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The Microbial World. Chapters 5, 15. The Marine Environment. Plankton Collection. Plankton Classification. Megaplankton 20-200 cm Macroplankton 2-20 cm Mesoplankton 0.2-20 mm Microplankton 20-200 μ m Nanoplankton 2-20 μ m Picoplankton 0.2-2 μ m. Metabolism. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Microbial WorldChapters 5, 15
The Marine Environment
Plankton Collection
Plankton ClassificationMegaplankton 20-200 cmMacroplankton 2-20 cmMesoplankton 0.2-20 mmMicroplankton 20-200 mNanoplankton 2-20 mPicoplankton 0.2-2 m
MetabolismMetabolism- all chemical reactions that occur in an organism.Autotrophic- requiring carbon dioxide and a source of energy for the synthesis of organic molecules (glucose).Photoautotrophs- absorb light energy from the sun.Chemoautotrophs- derive energy from chemical compounds.Heterotrophic- requiring complex organic compounds; obtains energy by consuming organic matter.
Bacteria and Archaea
Photosynthetic ProkaryotesKingdom- BacteriaPhylum- Cyanophyta
CyanophytaCharacteristics
Examples- Oscillatoria, Synechococcus, Synechocystis.
Cyanobacterial Cell
Cyanophyta- Gram Negative BacteriaGram positive- peptidoglycan layer; stains with crystal violet.Gram negative- peptidoglycan layer sandwiched by lipopolysaccharide and protein layers; does not stain with crystal violet.
Global O2 from photosynthesis80% comes from marine cyanobacteria.SynechococcusSynechocystis20% comes from terrestrial systems.5% of this comes from tropical rainforests.
Stromatolites
ArchaeaProkaryoticExtremophilesHydrothermal ventsHypersaline basinsHighly acidic env.Highly alkaline env.
Photosynthetic Protista (the algae)Dinophyta- dinoflagellates.Haptophyta- haptophytes.Heterokontophyta- heterokont algae.Xanthophyceae- yellow-green algae.Bacillariophyceae- diatoms.
Dinophyta- dinoflagellatesCharacteristics
Examples- Ceratium, Pfiesteria.
Pfiesteria piscicida
Haptophyta- haptophytesCharacteristics
Examples- Prymnesium, Phaeocystis.
Heterokontophyta- heterokonts
Xanthophyceae- yellow-green algaeCharacteristics
Examples- Vaucheria.
Bacillariophyceae- diatomsCharacteristics
Examples- Coscinodiscus, Chaetoceros.
Frustule Morphology
The ProtozoansGranuloreticulosa- foraminiferans.Polycystina- radiolarians.Ciliophora- ciliates.
Granuloreticulosa- foraminiferansCharacteristics
Example- Globigerina.
Pink Beaches of Bermuda
Polycystina- radiolariansCharacteristics
Example- Hexacontium.
Various Radiolarians
Ciliophora- ciliatesCharacteristics
Examples- Strombilidium, Tintinnopsis.
Fig. 5.14
Kingdom FungiCharacteristics
Example- Aspergillus.
Stromatolite- rock-like deposition of carbonates and trapped sediments; formed by cyanobacteria and diatoms.Age- 3.5 BYA.Growth-deposition-growth-deposition.S-shaped in growth= 1 year.Florida, Bahamas, Australia.*