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The Last Week Of Jesus' Life
Submitted by Peter Forbes - May 1999
A Summary Of The Week
This study will review the events of the last week of Jesus' life. The weekcommenced with Jesus' arrival in Bethany six days efore the !assover.
This summary of the related "assa#es for each day will "rovide a useful readyreference for notin# the "arallel "assa#es and is used as the asis for the rest
of the study.
Six $ays Before The !assover
Matthew Mark Luke John
12:1
%ive $ays Before The !assover
Matthew Mark Luke John
21:1-11 11:1-10 19:29-44 12:12-19
%our $ays Before The !assover Matthew Mark Luke John
21:18-19 11:11-18 19:4-48 12:20-!"
Three $ays Before The !assover
Matthew Mark Luke John
21:18-2:4" 11:20-1!:!# 20:1-21:!"
Two $ays Before The !assover
Matthew Mark Luke John
2":1-1" 14:1-11 22:1-! 12:2-8
One $ay Before The !assover
Matthew Mark Luke John
2":1#-" 14:12-2 22:#-! 1!:1-18:12
The summary detailed elow records the days efore the !assover and theevents recorded in the &os"els that took "lace on each day. The "arallel
accounts of the same event in each &os"el will hel" to clarify the details of theevents of the week. The time of the day when the event took "lace and the
location where the event took "lace are also included where "ossile. t is not"ossile( with some of the events( to e certain exactly what time of day or
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where an event took "lace. )owever in such cases an 'educated #uess' haseen made.
The o*ective of the overview in the summary is to "rovide a workin#framework of the events of the week that will enhance our studies and make it
easier for us to visualise the flow of events.
Six $ays Before The !assover
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day !lace
Jesus arri$es in %ethany
12:1 a&ternoon %ethany
%ive $ays Before The !assover
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day !lace
'rium(ha) entry into Jerusa)em 21:1-11 11:1-10 19:29-44 12:12-19 Mornin* +utsideJerusa)em
Jesus we(t o$er Jerusa)em
19:41
Jesus )ooks round 11:11
'em()e
,eturns to %ethany with disi()es
11:11
.$enin* %ethany
%our $ays Before the !assover /
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day !lace
Jesus urses the barren &i* tree 21:18-19 11:11-18
Mornin* Mt o& +)i$es
)eansin* o& the tem()e 21:12-1! 11:1-18 19:4-48
'em()e
Some reeks desire to see Jesus
12:20-!"
'em()e
Jesus res(onds to unbe)ie& o& therowd
12:!#-0
'em()e
'hey return to %ethany
11:19
.$enin* %ethany
Three $ays Before the !assover
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day !lace
'he disi()es see the withered &i* tree 21:18-22 11:20-2"
mornin* Mt o& +)i$es
Priests 3uestion Jesus authority 21:2!-2# 11:2#-!! 20:1-8
'em()e
hih son did his &athers wi))5 21:28-!2
'em()e
Parab)e o& the $ineyard 21:!!-4" 12:1-12 20:9-19
'em()e
Parab)e o& the weddin* ban3uet 22:1-14
'em()e
Payin* ta6es to aesar 22:1-22 12:1!-1# 20:20-2"
'em()e
Sadduees 3uestion aboutresurretion
22:2!-!! 12:18-2# 20:2#-40
'em()e
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hih is the *reat ommandment5 22:!-40
'em()e
hih is the &irst ommandment5
12:28-!4
'em()e
hose son is hrist5 22:41-4" 12:!-!# 20:41-44
'em()e
oe unto you /// hy(orites 2!:1-!9 12:!8-40 20:4-4#
'em()e
'he (oor widows *i&t
12:41-44 21:1-4
)ate (/m/5 'reasury
7'he +)i$et (ro(hey 24:1-!" 1!:1-!2 21:-!"
e$enin* Mt o& +)i$es
ath days o& oah 24:!#-1
Mt o& +)i$es
'en $ir*ins 2:1-1!
Mt o& +)i$es
'he man tra$e))in* into a &ar ountry 2:14-!1 1!:!!-!#
Mt o& +)i$es
Shee( *oats and ud*ment 2:!1-4"
Mt o& +)i$es
Two $ays Before the !assover
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day !lace
Sanhedrin ()ot to ki)) Jesus
2":1- 14:1-2 22:1-2
Mornin* Pa)ae o& hi*h(riest5
Mary ;noints Jesus &or his buria) 2":"-1! 14:!-9
12:2-8 .$enin* %ethany
Judas a*reement to betray Jesus 2":14-1" 14:10-11 22:!-"
'em()e5
One $ay Before the !assover
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day !lace
Pre(aration &or the Passo$er mea) 2":1#-20 14:12-1# 22:#-14
Mornin* Jerusa)em
<isi()es stri$e who is the *reatest
22:24-!0
.$enin* =((er room
Jesus washes the disi()es &eet
1!:1-20
=((er room
>denti&iation o& Jesus betrayer 2":21-2 14:18-21 22:21-2! 1!:21-!0
=((er room
Last Su((er instituted 2":2"-29 14:22-2 22:1-20
=((er room
Judas )ea$es
1!:!2
=((er room
; new ommandment > *i$e you
1!:!1-!
=((er room
Predition o& Peters denia) 2":!1-! 14:2#-!1 22:!1-!8 1!:!"-!8
=((er room
<isourses in the =((er ,oom
14:1-!1
=((er room
'hen they sun* an hymn 2":!0 14:2"
=((er room
'hen they )ea$e the =((er ,oom
14:!1
+n the way toedron
;bide in me
h(t 1
+n the way toedrom
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> *o my way
h(t 1"
+n the way toedron
Jesus )i&ted u( his eyes to hea$en
h(t 1#
+n the way toedron
Jesus (rays in ethsemane 2":!"-4" 14:2"-42 22:!9-4"
i*ht ethsemane
Jesus betrayed arrested &orsaken 2":4#-" 14:4!-2 22:4#-! 18:2-12
ethsemane
A -ote On $ays
n order to understand etter the time "eriods and events recorded in the&os"els we must a""reciate that the Jewish way of recordin# days differs
from the Western a""roach.
n the West our 'day' starts at midni#ht. The Jewish 'day' starts in the evenin#.This is seen in the way in which &od descries the creation sayin# 'and theevenin# and the mornin# were the nth/ day' &enesis 012 ( 3( 04( 05( 64( 40/
where nth/ stands for the day of creation.
So we see in the &os"els that the 'day' commences at 7.88 ".m. which issundown( rou#hly( in srael. So when Jesus arrived in Bethany 'six days eforethe !assover' John 0610/ we know that he arrived in Bethany efore 7.88 ".m..The 'next day' John 06106/ when Jesus entered into Jerusalem on the colt isfive days efore the !assover as the 06 hours of the ni#ht have "assed and
they dayli#ht hours of the day have *ust e#un.
The Jewish method of reckonin# days is the only method that allows for all thedetails in the last week of Jesus' life to e fitted to#ether as can e seen fromthe tale at the end of this study. So rememer 'The evenin# and the mornin#'
is the 'day'.
!laces n the Last Week Of Jesus' Life
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This ma" is of a very small "art of the land of srael. t "rovides a #uide to thelocation of the "laces mentioned in the last week of Jesus' life. Jericho and
+"hraim are included ecause Jesus made his way from a city called +"hraimvia Jericho to Bethany on his way u" to the !assover when he was crucified.
+mmaus is the villa#e to which the two were walkin# on the resurrectionmornin#.
The ,ount of Olives is -orth and +ast of Bethany. ndeed Bethany is on thelower slo"es of the ,ount of Olives.
A 9alendar Of +vents
And !arallel !assa#es n The Last Week Of Jesus'
LifeThe four #os"el records "rovide a detailed diary of the events of the last week
of Jesus' life that culminated in the crucifixion.
By "iecin# to#ether the four accounts and "lacin# them within the time frameof the week we are etter ale to understand what ha""ened durin# those
days.
The followin# "a#es "rovide an outline of that week( "lacin# the four #os"elrecords to#ether and settin# the events into the day that they ha""ened. Thus(
at a #lance( it is "ossile to see which "assa#es "rovide information aout theevents of the week and on which days the events took "lace. The notes that
follow are an ex"ansion of the tales at the e#innin# of the studies. Thelocation of the events has een left off the tales in the remainder of the study
to sim"lify them and ecause the full tales are availale at the front of thestudy.
Whilst it is "ossile to develo" a calendar usin# any of the syno"tic ,atthew,ark Luke/ &os"el records ,ark "rovides a framework that is the easiest to
follow as can e seen from the tale elow.
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We know that ,ark 0010 is 2 days efore the !assover ecause it is the dayafter Jesus arrived in Bethany that we know was 'six days efore the !assover'
John 0610/.
!assa#e in ,ark $ay efore !assover
11:1
11:124
11:20!
14:12
14:121
:sin# the #os"el of ,ark as a asis it is "ossile( with relative certainty( to slotthe other #os"el records into this framework and therey estalish clearly
what ha""ened on each of the days of the week that culminated in the
crucifixion of Jesus.
The tales that follow show( in the left hand column( the event that took "lace.The next four columns show the related "assa#es in the #os"els and the final
column shows the time of the day when the event took "lace. Thus it is"ossile( at a #lance( to see what events took "lace on each day and to see the
related "assa#es of Scri"ture at the same time.
Six $ays Before the !assover.
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
Jesus arri$es in %ethany
12:1 a&ternoon
Six days efore the !assover they arrive in Bethany in the afternoon. John0610/.
We should e aware of how the arrival in Bethany 'six days efore the!assover' John 0610/ fits into John's #os"el account. -one of the other #os"el
writers even mention the arrival in Bethany. Their focus is on the entry intoJerusalem on the next mornin# ,atthew 6010 ,ark 0010
Luke 05165/.
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The last detailed event of John's #os"el was the raisin# of La;arus at Bethany.John 0010<==/. Because of the raisin# of La;arus the !harisees 'took counsel
to#ether for to "ut him >Jesus? to death'. John 00124/. The effect of thisdiscussion amon#st the !harisees was that 'Jesus therefore walked no more
o"enly amon# the Jews@ ut went thence unto a country near to the
wilderness( into a city called +"hraim( and there continued with his disci"les.'John 0012=/. The next event which John records is 'And the Jews' !assover was ni#h at hand1 ...' John 00122/ Thus John ski"s the events that took "lace
in 'a city called +"hraim' John 0012=/
-one of the #os"el records s"eak directly aout the time Jesus was in the 'citycalled +"hraim'. )owever there is a section in Luke's record from cha"ter 08 to0310= that is not found in any other record. The section culminates with Luke
05165/ 'And it came to "ass( when he was come ni#h to Beth"ha#e andBethany ...' which matches the day after the arrival in Bethany of John 0610.
The section Luke 08143<=6 is( therefore( s"eakin# of a time when Jesus was inBethany. The su##estion is that this was at the time of the raisin# of La;arus.
We know that Jesus left Bethany after the raisin# of La;arus and went to 'a citycalled +"hraim' John 0012=/. Therefore it is reasonale to conclude that this
section of Luke from cha"ter 00 to 0310= relates to events that took "lacewhilst Jesus was in the city 'called +"hraim'. This section( then( deals with the
interval etween the raisin# of La;arus and the arrival in Bethany six daysefore the !assover.
Whilst John then records the anointin# of Jesus in Bethany( that event did notoccur until two days efore the !assover ,atthew 6716(7 ,ark 0=10/. Johnrelates the details of the meal in Bethany at this "oint in the record ecause
the meal in Bethany is thematically linked with the raisin# of La;arus from thedead that is recorded in John 0010<==. The meal in Bethany of which John 06
s"eaks was a celeratory meal to commemorate the raisin# of La;arus.%urther study also shows that the meal in the u""er room John 04<0=140/ also
has a numer of "owerful links with the meal at Bethany.
t will e clear that John has little to say aout the events of days 2 to 6 eforethe !assover. )is focus is on the meal and its relationshi" to the whole matter of the raisin# of La;arus and then the meal in the u""er room and suseuent
events.
This should alert us to the fact that whilst ,atthew ,ark and Luke take a fairlysystematic chronolo#ical *ourney throu#h the events of the last week@ John ismore thematic in the thin#s s"oken of. Therefore( if for this reason alone( it isunwise to ase a chronolo#y of the last week of Jesus' life on John's #os"el.%urthermore( if we find a""arent discre"ancies etween John and the other
records we should not assume that John is either s"eakin# of a different eventor that there is some error in one or more of the other records.
We should take account of this when considerin# any "art of the #os"el
records. +ach #os"el writer has( y the s"irit( s"ecific "oints that are ein#made. Often the record is structured to hi#hli#ht these features. f we focus on
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attem"tin# to reconcile a""arent contradictions rather than on the detail ineach #os"el writer's theme we may well miss the richness of the messa#e.
We will deal in detail with the timin# of this meal in Bethany when we look atthe day that is two days efore the !assover.
By tellin# us that Jesus was in Bethany John 0610/ 'six days efore the!assover' John "rovides a s"ecific day from which we can commence our
chronolo#y of the week. As will e seen as we continue this study it is Johnalone which "rovides the start "oint for this week and therefore acts as the
lynch "in in settlin# when Jesus died. The chart at the end of this work showshow all the details fit eautifully to#ether to show when Jesus died( how that
day fitted into the !assover "re"arations. %urther the study demonstrates whatday of the week Jesus' died and how he was in the #rave 'three days and
ni#hts'.
%ive $ays Before the !assover.
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
'rium(ha) entry into Jerusa)em 21:1-11 11:1-10 19:29-44 12:12-19 Mornin*
Jesus we(t o$er Jerusa)em
19:41
Jesus )ooks round 11:11
,eturns to %ethany with disi()es
11:11
.$enin*
After the di#ression of John 0616<00 John tells us that John 06106/ 'on the nextday' Jesus went u" to Jerusalem. Therefore we can e certain that this day isactually five days efore the !assover.
%ive days efore the !assover we have what may e called the trium"hal entryinto Jerusalem. There is not much recorded aout this day. As Jesus arrives atthe city he we"t over the city. The trium"hal entry into Jerusalem is one of the
few events in Scri"ture that are recorded in all four #os"el records.
This( of itself( should alert us to the #reat si#nificance of this event in the lifeof Jesus. As if to reinforce the si#nificance of the event it is the only event in
the day that is recorded in any detail. %rom a consideration of the four #os"elrecords we learn that Jesus( to the acclamation of his disci"les Luke 0514/
and the "eo"le John 06106<04/ travelled u" to Jerusalem. As he neared the cityhe we"t over it Luke 051=0/ and s"oke of the *ud#ment that was to come u"on
the city Luke 051=6<==/ he entered Jerusalem and went into the tem"le andlooked round ,ark 00100/ and then went ack to Bethany ,atthew 6010/.
-ow those events would hardly fill a whole day. Let us assume that Jesus leftBethany at aout 3.88 am < which( takin# account of "ractices in the 9+-T+C+ast is "roaly a late estimate of the start of his day. Jerusalem is no more
than two miles from Bethany. Jesus and his disci"les( even allowin# for a
short time to secure the ass( would have taken no more than and hour and ahalf to walk to Jerusalem. Thus we can see Jesus arrivin# at the city walls to
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the acclamation of the "eo"le y aout 08.88 am. +ven ein# thron#ed y a#reat crowd Jesus could e on Tem"le ,ount within 02 minutes of arrivin# atthe city. After he had 'looked round' it was 'eventide'. )ow lon#( we mi#ht ask(does it take to 'look round' the tem"le. %rom the time that Jesus arrived at the
tem"le to eventide( ased on our assum"tions( was aout 2 hours if we
assume evenin# starts at 2 ".m. The events we have *ust discussed aredescried thus in ,ark 00100 'And Jesus entered into Jerusalem( and into the
tem"le1 and when he had looked round aout u"on all thin#s( and now theeventide was come( he went out unto Bethany with the twelve.' On considerin#the events of the day we are forced to realise that the entry into Jerusalem was
the most im"ortant event y far on that day.
Wee"in# Over The 9ity
As the city came into view Jesus we"t over it and s"oke of it's destructionLuke 051=0<==/
Thus the *oyous "rocession sto""ed as the city came into view. Jesus"roaly dismounted from the animal he was ridin# u"on to survey the city
risin# u" efore him at the to" of the hill from the Dedron Ealley. $outless hisdemeanor "u;;led the crowds who were sin#in# "raises to him as he traveled
u" from the floor of the valley. )owever their ex"ectations did not matchJesus' own understandin# of those thin#s which were to efall him durin# the
next week and the suseuent destruction of the tem"le and the city y theComans which took "lace some forty years later in A$ 8. As Jesus we"t over the city he s"oke of the *ud#ment that was to come. On this occasion Jesus
laments what is to come u"on the city. )is "rime concern is that the city is toe destroyed. n the Olivet "ro"hecy at the end of the third day efore the!assover his #reat concern is that the disci"les will e "re"ared for the event.)owever there are some links etween this lament in Luke 05 and the Olivet
!ro"hecy. They are taulated elow.
?--------+)i$et Pro(hey ---------@
Pro(hey Luke 19:42-44 Matthew Mark Luke
om(ass thee19:4! 24:20
hi)dren19:44 24:19 1!:1# 21:2!
not one stone19:44 24:2 1!:2
Thus it can e seen that Jesus s"oke of the destruction of the city at the
e#innin# and at the end of the last week of his life whilst he was atJerusalem.
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Jesus Looked Cound
,ark 00107 informs us that Jesus 'looked round aout u"on all thin#s' after hehad entered the tem"le. This action was hi#hly symolic. Jesus was treatin#
the tem"le as a house which had een declared as le"rous.
