The lecture rooms contains specimens of the official drugs

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The lecture rooms contains specimens of the official drugs and chemicals for student use, displays of alkaloids; biological products and pharmaceutical preparations; and the lecture desks are supplied with the necessary apparatus for demonstrating all the common processes.

The laboratories are supplied with the following apparatus: Pill, tablet and suppository machines, drug mills, accurate sieves, hydrometers, specific gravity apparatus, centrifuge, blast lamps, tincture presses, nitrometers, counter, dispensing and analytical balances; microscopes and accessories for powdered drug and urinalysis work and a balopticon for use in pharmacognosy and prescription practice.

The stock room is supplied with official and non-official drugs; chemicals, fixed and volatile oils, reagents, and large and small apparatus which are furnished to students' upon requisition.

The following pharmacy magazines and journals are found in the department and are for student use: Americal Journal of Pharmacy, Apotheker Zeitung, New Idea, North Western Druggist, Western Druggist, Modern Pharmacist, Bulletin of Pharmacy, Druggists’ Circular, Merck’s' Report, Meyer Brothers’ Druggist, Pharmaceutical Era, Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, Joural of the National Association of Retail Druggists, and sets of bound volumes of the majority of these journals dating back a number of years, as’ well as other literature valuable to pharmacy students.

The department is amply supplied with the latest standard text and reference works.

Donations of a pharmaceutical character are always gratefully received and those who are about to destroy old books, especially pharmacopoeias, dispensatories and formularies, back volumes of pharmacy journals, pictures, papers or articles relating to early Montana pharmacy or pharmacists are reminded that the department can preserve and make use of such material. New, old or unique apparatus, odd or extraordinary samples of drugs, pharmaceutical chemicals and preparations' are

^solicited for display.

D E S C R IP T IO N O F W O R K IN P H A R M A C Y

11. Introductory Pharmacy.

This course consists of a study of the authoritative guides; the theory in the use of the common apparatus and processes'

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used in pharmacy; together with practical laboratory training in the use of this apparatus and these processes. Lectures and recitations, 3; laboratory, 1. I, 4.

12. Pharmaceutical Arithmetic.

Two hours per week devoted to the study of the principles’ of pharmaceutical arithmetic and to practical problems involving weights and measures, relationship of systems, specific gravity and specific volume, reducing and enlarging formulas, percentage solutions, concentration and dilution, alligation and thermometric scales’. Kecitations. I, 2.13. M a n u fac tu r in g Pharmacy.

A continuation of Course 11 and must be preceded by it; consisting of a thorough scientific study of the galenical preparations in the United States Pharmacopoeia and National For- mularly. These are carefully considered with regard to classification, nomenclature, mode of preparation, preservation and percentage composition. The course includes' laboratory training in the manufacture of many of these preparations, especially the typical representatives of each class of galencials, viz: waters, liquors, decoctions, infusions, syrups, mucilages, honeys, glycerites, elixirs, spirits, tinctures, wines, vinegars, fluidex- tracts, extracts, oleoresins, resins, collodions, emulsions, mixtures, pills, powders, granular effervescent salts, cerates, ointments, liniments, oleats, plasters and suppositories. Lectures and recitations, 3; laboratories, 2. II, 5.14. P h a rm aco g n o sy .

A study of the natural history and important features of crude drugs; the means of identification and selection; constituents and official names’ and synonyms. The official organic drugs and some of the commonly used non-official ones will be studied in the following order: (a) Plant drugs-rootsrhizomes, tubers, bulbs, corms, herbs’, barks, twigs, woods, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, gums, resins, balsams’, etc.; (b) Animal drugs. The student has access to the typical specimens’ in the materia medica laboratory. Lectures, recitations, and laboratory exercises. II, 3.

15 and 16. Pha rm aco p o e ia l Sa l ts .

The official organic and inorganic salts, acids and the official alkaloids, alkaloidal salts and glucosides are studied with especial reference to nomenclature, source, manufacture, phys-

251

ieal and chemical properties. Lectures and recitations. I, 3 andII, 2.17. P re sc r ip t io n Reading and Dispensing.

A technical study of all phases of the prescription, practical exercises at sight reading and in the art of extemporaneous compounding. I, 4.

18. Pow dered V egetab le Drugs .

This is a continuation of Course (14) in Pharmacognosy and follows the Botany courses, 10, 11 and 12, and consists of a study of the most important roots, barks, woods, flowers, seeds, etc.; in powdered form ; from which slides and drawings are made. The student will use the various schemes for identifying unknown specimens and will be required to verify his results by the aid of the compound microscope. The characters of powdered drugs', their substitutes and adulterants, the causes which modify their characteristics and methods of avoiding deterioration will receive special attention. 2. II, 2.

19. M a te r ia Medica; T h e ra p e u t ic s an d Toxicology.

Lectures and recitations from the viewpoint of the pharmacist upon the official and common materials used in medicine. Special attention is also given to methods of detection, antidotes and posology of the commonly used toxic remedies. II, 4.

20. D rug Analysis .

This is chiefly a practical laboratory course in the analysis and standardization of the official inorganic medicines, chemicals, organic drugs and preparations, according to the methods of the United States Pharmacopoeia. Recitations, 1; laboratory, 2. II, 3. I, 3.

