gs oi cgiy en t`b Gbabgi
Oshgils. Trbsbit lgtg oilojgtb t`gt t`b prevbi hew/cblouc bit`ghpy oistghhgtoeis oi t`b
jeuitry bxjbbl 744 CQt.
\`b tetgh jeuitry oistghhbl jgpgjoty, rbpertbl ner abet`brcgh lorbjt utohozgtoei os bstocgtbl up
te 664-6:4 CQt (tetgh werhlwolb jgpgjoty os bstocgtbl up te 14,:6? CQt arewoia gt gi
giiugh jecpeuil rgtb en 1.1%). Jurrbit abet`brcgh oistghhgtoeis oi Arbbjb oijhulb 6 CQt ner
oilovolugh spgjb `bgtoia, ::-:2 CQt en arbbi`eusb `bgtoia, 1-0 CQt ner nos` ngrcoia, 4.:
CQt en garojuhturgh lryoia, <:-<2 CQt ner fgt`oia gil swoccoia, 4.< CQt ner et`br usbs,
7:2-7<4 CQt ner abet`brcgh (er areuil seurjb) `bgt pucps, prelujoia t`b gfevb
cbitoeibl jecfoibl tetgh ner t`b jeuitry en 664-6:4 CQt.
Gs lbceistrgtbl nrec t`b gfevb lostrofutoei en t`b oistghhbl jgpgjoty, abet`brcgh `bgt
pucps (A@T) er areuil seurjb `bgt pucp (AZ@T) bx`ofot t`b hgrabst s`grb (9>2% en t`boistghhbl jgpgjoty), nehhewbl fy fgt`oia gil swoccoia gil arbbi`eusb `bgtoia. \`os rgpol
oijrbgsb en A@T systbcs jgi fb gttrofutbl cgoihy te t`b bgsb gil swontibss en t`b hojbisoia
ner lrohhoia en ‘jhesbl– wbhhs er n er usb areuilwgtbr epbi systbcs t`gt jgi fb oistghhbl oi
fuohloias en ghh koil.
Cgrfhb prelujts gil erigcbitgh steibs. Cgrfhbs‟ oilustry os g trglotoeigh gil bssbitogh
ngjter oi igtoeigh bjeiecy, `gvoia g lecoigit pesotoei oi t`b werhl cgrkbt, lbspotb t`b
glvbrsb jorjucstgijbs, t`b nobrjb werhl jecpbtotoei gil t`b rbstrojtoeis ei bivoreicbitgh
ossubs. Igcbhy, ei g cgmer cgrfhb‟s usb hokb t`b lbjergtoei steibs, g sbjter t`gt Arbbjb os
s`ewoia g arbgt nhew en bxperts ner lbjglbs, t`b jeuitry rgiks 77t` ahefghhy nrec 644< tohh
iew. \`os os eib en t`b nbw sbjters t`gt Arbbjb oitbrtbcperghhy jecpbtbs wot` t`b ahefgh
cgrkbts, bspbjoghhy w`bi t`b hbgloia jeuitrobs grb `uab gil cuhtotuloieus jeuitrobs wot` g
arbgt werknerjb gil roj` areuil, hokb J`oig, Oilog, Otghy, Zpgoi, \urkby, Frgzoh er t`b RZG.
Luroia t`b hgst sox ybgrs, t`b oilustry en cgrfhb prelujts gil erigcbitgh steib, lbspotb t`b
sbvbrb ocpgjt en t`b bjeiecoj jrosos ei lecbstoj jeisucptoei, cgigabl te ocprevb
prelujtoei gil cgoitgoi t`b upwgrl trbil t`gt fbagi oi 6440-644? cgoihy t`giks te streia
lbcgil nrec t`b J`oibsb cgrfhb cgrkbt.
Bspbjoghhy ner 647:-7<, t`b tetgh giiugh prelujtoei en cgrfhb gil erigcbitgh steib prelujts
bxjbblbl 7.: cohhoei tei giiughhy, w`ohb bxperts en t`b sbjter bxjbblbl g tetgh en 0<4-0>4
t`eusgil tei wert` evbr 6<4-6>4 cohhoei ₨. Ocperts rbcgoibl gt t`b sgcb hocotbl hbvbh en
:4-:: cohhoei ₨, rbnhbjtoia t`b shewlewi en t`b oitbrigh cgrkbt lub te bjeiecoj jrosos, sbb
Noa. 7.
Zpbjonojghhy ner cgrfhb prelujts, t`b tetgh bxpertbl cgrfhb qugitoty jgcb up te 11> t`eusgil
tei wert` evbr 6<6 cohhoei ₨ (oi 647<) gil g tetgh en 064 t`eusgil tei wert` evbr 6:6
cohhoei ₨ (oi 647:).