+vent Law of Le"rosy Jesus
&irst )ook Le$itius 14:!4-!8 John 2:1!-14
# days )ater Le$itius 14:!9 Mark 11:11
>& sti)) )e(rous remo$estones
Le$itius 14:42 Mark 11:1"
destroy house Le$itius 14:44-4 <estrution o& Jerusa)em
The law of ,oses was uite s"ecific in instructin# srael how they should dealwith a house which had le"rosy. f it is sus"ected that the house is strickenwith le"rosy the "riest is advised. of the "rolem and Leviticus 0=147<43/
'Then the "riest shall command that they em"ty the house( efore the "riest #ointo it to see the "la#ue( that all that is in the house e not made unclean1 and
afterward the "riest shall #o in to see the house1 And he shall look on the"la#ue( and( ehold( if the "la#ue e in the walls of the house with hollow
strakes( #reenish or reddish( which in si#ht are lower than the wall@ Then the"riest shall #o out of the house to the door of the house( and shut u" the
house seven days1' After seven days the "riest was to return and re assess the
situation. f the house was still le"rous Leviticus 0=1=8<=0/ 'Then the "riestshall command that they take away the stones in which the "la#ue is( and theyshall cast them into an unclean "lace without the city1 And he shall cause thehouse to e scra"ed within round aout( and they shall "our out the dust thatthey scra"e off without the city into an unclean "lace1'. f this remedy did notwork Leviticus 0=1==<=2/ 'Then the "riest shall come and look( and( ehold( if
the "la#ue e s"read in the house( it is a frettin# le"rosy in the house1 it isunclean. And he shall reak down the house( the stones of it( and the timer thereof( and all the mortar of the house@ and he shall carry them forth out of
the city into an unclean "lace.'
So we see that there was a threefold ins"ection y the "riest. On the firstoccasion the condition is confirmed. The second visit examines the conditionand the third visit condemns the house which is still "la#ued with the frettin#
le"rosy'.
On the occasion of the first !assover durin# the ministry of Jesus he cleansedthe tem"le. for we read John 6104<07/ 'And the Jews' !assover was at hand(
and Jesus went u" to Jerusalem( And found in the tem"le those that sold oxenand shee" and doves( and the chan#ers of money sittin#1 And when he hadmade a scour#e of small cords( he drove them all out of the tem"le( and the
shee"( and the oxen@ and "oured out the chan#ers' money( and overthrew the
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tales@ And said unto them that sold doves( Take these thin#s hence@ make notmy %ather's house an house of merchandise.'
On this fifth day efore the !assover Jesus ,ark 00100/ 'entered intoJerusalem( and into the tem"le1 and when he had looked round aout u"on all
thin#s( and now the eventide was come( he went out unto Bethany' This visitanswered to the second visit of the "riest. On this occasion Jesus was
assessin# whether his first cleanin# three years earlier had achieved thedesired effect. )is ins"ection confirmed that the house was still le"rous. There
was nothin# left to do. Jesus knew that the house had to e destroyed.
)e returned the next day and ,ark 00102/ 'Jesus went into the tem"le( ande#an to cast out them that sold and ou#ht in the tem"le( and overthrew thetales of the moneychan#ers( and the seats of them that sold doves@' On thisoccasion we are informed that he ,ark 00107/ 'would not suffer that any manshould carry any vessel throu#h the tem"le'. which answers to the in*unction
Leviticus 0=147/ 'Then the "riest shall command that they em"ty the house(efore the "riest #o into it to see the "la#ue( that all that is in the house e not
made unclean1 and afterward the "riest shall #o in to see the house1'
The destruction of the tem"le y the Comans in A$ 8 when not one stone wasto e left u"on another answers to the reakin# down of the le"rous house.
The "hrase 'looked round' is uniue to ,ark's &os"el account and is found inthe followin# "laces1< ,ark 412(4= 2146 513 08164 00100.
&reat +x"ectations
t may e that the "eo"le had #reat ex"ectations of Jesus as he enteredJerusalem. $outless this is why they cried ')osanna'. Their ex"ectation wasthat Jesus would overthrow the Coman occu"ation and estalish the kin#dom
of &od. $outless that he looked round the tem"le ut did not do anythin#would start to sow seeds of dout in the minds of the thousands who would
later cry 'crucify him( crucify him' Luke 64160/.
Whilst Luke 051=2/ seems to indicate that Jesus cast out the money chan#erson this occasion when he entered the tem"le the other records ,ark 00100<06/
show that he left the city and went to Bethany and that the castin# out of 'themthat sold and ou#ht' ,atthew 60106/ took "lace on the next day as recorded
in those #os"el records.
We will return to the way in which the "eo"le #reeted Jesus and some of theim"lications of that later in the study when we consider the way in which
!salm 003 fi#ures in this last week.
The return to Bethany advertises that Jesus and the disci"les used Bethany astheir ase durin# the week. See ,ark 00106( 05 0=14/. We mi#ht e led to thinkthat Jesus s"ent each ni#ht on the ,ount of Olives when we read 'And in the
day time he was teachin# in the tem"le@ and at ni#ht he went out( and aode inthe mount that is called the mount of Olives.' Luke 6014/. )owever when we
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realise that Bethany is on the +astern shoulder of the ,ount of Olives we cansee how the details in ,ark 00105 and 0=14 are reconciled with the comment in
Luke 6014.
Summary Of The %ifth $ay Before The !assover
We see( therefore( that the fifth day efore the !assover e#ins the work of thelast week of Jesus' life. The trium"hal entry into Jerusalem excited the "eo"le
who were ex"ectin# 'that the kin#dom of &od should immediately a""ear.'Luke 0510/. )owever Jesus we"t over the city( knowin# that it was soon to e
urnt to the #round y the Comans. On this occasion his lament was aout thedestruction of the city( in "articular( whereas in the Olivet !ro"hecy at the end
of the third day efore the !assover his "articular concern was that thedisci"les would e ready for the events he was s"eakin# of. t is "ossile thatthe "eo"le had #reat ex"ectations of Jesus at this hi#hly char#ed time of the!assover. )owever his inactivity in the tem"le when he sim"ly 'looked round',ark 00100/ must have caused the common "eo"le to wonder what was #oin#
to ha""en and the reli#ious leaders to watch and discuss that ni#ht whatJesus was #oin# to do.
%our $ays Before the !assover
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
Jesus urses the barren &i* tree 21:18-19 11:11-18
Mornin*
)eansin* o& the tem()e 21:12-1! 11:1-18 19:4-48
Some reeks desire to see Jesus
12:20-!"
Jesus res(onds to unbe)ie& o& the rowd
12:!#-0
'hey return to %ethany
11:19
.$enin*
On the way in from Bethany < y the ,ount of Olives < Jesus cursed a fi# tree <Why was he hun#ryF $idn't ,ary and ,artha make reakfastF
That Jesus 'hun#ered' may "rovide another insi#ht into his humanity. )e knewthat within the week he would have een taken y cruel hands and crucified.
)e had told his disci"les this on a numer of occasions e.#. ,atthew 0166<64,ark 08144/ )e was aware of what that entailed. All men and women in sraelwould e aware of what was involved in crucifixion. )owever our Lord( with
his understandin# of the Old Testament "ro"hets( would have an even clearer understandin# of what was to take "lace.
n times of stress the a""etite is diminished and odily functions are less inour control. That Jesus( havin# recently left Bethany( was hun#ry is an
indication of the stress he was endurin# at this time.
The 9leansin# Of The Tem"le
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This is the second time that Jesus cleansed of the tem"le. John 6104<0records the first cleansin# of the tem"le. This was on the occasion of the first!assover in the ministry of Jesus 4 years earlier. Sellin# animals for sacrifice
was "ermitted under the Law of ,oses. 'And if the way e too lon# for thee( sothat thou art not ale to carry it@ or if the "lace e too far from thee( which the
LOC$ thy &od shall choose to set his name there( when the LOC$ thy &odhath lessed thee1 Then shalt thou turn it into money( and ind u" the money
in thine hand( and shalt #o unto the "lace which the LOC$ thy &od shallchoose1 And thou shalt estow that money for whatsoever thy soul lusteth
after( for oxen( or for shee"( or for wine( or for stron# drink( or for whatsoever thy soul desireth1 and thou shalt eat there efore the LOC$ thy &od( and thoushalt re*oice( thou( and thine household(' $euteronomy 0=16=<67/. Jesus was
not o*ectin# to the fact that men and women were uyin# animals for sacrifice. Cather he was o*ectin# to the way in which it was ein# done.
As he cast out the money chan#ers Jesus said 't is written( ,y house shall e
called the house of "rayer@ saiah 271/ ut ye have made it a den of thieves.Jeremiah 100/' ,atthew 60104/ t can e seen that Jesus is drawin# to#ether
two "assa#es from the Old Testament.
saiah 2710 informs us that &od's 'salvation was near' and therefore the man'that kee"eth the Saath from "ollutin# it( and kee"eth his hand from doin#any evil.' saiah 2716/ was to e 'lessed'. The salvation that was 'near' was
Jesus. The Saath that was ein# "olluted was the Saath of the !assover.t was ein# "olluted with the uyin# and sellin# of animals. The Jews were
aout to re*ect the salvation that their &od was offerin# in Jesus. Because of this re*ection salvation was to e offered to the #entiles. saiah 271=< s"eaksof this1< '%or thus saith the LOC$ unto the eunuchs that kee" my Saaths( ...
+ven unto them will #ive in mine house and within my walls a "lace and aname etter than of sons and of dau#hters1 will #ive them an everlastin#
name( that shall not e cut off. Also the sons of the stran#er( that *ointhemselves to the LOC$( to serve him( and to love the name of the LOC$( to ehis servants( every one that kee"eth the Saath from "ollutin# it( and takethhold of my covenant@ +ven them will rin# to my holy mountain( and makethem *oyful in my house of "rayer1 their urnt offerin#s and their sacrifices
shall e acce"ted u"on mine altar@ for mine house shall e called an house of "rayer for all nations.'
The 9+-T+C Wall Of !artition
The "ro"het had s"oken of the house as ein# 'a house of "rayer or all
nations ut )erod's tem"le was used exclusively for Jewish worshi". The
Jews( in the way that they had set out the courts in the tem"le "recluded#entiles from a""roachin# near to the inner sanctuary. On tem"le mountsurroundin# the tem"le area was a wall < the '9+-T+C wall of "artition'
+"hesians 610=/ < which a #entile could not "ass. n fact at the #ates in thewall where Jews could "ass throu#h there were si#ns statin# that any #entile
who "assed eyond this "int would e res"onsile for his own death. Thus#entiles were shut out of the tem"le.
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&reeks $esire To See Jesus
After the cleansin# of the tem"le we are informed 'And there were certain&reeks amon# them that came u" to worshi"...( sayin#( Sir( we would see
Jesus'. John 06168<60/ The "romise of saiah 27 re#ardin# the 'sons of
stran#ers' is comin# true. Such an event would have een a #reat comfort toour Lord at this time. Whilst the Jews were "ollutin# the tem"le there are
#entiles who wish to e associated with it.
By *oinin# the uotation from saiah 27 with 'ut ye have made it a den of thieves' uotin# Jeremiah 100( Jesus is drawin# the attention of the Jews tothe conseuences of "ollutin# the tem"le. Jeremiah s"oke immediately "rior
to the destruction of the tem"le y the Baylonians.
Jeremiah had een told to 'Stand in the #ate of the LOC$'S house( and"roclaim there this word( and say( )ear the word of the LOC$( all ye of Judah(
that enter in at these #ates to worshi" the LOC$. Thus saith the LOC$ of hosts( the &od of srael( Amend your ways and your doin#s( and will cause
you to dwell in this "lace.' Jeremiah 16<4/ Because the "eo"le did not listento Jeremiah's words the tem"le was overthrown.
Jesus has already told the "eo"le on the "revious day 'f thou hadst known(even thou( at least in this thy day( the thin#s which elon# unto thy "eaceG ut
now they are hid from thine eyes. %or the days shall come u"on thee( thatthine enemies shall cast a trench aout thee( and com"ass thee round( andkee" thee in on every side( And shall lay thee even with the #round( and thy
children within thee@ and they shall not leave in thee one stone u"on another@ecause thou knewest not the time of thy visitation.' Luke 051=6<==/.nterestin#ly these words are linked in Luke to the cleansin# of the tem"le
ecause the cleansin# of the tem"le is the next event recorded in Luke eventhou#h it took "lace on the followin# day as can e seen from a considerationof ,ark 00106<0 which "resents the cleansin# of the tem"le on the day after
the entry into Jerusalem on the ass.
n stark contrast to the &reeks who desired to see Jesus 'the scries and chief "riests ... sou#ht how they mi#ht destroy him1 for they feared him(' ,ark
00103/.
This contrast etween the Scries and chief "riests on the one hand and the&reeks on the other is the reason why John tells us 'But thou#h he had done
so many miracles efore them( yet they elieved not on him1' John 0614/ecause the Jews were fulfillin# the words of saiah who said 'Who hath
elieved our re"ortF and to whom is the arm of the LOC$ revealedF' saiah2410/ which is also uoted in John 06143. The 'arm of the Lord' had een
revealed to the #entiles.
n fact this unelief had also een "redicted y saiah in saiah 715<08'-evertheless amon# the chief rulers also many elieved on him@ ut ecause
of the !harisees they did not confess him( lest they should e "ut out of thesyna#o#ue1' John 061=6/. Two of them will( when all ho"e seems to e lost(
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come out into the o"en. Both -icodemus and Jose"h of Arimathea areamon#st those s"oken of here in John 061=6.
Summary Of The %ourth $ay Before The !assover
Jesus s"ent last ni#ht in Bethany. On his way into Jerusalem with the disci"leshe cursed the fi# tree ecause he was hun#ry. t is su##ested that the hun#er
demonstrated that he was stressed at the "ros"ect of the day's events.
On enterin# the tem"le he cleansed it of money chan#ers. This is the secondtime that he had done this durin# his ministry. The first occasion was the first
!assover in his ministry three years earlier.
The unelief of the leaders is contrasted with the desire of some &reeks whodesired to see Jesus. This res"onse from #entles must have een a #reat
comfort to our Lord.
The day ended with Jesus returnin# to Bethany a#ain.
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T)+ LO-&+ST $AH <
Three $ays Before the !assover.
We have noticed how such a lar#e amount of each #os"el record is devoted tothis last week in Jesus' life. We have now arrived at the third day efore the!assover. This is( in Scri"ture( the lon#est day in the life of Jesus. Of courseall days were the same len#th. )owever the S"irit has chosen to record moreaout this day than any other day in Jesus' life. We see from ,atthew that the
events of this day cover almost five cha"ters. The day e#ins in ,atthew 60103and ended with ,atthew 621=7. 9om"arin# ,ark 0414( which is the end of theOlivet "ro"hecy in ,ark and ,ark 0=10( which is the e#innin# of the next day(
confirms this view.
The record of this day "resent to us the most "owerful onslau#ht of the Jewish
authorities a#ainst Jesus and the end of his "ulic ministry.
%rom late in the afternoon of this day Jesus is never seen teachin# "uliclya#ain. )is focus turns from the reli#ious leaders and the common "eo"le to
the twelve disci"les. They ecome the "rime focus of his words.
On the way into Jerusalem in the mornin#
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
'he disi()es see the withered &i* tree 21:18-22 11:20-2"
mornin*
Priests 3uestion Jesus authority 21:2!-2# 11:2#-!! 20:1-8
hih son did his &athers wi))5 21:28-!2
Parab)e o& the $ineyard 21:!!-4" 12:1-12 20:9-19
Parab)e o& the weddin* ban3uet 22:1-14
The disci"les saw the fi# tree cursed yesterday and now they are sur"rised tosee that it had withered u". They will e introduced to the conce"t of the 'fi#tree' shootin# forth Luke 60165/ at the end of today as they make their way
ack to Bethany.
We should a""reciate the fact that the cursin# of the fi# tree( the disci"lesnoticin# that it was withered u" and the "arale of the fi# tree all took "lace on
the mount of Olives durin# the s"ace of no more than 47 hours.
The uestion of the "riest 'y what authority doest thou these thin#s' ,atthew60164/ is a res"onse to Jesus' actions yesterday. On enterin# the tem"le he
'cast out all them that sold and ou#ht in the tem"le( and overthrew the talesof the moneychan#ers( and the seats of them that sold doves(' ,atthew
60106/. This action attacked the very lifestyle of the "riests who #ained a very
lucrative income from the "ractice.
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By askin# them to reflect on the authority of John the Ba"tist Jesus is nottryin# to avoid the issue they raised. John had already testified 'ehold the
lam of &od ...' John 0165/ and we know that many of the leaders went to Johnto listen ecause 'when he saw many of the !harisees and Sadducees come tohis a"tism( he said unto them( O #eneration of vi"ers( who hath warned you
to flee from the wrath to comeF' ,atthew 41/ We also know that 'the!harisees and lawyers re*ected the counsel of &od a#ainst themselves( ein#
not a"tised of him'. Luke 148/.
Because they were unwillin# to acce"t the testimony of John aout Jesus theywould not acce"t anythin# Jesus said aout himself. Therefore( Jesus is notavoidin# the issue of authority( rather he is focusin# the leaders' minds on an
unresolved issue. When they were ale to form a *ud#ment aout John'sa"tism then they would e in a "osition to evaluate Jesus' authority.
They were unwillin#( ecause they 'feared the "eo"le' ,ark 00146/( to commit
themselves on the matter so had to res"ond 'we cannot tell' ,ark 00144/.
There were a numer of occasions when the leaders 'feared the "eo"le' durin#the last week of Jesus' life. This was the first occasion. The second was after he had told the "arale of the wicked husandmen ,atthew 60144<=2 ,ark
0610<06( Luke 6815<05/. The third was the next day Luke 6616/ when they wereconsultin# how they mi#ht take Jesus.
The "hrase 'feared the "eo"le' catches the mental state of Saul when he failedto kill the Amalakites. 0 Samuel 0216=/. )is excuse was that he had not donethe will of &od ecause of his fear of the "eo"le. -ow whilst the leaders were
not doin# &od's will when they feared the "eo"le they showed the sameattitude as Saul. They( like Saul( were more interested in the "raise of men than
the a""roval of &od. This was their downfall.
Jesus could have left them at this "oint and continued with his tasks for theday. f we had een in Jesus' shoes we mi#ht well have left them with the smu#self satisfaction of knowin# that we had silenced our critics. )owever our Lord
was not like that. )e was concerned that these men mi#ht confront their hy"ocrisy therefore he tells them three "arales(
,atthew ,ark Luke
1A hih son did his &athers wi))5 21:28-!2
2A Parab)e o& the $ineyard 21:!!-4" 12:1-12 20:9-19
!A Parab)e o& the weddin* ban3uet 22:1-14
The three "arales are all directed at the attitude of the reli#ious leaders.