21. C om m erc ia l P h a rm ac y .

This course includes a study and discussion of the plan, arrangement and development of the modern pharmacy. Such subjects as Business Economics, System and Store Service, Buying and Selling Goods, Advertising and Window Displays', Sidelines and Business Building. The course is arranged to develop the student upon the business side of the profession. Treatise on Commercial Pharmacy, O ’Connor. The Modem Pharmacist, Bruder. Reference, Drug Journals. I, 2; II, 2.

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22. S to m ac h a n d U r in e Analysis .

Two credits per week devoted to the study and estimation of the normal and pathological constituents of urine and the analysis of stomach content. Microscopic examinations will be made of urinary deposits. Text, The Urine, Stomach and Poisons, etc., Holland. Reference Examination of Urine Saxe II, 2.

The above subjects are listed in proper sequence and those precede are prerequisite for those which follow, according to the schedule of the two-year course.

L A W

P h a rm a c e u t ic a l Ju r i sp ru d e n ce .

One lecture per week covering the subjects of contracts', commercial paper and banking, agency, partnership, property, insurance. Statutory regulations for the practice of pharmacy!

I and II, 2 credits.

LATIN

P h a rm a c e u t ic a l Latin .

An elementary course in Latin grammar, with a study of Latin pharmaceutical terms. Text, Sturm er’s Pharmaceutical Latin.

I, 2 credits.

©epartment of Commerce anb Accounting

255

THE FACULTYEdwin Boone C ra ighead , LL. D. (U n iv e rs ity of M isso u ri)

D. C. L. (U n iv e rs ity of th e S o u th .)P re s id e n t.

C h a r le s C. S taeh l ing , Ph. B. (U n iv e rs ity o f C hicago)A s s is ta n t P ro fe sso r of C om m erce a n d A ccoun ting .

F red e rick C. Scheuch , M. E., A. C. (P u rd u e U n iv e rs ity )P ro fe sso r of M odern L an g u a g es .

Je sse P e r ry Rowe, Ph. D. (U n iv e rs ity of N e b ra sk a )P ro fe sso r o f Geology.

Joseph H ard in g U nderwood, Ph. D., LL. D. (C o lum bia U n iv e rs ity ) P ro fe ss o r of H is to ry a n d E conom ics.

George F u l lm er Reynolds, Ph. D. (U n iv e rs ity of C hicago)P ro fe ss o r of E n g lish a n d R h e to ric .

W illiam W ebb Kemp, Ph. D. (C o lu m b ia U n iv e rs ity )P ro fe sso r o f E d u ca tio n .

T h a d d e u s L. Bolton, Ph. D. (C la rk U n iv e rs ity )P ro fe sso r of P sycho logy .

E ugene F. A. Carey , B. S. (U n iv e rs ity o f C a lifo rn ia)A ss is ta n t P ro fe sso r of M a th em atics .

Pau l C h r is le r Phillips, Ph. D. (U n iv e rs ity o f Illin o is)A s s is ta n t P ro fe s s o r of H is to ry .

W. W a l te r H. M usta ine , B. S. (C e n tre C ollege of K e n tu ck y )D ire c to r of P h y s ic a l E d u ca tio n .

Alice W. MacLeod, B. S. (Oregon A g r icu l tu ra l College), B. O. (C um nockSchool of O ra to ry .)

In s t ru c to r in P u b lic S p eak in g .

N. J. Lennes, Ph. D. (U n iv e rs ity of C hicago)P ro fe sso r o f M a th em atics .

H. A. T rex ler , Ph. D. ( Jo h n s H o p k in s U n iv e rs ity )A s s is ta n t P ro fe ss o r o f P o litic a l E conom y.

Carl Holliday, M. A., (U n iv e rs ity of T en n e ssee ), L ITT. D. (C am pbe l l) A s s is ta n t P ro fe s s o r of Etnglish.

George R. Coffm an , Ph. D. (U n iv e rs ity of C hicago)A s s is ta n t P ro fe s s o r o f E n g lish .

Leslie J. Ayer, B. S., J . D. (U n iv e rs ity of C hicago)P ro fe s s o r o f L aw .

C h a r le s W ill iam L ea p h a r t , A. M., LL. B. (H a rv a rd )P ro fe ss o r o f L aw .

S tep h en I. L angm aid , A. M., LL. B. (H a rv a rd )P ro fe sso r of L aw .

H en ry Haxo, Ph. D. (U n iv e rs ity o f C hicago)A ss is ta n t P ro fe sso r of R o m an ic L an g u ag es .

A r th u r W. O’Rourke, B. A. (U n iv e rs ity of M o n ta n a)A s s is ta n t in C om m erce a n d A ccoun ting .

256

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND ACCOUNTING

The Department of Commerce and Accounting was established in the University of Montana in response to a great and growing demand for preparation and thorough training for general and specific business careers. The University believes that it ought to serve the community with the greatest possible efficiency and is ready to take the necessary steps to keep in the front ranks of progressive movements.

The work of the department is founded on the principle that through a thorough study of business methods and the underlying principles of industry and economic progress, a student may acquire not only a decidedly practical knowledge, through which he can make himself economically productive, but gain a habit of thought, a mental development that will enable him to think logically and accurately on problems that confront him in his life’s career.

