The Magic of Mobile Broadband Wireless Fundamentals

8/13/2019 The Magic of Mobile Broadband Wireless Fundamentals

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Mobile Broadband:Wireless Fundamentals

December 2013


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1Mobile is the largest technologyplatform in the world, enablingbroadband internet accessanywhere

Wireless is the foundation to mobile broadband

3

Qualcomm is thMobile 3G/4G. solve the imposchallenges.

42Mobile broadband is anamazing technical achievement,critical to the mobile userexperience

Wireless fundamfoundation to mpowered by Mobtechnologies


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Mobile is the largest technology platform in the world

~6.7 Billion connections,almost

as many as people on Earth17 Billion smartphones

to be shipped 2013-20172

New form factors; tablet/laptop

variants, wearables, etc.Evolving intoInternet of Everything:

cars, meters, health-devices, etc.

1 GSMA Intelligence, July 2013 - note ~3.3B unique subscribers.2 Gartner, April 2013

More prevalent th

or running water i


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The evolution of broadband from fixed to mobile

Fixed Broadband

Ethernet

Portable Broadband

Wi-Fi

Mobile Br

Mobile

1 Source: Wireless Intelligence, April 2013; WBIS+, April 2013

>75%Global broadband connections that

are mobile in 20131


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Anywhere CoveConnect to Internet with se

anywhere you get a

Reliable PerformanceTalk and browse without interruption with

more bars in more places

Fast SpeedsStream, surf, upload, and download with

fast, predictable data rates

Mobile broadband is reliable, high-speed internetaccessanywhere, anytime

Delivering rich user experiences through seamless mobile connecti


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Usage ModAccess internet anytime, anywhe

Fast/smooth web browsin

Faster download speed

SMS/text messagin

Instant access to ema

Take HD photos/image

Runs multiple apps efficiently at same tim

Send/receive photos/videos (MMS

Quickly switch between app

Better power manageme

Secure mobile banking/transaction

Watch theater-quality movies/vide

View/edit office doc

Streaming video/movie

Seamless mobile connectivity is the fundamental reasbuying a smartphone

Mobile

Broadband

High-definitionphotos/images

High-definition

movies/videos

604027

For your next smartphone purchase, which of the following capabilities would drive your

decision to select one phone over others? Select all that apply

Source: Qualcomm quantitative survey conducted December through February 2013 on 2,000+ Gen Pop sample from 8 countries worldwide (USA, UK, China, Brazil, India, Mexico, Russia, South Korea)


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19,0Gigabytes of worldw

Equivalent to >4

* Source: Cisco & GSMA, 2013

More processing powerthan Apollo 11 when it

landed on moon

Batteryholds ~5 watt-hours

of energy, enough to lift an

average adult 6 stories high

One device that fits in your

pocket replaces functionality

of at least 6 other devices


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Radio Signal

Signal-to-Noise Ratio

Range

Radio Channel

Spectrum

Data Rate

Cap

Radio signals are like a ripple in

the waterRadio channels are like highways

Radio chann

capacity

Wireless Connectivity Fundamentals

Wireless fundamentals are the foundation of this amatechnical achievement


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Radio Signal


Range

Radio Channel

Spectrum

Data Rate

Cap



Radio chann

capacity



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Amplitude ():Size of the ripple (energy)

Wavelength ():Distance between the ripp

Frequency ():How often the ripple goes b

Water

Surface

Radio signals are like ripples in the water

Radio Signal:A form of energy t

into space as radio waves.


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Radio signals (ripples) are modulated with information

1 0 0 1

1 0 0 1

Data

Amplitude Modulation

(AM)

Amplitude Modulation (AM):

Alternating how big you make the ripple

Modulation turns radio signals into information carriers creating a radio channRipple Receiver


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Radio signals (ripples) transmit in noisy environment

Signal PowerPower

Distance (from ripple source

=

+

Range is the distance the signal can travel witbe decoded by receiver

Ripple Receiver

Noise + Interference Power

Noise

Interference


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~100,000,0Amount of signal los

compared to

Operator Base Station

Ripple Source

User Equipment

Ripple Receiver

Mobile technologies provide signal quality despite haenvironments

Ripple Receiver

Internet

PSTN

Other Users

Interference

Environment

Noise

Enabled by Mobile 3G/4G technologies:

Advanced receivers and coding to detect low-power signals from noise

Multiple antenna techniques to create multiple paths to amplify signal


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Ripple Source

Transmitter #1

Ripple Receiver

Ripple Source

Transmitter #2

Requires seamless handoff between transmitters like swinging from a trape

Power(dB)

Mobile technologies provide coverage beyond the ce


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Mobile cells are networked to provide mobility

Network

Switch/Router

Cells are designed with overlapping coverage to provide seamless handoffs acro

In


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Radio Signal


Range

Radio Channel

Spectrum

Data Rate

Cap



Radio chann

capacity



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Spectrum is like land a finite resource;Radio channels are like highways built on this land

Radio Channel (highway):Spectrum for specific communication link

Radio Frequency Spectrum (land):

Frequency range for different types of wireless

100 MHz

Mobile band

850 MHz

FM Radio

1,500 MHz

GPS

1,900 MHz

Mobile band

Data (vehicles):Bits of information carried on Radio channel


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Spectrum can be either licensed or unlicensed

Licensed SpectrumCleared spectrum for exclusive use

(Mobile 3G/4G technologies)

Unlicensed SpectruSpectrum shared by multiple tech

(Wi-Fi, BT & others)

Operator

Predictable Performance

Foundation of Mobile Broadband

Unpredictable Performanc

Local Area Access, Opportunistic


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Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)

Two-lane highway (paired spectru

Spectrum 1

Spectrum 2

Spectrum 1

Uplink (UL

Downlink (D

UL DL U

Mobile technologies are a two-way (duplex) highway

Time Division Duplex (TDD)

One-lane, shared highway (unpair


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Finite

SpectrumMobile technologies have finite available spectrum

Radio Frequency Spectrum

Defense27%

Commercial27%

Aeronautical17%

Mobile 15%*

Broadcasting8%

Other6%

60 MHz 600 MHz 6 GHz

Requires large

antennas

Tr

* Based on average Europe allocations up to 6 GHz

Evolving Mobile 3G/4G technologies maximize spectrum efficiency with:

Advanced receivers and radio link improvements to get more bits per Hz

Multiple antenna techniques to create multiple paths to carry more data


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A radio channel has a peak data rate

The number of spatially

separated paths (highway

overpasses)

Number of Antennas

The width of the radio channel

(highway) built on spectrum

(land)

Spectrum Bandwidth

Peak Data Rate

()Theoretical max data rate in

ideal conditions measured in bits

per second (bps)

Hig

The n

tran

Frequency

1

Note: Overhead is extra bits for each packet beyond the payload containing information necessary to properly transport the packet end-to-end acrossthe network


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Evolving Mobile technologies increase peak data rate

Channel Bandwidth () 200 kHz 5 MHz 20

# of Antennas () 1 x 1 (n = 1) 1 x 1 (n = 1) 2 x

Modulation () 8-PSK (M = 3) 16-QAM (M = 4) 64-QA

Peak Data Rate1 474 Kbps 14.4 Mbps 150

1Download peak data rate, 2Download peak data rate with 2 x 2 MIMO, 64-QAM Modulation, and 20 MHz carrier

2GVoice plus Messaging

CDMA, GSM, GPRS/EDGE

3GMobile Broadband

WCDMA/HSPA, EV-DO

3AdvancedHSPA+, L

Peak Data Rate Equation

Example: LTE Peak Data Rate2

Spectrum Bandwidth () = 20 MHz

Number of Antennas () = 2

Bits per Symbol () = 6

Overhead = 37.5%

Peak Data Rate () = 150 Mbps


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Radio Signal

Signal-to-Noise RatioRange

Radio Channel

SpectrumData Rate

Cap



Radio chann

capacity



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Radio channel capacity is like a pipes capacity for wa

Capacity ()

Theoretical max amount of data traffic thatcan be reliably transmitted over a noisy radio

channel at a given time

100%

29%

15%10%

21%

12%13%

Radio channel capacity is shared amongst multi


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A radio channel has a finite capacity

log2(1 +

The number of spatially

separated pipes (paths)