+arlier today( in res"onse to the uestion aout the a"tism of John( theleaders had to say 'we cannot tell'. They were unwillin# to commit themselves
on the matter so they( in effect( remained silent. The three "arales whichJesus now tells are desi#ned to force the leaders to s"eak.
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Which Son $id )is fathers WillF
The first "arale( y considerin# the two sons and their res"onse . The firstson refused to #o ut afterwards re"ented and went whereas the second son
said he would #o ut did not. ,atthew 60165<48/. Jesus then asks the reli#ious
leaders 'Whether of them twain did the will of his fatherF' The leaders have toanswer and so 'They say unto him( The first.' . ,atthew 60140/. That this
"arale relates to the issue of his authority and John is clear from the way inwhich Jesus continued when he said ' Eerily say unto you( That the "ulicans
and the harlots #o into the kin#dom of &od efore you. %or John came untoyou in the way of ri#hteousness( and ye elieved him not1 ut the "ulicans
and the harlots elieved him1 and ye( when ye had seen it( re"ented notafterward( that ye mi#ht elieve him.' ,atthew 60140<46/
The !arale Of The Eineyard
This "arale is to e found in the followin# accounts ,atthew 60144<=7 ,ark0610<06 and Luke 6815<05. The "arale of the vineyard y carefully usin#
lan#ua#e from saiah 2 and !salm 38( "resents a "icture of the householder'sres"onse to the various ways in which his servants have een treated. The
final act of sendin# 'his son' ,atthew 6014/ answers to the sendin# of Jesus.The murder of the son ecause he is 'the heir' ,atthew 60143/ was to ha""en
y the end of this week.
The !arale and Old Testament +choes
The elements of the "arale are@ A "lanted vineyard( a hed#e( a wine"ress anda tower. The vineyard was let out to husandmen whilst the owner went into a
far country. )is servants were sent for the fruit ut were eaten( killed andstoned. %urther servants were sent( and similarly treated. %inally the son wassent( who was killed. The uestion what will the Lord of the vineyard do was
asked to which the answer was #iven )e will destroy ...
,any of the elements of the "arale are drawn from the Old Testament.
6 9hronicles 6= !salm 38 saiah 2 Jeremiah 6
()anted $ineyard
80:8 :1 2:21'he hed*e 80:12
ine(ress :2
'ower :2
Let it to husbandmen
'he stoned ser$ant 24:21
Be wi)) destroy :"
Brin#in# %orth %ruit
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The Old Testament clearly indicates that the house of srael were a vine whichhad een rou#ht out of +#y"t )osea 0010/ and "lanted saiah 216/ in the landwhich had een "re"ared for it. As such they were ex"ected to rin# forth fruit
to &od under the care of the "riests and reli#ious leaders.
sraels history demonstrated that they had rarely rou#ht forth fruit des"ite thesendin# of the "ro"hets risin# early Jeremiah 001/. Therefore in the days of
)e;ekiah the "ro"het saiah s"oke the "arale of the vineyard which isrecorded in saiah 2. ,icah( a contem"orary of saiah( takin# u" the messa#eof saiah "ro"hesied Jerusalem shall e "lowed as a field ,icah 4106/ which
was to e a *ud#ement from &od in )e;ekiahs day. )owever )e;ekiah re"entedand humled himself efore his &od 6 9hronicles 46167/. Therefore the
vineyard was not destroyed at that time. Jeremiah( at a later date( was ale toremind the "eo"le of this( sayin#( ,icah the ,orasthite "ro"hesied in the daysof )e;ekiah kin# of Judah( and s"ake to all the "eo"le of Judah( sayin#( Thussaith the LOC$ of hosts@ Iion shall e "lowed like a field( and Jerusalem shall
ecome hea"s( and the mountain of the house as the hi#h "laces of a forest.$id )e;ekiah kin# of Judah and all Judah "ut him at all to deathF did he not
fear the LOC$( and esou#ht the LOC$( and the LOC$ re"ented him of the evilwhich he had "ronounced a#ainst themF Thus mi#ht we "rocure #reat evil
a#ainst our souls. Jeremiah 67103<05/
The leaders to whom Jesus was s"eakin# would e familiar with the Bilicalack#round to the "arale and the im"lications. Therefore the messa#e could
have een very "owerful if only they had een willin# to listen to the son.
What Will The Lord Of The Eineyard $oF
Jesus asked the uestion( 'When the lord therefore of the vineyard cometh(what will he do unto those husandmenF' ,atthew 601=8/ to force the leadersto confront their mental state. )owever efore the leaders were ale to answer
the uestion the answer is #iven y the common "eo"le. They said ')e willmiseraly destroy those wicked men( and will let out his vineyard unto other husandmen( which shall render him the fruits in their seasons.' ,atthew
601=0/. Jesus endorsed this res"onse as ,ark 0615 and Luke 68107 indicate.The res"onse of the leaders was &od forid Luke 68107/. The common "eo"le(listenin# carefully to Jesus words answer the uestion efore the leaders can
say a word. Jesus( in endorsin# their answer( evokes the res"onse &od foridfrom the leaders ecause they "erceived that he s"ake of them ,atthew
601=2/.
Sadly they did not heed the words of the "arale nor reflect on Jesus and thecommon "eo"les answer( nor even their horror at the outcome. Jerusalem was
overthrown y the Comans some forty years later.
At this "oint in the discussion Jesus draws the attention of the reli#iousleaders to !salm 003166 sayin# '$id ye never read in the scri"tures( The stonewhich the uilders re*ected( the same is ecome the head of the corner1 this is
the Lord's doin#( and it is marvellous in our eyesF' ,atthew 601=6/.
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The fi#ure of the vine "asses into Jesus teachin# durin# the remainder of theweek efore the crucifixion.
saiah 2 "redicted the removal of the hed#e and the treadin# down of thevineyard < the house of srael. Later on durin# the same day Jesus s"oke to
the disci"les on the ,ount of Olives. in res"onse to their uestion when shallthese thin#s the destruction of Jerusalem/ e ... Luke 601/ Jesus( says.Jerusalem shall be trodden down of the #entiles ... Luke 6016=/. Jesus is
uotin# saiah 2 a#ain. will tell you what will do to my vineyard ... t shall betrodden down ... saiah 212/. The Olivet !ro"hecy is a "rivate ex"lanation of
some of the details of the "arale of the vineyard. The destruction of Jerusalem( which was accom"lished y the Comans in A$ 8 was a fulfilment
of the "arale which in turn was an ex"osition of saiah 2. The asence of are"entant heart made the destruction a certainty( unlike in the days of
)e;ekiah. )e;ekiah( on ein# "resented with the *ud#ement re"ented. Theleaders in Jesus day did not.
-ot A -ew ,essa#e
-or was Jesus "arale of the vineyard in ,atthew 60 the first time this warnin#had een #iven to these leaders. John the Ba"tist had already #iven a similar warnin# which had #one unheeded. Three and a half years earlier( when he
was a"tisin# at Aenon the !harisees came to investi#ate. John warned themO #eneration of vi"ers( who hath warned you to flee from the wrath to comeFBrin# forth therefore fruits meet for re"entance the axe is laid unto the rootof the trees1 therefore every tree which rin#eth not forth #ood fruit is hewn
down( and cast into the fire. ,atthew 41<08/
S"eakin# To The )eart
There is no dout that the leaders realised that Jesus s"oke the "arale of thevineyard a#ainst them for When the chief "riests and !harisees had heard his"arales( they "erceived that he s"ake of them. ,atthew 601=2/. )owever( *ustas they had re*ected the counsel of John the Ba"tist( they re*ected Jesus. They
sou#ht to lay hands on him ,atthew 60147/ The only thin# which "reventedthem from takin# any action was they feared the multitude( ecause they took
him for a "ro"het. ,atthew 601=7/
Answerin# The Lord
s our motivation driven y a desire to "lease the %ather or are wemen"leasers who are com"romised y what we think others will think of usF)ow would we answer the uestion what will the lord of the vineyard do F
Would we remain silent ecause we are convicted y the Lord( would we *oinwith the common "eo"le and see the ovious outcome of such reellion or would we *oin with the !harisees sayin# &od forid ecause we desire to
continue in our own ways with scant re#ard to the call of the master to rin#forth fruitF
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The ,arria#e Of The Din#s Son
The third "arale in this section is aout the marria#e of the kin#'s son. Theweddin# was furnished with #uest who were 'oth ad and #ood1' ,atthew
66108/ ecause those who were idden declined the invitation. )owever there
was one of the #uests 'which had not on a weddin# #arment1' ,atthew 66100/.Just like the reli#ious leaders( when confronted aout his cavalier attitude tothe reuirements of the kin# he was 's"eechless' ,atthew 66106/ 'Then went
the !harisees( and took counsel how they mi#ht entan#le him in his talk.',atthew 66102/. thus demonstratin# that the Word of &od had no effect on
their consciences.
What follows is ama;in#. There are three attacks on Jesus y the most unlikelyalliances.
These attacks are tri##ered y the desire to take hold of his words( that sothey mi#ht deliver him unto the "ower and authority of the #overnor. Luke
68168/. So we see that so near to the death of Jesus the reli#ious leaders stillhad not formulated a "lan to arrest Jesus. t is for this reason that on the daywhen Jesus said He know that after two days is the feast of the "assover( andthe Son of man is etrayed to e crucified. ,atthew 6716/ they were willin# to
"ay Judas when he asked What will ye #ive me( and will deliver him untoyouF ,atthew 67102/.
The first attack on Jesus
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
Payin* ta6es to aesar 22:1-22 12:1!-1# 20:20-2"
S"eakin# of the !harisees we are informed that 'they sent out unto him their disci"les with the )erodians' ,atthew 66107/ An alliance etween the
!harisees and the )erodians has only een seen once efore in ,ark 417(where a#ain the o*ect was to 'destroy him/' ,ark 417/
The alliance etween the !harisees and the )erodians is most sur"risin# whentheir conflictin# "hiloso"hies are understood. The )erodians( as their name
su##ests( were su""orters of the family of the )erods. )erod was the leader a""ointed y the Comans over srael. )e was not a Jew. The !harisees hadse"arated themselves from the secular state in srael. They viewed the Comanrulershi" and the corru"tion of the "riesthood in the way that it was involvedwith )erod as a way of life they should avoid. ndeed the name '!harisee' isased on the )erew pharez which means divide. Thus we see two #rou"sfrom totally o""osite ends of the "olitical s"ectrum *oinin# forces a#ainst
Jesus.
That the uestion 's it lawful to #ive triute unto 9aesar( or notF' ,atthew6610/ is evident from their o"enin# comments. Jesus sees throu#h their
hy"ocrisy res"ondin# 'Why tem" ye me ye hy"ocritesF' ,atthew 66103/. )isre"ly( which focuses on the dual res"onsiility towards the state and &od
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silences them therefore 'they marvelled( and left him( and went their way.',atthew 66166/
The second attack on Jesus
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
Sadduees 3uestion about resurretion 22:2!-!! 12:18-2# 20:2#-40
Ceinforcin# the "oint that these events all ha""ened on the same day therecord continues 'The same day came to him the Sadducees( which say thatthere is no resurrection( and asked him ...(' ,atthew 66164/. Their attem"t to
tra" Jesus was ased on their miss<understandin# of Scri"ture. TheSadducees did not elieve in the resurrection of the dead. Therefore their
uestion centred around the asurd uestion of the woman who had sevenhusands and her "osition in the resurrection.
The Sadducees were a #rou" of Jews who ased all their teachin# on the firstfive ooks of the Bile. That is the ooks of ,oses. Jesus answer( which
hi#hli#hted that the doctrine of the resurrection was tau#ht in the ooks of ,oses( silenced the Sadducees.
Jesus had now dealt with the second onslau#ht on his authority. )owever the'contradiction of sinners' )erews 0614/ is not over yet. 'But when the
!harisees had heard that he had "ut the Sadducees to silence( they were#athered to#ether'. ,atthew 6614=/.
The third attack on Jesus
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
hih is the *reat ommandment5 22:!-40
hih is the &irst ommandment5
12:28-!4
Whilst it may a""ear the ,atthew and ,ark are s"eakin# aout the same eventa careful consideration of the details contained in the two &os"el records willdemonstrate that there were( in fact( two different individuals who asked very
similar uestions.
Whilst the uestion 'which is the #reat commandment in the law' ,atthew66147/ seems innocuous enou#h the S"irit informs us that he asked it
'tem"tin# him' ,atthew 66142/. Therefore even this uestion must e seena#ainst the ack#round of their attem"ts to undermine Jesus' "osition with the
"eo"le.
n statin# that the first commandment related to the attitude that should emanifested towards &od and the second( the attitude that should e
manifested to other men Jesus skilfully encom"assed all as"ects of the Law of
,oses. These two commandments encom"assed all the teachin# of Scri"ture.
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-ot *ust the Law of ,oses. This is why Jesus was ale to continue 'On thesetwo commandments han# all the law and the "ro"hets.' ,atthew 661=8/.
The account in ,ark 06 "rovides us with the second uestion on the matter of the commandments. -otice that whilst in ,atthew the lawyer asked the
uestion 'tem"tin# him' no such motive is im"uted to the scrie. Cather thescrie had heard that Jesus had 'answered them well' ,ark 06163/. )is
motivation was different from that of the lawyer. The scrie wished to knowmore aout the commandments in the law. )e therefore asks aout 'the first
commandment of all' ,ark 06163/.
This man understood the law and the oli#ations it "laced on the faithfuleliever for his res"onded to Jesus' words 'And the scrie said unto him( Well(,aster( thou hast said the truth1 for there is one &od@ and there is none other ut he1 And to love him with all the heart( and with all the understandin#( and
with all the soul( and with all the stren#th( and to love his nei#hour as
himself( is more than all whole urnt offerin#s and sacrifices.' ,ark 06146<44/which rou#ht the res"onse from Jesus 'Thou art not far from the kin#dom of
&od.' ,ark 0614=/
This conversation with the scrie must have een a #reat comfort to Jesusdurin# this day of itter o""osition to his authority and teachin#.
A com"arison of the two records which s"eak of the tem"tin# uestion of thelawyer and the seekin# after enli#htenment y the scrie will hel" us to see
that we are lookin# at two different( ut related( events.
Matthew 22:!-40 Mark 12:28-!4
! 'hen one o& them whih was a )awyerasked him a 3uestion tem(tin* him andsayin*
!" Master whih is the *reatommandment in the )aw5
!# Jesus said unto him 'hou sha)t )o$e
the Lord thy od with a)) thy heart andwith a)) thy sou) and with a)) thy mind/
!8 'his is the &irst and *reatommandment/
!9 ;nd the seond is )ike unto it 'housha)t )o$e thy nei*hbour as thyse)&/
40 +n these two ommandments han* a))the )aw and the (ro(hets/
28/ ;nd one o& the sribes ame andha$in* heard them reasonin* to*etherand (erei$in* that he had answered themwe)) asked him hih is the &irstommandment o& a))5
29 ;nd Jesus answered him 'he &irst o&a)) the ommandments is Bear + >srae)C
'he Lord our od is one Lord:
!0 ;nd thou sha)t )o$e the Lord thy odwith a)) thy heart and with a)) thy sou) andwith a)) thy mind and with a)) thy stren*th:this is the &irst ommandment/
!1 ;nd the seond is )ike name)y this'hou sha)t )o$e thy nei*hbour as thyse)&/'here is none other ommandment*reater than these/
!2 ;nd the sribe said unto him e))
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Master thou hast said the truth: &or thereis one odC and there is none other buthe:
!! ;nd to )o$e him with a)) the heart andwith a)) the understandin* and with a)) thesou) and with a)) the stren*th and to )o$ehis nei*hbour as himse)& is more than a))who)e burnt o&&erin*s and sari&ies/
!4 ;nd when Jesus saw that he answereddisreet)y he said unto him 'hou art not&ar &rom the kin*dom o& od/ ;nd no mana&ter that durst ask him any 3uestion/
Whilst the three uestions were all trick uestions desi#ned to tra" Jesus inhis words 'no man after that durst ask him any uestion.' ,ark 0614=/ Surely
the "rover is seen to e true 'The wicked are overthrown( and are not1 ut thehouse of the ri#hteous shall stand.' !rovers 061/.
f we have ever had to deal with o""osition to our "osition or have eeninvolved in deate we will reco#nise the desire to 'uit whilst we are on to"'. f
we had een in Jesus' shoes at this time we mi#ht well have taken theo""ortunity of leavin# the scene now our critics had een silenced. Our Lord
was not concerned for his own welfare. Cather he was concerned for thesalvation of men. %or this reason he moves forward to encoura#e his audience
to consider the im"lications of Scri"ture.
Jesus now uestions the leaders
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
hose son is hrist5 22:41-4" 12:!-!# 20:41-44
Sei;in# the o""ortunity 'While the !harisees were #athered to#ether( Jesus
asked them ...' ,atthew 661=0/. )owever we should not think of this as Jesus *ust re"rovin# the !harisees for ' while he tau#ht in the tem"le(' ,ark 06142/
he asked 'What think ye of 9hristF whose son is heF' ,atthew 661=6/. Theuestion aout 9hrist( y contrast to the leaders' uestions( was not a trick
uestion. t was "art of the continual instruction in the Law which Jesusen#a#ed in.
9onsistent with his three "arales which he s"oke earlier today Jesus islookin# for a res"onse from the leaders. 'They say unto him( The Son of $avid.'
,atthew 661=6/ which "roduces the res"onse from Jesus ')ow then doth
$avid in s"irit call him Lord( sayin# ...' ,atthew 661=4/. Once a#ain the!harisees said nothin#. The record tells us ' And no man was ale to answer
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him a word( neither durst any man from that day forth ask him any moreuestions.' ,atthew 661=7/.
This res"onse contrasted starkly with the res"onse of the common "eo"lewho 'heard him #ladly' ,ark 0614/.