E N T R A N C E R E Q U IR E M E N T S

In general the admission requirements for work in the Department of Commerce and Accounting are the same as for any other department. I t is suggested, however, that entering students include in their preparation four years of English and Mathematics and at least two years of Science, History and Modern Language, and have a good foundation of Commercial Arithmetic and Bookkeeping.

In case students offer for admission subjects equivalent to the beginning subjects' in the outline of required work for the first and second years, especially in Accounting and Modern Languages, they will continue such work with the course next in order, provided such students are able to do so advantageously. Adjustments and substitutions may be made only with the consent of the head of the department.

F E E S AND D E P O S IT S

In addition to the annual matriculation and incidental fees required of all students upon registration, students in typewriting are required to pay a laboratory fee of fifty cents for the

257

year. This fee is intended to cover the expenses of supplies for and repairs' on typewriters.

LIB R A R Y

Students in the Department of Commerce and Accounting are fortunate in having at their disposal excellent library facilities for reference work. Standard works covering the general field and the best authoritative productions by specialists on various particular phases of Commerce and Accounting are among the volumes to which students’ have free access. The magazines of business and the accounting journals represented, offer the best in the field of current literature on general and special commercial subjects.

I t is recognized that excellent library facilities are indispensable to the progress of the department and every effort will be made to develop this phase of the equipment, and to offer the student every advantage possible for efficient work.

V O C A T IO N A L GU ID A N C E

The Bureau of Vocational Guidance, conducted by the department of Commerce and Accounting, exists for the sole benefit of the students who wish to take advantage of its assistance. The purpose of this organization is to assist students in the study of their personal characteristics', natural abilities, interests and special aptitudes in order to properly determine their particular qualifications and fitness, and to guide them in the selection of the career for which they are best adapted. The bureau also offers assistance in planning courses' and in the selection of the subjects offering the most valuable preparation for the chosen vocation.

In addition to this, the Bureau of Vocational Guidance assists in securing for worthy candidates positions for which they are properly fitted. I t keeps in touch with the commercial world, its progress and future tendencies and has on file information concerning the available openings and data pertaining to conditions and remunerations, and qualifications necessary to properly fill such positions. The aim of the bureau is to promote efficiency and to render to the University and the community the most practical service possible.

C O U R SE O F ST U D Y

The course of study as outlined compares favorably with that of other universities of national reputation, and is planned

258

with the idea of giving the student the most thorough training in principle and theory, and, in addition, the necessary practical work to emphasize and apply these principles effectively.

The course extends through a period of four years and like other departments in the University, requires a minimum of 122 credit hours for graduation.

PLAN OF OR GANIZATION

The subjects, as outlined, are designed to prepare for one of several particular fields of work, thus allowing a student considerable range of choice, not only in selecting a career, but in the selection of particular subjects that seem especially applicable to the phase of commercial activity that he has chosen.

I t is regarded as absolutely essential that a broad foundation be laid before the work of specialization is begun. For this' reason the first two years of the course are mainly required. Suggested courses from the departments of English, Law, French, German or Spanish, Mathematics, Political Science, History, Economics, Geography, Physics, or Chemistry and others, correlated with various commercial subjects, form the basis of this foundational work. During the last two years the special line of work for which the student seems most adapted is carefully pursued. These groups are Accountancy, Public Service, Secretarial Work, General Business or Commercial Teaching. In the last named field certain courses in Psychology and Education are required, upon completion of which the University certificate to teach is granted. The degree of B. S. in Economics is given upon graduation.

G R O U P A R R A N G E M E N T OF E L E C T IV E S

The arrangement of subjects in the groups named above is made on the basis of the special adaptability and bearing of subjects upon particular phases of commercial life. While this is not absolute, and can, when conditions demand, be adjusted to serve the special purpose of the individual student, it is suggested that the electives be chosen wisely and carefully, and with particular emphasis upon the value of the subject in its relation to the career for which it is' intended to prepare. These selections should be made with the advice of the head of the department. Subjects may be chosen from any group to make up the total number of credits necessary for graduation.

259

C O U R SE P L A N S

I t is recommended that third-year students make an effort to decide as definitely as possible the career they wish to follow, and then, with the assistance of the adviser, prepare an outline containing the subjects that apply particularly to that phase of work. This outline should be followed carefully; for by so doing, irregularities may be reduced to a minimum and the work pursued to the best advantage.

AC C O U N T A N C Y

Accountancy as a profession offers many and varied opportunities. Experts are more in demand today than ever before, and this is true particularly of public accounting. The increased number and the rapid growth of large commercial organizations are enlarging the field for the accountant, auditor and business manager and offering inducement for the clerks and bookkeepers to f it themselves for promotion. In the first year of the course in accounting the student receives a thorough preparation in fundamental principles which are applied and made real by the practical work required in addition. Later, accounting principles are applied to various lines of business, special fields and problems. This advanced work is designed to prepare the student for the examination for a certificate as Certified Public Accountant and to enter the professional field.

G E N E R A L B U S IN E S S

The courses in commerce are outlined to be of practical value, to those who plan a general business career. A thorough preparation is given in economic principles of production, transportation, manufacturing and distribution of products and the various problems that accompany these processes. Efficiency and elimination of waste are carefully emphasized. The marketing problem, with its salesmanship and advertising phases, the methods of making collections and the application of credit systems are made a very important part of the course. The subjects in this course are selected from the various groups according to their particular adaptability and value.