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\`b coioia/cbtghhuraojgh oilustry en Arbbjb. Jecceloty rbvobw ner ybgrs 647:-647<. Coibrgh Vbseurjbs
Lovosoei en t`b Coiostry en Vbjeistrujtoei en Trelujtoei, Bivoreicbit gil Bibray (_TGTBI) 74
Noaurb 7= Ocpert gil Bxpert vghubs en cgrfhb gil et`br igturgh steibs oi Arbbjb[6444-647<S
Cgrfhb bxperts te J`oig, t`b foaabst cgrkbt ner Arbbk cgrfhbs, tetghbl evbr ?7.7 cohhoei ₨
(oi 647<) gil ?0 cohhoei ₨ (oi 647:), rbprbsbitoia ner 647< cerb t`gi 21% en tetgh qugitoty
gil :0% en t`b tetgh vghub en Arbbk cgrfhb bxperts, sbb noaurb 6. Vbspbjtovb vghubs en J`oig
ner 647: wbrb cerb t`gi 20% en tetgh qugitoty gil <6% en t`b tetgh vghub en Arbbk cgrfhb
bxperts.
\`b norst twbity (64) cgrkbts en t`b tetgh Arbbk bxpertbl cgrfhb qugitoty oi 647<, rgtoia
0:% en t`b tetgh bxpertbl vghub. J`oig wgs nehhewbl fy=
RZG wot` 7< cohhoei ₨ en bxpertbl vghub
Riotbl Grgf Bcorgtbs (RGB) wot` 74.0 cohhoei ₨
Zgulo Grgfog wot` 0.< cohhoei ₨
Zoiagperb wot` 0.7 cohhoei ₨
Wgtgr wot` 1.> cohhoei ₨
Otghy wot` >.> cohhoei ₨ gil
\urkby wot` >.2 cohhoei ₨ en bxpertbl vghub.
Bcbry. Bcbry coibrgh cgoihy ejjurs oi t`b oshgil en Igxes. Oi t`b hgst twe ybgrs 647:-
647< bcbry prelujtoei gceuitbl te <-2,444 teis g ybgr w`ohb g qugitoty en ghcest 24
t`eusgil tei `gs fbbi stejkbl oi Ceutseuig, Igxes. Oi 647<, g tetgh en :4 t`eusgil tei en
t`os stejk wbrb sehl (wot` g turievbr en ghcest <44 t`eusgil ₨) w`ohb g ibw sghb gujtoei os
bxpbjtbl oi 6472. Vbsbgrj` `gs fbbi jgrrobl eut oi erlbr te bxgcoib pessofohotobs ner ibw
gpphojgtoeis gil cgrkbts en t`b erb.
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\`b coioia/cbtghhuraojgh oilustry en Arbbjb. Jecceloty rbvobw ner ybgrs 647:-647<. Coibrgh Vbseurjbs
Lovosoei en t`b Coiostry en Vbjeistrujtoei en Trelujtoei, Bivoreicbit gil Bibray (_TGTBI) 77
\gfhb 7
AVBBJB = TVELRJ\OEI EN COIBVGH JECCELO\OBZ
CB\GHZ, COIBVGH GAAVBAG\BZ, OILRZ\VOGH COIBVGHZ, CGVFHB GIL EVIGCBI\Z\EIBZ, COIBVGH NRBHZ GIL VBHG\BL CG\BVOGHZ
JECCELO\_ TVELRJ\OEI Wugitoty oi Cbtroj teis uihbsset`brwosb spbjonobl
647: 647<
Fguxotb 7,0<<,4447 7,016,1747
Ghucoiouc, procgry (Neuilry Hoib) 7>?,<21 71:,7><6
Ghucoig, jghjoibl (Gh6E:) >><,276 >1<,4<2
Ghucoig, `ylrgtbl (Gh6E:) 077,>44 07:,244
Coxbl suhp`olb erb 661,64: 67?,02?: Aghbig, TfZ (cbtroj teis en jeijbitrgtbs) 70,:12 72,>2<
]oij fhbil , ]iZ (cbtroj teis en jeijbitrgtbs) <7,66> <7,?>4
Guronbreus grsbiepyrotb, NbZ6 (cbtroj teis
en jeijbitrgtbs)><,0:1 20,::2
<
Iojkbhonbrreus erbs (hgtbrotbs) 6,664,1?4 6,:06,<02
Nbrreiojkbh (NbIo) 00,?74 ?<,?262
Io jeitbit en nbrreiojkbh 7>,0?4 70,<07
Zhga fy prelujt (nrec bhbjtrojgh nurigjbs) 0<,:44> :27,2>1
Zhga fy prelujt (nrec EFC-typb jeivbrtbrs) 0:,?14> 0:,:04
Cgaibsotb, jrulb :0:,444 :>4,6>01
Lbgl-furibl cgaibsog :4,22? 6>,476
Jgustoj-jghjoibl cgaibsog 21,:?: 14,>>40
Fgsoj ceiehot`oj rbnrgjterobs <7,?02 <7,46:
Fbiteiotb, jrulb 7,444,444? 7,477,<02?