This refusal to consider the im"lications of Scri"ture on the "art of the Scriesand !harisees "rovoked Jesus to say 'Beware of the scries( which love to #o
in lon# clothin#( and love salutations in the market"laces(' ,ark 06143/
Jesus warns his disci"les and the "eo"le to eware of the leaders.
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
oe unto you /// hy(orites 2!:1-!9 12:!8-40 20:4-4#
,atthew 64 was s"oken *ust "rior to Jesus leavin# Jerusalem to #o to themount of Olives three days efore his death. )owever it was a distillation of what he had already said to the scries and !harisees on different occasion
commencin# from the time of his a"tism.
K<<<<< "arallel accounts <<<<<
+vent ,atthew 64 ,ark 06 Luke 68 Matthew Mark Luke
Bea$y burdens $erse 4
11:4"
to be seen o& men $erse
":
=((ermost seats $erse " $erse !9
11:4!
reetin*s in themarket
$erse #
$erse 4"
11:4!
<e$our widows uses $erse 14 $erse 40 $erse 4#
Make )on* (rayers $erse 14 $erse 40 $erse 4#
%)ind Pharisees $erse 19
1:4
'ithe $erse 2!
11:42
Mery $erse 2!
9:1! 12:#
u(s and ()atters $erse 2
#:4
hited se(u)hres $erse 2#29
11:4#
eneration o& $i(ers $erse !!
!:# 12:!4
!:#
;)) be &u)&i))ed $erse !"
24:!4 1!:!0 21:!2
+ Jerusa)em $erse !#
1!:!4
The ma*or criticism of the scries and !harisees centred around their self
centred life style. They were concerned that what they did would e 'seen of men' ,atthew 6412/ They loved the 'u""ermost seats' ,atthew 6417/ and
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'#reetin#s in the market "lace' ,atthew 641/. +ven their motivation in "rayer was 'for a "retence ...' ,atthew 6410=/
Whilst there was this outward show of worshi" and &odliness they were usylayin# 'heavy urdens' ,atthew 641=/ devourin# 'widow's houses' ,atthew
6410=/.
They made a show of their reli#ion y tithin# trivial items ,atthew 64164/ andmakin# a #reat show of oservin# the laws of cleanness in the way that they
washed 'cu"s and "latters' ,atthew 6=167/. )owever they were( in factunclean des"ite this outward show. They were 'whited se"ulchres' ,atthew
6416/ They were meticulous in the way in which they oserved the letter of thelaw( makin# a #reat show of the traditions that their 'fathers' had added to what
had een revealed throu#h ,oses. Their reli#ion was one of 'works'. Theythou#ht that y doin# thin#s they were "leasin# their &od.
A recurrin# theme in the Scri"tures is the fact that Hahweh does not wantanimal sacrifices. This is not to e taken to indicate that he did not instituted
sacrifices. )e did( ut they were added to remind srael of their sinfulness( andnot "rimarily as a means of "leasin# Hahweh. 'Thus saith the LOC$ of hosts(the &od of srael@ !ut your urnt offerin#s unto your sacrifices( and eat flesh.
%or s"ake not unto your fathers( nor commanded them in the day that rou#ht them out of the land of +#y"t( concernin# urnt offerin#s or
sacrifices1 But this thin# commanded them( sayin#( Oey my voice( and wille your &od( and ye shall e my "eo"le1 and walk ye in all the ways that have
commanded you( that it may e well unto you.' Jeremiah 160 < 64/
)owever srael saw the offerin# of sacrifices as a virtue in themselves andfor#ot that the offerin# of the sacrifice was an advertisement of their sinfulness. Samuel had to re"rove Saul on this "oint. Saul s"ared the
Amalakites( in direct contravention of the word of Hahweh on the flimsy "retextthat the "eo"le saved the animals alive to offer to the Lord. Saul( ecause hedid not a""reciate the value of oedience was re"roved y Samuel with the
words 'hath the LOC$ as #reat deli#ht in urnt offerin#s and sacrifices( as inoeyin# the voice of the LOC$F Behold( to oey is etter than sacrifice( and to
hearken than the fat of rams.' 0 Samuel 02166/ This "rinci"le can e seen inother "arts of Scri"ture1<
!salm 20107 0( !rovers 6014( saiah 0100 < 0( )osea 717( Amos 2160 < 6=.
Jesus reinforced this "oint y a""ealin# to some of those Scri"tures to showthat the leaders of his day had also missed the "oint.
-otice that Jesus's words in ,att 6414 are identical to those he used in Luke0414=
,atthew 6414 O Jerusalem( Jerusalem( thou that killest the "ro"hets( andstonest them
Luke 13:34 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, which killest the prophets, and stonest them
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which are sent unto thee( how often would have #athered thy childrento#ether(
that are sent unto thee; how often would ha!e "athered th# children to"ether
even as a hen #athereth her chickens under her win#s( and ye would notG
as a hen doth "ather her brood under her win"s, and #e would not$
This is a very "owerful exam"le of the way in which Jesus is drawin# on theway he had s"oken to the reli#ious leaders in the "ast. )e is makin# the same
"oints a#ain at this "oint in his ministry ecause his earlier words had noteen heeded.
The use of !salm 003 in the last week < a !assover !salm
+n the way in to Jerusa)em Matthew 21:9-10 Psa)m 118:2-2"
Ba$e ye ne$er read5 Matthew 21:42 Psa)m 118:22
De wi)) not see me unti) Matthew 2!:!9 Psa)m 118:2"
Of the first occasion when the !salm is sun# we read 'And when he was comeni#h( even now at the descent of the mount of Olives( the whole multitude of
the disci"les e#an to re*oice and "raise &od with a loud voice for all themi#hty works that they had seen@' Luke 0514/. They 'cried( sayin#( )osanna@
Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord1' ,ark 0015/ ')osanna'uotes 'save now' !salm 003162/ 'lessed is he that cometh in the name of the
Lord' uotes !salm 003167. %rom Luke's account of the 'trium"hal entry' we
learn that it was not *ust the "eo"le ut 'the whole multitude of his disciples.'Luke 0514/ ,aye this incident #ives us a little insi#ht into the enthusiasmand ex"ectation of the disci"les at this time. The !salm was sun# y Jews at!assover time as they looked for redem"tion throu#h ,essiah. The reli#ious
leaders were incensed that the "eo"le and disci"les were callin# out the wordsof the !salm and a""lyin# them to Jesus for this reason. %or this reason 'someof the !harisees from amon# the multitude said unto him( ,aster( reuke thy
disci"les.' Luke 05145/
Two days later Jesus ,atthew 60144<==/ tells the "arale of the wickedhusandmen. n res"onse to the "arale the reli#ious leaders condemn
themselves sayin# ')e will miseraly destroy those wicked men( and will letout his vineyard unto other husandmen( which shall render him the fruits in
their seasons'. ,atthew 601 =0/. A#ainst the ack#round of the trium"hal entryinto Jerusalem the use of !salm 003 a#ain is most "owerful( By oservin# '$id
ye never read in the scri"tures( >uotin# !salm 003166? The stone which theuilders re*ected( the same is ecome the head of the corner1 this is the Lord'sdoin#( and it is marvellous in our eyesF Therefore say unto you( The kin#domof &od shall e taken from you( and #iven to a nation rin#in# forth the fruitsthereof.' ,atthew 601=6<=4/ Jesus re<focuses their minds on the same !salmthat the common "eo"le and the disci"les used as Jesus entered the city two
days earlier.
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The leaders have their attention directed to the !salm a#ain when Jesus( after casti#atin# them for their hy"ocrisy says 'He shall not see me henceforth( till
ye shall say( Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord.' ,atthew64145/( uotin# !salm 003167.
Thus it can e seen that rather than casual uotations from the !salms wehave a systematic use of Scri"ture to force the leaders to see that Jesus is(
indeed( the ,essiah s"oken of in the !salm. %urthermore( y a""ealin# to 'thestone which the uilders re*ected' Jesus warns the leaders that they are aoutto re*ect the man of &od's "rovision. The ,essiah was here < ut he did not fit
in to their mould and so they did not reco#nise him.
The exhortation is clear. We are lookin# for Jesus to 'a""ear the second time)erews 5163/. )owever( throu#h our own "erce"tions of what he should e
like( we may not e ready for him. Whilst the estalishment of the kin#dom wille "owerful and earth shatterin# it is clear from Jesus' teachin# that there will
e some of his disci"les who will not e "re"ared for it. To those he will say'$e"art from me( ye cursed( into everlastin# fire( "re"ared for the devil and his
an#els ...' ,atthew 621=0/. Just as the reli#ious leaders thou#ht they wereservin# &od and yet did not reco#nise The ,essiah. We mi#ht think we are
doin# )is will and yet actually re*ected y our Lord at his a""earin#.
Still Three $ays Before The !assover
Jesus leaves the leaders with the words 'your house is left unto you desolate',atthew 64143/ rin#in# in their ears. This is the end of his "ulic ministry.
Jesus now #ives his undivided attention to his disci"les. )e is never seen"ulicly teachin# a#ain from now to the end of the week. )is "ulic ministry
has ended.
This is one reason why the meal in Bethany was held two days efore the!assover even thou#h Jesus arrived there six days efore the !assover. Jesus
knew that he had much to do durin# the week ut that after the third dayefore the !assover he would e ale to celerate the raisin# of La;arus with
the family in Bethany. )owever this will e considered in more detail at thea""ro"riate "lace in the week.
Jesus is now in the treasury
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
'he (oor widows *i&t
12:41-44 21:1-4
)ate (/m/5
As Jesus leaves the tem"le he "auses y the treasury. )e has s"oken of thedestruction of the tem"le and all that it stands for. As he sits he 'eheld how
the "eo"le cast money into the treasury1 and many that were rich cast inmuch.' ,ark 061=0/ Whilst he watched 'there came a certain "oor widow( andshe threw in two mites( which make a farthin#.' ,ark 061=6/. Jesus tells hisdisci"les 'Eerily say unto you( That this "oor widow hath cast more in( than
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all they which have cast into the treasury'1 ,ark 061=4/. )er res"onsecontrasted starkly with those leaders who he warned the "eo"le aout. She
was olivious of the eyes of Jesus who saw her #enerosity.
Jesus res"onse a""ears to have tri##ered the disci"les res"onse when they
's"ake of the tem"le( how it was adorned with #oodly stones and #ifts(' Luke6012/. t seems that the disci"les were awed y the si#ht of the tem"le . Jesusreminds them of what he has already told the reli#ious leaders at least twice <'As for these thin#s which ye ehold( the days will come( in the which there
shall not e left one stone u"on another( that shall not e thrown down.' Luke6017/
9hrist Our !assover
That Jesus was 'our !assover' 0 9orinthians 021/ is not in dout. )e died at!assover time and was 'a lam without lemish' 0 !eter 0105/.
)owever( in wonderful fulfillment of the details of the command in +xodus 06(even the events of the last week confirm the "attern of Jesus as the !assover
lam.
As the tale elow shows.
.$ents in .6odus12
<ate inisan
<ays %e&orePasso$er
.$ents in Jesus )i&e
Lamb se)eted
12:! 10 'h/
.nters Jerusa)em John 12:1-2
11 'h/ 4
asts out money han*ers Matthew21:12
12 'h/ !
Leaders &ind no &au)t Matthew 22
1! 'h/ 2
Feast in %ethany Mark 14:!
1
Pi)ate &inds no &au)t Luke 2!:4
Lamb s)ain 12:"
14 'h/
Jesus dies Mark 1:!4
The lam was to e selected on the tenth day of the month and ke"t y thefamily in the house until it was sacrificed on the fourteenth day of the month.
The Jews( durin# this time( ensured that the lam was 'without lemish'
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+xodus 0612/. They did this y examinin# it to see that it conformed to &od'sreuirements.
Likewise Jesus( durin# the time that he was in Jerusalem( was examined. )ewas firstly 'examined' y the reli#ious leaders who( after the onslau#ht of
,atthew 66( 'no man was ale to answer him a word' ,atthew 661=7/. Jesushad silenced his Jewish critics. They had not een ale to find any fault in him.
$urin# his trial y !ilate his innocence and faultless nature were reco#nisedand he said three times ' find no fault in him' John 03143 051=( 7/
Thus the #os"el records "resent Jesus and the lam which was ke"t y thefamily from the tenth day of the month -isan which was faultless and therefore
an acce"tale sacrifice.
Jesus and The $isci"les n The Tem"le and On The ,ount Of Olives
Jesus and the disci"les walk over the Didron valley to the ,ount of Oliveswhere they sit down. Jesus then elaorates on his chillin# words.
On the ,ount of Olives < >on their way ack to BethanyF?
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
7'he +)i$et (ro(hey 24:1-!" 1!:1-!2 21:-!"
e$enin*
ath days o& oah 24:!#-1
'en $ir*ins 2:1-1!
'he man tra$e))in* into a &ar ountry 2:14-!1 1!:!!-!#
Shee( *oats and ud*ment 2:!1-4"
+choes Of The Olivet !ro"hecy $urin# The Last Week of Jesus' Life
We have already alluded to the fact that Jesus had warned the reli#iousleaders of the destruction of the tem"le. n fact he told them on two earlier
occasions this week. The first was as he was enterin# in to Jerusalem on theass. As he a""roached the city he lamented over the city Luke 051=4<==/. The
second time was when he s"oke his final words to the reli#ious leaderswarnin# them that the desolation of their house was imminent ,atthew 64143/.
The Olivet !ro"hecy
Whereas the words to the reli#ious leaders were words of *ud#ment whenJesus s"eaks to the disci"les aout the destruction of the tem"le his concern
is very different. When he s"oke to the leaders he told them that the tem"lewas to e destroyed. )owever when he s"oke to his disci"les he was
concerned for their welfare durin# the turmoil that was to come.
-otice the em"hasis in the 'Olivet !ro"hecy'
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,atthew 6=1= take heed
,atthew 6=12 deceive
,atthew 6=100 deceive
,atthew 6=104 endure
,atthew 6=16= deceive
,atthew 6=162 told you efore
,atthew 6=1=6 watch
,atthew 6=1=4 would have watched
,atthew 6=1== Be ye also ready
,atthew 62104 watch therefore
The em"hasis of the 'Olivet "ro"hecy' is not that the disci"les should e aleto know exactly when the destruction of A$ 8 was to come. Cather Jesus was
concerned that they would e "re"ared for it when it did come. The warnin#for the disci"les is that at the time of the end they would e in extreme dan#er
from those who would overthrow their faith.
The lesson for ourselves is clear. Whilst we do not know the 'day nor the hour'< nor can we < we should take care to ensure that we are not deceived nor ecome com"lacent. Before A$ 8 there were those in the community who
uestioned the destruction of Jerusalem 'Where is the "romise of his comin#'6 !eter 41=/.
The immediate focus of Jesus words is the destruction of the tem"le y theComans which took "lace in A$ 8. Seen a#ainst the two earlier occasionswhen Jesus warns the leaders of the destruction of their house we cannot
esca"e the conclusion that Jesus immediate focus is the events of A$ 8. Aconsideration of two "arallel "assa#es will show that this is so.
,atthew 6=102 When ye therefore shall see the aomination of desolation(s"oken of y $aniel the "ro"het( stand in the holy "lace(
Luke 60168 And when ye shall see Jerusalem com"assed with armies(
Luke ex"lains that in the context of the destruction of the tem"le the'aomination of desolation' is actually 'Jerusalem com"assed with armies'
The sudden destruction when the "eo"le were not aware is likened to the daysof -oah. !eo"le were #oin# aout their routine daily life( olivious of the
im"endin# flood. Likewise when the Comans were to come a#ainst Jerusalem
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the "eo"le would e usy with their own lives and unconcerned aout theim"endin# destruction.
This warnin# of im"endin# *ud#ment cou"led with the a"athy of the "eo"lewas used y Jesus to warn his disci"les 'Watch therefore1 for ye know not
what hour your Lord doth come.' ,atthew 6=1=6/
-ot only were they to watch ut each one of them was to e 'a faithful and wiseservant ...' ,atthew 6=1=2/
The warnin# for us is clear. t is not #ood enou#h to e aware that Jesus is#oin# to come a#ain. The realisation that he is to a""ear should cause us to e'faithful and wise servants' who will e 'found so doin#' ,atthew 6=1=7/ when
he a""ears.
The Olivet !ro"hecy and Luke 0
There are strikin# similarities etween Luke 0 and the Olivet !ro"hecy.)owever( interestin#ly( there are no links etween Luke 0 and Luke 60. The
links can e seen in the tale elow.
Luke 1# Matthew 24 Mark 1! Luke 21
1#:24 )i*htnin* 24:2#
1#:2" days o& oe 24:!#
1#:!1 on the houseto( 24:1# 1!:1
1#:!4 one taken 24:40
1#:! *rindin* to*ether 24:41
1#:!" two in the &ie)d 24:40
1#:!# ea*)es *athered 24:28
t is difficult to know for certain where Jesus was when he #ave the warnin#
aout the destruction of Jerusalem in Luke 0168<4. )owever in Luke 0100'he "assed throu#h the midst of Samaria and &alilee' and that the event whichimmediately "recedes this warnin# is the healin# of the ten le"ers in that
re#ion. %urthermore Jesus does not arrive in Jerusalem until Luke 05165 whenhe arrives at 'Beth"ha#e and Bethany'. Therefore we can e sure that Luke 0
and the Olivet "ro"hecy "aralleled in ,atthew 6=( ,ark 04 and Luke 60 wass"oken on a different occasion to Luke 0168<4.
The "ro"hecy continues on into ,atthew 62 with a series of "arales. Thecha"ter division is in an unfortunate "osition. 9ha"ter 62 is also s"oken on the
,ount of Olives and should e seen in that li#ht. The 'Olivet !ro"hecy' is
concerned with far more than answerin# the disci"les' uestion 'when shall
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these thin#s eF and what shall e the si#n of thy comin#( and of the end of the worldF' ,atthew 6=14/
As has een listed aove we see that the "arales are1<
Matthew Mark
'en $ir*ins 2:1-1!