PU B L IC S E R V IC E

Every properly trained business man ought to be f amiliar with the general functions of government and the relations of government to business activities. The department of Commerce

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and Accounting endeavors to train people not only to take an interest in politics and government affairs, but to prepare for active service in city, state and federal governmental work. There is a great demand for properly trained men in this growing field and the opportunities offered are excellent.

S E C R E T A R IA L D U T IE S

Secretaryship as* a profession is being developed very rapidly in this country as a response to a great demand from large corporation managers and executives, for men with the proper training in business organization, methods and business practice. There is a dearth of good private secretaries1 and the opportunities in this field are practically unlimited. People in these positions come in direct contact with the very heart of the business and in personal touch with the directors and managers. This phase of our work is being particularly emphasized for it is a step in advance into a new field of opportunity, especially for the progressive type of student.

C O M M E R C IA L T E A C H IN G

There is a great demand for properly trained people as instructors of commercial subjects. The commercial department is a very prominent part of the curriculum of nearly every high school and college, and the demand for teachers of this1 work far exceeds the supply. I t is practically a new field and the opportunities for advancement are extremely encouraging. The University offers excellent facilities for preparation in this work, not only with reference to subject matter, but the professional training available in the Department of Education and Psychology.

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OUTLINE OF COURSESR E Q U IR E D W O R K

F IR S T Y E A RF IR S T S E M E S T E R

C ourse C red -SE C O N D S E M E S T E R

C ourse C red -No. its .

E conom ics ............................1 0 3Com. a n d Ind. G eo g rap h y .... 2A c co u n tin g ..........................1 1 3E n g lish 1 1 3H is to ry .................................. 14 3G erm an , F re n c h , Spanish .... 3P h y s ic a l E d u c a tio n ............ y2

No.E conom ics ............. 1 1Com. a n d Ind. G eo g rap h y ....A cco u n tin g ..........................12E n g lish ............................... ...12H is to ry ................................ 15G erm an, F ren ch , S p a n ish .... P h y s ic a l E d u c a tio n ............

SE C O N D Y E A R

M oney a n d B a n k in g ........ 12A c co u n tin g ..........................13E n g lish .................................. 13G erm an , F re n c h , S p a n is h ....H is to ry .................................. 20P u b lic S p e a k in g .....................C o m m ercia l L aw ............ 1P h y s ic a l E d u c a tio n ............ ..

2 B u sin ess O rganization ....253 A cco u n tin g .............................143 E n g lish ................................ ....3 G erm an , F re n c h , S p a n is h __3 H is to ry ................................. 212 P u b lic S p e a k in g .....................1 C om m erc ia l L aw ................ 2

*6 P h s ic a l E d u c a tio n ...................

its.3233

2333322

%T H IR D AN D FO U R T H Y E A R G R O U P E L E C T IV E S

D ept, a n d C o u rse No. S u b jec t. S em es te rs C red it

A C C O U N T IN G

C. a n d A 14 B an k A c co u n tin g .................................... 1 3“ 15 C ost A c co u n tin g ...................................... 2 3

16 A u d itin g ....................................................... 2 3“ 17 a n d 18 P ra c tic a l A c co u n tin g S y s te m s.......... 2 3“ 19 “ 20 C. P . A. C o u rse ........................................ 2 3“ 2 1 M u n ic ip a l A cco u n tin g ......................... 1 3

2 2 P u b lic U tili t ie s A cco u n tin g ................

PU B L IC S E R V IC E

1 3

E con. 23 a n d 24 Social a n d E conom ic P ro b lem s 2 2C. a n d A. 29 D ip lo m a tic a n d C o n su la r Service .. 1 3H is to ry 19 C o m p ara tiv e G o v ern m en ts .............. 1 3L aw M u n ic ip a l C o rp o ra tio n s ....................... 1 2E con. 17 H is to ry o f C om m erce ........................... 1 2H is to ry 1 2 A m erican G o v e rn m en t ....................... 1 2Econ. 13 P u b lic F in a n c e .......................................... 1 2H is to ry 17 S ta te a n d L o ca l G o v e rn m en t............ 1 2C. a n d A. 24 T ra n s p o rta tio n ......................................

S E C R E T A R IA L D U TIE S.

1 2

C. a n d A. 23 O ffice O rg a n iza tio n s & M an ........... 1 2“ 31 A d v e rtis in g a n d B u sin ess Cor. 1 2

M ath . 31 S ta tis t ic s ................................................... 1P sy ch . 1 1 a n d 1 2 G en era l P sy ch o lo g y .............................. 2 3

“ 16 Social P sy ch o lo g y ................................ 1 2L aw C o rp o ra tio n s ............................................... 3 3E con . 2 1 a n d 2 2 Sociology ................................................... 2 2C. a n d A. 30 A m erican B u sin ess M e th o d s............ 1 2C. a n d A. 33 C o rp o ra tio n F in a n ce ........................... 2 2C. a n d A. 34 a n d 35 S te n o g ra p h y ............................................... 2 3C. a n d A. 37 a n d 38 T y p ew ritin g ............................................... 2 2

262

G E N E R A L B U S IN E SS .