Number of Antennas

This size of your pipe

(bandwidth)

Si

Th

Capacity ()Theoretical max amount of data that

can be reliably transmitted over a noisy

radio channel

Spectrum Bandwidth


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Shared

ResourcesEvolving Mobile 3G/4G technologies increase capacit

log2(1 + )

Higher

Efficiency

MoreAntennas

Create spatially separated paths

resulting in higher spectrum

efficiency (bps/Hz)

MoreSpectrum

Spectrum

Aggregation

Clear additional licensed spectrum

plus opportunistic use of

unlicensed spectrum

Aggregate contiguous and non-

contiguous radio channels for

higher data rates

Detect low-power signals with

advanced receivers and coding

techniques

Enhancing user experience through faster data rates and lower latencies

Wireless fundamentals are the foundation to this evolutio

AggregatedData Pipe

Carrier #1

Carrier #2

Carrier #3

Carrier #4


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1dat

More deviceseverything connected

Richer contentmore video

Average bestseller:

Cumulative smartphoneforecast between2013-20171

7~Billion

Movie (High Definition)5.93 GB

Movie (Standard Definition)2.49 GB

Homepage0.0014 GB

Game for Android

1.8 GB

Soundtrack0.14 GB

Book0.00091 GB

Interconnecteddevice forecastin 20202

25~Billion

1Gartner, April 2013; 2Machina Research on behalf of GSMA, Dec. 12, Note: 1000x would be reached if mobile data traffic doubled ten times, but Qualcomm does not make predictions when 1000x will happen, we work

Mobile technology evolutions to increase capacity equation will not be enough

Mobile data traffic growthindustry preparing for 1000x


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Small Cell

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

SMALL CELL

log2(1 + )

Scaling Capacity with Small CellsReusing Capacity()equation everywhere

More Small

The biggest gain reuse Shannons Law everywhere!


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Qualcomm is the leader in

seamless mobile connectivitdelivering superior

performance and technolog

leadershipWe foresee and solve the impossible wireless challenges


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Qualcomm is the leader in Mobile 3G/4G technologiesEach modem generation enhances user experience and provides more capacity

First LTEWorldMode

First LTE AdvanDL: 150 Mbps

20 MHz Carrier Ag

First HSDPADL: 1.8 Mbps

UL: 384 kbps

Higher Order Modulation

First HSUPADL: 7.2 Mbps

UL: 5.76 Mbps

Enhanced Uplink Channel

First IntegratedLTE

Smartphone

First HSPA+DL: 28 Mbps

UL: 5.76 MbpsHigher Order Modulation

2 x 2 MIMO

First DC-HSPA+DL: 42 Mbps

UL: 11 Mbps

Carrier Aggregation

First Integrated LTE MultimodeDL: 100 Mbps

Higher efficiency (LTE)

2 x 2 MIMO

Support for 3G and 4G technologies

Increasing

UserExperience

Qualcomm Gobi is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

1November 20, 2013: Qualcomm Technologies Announces Fourth-Generation 3G/LTE Multimode Modem - First Commercial Solution to Offer Global 4G LTE Advanced 40 MHz Carrier Aggregation for CAT6 FDD and T


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1Mobile is the largest technologyplatform in the world, enablingbroadband internet accessanywhere

Wireless is the foundation to mobile broadband

3

Qualcomm is thMobile 3G/4G. solve the imposchallenges.

42Mobile broadband is anamazing technical achievement,critical to the mobile userexperience

Wireless fundamfoundation to mpowered by Mobtechnologies


33/33

For more information on Qualcomm, visit us at:

www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog

2013 QUALCOMM Incorporated and/or its subsidiaries. All Rights Reserved.

Qualcomm is a trademark of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries.

Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.

References in this presentation to Qualcomm may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsi diaries or business

units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable.

Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomms licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Te chnologies, Inc., a

wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomms enginee ring, research and

development functions, and substantially all of its product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QMC.

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The Magic of Mobile Broadband Wireless Fundamentals