'he man tra$e))in* into a &ar ountry 2:14-!1 1!:!!-!#
Shee( *oats and ud*ment 2:!1-4"
We rememer that the disci"les were concerned to know 'when shall thesethin#s e' and 'what shall e the si#n' ,atthew 6=14/. The first of these three"arales which we style 'The "arale of the ten vir#ins' addresses these two
elements of the disci"les' uestion. The conclusion of the "arale 'for ye know
neither the day nor the hour wherein the Son of man cometh.' ,atthew 62104/hi#hli#hts that the "arale relates to the disci"les' uestion. )owever Jesus iscareful( in the "arale( to warn the disci"les a#ainst ex"ectin# that they could
"redict when the events he had s"oken of would take "lace.
ndeed( in the "arale( even thou#h some were "re"ared for the comin# of theride#room ecause he 'tarried' they all slumered and sle"t'. ,atthew 6212/.The issue was whether or not the vir#ins had "re"ared for the comin# of the
ride#room. Whilst all ten had lam"s when they e#an their vi#il only the wise'took oil in their vessels with their lam"s' ,atthew 621=/. The im"lication is
that the 'foolish' antici"ated an early a""earance of the ride#room. The wise(on the other hand( were "re"ared for a lon# wait. n this "arale Jesus was
teachin# his disci"les that if they were to e 'wise' they should e "re"ared for the "ossiility of a "rolon#ed wait for the fulfilment of the thin#s he was
s"eakin# of.
The second "arale < of the man travellin# into a far country < is like the first.Jesus e#ins this "arale with the warnin# 'Take ye heed( watch and "ray1 for ye know not when the time is.' ,ark 04144/. Whilst we mi#ht think that theseword relate to what has #one efore they are linked with the "arale which
follows with the words '%or the son of man...' ,ark 0414=/ where the warnin# is
'Watch ye therefore1 for ye know not when the master of the house cometh( ateven( or at midni#ht( or at the cock crowin#( or in the mornin#1' ,ark 04142/.)owever( y considerin# this "arale as recorded in ,atthew's record we #ainadditional information. -ot only were the disci"les to 'watch' and e "re"ared
ut they were also to work.
Whilst 'talents' were distriuted 'to every man accordin# to his several aility@',atthew 621 02/ each was ex"ected to e industrious with those thin#s
committed to their char#e. The two servants who were #iven the five and twotalents are eually commended y their master at his return even thou#h their eventual res"onsiilities were different. )owever the servant who had the one
talent received a different res"onse from his master at his return. The reasonfor the re*ection was a conseuence of the servant's assessment of his master.
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Because he feared his master's reaction if he were to fail he was inactive.Jesus is teachin# his disci"les that they should not( for fear of failure( hide
away that which was committed to them. The disci"le who feared his lord wasthe man who did not understand that &od and Jesus antici"ate failure ut are
lookin# for commitment.
The third "arale that Jesus s"oke on the mount of Olives at this time was toteach the disci"les that they were unale to assess who was doin# the
%ather's will and who was not y asin# their *ud#ment on what they saw. Thedividin# of 'shee" from the #oats' ,atthew 62146/ demonstrates this. Whilst
we mi#ht think that we would have no "rolem noticin# the difference etweenshee" and #oats this is not necessarily so in srael. There are strains of shee"and #oats which are very similar in a""earance. n the "arale the differences
etween the shee" and the #oats was not to e found y lookin# on theoutward a""earance. n reality the difference was to e seen in the way that
the "eo"le re"resented y the shee" and the #oats res"onded to others. The
shee" cared for others doin# thin#s 'as unto 9hrist' +"hesians 712/ The #oatclass were selfish and #ave no thou#ht to others.
The faithful disci"les of Jesus manifests his love for his master y showin#his love to others for 'f a man say( love &od( and hateth his rother( he is aliar1 for he that loveth not his rother whom he hath seen( how can he love
&od whom he hath not seenF' 0 John =168/
Therefore( cominin# the three "arales which Jesus told in res"onse to thedisci"les' uestion 'when ... what' we notice that Jesus warns them a#ainst
ex"ectin# his immediate return and counsels them to e sure that they workfor him and manifest their love for him in the way that they res"ond to others.
Set a#ainst the warnin#s in ,atthew 6= to 'watch' 'take heed' which we havealready noticed we must a""reciate that Jesus is doin# far more thanforetellin# the destruction of Jerusalem and his eventual a""earance.
The focus of Jesus' teachin# has moved from s"eakin# to the reli#ious leadersto "re"arin# his disci"les for his death. Therefore we ou#ht not to e sur"rised
to see the 'Olivet !ro"hecy' directed at the disci"les own "rolems.
The warnin#s of the messa#e are *ust as relevant for us today. f we focus onlyon the way in which Jesus "redicted the overthrow of Jerusalem and hisa""earance we will miss much of the concern which Jesus shows for his
followers. We mi#ht even find ourselves amon#st the 'foolish'( e a '#oat' or ethe 'wicked servant'.
Summary Of The Third $ay Before The !assover
This is the lon#est day in the last week of Jesus' life. That is there is more
recorded aout this day than any other( with the "ossile exce"tion of the dayof the crucifixion.
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The day commenced( accordin# to the &os"el records( with the disci"lesseein# the withered fi# tree that Jesus had cursed yesterday. This fi# tree is
hi#hli#hted a#ain in the Olivet "ro"hecy at the end of today.
On arrivin# in the tem"le Jesus was confronted aout the cleansin# of the
tem"le yesterday. %ocus is made on the a"tism of John which silences Jesus'critics.
What followed is a threefold attack on Jesus "osition which he silences. Theonly comfort that Jesus received at this time was the thou#hts and uestion of
the scrie who heard that Jesus had answered the lawyer 'well'. Jesus thenuses the o""ortunity to confront his critics with a uestion aout 9hrist. Thisuestion confounded his critics. Jesus then s"eaks to the leaders in "arale
showin# them that &od was #oin# to destroy the tem"le ecause of their wickedness. )e then followed this u" with a stin#in# criticism of the Scriesand !harisees. This ended his "ulic ministry( so to s"eak. %rom now on the
&os"els focus on Jesus' care for his disci"les.
The Olivet "ro"hecy was #iven to warn the disci"les aout the events whichwere to come u"on Jerusalem. !arales are uilt into the "ro"hecy to
reinforce the warnin#s.
The Two %easts
Two $ays Before The !assover
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
Sanhedrin ()ot to ki)) Jesus
2":1- 14:1-2 22:1-2
Mornin*
As has een noted already Jesus "ulic "reachin# to the reli#ious leaders isover. )is focus is now on the needs of his disci"les. A#ainst this ack#round
the way in which the records tell us aout this day is interestin#.
The next two days have one thin# in common. We know very little aout whattook "lace durin# the day. The focus is on the vents in the evenin#. This is
rather like the fifth day efore the !assover which was the day on which therewas the 'trium"hal entry' into Jerusalem. On that day we learn aout the entry
into Jerusalem. which was ut one small fra#ment of the day.
The main focus of this day two days efore the !assover is the meal inBethany which we will return to in due course. The only other event recorded
is that the Sanhedrin "lotted to kill Jesus. Thus( even thou#h this event is
recorded( it actually tells us nothin# aout what Jesus did. t *ust sets thescene for Judas' actions in the evenin# when he #oes to the chief "riests.
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The anointin# of Jesus
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
Mary ;noints Jesus &or his buria) 2":"-1! 14:!-9
12:2-8 .$enin*
Judas a*reement to betray Jesus 2":14-1" 14:10-11 22:!-"
We have already considered 'Then Jesus six days efore the !assover came toBethany ... There they made him a su""er ...' John 0610<6/. Whilst it mi#ht
a""ear that John is tellin# us that the meal in Bethany was( in fact( six daysefore the !assover( we have to conclude that the meal was. in fact two days
efore the !assover.
Both ,atthew 6716 and 7/ and ,ark 0=10 and 4/ "lace the meal in Bethany twodays efore the !assover. f we say that John is s"eakin# of a meal six days
efore the !assover we have to acce"t one of the followin# conclusions.
0/ There were two meals in Bethany in the last week of Jesus' life and thatJesus was anointed with "recious ointment y a woman on oth occasions.
or
6/ +ither John or ,atthew and ,ark are mistaken aout which day on whichthe one meal took "lace.
Actually( the lo#ical conclusion that should e drawn is that all the #os"el
writers are s"eakin# aout the same event which took "lace two days eforethe !assover. The differences etween the accounts are a conseuence of the
o*ectives of each ins"ired writer.
t is "ossile to develo" a detailed tale which show similarities etween themeal in Bethany as recorded in John and the one recorded in ,atthew and
,ark. The o*ect ein# to '"rove' from the similarities that one event is s"okenof. On the other hand it is "ossile to develo" a detailed tale which hi#hli#htsthe differences etween John on the one hand and ,atthew and ,ark on the
other. The o*ect here is to '"rove' that the meal s"oken of y John is adifferent meal from the one s"oken of y ,atthew and ,ark. A#ain it is
"ossile to com"are the record in ,atthew with the one in ,ark and showdifferences or similarities( de"endin# on one's "ersuasion to '"rove' that they
s"eak of one or two meals.
This a""roach is futile. t "resumes that similarities or differences etweendifferent accounts can( of themselves( '"rove' whether two accounts s"eak of the same event. This a""roach is futile ecause it is "ossile to com"are two
or more accounts of the same event and yet notice differences. %urther ana""roach which seeks to use similarities or differences runs the risk of
missin# the fact that each writer( y the S"irit( has clear o*ectives in mind.
The reader should e lookin# for themes in the #os"els which ex"lain why
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each record is as it is. This is su"remely relevant when considerin# the meal atBethany.
The meal at Bethany was to commemorate the raisin# of La;arus. This "ointhas already een made when considerin# John 0610 efore we looked at '2
$ays Before The !assover' We should read John 06 with this in mind. John0610 fixes the day of Jesus arrival in Bethany and therefore enales us to drawthe conclusions we have een makin# aout timin# throu#hout the rest of the
week. )owever John 0616<00 is an account of events which took "lace twodays efore the !assover. They are "laced here( in "arenthesis( ecause theylink thematically with the events recorded in John 00 efore Jesus went to 'a
city called +"hraim' John 0012=/.
That the meal was held two days efore the !assover even thou#h Jesusarrived in Bethany six days efore the !assover may relate to Jesus' workload
durin# the week. 9onsider1<
Jesus' arrival in Bethany six days efore the !assover would not e heraldedy a "hone call to the family there. Jesus' arrival would e( "roaly( an
unex"ected and "leasant sur"rise. The raisin# of their rother La;arus wouldstill e very much in the minds of ,ary and ,artha and his father Simon.
Jesus left Bethany in rather a hurry after the raisin# of La;arus ecause of the"lot to kill him John 00124/. -ow( the family mi#ht have thou#ht that it would
e a #ood time to have a meal to#ether to celerate this event. After all it was a *oyous time of the year. The !assover was to e celerated in six days. The
family in Bethany were totally unaware of what was #oin# to ha""en durin# theweek and the work that Jesus had to do efore his crucifixion.
Jesus( on the other hand( knew that he had much to do( ut that he wouldfinish the work with the reli#ious leaders "art way throu#h the week( thereafter
he would focus on the needs of his disci"les s"ecifically. Dnowin# this heres"onded to the enthusiastic and lovin# offer of the meal with the su##estion
that it e "ost"oned until two days efore the !assover.
When the alaaster ox is roken 'the house was filled with the odour of theointment' John 0614/ Whilst we do not see a house ein# filled with an odour elsewhere in Scri"ture the conce"t of a house ein# filled is seen in a numer
of "laces in Scri"ture. 0 Din#s 3108(00 and 6 9hronicles 2104(0= s"eak of the#lory of &od fillin# Solomon's tem"le. t was seen in the cloud which filled thetem"le. When Solomon( at the dedication of the tem"le finished "rayin#( the
#lory of &od filled the tem"le 6 9hronicles 10(6/. When +;ekiel( in vision( sawthe destruction of Solomon's tem"le y the Baylonians he saw the #lory of
&od as it filled the house of &od efore it de"arted from the city +;ekiel0814(=/. When )a##ai 61/ says ' will fill this house with #lory' he is lookin# tothe time when the tem"le which +;ekiel descries is uilt when he says 'So thes"irit took me u"( and rou#ht me into the inner court@ and( ehold( the #lory
of the LOC$ filled the house' +;ekiel =412/
So when the -ew Testament introduces the idea of the house ein# filledJohn 0614/ in the context of the urial of Jesus the link etween Jesus' death
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and the manifestation of the #lory of &od in the house can e seen. The'house' of which we s"eak is( in fact( the ecclesia 'for ye are the tem"le of thelivin# &od' 6 9orinthians 7107/ So it is fittin# that 'there came a sound fromheaven as of a rushin# mi#hty wind( and it filled all the house' Acts 616/ .
This contrasts horrily with the mentality of the sinner who would entice theson to 'fill his house with s"oil'. !rovers 0104/ This is rather like Judas who(when the house in Bethany was filled with the odour of the ointment( went tothe hi#h "riests #reedy for 'the rewards of iniuity.' Acts 0103/ We must ask
'What motivated Judas to ehave in the way that he didF' Whilst we cannot esure aout the motives which caused Judas to #o to the chief "riests whenJesus was anointed y ,ary the #os"el records #ive clues which "resent a
startlin# "icture.
Judas's %amily.
9onsider the followin# "assa#es1<
,atthew 6717 M-ow when Jesus was in Bethany( in the house of Simon thele"er. ... M
John 061= M... then one of his disci"les( Judas scariot( Simon's son ...M
,atthew 67 mentions Mtwo days efore the !assoverM v6/. Jesus was in thehouse of Simon the le"er when a woman comes with a ox of ointment and
"oured it on his head.
John 06 records events commencin# Msix days efore the !assover ...M v 0/.)e is havin# a meal which MtheyM made for him. The context is that of ein# in
a house at Bethany where ,artha served. v0<6/. f ,artha was makin# themeal it would seem reasonale that she was in her own home. We know that
she lived in Bethany ecause La;arus was her rother and he lived in Bethany.John 0010<6/.
,atthew 67 and John 06 s"eak of the same event. Both records are recountin#events *ust "rior to Jesus' death and have Jesus in the same "lace. ,atthew 67s"eaks of Mtwo days efore the !assoverM whilst John 06 has Msix daysM. This
is ecause ,atthew is "resentin# a chronolo#ical account whilst John'srecord is thematic. The association with 'six days efore the !assover' themeal and the anointin# of Jesus is linked thematically with the raisin# of
La;arus which is recorded in the "revious cha"ter John 00/. John's recordaims to link the raisin# of La;arus with the meal to show that the meal was a
celeration of La;arus ein# raised from the dead.
Additionally ,atthew deals more with the history of events in the last weekefore introducin# Mtwo days efore the !assoverM( whilst John #ives little
information aout events efore Msix days efore the !assoverM( rather thanconcentratin# on s"ecific events in detail then s"ends a lot of time dealin#
with events in the u""er room John 04<0/.
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Who s Celated To WhomF
0/ We see that La;arus was the rother of ,ary and ,artha.
6/ Judas' father was Simon.
4/ ,ary and ,artha's father was Simon the le"er. Simon and Simon the le"er are the same "erson.
=/ ,ary( ,artha and La;arus lived in Bethany
2/ Simon the Le"er is Simon >Judas' father?
7/ Therefore ,ary( ,artha( were sisters to La;arus and Judas scariot.
$evelo"in# a family tree we see the followin#1<
Judas was the rother of La;arusG This su##estion "rovides a "ossileex"lanation for his ehaviour. %or three and a half years Judas had
'com"anied' Acts 0160/ with Jesus. There is no record that Jesus made any
s"ecial "rovision or had any celeration for him. On the other hand La;arus(who a""ears on the scene from nowhere( received a #reat deal of attention
from Jesus at this time. Judas( it is su##ested( felt "ushed out y his rother who was #ettin# all the attention. +ven his sisters ,ary and ,artha( were
"ayin# more attention to Jesus and "roaly La;arus than they were to him.
We know that he was a thief John 0617/ and it may e this( cou"led with hissulleness at ein# ousted( in his own eyes( y his rother La;arus which
"rom"ted his action.. Judas was *ealous. ,aye also he was u"set at havin#een so o"enly reuked y Jesus for it was Judas who said 'Why was not thisointment sold for three hundred "ence( and #iven to the "oorF' John 0612/ and
was therefore reuked efore the disci"les and his family.
t has already een su##ested that the uniue section in Luke which includesthe "arale of the "rodi#al son was s"oken y Jesus whilst he was in 'a citycalled +"hraim' John 0012=/. This "laces that "arale etween the raisin# of La;arus which took "lace efore the time s"ent in the city of +"hraim and the
meal in Bethany two days efore the !assover.
We have demonstrated that the #os"el records indicate that Judas scariot andLa;arus were rothers. n the "arale of the "rodi#al son Luke 02100<46/
Jesus develo"s his lesson y contrastin# the ehaviour of two rothers. The"rodi#al son wasted his share of the inheritance and then was welcomed
home y the father whereas the elder son( had remained with his father all the
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time the youn#er son was away suanderin# his share of the inheritance. Thesettin#( and the lan#ua#e that Jesus "uts into the mouth of the father echo thedetails of the raisin# of La;arus and are "icked u" in the details of the way in
which Judas ehaved at the meal in Bethany.
!arale Of !rodi#al Luke 02 La;arus The ,eal n Bethany
$11 two sons
John 12:2 LaEarus and Judas boththere two sonsA
1:2! Make merry beause sona)i$e
'he reason &or the mea) in %ethany
1:28 .)der son wou)d not *ointo the &east
Matthew 2":14 Judas went out o& themea)
1:24 dead G a)i$e John 11:44 LaEarusraised &rom the dead
1:28 brother an*ry
John 12:4 Judas an*ry
1:!2 this thy brother Judas and LaEarus arebrothers
Judas and LaEarus brothers
The "arale of the "rodi#al son was s"oken after the raisin# of La;arus andefore the meal in Bethany y the man that 'needed not that any should testify
of man1 for he knew what was in man. John 6162/ . Jesus 'knew from thee#innin# who they were that elieved not( and who should etray him.' John
717=/. Therefore we can see the "arale of the "rodi#al son as an exhortationto Judas( a#ainst the ack#round of the raisin# of La;arus. Jesus( antici"atin#what was in Judas' mind( attem"ted to instruct Judas aout his own thou#ht"atterns. Jesus was seekin# for re"entance in Judas and a chan#e in the wayhe thou#ht aout himself. The meal in Bethany demonstrated how Judas was
so like the elder rother who would not #o into the feast.