C. a n d A. 27 In v e s tm e n ts ................................................ 2 2L aw C o n tra c ts .... ................................................... 3 3E con. 20 L ab o r P ro b lem s ....................................... 2 2E con. 15 T ru s t P ro b lem .......................................... 1 2C. a n d A. 26 S a lesm an sh ip ........................................... 1 2C. a n d A. 28 In su ra n c e ..................................................... 1 2M ath . 32 M a th em a tic s o f In su ra n c e .................. 1L aw B a ilm en ts a n d C a rr ie rs ........................ 1 3L aw N eg o tiab le In s tru m e n ts ....................... 1 3C. a n d A. 32 C red its a n d C o llec tio n s 1 2

C OM M ER C IAL T E A C H IN G .

C. a n d A. 39 T h eo ry a n d M ethods in Com. W o rk 1 2P sy ch . 11 a n d 12 P sy ch o lo g y ........................................................... 2 3Ed. 11 H is to ry of E d u ca tio n ..— 1 4E d. 12 P rin c ip le s of E d u c a tio n ......................... 1 2Ed. 14 E d u c a tio n a l P sy ch o lo g y 1 2E d . 17 School H y g ien e ........................................ 1 2Ed. 15 H ig h School 1 3E d. 16 O b serv a tio n W o rk 1 4

DESCRIPTION OF COURSESA C C O U N T IN G

11. E le m en ta ry A ccounting .

This course involves the theory of debits and credits, posting, perparation of trial balances, financial statements, closing the ledger, special books of original entry, the bank account, cash proof, commercial papers, the bill book, opening and closing of double entry books. Practical sets of transactions representing a proprietary business, and later a retail partnership are used to illustrate the principles brought out in this course. Students are required to record these transactions in blank books’ accompanying the text.

One semester. Time to be arranged. Three credit hours.

12. W holesa le P a r tn e r s h ip Accounting .

A knowledge of bookkeeping is presupposed in this course. I t covers the methods of procedure in taking in a partner, articles of co-partnership, adjustment of interest between the partners, the dissolution of partnership, use of auxiliary ledgers, special column cash book and journal, suspense account, and controlling accounts. The student is required to record practical transactions in a set of books and handle the business paper involved.


263

13. C orpora t ion A ccounting .

This course involves the study of the organization and management of corporations; special accounts and books used in corporation accounting; classification and methods of issuing, transferring and cancelling stock; opening corporation books; classification and interpretation of accounts1; significance of various items represented in the statement; dividends; reserve fu n d ; depreciation and surplus; voucher system. In addition to a regular set of business transactions which the student is required to enter in blank books, reference and papers on special topics are assigned.


14. B an k A ccounting .

This course presupposes a knowledge of bookkeeping and involves a study of the organization and management of banks, emphasizing the national bank particularly. Methods of accounting forms and books used in various departments of the national bank are carefully considered. Banking customs and various’ details in the routine of the banking business, bringing out,the interdependence and the close relation existing between the departments, are emphasized. A set of transactions representing the actual business of a national bank, involving the duties, forms and records of the various clerks in the organization, is’ entered in blanks especially prepared for the purpose. These are then properly closed and a financial statement rendered.

One semester. Time to be arranged. Three credit hours.15. Cost Accounting .

This course takes up that phase of accountancy concerned in the determination and recording of the actual cost of manufacturing article or product. Emphasis is placed upon the elements and principles concerned in the cost of m aterial; labor and factory expense; the classification of accounts under cost system; the cost formula; advantages of the cost system; distribution of indirect expenses', wage systems; cost methods of manufacturing accounts; manufacturing statements; forms. A set of business transactions covering the work of a manufacturing concern for a period of time is used to illustrate the principles set forth, and the special problems are given to emphasize certain important elements.

Both semesters. Time to be arranged. Three credit hours.

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16. A uditing.

This course deals with the qualifications, duties and responsibilities of a public auditor and the proper method of procedure in conducting an audit. The various details' involved are carefully considered. The methods of detecting errors and the remedial steps toward removing the possibilities of fraud are discussed. The writing of reports and statements of financial condition is emphasized.


17 an d 18. P ra c t ica l A ccounting Sys tem s.

This is a study of the systems' used in various business organizations and the principles' underlying them. The essential points in the details involved in planning, preparing and installing a system are carefully studied. Lectures and investigations are supplemented by practical problems, which are intended to develop originality and discrimination, and lend an opportunity to apply the principles.

Both semesters'. Time to be arranged. Three credit hours.

19 & 20. C. P. A. Course.

This course covers the general field of accounting, placing special attention npon the requirements for C. P. A. examination. Practical accounting problems from various lines of business are taken up and papers on special topics are assigned. Open to students who have had Accounting 11, 12, 13, 15 and 16.


21. Municipal Accounting .

This course deals with the forms, methods and systems of keeping the records in various departments of municipal organizations. In the course of lectures and class discussions', accounting forms of various cities and public institutions are used as models. Consideration is also given to city budget making.


22. Public U ti l i t ies A ccounting .

This course aims to cover methods of accounting in various public service organizations such as railroads, electric light and power companies. Reports of various organizations are analyzed with reference to sources of income, expense, capital, revenue, statistics, liabilities, securities and the method of accounting

265

connected with each. Accounting 11, 12 and 13 are required for this course.