Gttgpuhaotb jhgy :6,<4474 <2,44474
@uitotb, jrulb 72,644 2,:<4
Tezzehgi, Zgiteroi bgrt` 6>>,444 614,444
Tezzehgi, spbjonoj usb (iet jbcbit oilustry) 7,744 7,644
Kgehoi, jrulb 4 4
Tbrhotb, jrulb 0?4,44477 ?02,:6077
Tbrhotb, trbgtbl <:2,44476 241,::>76
Tucojb <64,444 <6?,016
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Aypsuc gil gi`ylrotb, jrulb 1>4,444 >><,6007:
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24,044,44472
8/20/2019 The Mining Metallurgical Industry of Greece. Commodity Review for Years 2013 2014
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\`b coioia/cbtghhuraojgh oilustry en Arbbjb. Jecceloty rbvobw ner ybgrs 647:-647<. Coibrgh Vbseurjbs
Lovosoei en t`b Coiostry en Vbjeistrujtoei en Trelujtoei, Bivoreicbit gil Bibray (_TGTBI) 76
]behotb 4 7>>7>
Jrulb eoh, oi fgrrbhs >4?,:?471 27<,67?71
Igturgh ags , oi IC:70 2,<72,444 2,4>6,67?
Zght, sbg sght 70?,2447? 7<>,<467?
Coibrgh Gaarbagtbs (sgil, argvbh, :4,444,444* :0,444,444*
jrus`bl steibs btj.)
Cgrfhb reua` fhejks, oi jufoj cbtbrs 664,444 6:6,444Cgrfhb, reua` s`gpbhbss fhejks :44,444* ::2,444*
Zhgtb steibs, oi jufoj cbtbrs 704,44464 744,44464
Cgrfhb Tewlbr/J`oppoias ΓΗ >,41467
Gfrgsovbs, Igturgh Bcbry <,624 <,044
IG= iet gvgohgfhb, *= bstocgtbl
7 fguxotb= Burepbgi Fguxotbs Z.G., Lbhp`o Lostece GCB, Bhcoi GB 6 prelujbl nrec trbgtcbit en ::6.6 t`eusgil ti en jghjoibl ghucoig
: Cbtgh jeitbit Tf= 7:.47> ti, Ξi= 66,?2: ti, Nb= <?,210 ti, Ga= ::,2>0 Ka, Gu= 7,44?.7>Ka (nrec coioia jeijbssoeis 7> νηο 62)
< Cbtgh jeitbit Ηs= 74.<% Nb= 61.1%, Ga3 :0 ar/ti νηο Gu366.> ar/ti2 %Io jeitbit= 7?.<>%> Zhga fy-prelujt (jegrsb) 0<,:44ti gil Zhga fy-prelujt (noib, -2cc) 0:,?14 ti
1\etgh prelujtoei en cgaibsotb nrec cgoi biroj`cbit uiot (Arbjogi Cgaibsotb Z.G. gil
\BVIG CGA).0 Jgustoj-jghjoibl cgaibsog (nrec Arbjogi Cgaibsotb Z.G. gil \BVIG CGA).?Fbiteiotb= Z&F Oilustrogh Coibrghs Z.G., Fbitecoib Z.G., Zul J`obcob @bhhgs, Arbbk Coioia
Htl., Cgvreyogiios Je.74 gttgpuhaotos/pghyaerskotb phus scbjtotb/sgpeiotb jhgy(ABEBHHGZ ΗΘΘΗΒ)77Tbrhotb= Z&F Oilustrogh Coibrghs Z.G., BBKEC ZG, Gbabgi Tbrhotbs Z.G., ΘOHETGI Z.G. 76Tbrhotb (prejbssbl)= Z&F Oilustrogh Coibrghs Z.G. , Gbabgi Tbrhotbs Z.G.7:Aypsuc= Oitbrfbtei Jeistrujtoei Cgtbroghs ZG., Hgvg Coioia gil Wugrryoia Je, Kigun
Aypsepeoog ZG, Foeayps-Kgrvbhos ZG, A. ]brvgkos ZG.7<Jghjouc Jgrfeigtb (JgJE:) prelujts, fet` gcerp`eus gil jrystghhoj= jeistrujtoei
certgrs, nohhbrs, pewlbr nrec cgrfhb qugrryoia, gl`bsovb gil sbghgit, cgrcehoib,
ghngcox, oekgh b.a. fy Loeiyssecgrfhb ZG, Oeiogi Kghk ZG, ]gnrgigs-cojrenohh ZG, Ecyg
@bhhgs btj.72Tufhoj Tewbr Jerpergtoei ZG, Hgrje ACCGB (Zbrvog Kezgio), C.B.\.B., Hoai. Kgrgpgto ,
Hoai. GJ@HGLGZ ZG7>
FBI\ECOIB Z.G.,71
ΝΗΖΗΛΗ EOH ZG, Bibrabgi Eoh & Ags70Iercgh jufoj cbtbr (Ic:)7?
nrec sbvbi (1) sght sotbs t`reua`eut Arbbjb, 22% en t`b tetgh jecoia nrec t`b sght pots en
Cbseheiao64Kgrystes gil Tohhoei grbgs shgtb steibs grb oijhulbl67qugrrobs bspbjoghhy hojbisbl ner prelujtoei en Cgrfhb Tewlbr/J`oppoias