The Timin# of The Anointin# Of Jesus And The ,eal n Bethany
We have noticed that John s"oke of the raisin# of La;arus < indeed he is the
only writer who does. Also he is the only writer to tell us that La;arus was atthe meal in Bethany sayin# John 0616/ M... ut La;arus was one of them that
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sat at the tale with him.M Another link etween the raisin# of La;arus in John00 and John's account of the meal in Bethany is the mention y name of
M,arthaM and M,aryM John 0616(4/. By contrast neither woman is named in,atthew 67 or ,ark 0=.
So John "laces the account of the meal at the "oint of entry into Bethanyecause of the thematic link with the raisin# of La;arus in the "revious
cha"ter.
With this in mind a consideration of John 0610<06 will enale us to concludethat the reference to Msix days efore the !assoverM is a comment u"on when
Jesus arrived in Bethany. The account of the meal in "laced in "arenthesisecause of its thematic link with the "revious cha"ter. ,atthew and ,ark( on
the other hand( "lace the event where( chronolo#ically( it occurred as they hadno reason to recount it elsewhere. So if we wish to 'harmonise' John 06 with,atthew 67 and ,ark 0= we would realise that John 0616<00 is inserted as a
di#ression. The 'chronolo#ical' way to read John would e John 0610 thencontinue at John 06106.
John has already di#ressed in a similar way when s"eakin# of the raisin# of La;arus for John 0010<6/ M-ow a certain man was sick( named La;arus( of
Bethany( the town of ,ary and her sister ,artha. t was that %ar# whichanointed the Lord with ointment, and wiped his feet with her hair, whose
brother Lazarus was sick M. The section in italics is the section which is thedi#ression here. -ow whichever #os"el record we review it is clear that the
raisin# of La;arus occurred efore Jesus' was anointed in Bethany. Thereforewe have evidence to su""ort the su##estion that John does di#ress in his
#os"el. This lends wei#ht to the su##estion that the comment aout the mealin Bethany recorded in John 06 is a di#ression.
We should realise that we have not arrived at the conclusion that John 0616<00is a di#ression in order to allow us to read John in a way which makes it
consistent with ,atthew 67 and ,ark 0=. The realisation that John isstructured differently ecause of the thematic link with the raisin# of La;arusis *ust the outcome of the study we have undertaken so far. -ow we have to"roe a little further to try to understand this thematic a""roach which John
takes.
!arallels Between The ,eal n Bethany And The ,eal n The :""er Coom
We have demonstrated that the meal in Bethany and the meal in the u""er room( which we call MThe Last Su""er' took "lace on consecutive evenin#s.The meal in Bethany was to celerate the raisin# of La;arus. The meal in the
u""er room was to memorialise Jesus' death. There are strikin# "arallelsetween the two meals.
'wo <ays %e&ore 'hePasso$er in %ethany +ne <ay %e&ore 'hePasso$er in the =((er
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,oom
Jesus is with &riends at%ethany
Jesus was with hisdisi()es
John 12:1 a)on* with the disi()es - his &riends John 1:14
John 12:2 Martha Ser$ed > /// ser$e Luke 22:2#
Matthew2":#
Poured (oureth John 1!:
John 12:! wi(ed his &eet wash /// &eet John 1!:
John 12:! wi(ed his &eet i(ed &eetA John 1!:
John 12:4 shou)d betray one wi)) betray Matt/ 2":21
John 12:# <ay o& buryin* %)ood /// shed Matt/ 2":28
John 12:10 onsu)ted to ki)) LaEarus ounse) to ki)) Jesus John 11:!
Mark 14:10 Judas went out Judas went out John 1!:!0
John 12:11 Many be)ie$ed on Jesus Many be)ie$ed on him John 12:42
beause o& the raisin* o& LaEarusA
beause o& the raisin* o& LaEarusA
The similarities are interestin# < ut we must e ale to enefit from what wesee.
The raisin# of La;arus incited many to elieve on Jesus John 06100/. This'elief' extended to the 'chief rulers' of whom 'many elieved' John 061=6/
thou#h on oth occasions the leaders wanted to kill La;arus John 06108/ andJesus John 00124/. We have already noticed that the leaders did not act
ecause 'they feared the "eo"le' ,ark 06106/. This ehaviour is the ehaviour of one who is unwillin# to live a life consistent with his eliefs. We can e *ust
the same. We can see a situation in ecclesial life aout which we shoulds"eak. )owever we kee" silent ecause we are concerned how others will
react to what we say.
The two meals were oth intimate events. On oth occasions Jesus and his
friends and some family memers were to#ether. We can ima#ine the warmthat the meal in Bethany. Jesus and the disci"les had endured a tirin# three daysin Jerusalem. The friendshi" and warmth of that family in Bethany would haveeen a "leasant res"ite from the ars and deceit of Jesus' o""onents . Jesuswas amon#st friends. One would envisa#e that there would e no threat there.
The followin# ni#ht( in the u""er room( he was with his friends < the disci"les.Whilst there was rivalry amon#st them as to who was to e the #reatest Luke6616=/ there was not o"en hostility a#ainst Jesus as there had een in the citydurin# the days leadin# u" to the meal in Bethany. +ven thou#h the disci"lesdid not know what was #oin# to ha""en to their Lord and were "u;;led aout
some of the thin#s he had said( they ore him no animosity. )owever at othintimate meals a etrayer was there n Bethany John 061= N ,atthew 6710=/
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'hen they )ea$e the =((er ,oom
14:!1
%rom Blunt's $ictionary of $octrinal and )istorical Theolo#y
Article1< !aschal 9ontroversy
!a#e 2=4
Harious di&&iu)ties ha$e surrounded the rekonin* o& .aster &rom the &irst ori*in o& the hristian hurh/ 'he three syno(ti os(e)s are unanimous Matthew 2":1#-19 Mark 14:12-1" Luke 22:#-9A in their statement that our Lord instituted the Bo)y.uharist at his )ast Pasha) Su((er/ St/ John is e3ua))y (reise in sayin* that the
Jews wou)d not enter the ud*ment ha)) )est they shou)d be de&i)ed throu*h b)ood(o))ution and be (re)uded &rom eatin* the Passo$er in the e$enin* John 18:28A/
Bow ame it then that our Lord shou)d ha$e e)ebrated the Passo$er on onee$enin* and that the Jews shou)d ha$e de&erred the memoria) &east ti)) the
orres(ondin* (eriod o& the ne6t day5 'his is a rea) di&&iu)ty but the &o))owin* is(robab)y the so)ution/
Sine the a((earin* o& the new moon determined the Jewish a)endar an assemb)ywas he)d in the 'em()e on the )osin* day o& eah month to reei$e inte))i*ene
res(etin* the &irst si*htin*A o& the new moon/ >& nothin* was announed a day was
intera)atedC yet i& the a((earane o& the moon was a&terwards authentiated theintera)ation was ane))ed/ 'his natura))y aused muh on&usion es(eia))y in theritia) month o& isan/ Bene I'a)mud ,osh Bashanah em/ 1 it was (ermittedthat in doubt&u) ases the Passo$er mi*ht be obser$ed on two onseuti$e days/For the intera)ation o& a day at Jerusa)em ou)d hard)y be known in a)i)eeC and
aordin* to Maimonodies in these more distant (arts o& Judaea the Passo$er wasin some years ke(t one day at Jerusa)em on another/ +ur Lord omin* in &rom theountry &o))owed the )etter o& the Law but the main body o& the Jews obser$in* the
tradition o& the e)ders sari&ied the Passo$er on the &o))owin* day in onse3ueneo& the intera)ation o& a day in the (reedin* month/ 'hus our Lord ate the Passo$er
on the e$enin* o& the 14th isan and was u(on the same day the $ery Pasha)
Lamb by the death o& the ross/
John Benry %)unt not the oinidene manA/ Pub)ished 1892 ew .dition(ub)ished by Lon*mans reen K o/
This day( like the "revious day( is one on which we are told very little aoutwhat Jesus and the disci"les did durin# the dayli#ht hours. All we learn aout
the events of the day time is that the disci"les went to make ready for theevenin# meal. Cather like yesterday the em"hasis is on the events which took
"lace in the evenin#
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+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
Pre(aration &or the Passo$er mea) 2":1#-20 14:12-1# 22:#-14
Mornin*
John does not details these events. We have already noticed that John makes
little mention of the intervenin# days etween the trium"hal entry five daysefore the !assover and the meal in Bethany two days efore the !assover.After talkin# aout the trium"hal entry and the time Jesus was in the tem"le
John moves to the end of the week. Leavin# aside any mention of the"re"aration for the 'Last Su""er' he takes us strai#ht into the meal.
,atthew ,ark and Luke indicate that the disci"les uestion 'Where wilt thouthat we "re"are for thee to eat the !assoverF'. The initiative came from the
disci"les. This may e an indication of how Jesus is concerned for hisfollowers to think for themselves. t would e easy for the disci"les to wait for
Jesus to make decision on every matter. Jesus( knowin# that the !assover
was drawin# very close( waited for the disci"les uestion to make them takethe initiative for themselves.
The lesson is clear for us today. We mi#ht e inclined to leave decisions toothers whom we think are more ca"ale of dealin# with the issues. )owever
the lesson is that we should rely on our own initiative when we knowsomethin# needs to e done rather than leavin# the decision to others.
All three records demonstrate an air of secrecy aout the "lace where the mealwas to e "re"ared. $outless all the disci"les heard the instructions #iven to!eter and John ut the instructions( in themselves( were not sufficient for any
of the disci"les to know the location. !eter and John( when they entered thecity( were "rovided with si#ns which Jesus had told them they would
encounter. Therefore they were the only two of the disci"les who knew( eforethe meal( where it was to e held.
We know that Judas had already a#reed to etray Jesus. The secrecy of thelocation for the Last Su""er could well have een desi#ned y Jesus in order that Judas would not e ale to interfere with the Last Su""er. This meal wasof su"reme im"ortance to Jesus. )e did not want any disturance durin# themeal. n fact( y or#anisin# the meal in a secret location( he was "lannin# the
way in which he would e taken y the chief "riest. +ven in this matter hisconcern for the welfare of his disci"les.
Once they were in the u""er room Jesus told his disci"les 'with desire havedesired to eat this !assover efore suffer' Luke 66102/ and he 'sat down withthe twelve' Luke 6610=/ and instructed the disci"les aout the read and thecu". We will return to that as"ect of the meal later. t was durin# the meal that
Jesus told his disci"les 'one of you will etray me' ,atthew 67160( ,ark 0=103(Luke 66140 and John 04160/. This announcement "roduces a seemin#ly
stran#e res"onse from the disci"les. 'And there was also a strife amon# them(which of them should e accounted the #reatest.' Luke 6616=/. t was this
event which "rom"ted Jesus to wash the disci"les feet. John 0410<68/.
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The strife 'which of them should e accounted the #reatest' is a feature of thedisci"les thou#ht "atterns ri#ht throu#h the ministry of Jesus. n ,ark 514= the
disci"les had een ar#uin# 'in the way' on this matter. On the way toJerusalem this issue raises it's u#ly head a#ain. !eter had asked 'what shallwe have ...' ,atthew 0516/ ecause the disci"les had 'left all' ,ark 08163/.
Jesus "romises all of them that 'ye which have followed me ... shall sit u"ontwelve thrones( *ud#in# the twelve tries of srael.' ,atthew 05163/. This"romise "rom"ted the 'mother of Ieedee's children' ,atthew 68168/(
"roaly encoura#ed y her two sons James and John see ,ark 08142/ to askthat the two most im"ortant thrones of *ud#ment e reserved for them. 'And
when the ten heard it( they e#an to e much dis"leased with James andJohn.' ,ark 081=0/.
t mi#ht seem stran#e that the disci"les res"onded like this in the u""er room.)owever we should realise that the disci"les still did not know what was #oin#
to ha""en. They had no idea that Jesus was #oin# to e etrayed that ni#ht
and crucified the next day. The disci"les were consumed with self interest.
We should e ale to see ourselves in the disci"les at this "oint in time. Sooften we do not res"ond to the needs of others ecause we are so wra""ed u"in our own "lans and ex"ectations. We can e olivious to the needs of others
even thou#h the words and si#ns show that there is somethin# to econcerned aout.
Whilst the ar#ument continued amon#st the disci"les 'Jesus knowin# that the%ather had #iven all thin#s into his hands( and that he was come from &od(
and went to &od@ )e riseth from su""er( and laid aside his #arments@ and tooka towel( and #irded himself. After that he "oureth water into a ason( and
e#an to wash the disci"les' feet( and to wi"e them with the towel wherewithhe was #irded.' John 0416<7/. The record could easily have sim"ly told us that
Jesus washed the disci"les feet. )owever the record makes extensivecomment aout how Jesus "re"ared himself and how he washed the disci"les
feet.
When considerin# the meal in Bethany "arallels can e seen etween theactions of ,ary when she anointed Jesus' and the way in which Jesus washedthe disci"les feet in the u""er room. Those similarities are re"roduced a#ain
for convenience.
'wo <ays %e&ore 'hePasso$er in %ethany
+ne <ay %e&ore 'hePasso$er in the =((er
,oom
Jesus is with &riends at%ethany
Jesus was with hisdisi()es
John 12:1 a)on* with the disi()es - his &riends John 1:14
John 12:2 Martha Ser$ed > /// ser$e Luke 22:2#
Matthew2":#
Poured (oureth John 1!:
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John 12:! wi(ed his &eet wash /// &eet John 1!:
John 12:! wi(ed his &eet i(ed &eetA John 1!:
John 12:4 shou)d betray one wi)) betray Matt/ 2":21
John 12:# <ay o& buryin* %)ood /// shed Matt/ 2":28John 12:10 onsu)ted to ki)) LaEarus ounse) to ki)) Jesus John 11:!
Mark 14:10 Judas went out Judas went out John 1!:!0
John 12:11 Many be)ie$ed on Jesus Many be)ie$ed on him John 12:42
beause o& the raisin* o& LaEarusA
beause o& the raisin* o& LaEarusA
We should conclude that the way in which the two events are recorded aredesi#ned to cause us to see similarities etween the two events.
One issue which has exercised Bile students for a lon# time is 'did ,aryanoint Jesus head( his feet( or oth his head and his feetF' This uestion is
raised ecause of the way in which the #os"el records "resent data aout theevent.
9onsider the three accounts of the anointin# of Jesus in Bethany and whereJesus was anointed
,atthew 671 '"oured it on his head'
,ark 0=14 '"oured it on his head.'
John 0614 'anointed the feet of Jesus '
As we have already seen( that we should consider the theme which each writer is develo"in# throu#h the S"irit. We should not make our focus the differences
etween the records as if this is the ma*or issue. We should a""reciate thateach writer was moved y the )oly S"irit to develo" his record in the way that
he did. t is naive in the extreme to conclude that the differences indicate"rolems with ins"iration. $ifferences in Scri"ture etween "arallel accounts
reuire careful examination as the very differences often indicate detailedthemes.
Lookin# at John's #os"el we note that it is John who alone tells us that Jesus'feet were anointed. t is John who alone s"eaks of the washin# of the
disci"les' feet. We must reco#nise that John( y the S"irit( is wishin# us to seethis link etween the two events. When considerin# the reaction of individualsat the anointin# of Jesus at Bethany and the washin# of the disci"les' feet in
the u""er room some interestin# features are seen.
;nointin* o& Jesus &eet ashin* the disi()es &eet
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John 12:! &eet anointed John 1!: &eet washed
John 12:4 Judas indi*nant John 1!:8 Peter indi*nant
Matthew 2":10 Judas rebuked John 1!:10 Peter rebuked
Matthew 2":1" Judas betrayedJesus
John 1!:9 Peter ontrite
These details invite us to com"are Judas and !eter. Both Judas and !eter areindi#nant at the anointin#. Both were re"roved y Jesus. Judas was invited toconsider that the "oor were always with them. !eter had to realise that he hadto learn humility and acce"t the conseuences of his unwillin#ness to e theservant. Judas did not learn the lesson. !eter was of a totally different make
u". )e was willin# to acce"t the reuke of the Lord. This marks the differenceetween Judas and !eter. They oth fi#ure "rominently in the last two mealsthat Jesus shared( and oth miss the "oint of what is ha""enin#. Judas could
not res"ond to the Lord. !eter did.
Judas demonstrated that he was not at one with Jesus and the disci"lesdurin# the meal in Bethany or the meal in the u""er room. Judas left the mealin Bethany to #o and arran#e the etrayal with the chief "riest. ,ark 0=108/. Asthe meal would e in the evenin# we have to conclude that Judas left 'at ni#ht'even thou#h the record does not say as much. Likewise he also left the u""er
room to #o to the chief "riests 'and it was ni#ht' John 04148/
On two occasions( durin# intimate meals( Judas demonstrated that his mindwas elsewhere. )e was more concerned to receive the 'reward of iniuity'
Acts 0103/ than have fellowshi" with his Lord and the other disci"les.
The Same -i#ht n Which )e Was Betrayed P
When !aul introduces the reakin# of read in 0 9orinthians 00 he reminds usof Judas' ehaviour sayin# '%or have received of the Lord that which also
delivered unto you( That the Lord Jesus the same ni"ht in which he wasbetra#ed took bread 1 ...' 0 9orinthians 00164/. This is a clear reference to theehaviour of Judas scariot in the u""er room. Our familiarity with the record"roaly means that we do not notice that this is a rather discordant way tointroduce the reakin# of read. The reason for this discordant as"ect to his
introduction is ecause there was a discordant s"irit in the ecclesia at 9orinth.Thus the A"ostle is concerned to focus the eliever's mind on the "otential for
#oin# throu#h the ritual of the reakin# of read without havin# a mind whichhas een affected y what it entails.