One semester. Time to be arranged. Three credit horns.

CO M M E R C E _

23. O ff ic iT O rgan iza t ion and M anagem en t .

This is a study of the principles underlying the organization and management of office forces and touches upon the following subjects: The physical offices, equipment, heating, lighting and ventilation; office employes, their selection, training and salaries; office appliances, mechanical aids in office work, relation between manager and employes, salary plans, enthusiasm, human touch, welfare work; office records and systems, correspondence filing, order systems, credits, collections, advertising, and sales, purchasing and handling supplies. Sociology and Psychology should precede this course. In addition to lectures, students are required to write papers on assigned topics.

One semester. Time to be arranged. Two credit hours.

24. T ra n s p o r ta t io n .

This course takes up a brief survey of the development of transportation as to routes, source of commodities, and facilities. Development of railroad traffic, relation of water to rail transportation, and methods of handling freight. Later a study of tariffs, classification of shipments and special rates, and the basis of determining the rate system. Relation of government to transportation. Interstate Commerce Commission; Freight Rate Commission.


25. B usiness O rgan iza t ion .

Financial institutions, savings banks, trust companies, building associations, insurance, etc.; corporations, organization and problems, as capitalization, bonding, reserves, monopoly; stock exchanges, brokerage, speculation; legislation and reform ; investments.

F irst semester; 2 credit hours.

26. Sa lesm an sh ip .

This course presents the theory and principles underlying the problems of salesmanship. Methods of analyzing territory, market and goods; selling argument, methods of presentation, planning canvasses, meeting prospects; objections and organiza

266

tion of selling force together with other details are covered. This study is supplemented by practical work on the part o£ the students.


27. Inves tm en ts .

This is a study of the general laws, nature and methods’ of investment with reference to various forms of values. The influence of speculation on investment is considered and the various securities, such as’ railway and other corporation stocks, bonds, mortgages on real estate, public service securities, and municipal bonds are compared and studied from the investment point of view.

Both semesters. Time to be arranged. Two credit hours’.

28. Insurance .

In this course the general principles of insurance are first studied. Later the application of these principles is taken up with reference to the various phases of insurance, life, fire, casualty, accident, marine, fidelity, liability, etc., and the conditions connected with them. The nature of the policies of various companies, and the basis of estimating the premiums are considered.


29. D iplomatic & C o n su la r Service.

This study is introduced by a brief history of Consuls and Consular Service in the United States and the countries of Europe. The organization of the United States Consular Service, consular appointments, preparation for consular duties both here and at the post, diplomatic functions of officers, consular reports, relation of consular officers to judicial and commercial affairs are carefully treated. In general it touches upon the qualifications, duties and opportunities in consular work.


30. A m erican Business Methods.

This is a study of the most modern and efficient methods of record now in use in the representative business enterprises of our country. I t treats of the following subjects: the credit man’s department, and the various ways of making collections; the corporation secretary and his' duties in every phase of corporate routine; the filing department, and the methods of index

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ing, filing, and tracing; the m anufacturer’s department, and the cost methods for the various lines of manufacturing enterprises, payroll systems, depreciation and shop orders; the purchasing department, voucher system, the purchasing agent’s order system; the sales department, m anufacturer’s orders, order filing systems, mail orders, card systems; the stores department, perpetual inventories, business enterprises; retail and general stores, departmentalization of general stores. This work is introduced by a study of the use and efficiency of business papers and the various legal documents that apply to business affairs.


31. A dvert is ing and Business Correspondence .

This course presents the fundamental principles of advertising, its place and relation to the business, methods and mediums' of display. Some individual work in advertising problems is expected in connection with the class discussions. About half the semester’s work is devoted to the subject of business correspondence, the purpose of which is to drill students in the proper use of effective expression applied to business affairs. Special attention is placed upon the various forms of business correspondence with reference to composition and purpose.

One semester. Time to be arranged. Two hours credit.

32. C red its and Collections.

This is a practical study of the factors involved in the granting of credit and the methods of obtaining satisfactory information from various sources. Methods of collections are carefully considered. Credit organizations are studied and analyzed and the routine of the credit and collection departments of certain lines of business are investigated.


33. C orpora t ion F inance .

The principal elements under consideration in this course a re : form, legal status and organization of the corporation; how and where to incorporate; stock and sources of corporate funds; promoting the new enterprise; consolidations; securities; Wall Street m arket; investment of funds; surplus and its manipulation ; receiverships; reorganization. Some of the larger corporations will be studied as typical examples of principles brought out in the course.

Two semesters. Time to be arranged. Two credit hours.

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34. E le m en ta ry S ten o g rap h y .

The purpose of the course is to master the principles of Gregg shorthand. A careful study is made of consonants, vowels, and their combinations, phrasing, word signs, compound words, abbreviations, prefixes, affixes and the development of vocabulary. Special emphasis is placed upon accuracy and legibility. Sufficient work in dictation is given to put into practice all the principles involved in the course.

One semester. Time to be arranged. Three credit hours.35. Advanced S ten o g rap h y .

This course takes up a review of advanced phrasing and some of the abbreviation principles as an introduction. Dictation from various lines of business is given for the purpose of developing a large working vocabulary, drill in writing unfamiliar words, accuracy of outline, application of principles and speed. Considerable time is devoted to the reading of shorthand for the purpose of developing accurate and rapid interpretation.

One semester. Time to be arranged. Three hours credit.36. C o u r t Reporting .

This is an advanced course in stenography and presupposes a thorough knowledge of the principles of shorthand and considerable skill in taking dictation. In this course, advanced phrasing and combinations and vocabulary peculiar to such legal work as jury charges and testimony are emphasized. Considerable attention is paid to the transcript from the point of view of form and accuracy. As far as practicable, members of the class take the testimony given in the Practice Court in the Law School for experience.

One semester. Time to be arranged. Three credit hours.37. E le m en ta ry T y p ew ri t in g .

The chief object of this course is to master the keyboard thoroughly and to develop uniformity of touch and accuracy. The absolute necessity of careful mental direction in the development of proper co-ordinations and correct habits is emphasized and constructive suggestions are regularly given.

One semester. Time to be arranged. Two credit hours.38. A dvanced T y p ew ri t in g .

In this course the transcription of shorthand notes, proper use of the mechanical devices on the machine, carbon copies, stencil work, tabulation, legal forms' and other miscellaneous

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activities connected with stenographic work are emphasized. From time to time suggestions as to the proper care of the machine and the adjustment of the working mechanism are given.


39. Theory and Methods in Commercial Teaching.

This course is intended for those who are preparing for the teaching of commercial subjects. I t involves a study of the psychology, methods of presentation and problems peculiar to the subject of shorthand, typewriting and penmanship. The details involved in the organization, course of study and equipment of commercial departments are discussed carefully. In addition to the lectures and class’ discussions, papers on assigned topics are required. General Psychology and Educational Psychology are prerequisites for this course.


CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANCY

Chapter 39 of the Session Laws of 1909 provided for the regulation of the practice of public accounting in Montana. The State University administers this law and issues certificates of competency to any person who:(1) Is a c itizen of th e U n ited S ta te s o r w ho h a s in good f a i th a n d

in th e m a n n e r re q u ire d by law d ec la red h is in te n tio n of so becom ing ;

(2) Is o f th e ag e of 21 y e a rs ;(3) Is of good m o ra l c h a ra c te r ;(4) Is a g ra d u a te of a n a c c re d ite d H ig h School o r h a s h a d a n e q u iv a

le n t ed u ca tio n ;(5) H a s h a d th re e y e a rs ’ p ra c t ic a l ex p erien ce in a c c o u n tin g a cq u ired

in p ra c tic e on h is ow n acco u n t, o r in th e o ffice of a pu b lica c c o u n ta n t, o r in a re sp o n sib le a c c o u n tin g p o sitio n in th e em ploy of a b u s in ess c o rp o ra tio n , f irm o r in d iv id u a l;

(6) H a s su c c ess fu lly p a sse d c e r ta in w r i t te n a n d o ra l e x am in a tio n sp re sc rib e d by th e law , or

(7) Is e x em p t u n d e r th e sec tio n of th e law a p p licab le to p e rso n s h a v in g c e r tif ic a te s o f o th e r s ta te s o r c o u n trie s , o r u n d e r th e te m p o ra ry p ro v isio n fo r th e ex em p tio n of ex p erien ced a c c o u n ta n ts a lre a d y p ra c tic in g in th e S ta te ; a n d

(8) H a s p a id in ad v an c e th e fee of tw e n ty -f iv e d o lla rs, a s p re sc rib e db y th e law .

T h e ab o v e m en tio n ed ex am in a tio n s a re h e ld a t le a s t once each y e a r in D ecem ber, o r se m i-a n n u a lly in J u n e a n d D ecem ber, a n d a t le a s t th i r ty d a y s’ n o tice o f th e tim e a n d p lace of h o ld in g is g iven by a d v e rtis e m e n t in th re e re p re se n ta t iv e d a ily n e w sp a p e rs o f th e s ta te .

C a n d id a tes fo r th e e x am in a tio n s m ay o b ta in c irc u la rs of in fo rm a tio n a n d a p p lic a tio n b lan k s fro m th e U n iv e rs ity o r fro m a n y m em b er of th e B o a rd of E x am in ers .

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T h e ap p lic a tio n b la n k m u s t be filled o u t in th e c a n d id a te ’s own handw riting- a n d sig n ed a n d sw o rn to by th e c a n d id a te in th e p re sen ce of som eone a u th o riz e d u n d e r th e law s of M o n ta n a to a d m in is te r a n oa th , an d , to g e th e r w ith a b a n k d r a f t o r m oney o rd e r fo r tw e n ty -f iv e ($25.00) d o lla rs, p ay ab le to “U n iv e rs ity o f M o n tan a ,” be m ailed to th e U n iv e rs ity a t M issoula.

I f th e U n iv e rs ity a p p ro v es th e a p p lic a tio n th e c an d id a te w ill r e ceive a c a rd o f ad m iss io n to t h e »ex am in a tio n , a n d if he su cceed s in p a ss in g th e e x am in a tio n he w ill in du e co u rse rece iv e a c e rtif ic a te .

I f th e U n iv e rs ity does n o t a p p ro v e th e a p p lica tio n , th e c an d id a te w ill be du ly n o tif ie d o f th a t fa c t a n d th e fee w ill be re tu rn e d .