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We have already seen that Judas had "lanned to asent himself from the mealin the u""er room in order to conclude his evil deal with the chief "riests. Lastni#ht he had made the arran#ement to deliver Jesus to them ,atthew 6710=<
02/. -ow he sou#ht an o""ortunity. This evenin#( when the disci"les andJesus were on there own would "rovide the ideal o""ortunity. $outless this is
the reason why Jesus had ke"t the location of the meal secret from thema*ority of the disci"les. -ow Judas knew where they were he would e ale
to advise the chief "riests who would e ale to come and ca"ture him withoutthe knowled#e of the common "eo"le. All throu#h the meal Judas would eseekin# an o""ortunity to leave and make his way to the chief "riests. )ismind would not e on the matters takin# "lace in the u""er room. )e had
another a#enda.
This matches the mental state of some in the ecclesia in 9orinth for QWhen yecome to#ether therefore into one "lace( this is not to eat the Lord's su""er.R 09orinthians 00168/. Some were viewin# the memorial service as an o""ortunity
to have a #ood feed and to #et drunk. 9onseuently other came hun#ry andwere not satisfied. Some( like JudasR( had another a#enda. They( like Judas(had their minds on other thin#s. 9onseuently the "ur"ose of their meetin#to#ether was lost on them. There was( therefore( in 9orinth( a #reat need for self examination. +ach rother and sister had to examine their own motivesand thou#hts when they came to the QLordRs su""er.R t is for this reason that!aul concludes his ar#ument 'But let a man examine himself( and so let himeat of that read( and drink of that cu"....' 0 9orinthians 00163/. They had to
review their own hearts and decide whether they were at the QLordRs su""erR to#ratify their own fleshly desires or whether they wanted to rememer the
LordRs death.
Likewise we must e sure of our own motives when we attend the memorialservice. We must make sure that we do not have a hidden a#enda
uestions( uestions ///
What follows is a series of uestions y different disci"les showin# that theystill did not understand what Jesus is sayin#. A#ainst the ack#round of the
uestions Jesus still has much to say and only a short time to say it. )owever he never cuts the disci"les uestions short( nor does he i#nore the uestion in
order to tell them the thin#s that are on his mind. )e always leaves off the"oint he is makin# to deal with the uestion efore continuin# with the
instruction.
Thus we see the "atience of the ,aster( who( knowin# that his time was comeJohn 0410/( still has time to address the anxieties of his disci"les.
We must ask how our "atience matches u" to that of the Lord. We know thatJesus 'learnt oedience y the thin#s which he suffered'. )erews 213/ andthat 'triulation worketh "atience' Comans 214/. $o we see our triulation
develo"in# or shortenin# our "atienceF
The uestions
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John 04147 !eter 'Whither #oest thouF'
John 0=12 Thomas ')ow can we know the wayF'
John 0=13 !hili" 'Shew us the %ather'
John 0=166 Judas >not scariot? ')ow wilt thou manifest thyself to us and notunto the worldF'
:nless we a""reciate that individual uestions are asked and unless weconsider the uestions themselves we will not e ale to make sense of the
rest of the words Jesus s"oke in the 'u""er room' "recisely ecause they wereanswers to s"ecific uestions raised y the disci"les.
!eter's uestion 'whither #oest thouF' John 04147/ and 'why cannot followthee nowF' John 0414/ "rom"ts the discourse aout 'many mansions' John
0=10/. The cha"ter division is most unhel"ful. We see from the tale of occurrences of the &reek word translated 'mansions' and its related word( thatthe matter of aidin# ecomes a ma*or to"ic oth in the u""er room and on the
way towards the &arden of ðsemane.
The numer of times that Jesus uses the word 'aide' in the u""er room andon the way to the &arden of ðsemane should cause us to "onder what he
was teachin# his disci"les and what we should e learnin# from this.
)ere is a list of all uses of the word in John 0= and John 02.
The use of 343& ' 33() 'mansions' 'Aide' on the last ni#ht of Jesus' life.
John 0=16 mansions 4=43
John 0=164 aode 4=43
John 0=108 dwelleth 4487
John 0=107 aide 4487
John 0=10 dwelleth 4487
John 0=162 "resent 4487
John 021= Aide 4487 aide 4487 aide 4487
John 0212 aideth 4487
John 0217 aide 4487
John 021 aide 4487 aide 4487
John 0215 continue ye 4487
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John 02108 aide 4487 aide 4487
John 02100 remain 4487
John 02107 remain 4487
So( as can e seen from the use of this &reek word from the u""er roomtowards the &arden of ðsemane( a ma*or to"ic is ein# introduced. The
information was firstly #iven to !eter in res"onse to his need to e comfortedafter ein# told that he will etray Jesus John 04143/. But the abidin" of Jesus
after his resurrection and ascension is of "aramount im"ortance to all thedisci"les.
The ex"lanation to !eter and the rest is that his death and resurrection is anessential "art of the "lan that the %ather has set in motion that Jesus and the
disci"les can e to#ether forever. John 0=14/. The aidin# of Jesus is to match
the way that the %ather abides in Jesus John 0=108/. This abidin" of the %ather was the means wherey Jesus was ale to "erform the works that he did John
0=108/ and the evidence that Jesus and the %ather were abidin" in elieverswould enale them to "erform their works. John 0=106 < 0=/.
The way that this abidin" would e achieved is to e seen in the way in whichJesus and his %ather both come and make their aode John 0=164/ with the
disci"les.
-otice that the record stresses 'we will come ... and make our aode with him'
John 0=164/* This contrasts shar"ly with the erroneous view that Jesus entersour heart at a"tism. Jesus is s"eakin# of the fellowshi" that is to existetween the eliever and the %ather and their saviour( the risen Lord.
By the time that we e#in considerin# John 02 we have left the u""er room for 'arise let us #o hence' John 0=140/ marks the de"arture from the u""er room.)owever the theme of aidin# continues durin# the walk towards the Brook
9edron which is not encountered until John 0310.
Jesus now e#ins to ex"and how the disci"le is to abide in him and also whyhe must continue to abide in him. What follows is crucial for us today. Whilst
we do not have the "ower of the holy s"irit( nor can we "erform miracles wemust a""reciate why we must allow Jesus and the %ather to 'come ... and make
their/ aode with us/ ' John 0=164/
By develo"in# the "arale of the vine in John 02 Jesus is showin# theim"ortance of the abidin" of the %ather and son in the eliever.
srael were a 'nole vine' Jeremiah 6160/ ut ecause they did not aide in thecommandment they ecame 'de#enerate Jeremiah 6160/. Likewise the eliever today who does not 'aide' in Jesus John 021=( 2( 7 / will not ear fruit andconseuently will e 'taken away' John 021 6/ The first century elievers < and
we < have the exam"le of srael( '&od s"ared not the natural ranches Comans
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00160/ of the Olive tree 'ecause of unelief' Comans 00168/ We must takeheed.
The way in which the eliever was to rin# forth fruit was to 'kee" mycommandments' John 02108/ for in so doin# he will 'aide in my love' John
02108./ n ex"lainin# this to his disci"les Jesus was creatin# the environmentwherey they( y rememerin#( after his de"arture( that in kee"in# his
commandments his '*oy mi#ht remain' John 02100/ in them.
n fact an Old Testament teachin# is ein# develo"ed y Jesus when hes"eaks to )is disci"les aout 'aidin#'. t relates to the way that the %ather
wishes to dwell with men.
)e told ,oses1< +xodus 6213/ 'And let them make me a sanctuary@ that maydwell amon# them'. or a#ain1< +xodus 651=2 < =7/ 'And will dwell amon# the
children of srael( and will e their &od. And they shall know that am the
LOC$ their &od( that rou#ht them forth out of the land of +#y"t( that maydwell amon# them1 am the LOC$ their &od.' Showin# that )e had a "lan
which involved )im ein# with )is "eo"le.
When $avid had a desire to uild an house for his &od he was reminded that&od had walked with )is "eo"le throu#h the wilderness 6 Samuel 12 < / andthat whilst $avid was not to uild an house for &od an house would e uiltfor $avid 6 Samuel 16/. This continued the teachin# that &od wanted todwell with man. The "romise that $avid would have an house uilt for him
showed that the dwellin# was to e in "eo"le( which is somethin# which $avidclearly saw when he "enned1< !salms 0610<4/ '+xce"t the LOC$ uild thehouse( they laour in vain that uild it1 exce"t the LOC$ kee" the city( the
watchman waketh ut in vain. t is vain for you to rise u" early( to sit u" late( toeat the read of sorrows1 for so he #iveth his eloved slee". Lo( children arean herita#e of the LOC$1 and the fruit of the wom is his reward.' So he made
a "romise concernin# the irth of the ,essiah saiah 10=/ 'Therefore the Lordhimself shall #ive you a si#n@ Behold( a vir#in shall conceive( and ear a son(
and shall call his name mmanuel.' -ow we know what mmanuel meansecause the -ew Testament tells us clearly. ,atthew 0164/ 'Behold( a vir#inshall e with child( and shall rin# forth a son( and they shall call his name
+mmanuel( which ein# inter"reted is( &od with us.'
Thus we can see that the %ather always had the "lan that he would 'aide' with)is "eo"le. The mechanism throu#h which this was to e achieved can now eseen to e the raisin# u" of )is own son( who is the son of $avid and the seedof the woman. Throu#h his death and resurrection he was to e the 'firstorn'9olossians 0102/ of a new creation which was to e the 'tem"le of the livin#
&od' 6 9orinthians 7107/.
ndeed Jesus had already hinted at this "lan very early on in his ministry(si#nificantly recorded in John's #os"el when he said '$estroy this tem"le( andin three days will raise it u". Then said the Jews( %orty and six years was this
tem"le in uildin#( and wilt thou rear it u" in three daysF But he s"ake of thetem"le of his ody.' John 6105<60/
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Ceturnin# to the uestions in the u""er room we must examine the uestionsraised y the disci"les whilst Jesus was s"eakin# to them in the u""er room.!eter was not ale to '#o' with Jesus John 04147 ecause Jesus was #oin# to
do somethin# y his #oin# away which only he could do. Jesus was to #oaway to otain 'eternal salvation' )erews 215/ throu#h his death and
resurrection. !eter clearly did not understand this for if he had he would never have rashly said ' will lay down my life for thy sake'. John 0414/. )is
alle#iance to Jesus was never in uestion. Jesus knew what was in the heartof man John 6162/ and so did not even need to hear any words from !eter.
!eter's "rolem was that he was offerin# to do what his Lord was aout to do.Whereas the Lord was sinless !eter clearly was not. )e did not yet understandthe redem"tive work of Jesus nor his own need for a sinless man to die. The
reuke of the Lord( therefore( was asolutely essential. !eter had tounderstand his own weakness in contrast with the confidence of the ,aster inthe %ather. We mi#ht concur with Thomas when he said 'we know not wither
thou #oest@ and how can we know the way' John 0=12/ )owever Jesus did say
that Thomas knew the way. )ow was it that Thomas did not realise that heknew the wayF
A numer of times we find recorded in John's #os"el Jesus makin# claimsaout who he is.
0/ John 7142 And Jesus said unto them( am the read of life1 he that comethto me shall never hun#er@ and he that elieveth on me shall never thirst.
6/ John 7120 am the livin# read which came down from heaven: if any maneat of this read( he shall live for ever1 and the read that will #ive is my
flesh( which will #ive for the life of the world.
4/ John 3106 Then s"ake Jesus a#ain unto them( sayin#( am the li#ht of theworld: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness( ut shall have the li#ht
of life.
=/ John 0815 am the door1 y me if any man enter in( he shall e saved( andshall #o in and out( and find "asture.
2/ John 08100 am the #ood she"herd1 the #ood she"herd #iveth his life for the
shee".
7/ John 00162 Jesus said unto her( am the resurrection( and the life: he thatelieveth in me( thou#h he were dead( yet shall he live1
/ John 0=17 Jesus saith unto him( am the way( the truth( and the life1 no mancometh unto the %ather( ut y me.
The disci"les( and in "articular Thomas at this "oint( did not com"rehend whatthey had een told ut they did know what they had heard. t is im"ortant toa""reciate that Jesus ex"ects them to acce"t what he has said. Thomas was
to a""reciate that the way to fellowshi" with the %ather was only throu#hJesus John 0=17/ and that was #oin# to e effected y Jesus #oin# away. The
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Bold ty"e in the aove uotations "resents a com"osite "icture of whatThomas( and the others( had een told. f one were to "iece to#ether each of
the "oints that are made a very com"rehensive "icture of the Lord is seen. Of course Jesus said even more than this( tellin# them "lainly that he was to ecrucified and rise a#ain ,atthew 07160( 0164( 68105( ,ark 5140( 0814=( and
Luke 5166( 03144/. The disci"les did not understand what they had een toldecause they were 'slow of heart to elieve' Luke 6=162/. )owever we do wellto rememer that Jesus 'u"raided them with their unelief' ,ark 0710=/ lest
we attem"t to excuse our slowness in understandin# and( conseuently(elievin# what we read in Scri"ture.
%or exam"le how firmly do we elieve this assurance ' will never leave theenor forsake thee' which is a "romise made to us a numer of times
$euteronomy 4017 Joshua 012 0 9hronicles 63168 saiah =0104 )erews 0412/and does relate to the "romise 'we will come and make our aode with you'
John 0=164/ .
Jesus concludes his comments to Thomas with the words 'from henceforth yehave seen the %ather' John 0=1/. This comment causes the "er"lexed !hili"
to ask 'Show us the father' John 0=13/
This hi#hli#hts another( related( #a" in the understandin# of the disci"les.!hili"( and "roaly the others( had failed to #ras" that Jesus 'declared' the%ather John 0103/. Whilst !hili" is told 'he that hath seen me hath seen the%ather' John 0=15/ Jesus is not wishin# !hili" or anyone else to focus on
"hysical a""earance. !hili" would know well the Old Testament teachin# that'no man can see me and live' +xodus 44168/. !hili"( schooled in the way of
thinkin# of the Jews( would a""reciate that when ,oses reuested to see &odhe was shown his ualities +xodus 44103 < 68/.
-ow Judas >not scariot? is "er"lexed. )e wants to know how Jesus willmanifest himself to the disci"les ut not to the world. John 0=166/ )e was
clearly locked into the idea of seein# the "hysical Jesus. Jesus( in hisex"lanation to Judas( continues to develo" the conce"t of the 'aidin#' of the
%ather and son with the eliever. Jesus was to e manifest to the disci"lesthrou#h the way in which the disci"les 'kee" my words' John 0=164/. The
teachin# was "resented y Jesus when he was with them ut the comforter
was to come and 'teach them all thin#s' John 0=167/. This assurance toThomas < and the other disci"les < is then "resented as '!eace leave with you(my "eace #ive unto you.' John 0=16/.
Jesus forces the "oint that he is still s"eakin# aout the abode that heintroduced to !eter y usin# the same words of comfort as he used earlier.
John 0=10 Let not your heart e trouled
John 0=16 Let not your heart e trouled
Cememer( we are still in the u""er room at this "oint.
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)avin# #ot so far in the education of the disci"les Jesus and the elevenremainin# disci"les 'sin# and hymn' ,atthew 67148/ and leave the u""er
room. John marks the de"arture from the u""er room with the words of Jesus'Arise( let us #o hence' John 0=140/
On the way to the Didron
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
;bide in me
h(t 1
> *o my way
h(t 1"
Jesus )i&ted u( his eyes to hea$en
h(t 1#
So they now leave the u""er room to make their way throu#h the city to the&arden of ðsemane( across the Brook Didron.
Whilst we cannot e sure what time in the evenin# it was when they left theu""er room we can make an educated #uess. f we assume that the meal in theu""er room e#an at sunset < 7.48 ".m. we mi#ht con*ecture that the meal( thewashin# of the disci"les feet( the discussions that took "lace and the sin#in#
of the hymn ,atthew 67148 ,ark 0=167/ took aout two to three hours. Thuswe can ima#ine that when they left the u""er room it would e 5.88 ".m. at theearliest. )owever we should not assume that they were #ro"in# round the cityand across the Didron Ealley in "itch darkness even thou#h they did not havemodern electric street li#htin#. !assover was the 0=th day of the first month
Leviticus 6412/ and the new moon marked the e#innin# of the month-umers 08108/ therefore the feast of the !assover was held half way throu#h
a Lunar month thus it would have een full moon when Jesus and thedisci"les left the u""er room. We do not know exactly where the u""er room
was in the city( nor do we know the direction that the #rou" took as theywalked throu#h the city and across the Didron Ealley to the &arden of
ðsemane. ndeed we cannot e sure even of the "recise location of the&arden of ðsemane. )owever if we can form a "icture of the *ourney and
the circumstances of the *ourney our a""reciation will e enhanced.
Leavin# the u""er room Jesus e#ins to tell the eleven ' am the true vine'John 0210/ This is not a new to"ic unrelated to the discussion concernin#
aidin#. As we have already seen the word 'aide' in John 02 is the same wordas seen in the discussions in John 0=. Cather Jesus is extendin# the theme of abidin"+ in order that he can discuss the conseuences of not manifestin# his
love.
)e now introduces the conce"t that the %ather chastens )is children that thecom"lete vine mi#ht 'rin# forth more fruit' John 0216/. )owever the
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chastenin# is here "resented in terms of an husandman tendin# a vine. Justas the husandman cuts off unfruitful( dead and dyin# ranches so not to
diminish the vine's stren#th he carefully "runes and cuts fruitful ou#hs sothat the "otential mi#ht e maximi;ed( so does the %ather work with )is sonsand dau#hters. This "rocess of "ur#in# has a cleansin# effect. 9onsider the
two verses elow.
John 0216 +very ranch in me that eareth not fruit he taketh away1 and everyranch that eareth fruit( he pur"eth it( that it may rin# forth more fruit.
John 0214 -ow ye are clean throu#h the word which have s"oken unto you.
The italic words are translated from the same &reek word.