In no e v en t w ill th e fee of tw e n ty -f iv e ($25.00) d o lla rs be re tu rn e d to th e a p p lic a n t a f te r h is a p p lic a tio n h a s been ap p roved , b u t a n y c a n d id a te fa ilin g to p a ss th e ex am in a tio n is e n tit le d to ta k e a n y one s u b se q u e n t ex am in a tio n w ith o u t p a y m e n t o f a second fee.

To in su re co n sid era tio n , a p p lic a tio n s sh o u ld be in th e h a n d s of th e U n iv e rs ity a t le a s t tw o w eeks b e fo re th e d a te se t fo r th e e x am in a tio n .

T h e p ro v isio n s o f th e law a re c a rr ie d o u t b y :(a ) A U n iv e rs ity C o m m ittee on A cco u n tan cy — c o n sis tin g o f P ro fe sso rs

A. N. W h itlo ck a n d C. C. S ta e h lin g a n d R e g is tra r J . D. D u n lop.

(b) A B o a rd of E x a m in e rs—c o n s is tin g of th re e c e rtif ie d pub lica c c o u n ta n ts of th e S ta te of M o n tan a , a p p o in te d by th e P re s i d e n t o f th e U n iv e rs ity . T h e m em b ers of th e p re se n t b o a rd a re J. C. P h illip s , W . D. M angam , a n d D onald A r th u r (S e c re ta ry ) , of B u tte .

T he law p ro v id es fo r th e re v o ca tio n of c e r tif ic a te s fo r u n p ro fe s sio n a l co n d u ct o r o th e r su ff ic ie n t cau se a n d fo r th e p u n ish m e n t of a n y p e rso n fa lse ly re p re se n tin g h im se lf a s b e in g a C e rtified P u b lic A cc o u n ta n t o r a s h o ld in g su c h a c e rtif ic a te .

Q U A L IF IC A T IO N S FO R E X A M IN A T IO N S

T he follow ing1 q u a lif ic a tio n s sh o u ld in su re th e su ccess fu l p a ss in g of th e e x am in a tio n s :(1) A good m a th e m a tic a l fo u n d a tio n .(2) A co m p reh en siv e know ledge of bookkeeping.(3) A k n o w ledge of th e fu n d a m e n ta l p rin c ip les of co m m erc ia l law

a n d th e ru le s o f evidence.(4) A know ledge to b u sin ess o rg a n iz a tio n a n d m an ag em en t.(5) A b ility to sp eak a n d to w rite th e E n g lish lan g u a g e c lea rly a n d

concisely .(6) F a m ilia r i ty w ith th e th e o ry a n d p ra c tic e o f a n a ly tic a l a cc o u n tin g .(7) F a m ilia r i ty w ith th e th e o ry a n d p ra c tic e of c o n s tru c tiv e a c

coun ting .(8) A know ledge o f th e su b je c ts o f co m m erc ia l a r ith m e tic , co m m erc ia l

geo g rap h y , in d u s tr ia l h is to ry , b u sin ess e th ic s a n d th e e lem en ts of c o n s titu tio n a l law .

(9) T h e p e rso n a l q u a lif ica tio n s o f in te g rity , b u sin ess acu m en a n dlog ica l reaso n in g .

A P P L IC A T IO N S U N D E R T H E W A IV E R C L A U S E

T h e law (S ec tio n 4) ex em p ts fro m ex am in a tio n th e fo llow ing a p p lic a n ts :

F irs t , th o se w ho ho ld c e r tif ic a te s a s “C ertified P u b lic A c c o u n ta n t” in a n o th e r s ta te ex te n d in g like p riv ileg e to th is s ta te ; p rov ided , th a t in th e op in ion of th e B o a rd of E x am in e rs th e re q u ire m e n ts fo r su c h c e r tif ic a te s a re e q u iv a len t to th e re q u ire m e n ts in th is s ta te .

Second, th o se h o ld in g s im ila r c e r tif ic a te s o f a n o th e r co u n try , th e re q u ire m e n ts fo r w h ich a re e q u iv a len t to th o se in th is s ta te ; p rov ided , t h a t th e a p p lic a n t is e ith e r a c itizen o r h a s d ec la red h is in te n tio n to becom e such .

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T h ird , p e rso n s of a t le a s t tw e n ty -f iv e y e a rs of age, w hose q u a lif ica tio n s w e re eq u al to th o se p re sc rib e d fo r a p p lic a n ts fo r ex am in atio n , w ho w ere k n o w n to th e B o ard of E x a m in e rs a s co m p e ten t a n d sk illed a c c o u n ta n ts ; p rov ided , th e y ap p lied fo r c e r tif ic a te s w ith in one h u n d re d a n d e ig h ty d a y s a f te r th e p a ssa g e of th e ac t.

A p p lica n ts u n d e r a n y of th ese p ro v isio n s m ay o b ta in b lan k s from th e U n iv e rs ity o r th e B o a rd of E x a m in e rs a n d m u s t p ay th e fee of tw e n ty -f iv e d o lla rs a s p rescrib ed . T h ese a p p lic a tio n s w ill toe a c te d upon in th e sam e m a n n e r a s th o se fo r ex am in a tio n .

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