-ow we know that the way for a 'youn# man to cleanse his way is y takin#heed thereto accordin# to thy word' !salm 00515/ which is clearly where Jesus
is drawin# his idea from( for he has already said 'if any man love me he willkee" my words and we will come unto him and make our abode with him'
John 0=164/. The converse of kee"in# his words is very distressin#. %or Jesussays 'if any man abide not in me he is cast forth as a ranch and is withered@and men #ather them( and cast them into the fire( and they are urned' John
0217/ )owever if we do aide in )im we will actually #lorify &od John 0213/. Toaide in him we must ear fruit y kee"in# his commandments and y so
doin# the %ather is #lorified. This( actually( is how Jesus manifest &od to the"eo"le durin# his ministry. By doin# the will of the %ather Jesus oth retainedthe fellowshi" of his %ather and "leased him for we read 'The father hath notleft me alone@ for do always the thin#s which "lease him' John 3165/. Wemust ask ourselves how we see our lives as oth #lorifyin# the %ather and
maintainin# our fellowshi" with )im. This is the thrust of what Jesus( who isaout to de"art out of this world( is sayin# to his disci"les.
Jesus "asses on to "resent the ultimate manifestation of love y tellin# hisdisci"les '&reater love hath no man than this( that a man lay down his life for his friends' John 02104/. We notice that( whilst clearly s"eakin# of his ownim"endin# death to redeem his rethren he utilises the words of !eter ' willlay down my life ...' John 0414/. The im"act of Jesus' use of those words
would doutless have startled !eter( and "ossily the others who had heard
!eter's affirmation in the u""er room. )owever such commitment is actuallyreuired of Jesus' disci"les. Of course we should realise that this is not thefirst time that Jesus has s"oken of #ivin# his life for his followers. We have
already noted that he s"oke of his crucifixion a numer of times directly.Additionally he had told them in less ovious ways. '&od so loved the worldthat he #ave his only e#otten son' John 4107/ ' am the #ood she"herd1 the#ood she"herd #iveth his life for the shee"' John 08100./ Jesus says 'ye aremy friends if ye do whatsoever command you' John 0210=/. Some of Jesus'
disci"les did in fact lay down their lives for him. A consideration of the Acts of the A"ostles "rovides us with names of some who did manifest that they were
Jesus friends in the way that they showed their commitment to him.
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that Jesus was aware of a discussion amon#st themselves which they feltcould not involve Jesus. t may e that they felt reuked y Jesus' res"onsesto their earlier uestions. Thou#h it is more "roale that they felt ashamed
ecause they did not understand what he was sayin# to them so they"referred to kee" silent. )owever silence was not the solution. They were
learnin# earth movin# "rinci"les. f they did not understand them now theywould have #reater difficulties dealin# with the trauma of the next three days.
Jesus( therefore( addresses the "rolem@ sayin# 'do ye enuire amon#yourselves of that said ...' John 07105/ and s"eaks to the disci"les as if theyhave actually ex"ressed their confusion to him. There is no hint of criticism in
his words( *ust a desire that they understand what he is sayin#.
We can learn an immense amount from this a""roach. We often say thin#swhich are not understood( either ecause the "erson listenin# has difficulty
#ras"in# the "oint that we are makin# or ecause we are not makin# the "ointclearly enou#h. The natural reaction is to sim"ly assume that the hearer either
is not really interested or not ri#ht enou#h to see the "oint that we aremakin#. A#ainst this ack#round we either do not even other to try to #et our
"oint understood or we re"resent our "oint in a tone of voice which showsthat we think that the hearer is the one with the "rolem. Such an a""roach
does not en#ender unity and love. The s"eaker feels su"erior and the hearer ismade to feel inferior. This was not our Lord's a""roach and should not e ourseither. %or 'The servant of the Lord must not strive@ ut e #entle to all men( e
a"t to teach( "atient' 6 Timothy 616=/
Jesus' a""roach clearly worked( he #ained the confidence of his disci"leswho( with a chan#e of heart( were willin# to acknowled#e that they now
understood sayin# 'Lo( now s"eakest thou "lainly( and s"eakest no "rover'John 07165/. -otice that the disci"les think that the chan#e has een in the
way that Jesus s"oke to them( not in their own state of mind.
Jesus is concerned( in John 07( to warn the disci"les that their word will note heeded *ust as his has not. t was im"ortant that they understood that "oint
ecause there was comin# a time when ye 'shall wee" and lament ut theworld will re*oice ( and ye shall e sorrowful ut your sorrow shall e turnedinto *oy' John 07168/ . They still did not understand that he was #oin# to ecrucified the next day and that they would e devastated ut that three days
later he would e alive for evermore and they would e elated.
They had to understand that des"ite their *oy at the resurrection of Jesus theyshould not ex"ect those who had een Jesus' enemies durin# his ministry tohave a chan#e of heart and turn to him. Jesus had already warned them 'They
shall "ut you out of the syna#o#ues1 yea( the time cometh( that whosoever killeth you will think that he doeth &od service'. John 0716/ which was a mostnatural thin# to warn them of as he knew that they( fired with the knowled#ethat he was alive( would wish to tell others and would ex"ect that they woulde elieved. Of course they had( durin# the ministry of Jesus( een carriedalon# y his commitment and the enthusiasm of the common "eo"le who
'heard him #ladly' ,ark 0614/.
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Because he was #oin# away he was concerned that they knew that he was not#oin# to leave them 'comfortless' John 0=103./ )e was also concerned that
they would 'rememer that told you of these thin#s' John 071=/. %urthermorethey were assured that the *oy that would e theirs on the resurrectionmornin# would not e ale to e taken away from them John 07166/.
We rememer our own ex"erience when we were aes in 9hrist. We were#oin# to tell the world and we discovered that the world did not want to know.
Such ex"eriences may have dulled our enthusiasm for s"eakin# of thosethin#s. f we develo" that state of mind we should take note of the words of
warnin# from Jesus and look at the exam"le of the disci"les who( amidst #reat"ersecution "reached the word and lived the #os"el.
Jesus assures his disci"les 'Whatsoever ye ask the father in my name he will#ive it you' John 07164/. We must reflect on what it is to ask in my name( for
Jesus is not "rovidin# a sim"le code that we should use in order that our
"rayers will e heard. )e is( y usin# 'in my name' hi#hli#htin# a relationshi"that the disci"les shared with the %ather throu#h the son. This is true of
ourselves also. The relationshi" of ein# 'in *** is familiar to us already. Weunderstand the "hrases1<
in 9hrist
in Adam
in the flesh
They all s"eak of relationshi"s. f we are 'in 9hrist' we are related to Jesus9hrist and thus the %ather. We were all 'in Adam' ein# related to him y irth(and thus inherited his nature. 'n the flesh' Comans 313/ is a suset of ein#'in Adam' and descries a way of thinkin# which is "revalent amon#st thosewho are 'in Adam'. Therefore when we ask for anythin# 'in my name' Jesus istellin# us that we have a s"ecial relationshi" with the %ather that means that
)e hears us. Of course we cannot ask for 'anythin#' in an unualified way. Weknow that we must 'ask ... accordin# to his will' if we ex"ect him to hear us 0John 210=/. Which is tantamount to sayin# that we kee" his commandments(thus manifestin# his love. Thus( when we address the %ather in "rayer( we
must a""reciate our relationshi" with )im and also our res"onsiilities. Wecan make "rayer work for us if we reflect on how we should "ray. f we are
careless in our "rayers we mi#ht well e ex"ectin# that we will e heard for our 'much s"eakin#' ,atthew 71/.
)avin# een "er"lexed y Jesus' words the disci"les now take comfort fromthe fact that they now think that they understand him and his "ur"ose clearly
John 07148/. Jesus now rin#s them down to earth a#ain( lest they eoverconfident in their "artial understandin#( tellin# them 'Behold( the hour cometh( yea( is now come( that ye shall e scattered( every man to his own(and shall leave me alone' John 07146/. )owever Jesus was not alone and he
did 'overcome the world' John 07144/ throu#h his faith.
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The A"ostle John draws on this confidence( and other elements of Jesus'words to the disci"les on the way to the Brook Didron( when he reminds us
'whatsoever is orn of &od overcometh the world1 and this is the victory thatovercometh the world( even our faith. Who is he that overcometh the world(
ut he that elieveth that Jesus is the Son of &odF' 0 John 21= < 2/ We should
use the same ex"eriences in the life of our Lord to #ive us confidence in our %ather's willin#ness to less us.
)avin# s"ent the whole of John 04( 0= and 02 s"eakin# to the disci"les Jesusturns to his %ather in "rayer. )owever the su*ect matter does not chan#e. Sofar in the u""er room( and on the way to the Brook 9edron( Jesus has een
concerned to educate the disci"les in the matter of abidin"* )is "rayer to the%ather concentrates on unit#* That unity is etween the %ather and the son(
and etween the disci"les and the %ather and son.
This unity was to e achieved y the work of the %ather. Just as he had kept
the son@ Jesus asks that they e kept y the %ather. The mechanism that the%ather is ex"ected to use is worthy of consideration.
Jesus says 'kee" throu#h thy own name' John 0100/ which harks ack to thematter of askin# anythin# in my name stressin# that ein# ke"t y the father
reuires that we have a relationshi" with )im. We mi#ht wonder how the%ather will kee" the disci"les( ut we need not e left in dout ecause Jesus(in his "rayer( asks the %ather to continue the work that he started durin# hisministry sayin# 'While was with them ke"t them in thy name' John 0106/.We can see from the #os"el records that Jesus cared for the disci"les y his
attention to them as a she"herd cares for the flock. Jesus instructed them andcorrected their errors. This will e achieved in our lives y the livin# word of
&od and the chastenin# hand of the %ather < if we are willin# to 'endurechastenin#' )erews 061/.
We should not( however( assume that ein# 'ke"t' y the %ather ensures thatwe will not fall. Jesus 'ke"t' the disci"les ut he lost 'the son of "erdition'
John 0106/. Judas was lost ecause he did not 'endure chastenin#' )erews061/ and so was eventually #iven u" 'to a re"roate mind' Comans 0163/. The
reason is clear. Judas did not 'retain &od in his knowled#e' Comans 0163/.
The exhortation is clear for us too and Scri"ture aounds with exam"les of men fallin# away after ein# first delivered. Jude 2 )erews 4107 <0/.
Bein# 'ke"t' y the %ather involves our 'sanctification' John 010/ We aremade holy y the work of the %ather. Of course this must e so( as we cannot
make ourselves holy. The law teaches that corru"tion and uncleanness is"assed on ut holiness is not )a##ai 6106<04/. Sanctification comes throu#h'thy word' John 010/. This is why the !salmist ask us 'Wherewithal shall ayoun# man cleanse his wayF and #oes on to "rovide the answer y takin#heed thereto accordin# to thy word'. !salms 00515/. Thus we can see thatholiness is not an innate uality that we "osses ut is a uality that we can
acuire throu#h our dili#ent a""lication to the word of &od and the teachin# of the ,aster.
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The whole of the teachin# of the ,aster durin# his three and a half yearsministry is enca"sulated in the thin#s that he says to his disci"les in the u""er
room and on the way to the Brook Didron. f we wish to 'see &od' we mustmanifest that 'holiness' in our lives ,atthew 213/ Therefore we do well to take
heed to the exhortation #iven 'as unto children' )erews 0612/ for without
'holiness ... no man shall see the Lord' )erews 0610=/.
Jesus and the disci"les now 'went forth over the Brook Didron' John 0310/ tohis final last trial. We watch them crossin# the Didron and walkin# u" the
hillside into the #arden( wonderin# at the love of that man who 'lay down hislife for his friends' John 02104/.
They arrive in ðsemane
+vents as recorded in #os"el ,atthew ,ark Luke John time of day
Jesus (rays in ethsemane 2":!"-4" 14:2"-42 22:!9-4"
i*ht
Jesus betrayed arrested &orsaken 2":4#-" 14:4!-2 22:4#-! 18:2-12
+choes of the time when $avid fled from Asalom are clearly seen in thede"arture from Jerusalem( the crossin# of the Didron. and the "rayer in the
#arden of ðsemane.
$avid fleein# from Asalom Jesus #oin# to ðsemane
<a$id &)ees Jerusa)em &rom ;bsa)om Jesus )ea$es Jerusa)em
2 Samue) 1:2! <a$id rosses edron John 18:1 Jesus rosses edron
2 Samue) 1":" Shimei asts stones Luke 22:41 stones ast
2 Samue) 1:2" <a$id says thy wi)) be done Matthew 2":42 Jesus (rayed thy wi)) be done
2 Samue) 1:!1 <a$ids &ami)iar &riend with ;bsa)om
Matthew 2":4# Judas amon*st those ome totake Jesus
2 Samue) 1":9 ;bishai wou)d ki)) Shimei John 18:10 Peter uts o&& Ma)us ear
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The way in which the #os"el records "resent Jesus as followin# in the ste"s of his father $avid is desi#ned to make us realise that Jesus used the events of
the Old Testament to hel" him to decide how he should ehave.
9onsiderin# $avid at the time of the u"risin# of Asalom his own son had
risen u" a#ainst him. )is 'familiar friend' Ahitho"hel( his trusted counsellor had turned a#ainst him. $avid did not know how his &od would deal with the
issue so he fled Jerusalem. When he left the city he did not know whether &odwould restore the kin#dom to him or not. Iadok rou#ht the ark out of the cityto $avid. )owever $avid showed his willin#ness to acce"t the will of his &odsayin# '9arry ack the ark of &od into the city1 if shall find favour in the eyesof the LOC$( he will rin# me a#ain( and shew me oth it( and his haitation1
But if he thus say( have no deli#ht in thee@ ehold( here am ( let him do to meas seemeth #ood unto him'. 6 Samuel 02162 <67/. This res"onse is so close to
the way in which Jesus res"onded in his three "rayers in the #arden.
Jesus did not want to e crucified. )e told his disci"les 'my soul is exceedin#sorrowful' ,atthew 67143/. t is a#ainst this ack#round that Jesus "rays 'Omy %ather( if it e "ossile( let this cu" "ass from me1 nevertheless not as
will( ut as thou wilt.' ,atthew 67145/. This is the first "rayer recorded in the#arden. t was followed y two more. The second time he "rays for stren#th
that he mi#ht e ale to fulfil his %ather's will sayin#( 'O my %ather( if this cu"may not "ass away from me( exce"t drink it( thy will e done.' ,atthew 671=6/
and finally 'he left them( and went away a#ain( and "rayed the third time(sayin# the same words' ,atthew 671==/.
There comes a time when we know the %ather's will ut stru##le to kee" it. Wehave said all we can in "rayer. We have done all that it is "ossile for us to do.n such a circumstance we like Jesus( mi#ht do well to "ray 'sayin# the same
words'. We know that the %ather heard his son's #roanin#s for 'there a""earedan an#el unto him from heaven( stren#thenin# him.' Luke 661=4/. Whilst wecannot see the an#el we have the same confidence that 'if we ask any thin#
accordin# to his will( he heareth us1' 0 John 210=/
Jesus knew the outcome of the events in $avid's life when he fled from eforeAsalom. $avid indeed was rou#ht a#ain into the city. Bein# ale to identifywith his father $avid "rovided Jesus( in this time of #reat stress( with a role
model to co"y.
We do well to identify with faithful men and women in Scri"ture.
%riend
These are the only uses of the word 'friend' (&3 in the -ew Testament.,atthew 68104 66106 67128/ The first two are in "arales towards the end of
Jesus' life whereas the third is Jesus res"onse to Judas' kiss in the #arden of ðsemane.
n the two "arales the 'friend' is one who has een involved in the work,atthew 68104/ and one who has een idden to the marria#e ,atthew
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66106/. )owever neither of the friends lives u" to the ex"ectations of the onecallin# them 'friend'. n ,atthew 68 the laourer is not satisfied with what hehas a#reed to and in ,atthew 66 the 'friend' had not "re"ared himself for the
feast he had een called to.
n usin# this word in s"eakin# to Judas ,atthew 67/ Jesus is drawin# theattention of Judas to the two "arales and hi#hli#htin# that he shares the
characteristics of the individuals sin#led out for re"roof in them.
Summary Of The $ay Before The !assover
Like yesterday we are #iven little information aout the events of the daytimeactivities of Jesus. We learn aout the "lannin# of the !assover meal in a
location known to Jesus ut ke"t secret from all the other disci"les exce"t!eter and John.
The meal in the u""er room "rovides an insi#ht into the way in which thedisci"les had not learnt humility. They were still strivin# aout who was to ethe #reatest after three and a half years with Jesus. Jesus' o*ect lesson of
washin# their feet shows that actions can s"eak very "owerfully.
Judas' ehaviour matches his ehaviour last ni#ht.
Jesus knew that this was to e the last time he would have o""ortunity toinstruct his disci"les efore his death. )e used that time to finish the
instruction he had een #ivin# all throu#h his ministry. The disci"les showed
their inaility to understand what Jesus was sayin# in the many uestionsthey asked. Jesus manifested his "atience in the way that he took time out toanswer each and every uestion he was asked
)e "rayed for !eter and all the disci"les ecause he knew what was to comeand how they would res"ond.
n the #arden of ðsemane he turned to address his own needs. )e tookcomfort from the way that $avid had een delivered from the evil intentions of
Asalom so many years earlier.
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The Cesurrection ,ornin#.
Our studies have sto""ed efore we even #et to the trial of Jesus. )owever inour minds we should move on to the resurrections mornin#. A little thou#ht
aout our Lord's wakin# moments is a fittin# "lace to #o as we conclude thisstudy.
n The Tom +arly On The %irst day Of The Week
The toil and an#uish was all over. )e had cried 'into thy hands commend mys"irit' Luke 641=7/. With that he '#ave u" the s"irit' Luke 641=7/. )e had dieduickly and so his le#s were not roken. $outless the toil of the last threeyears had taken its toll on his ody. Amidst #reat ur#ency he was removed
from the cross and( had it not een for the care of two of his secret disci"leshe would have een cast into &henna. Jose"h of Arimathea went to !ilate( ande##ed the ody of Jesus. Then !ilate commanded the ody to e delivered.'
,atthew 6123/ whereu"on he and -icodemus took the ody( emalmed itwith aout an hundred "ounds wei#ht of myrrh and aloes efore "lacin# it in
-icodemus' own new tom. John 05145<=8 ,atthew 612<78/. As the Saathdrew on( when all work had to sto"( the women noted the "lace where Jesus
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was laid and de"arted( intendin# to return to com"lete the ritual of "re"arin#the ody for "ermanent rest in the #rave at a later date.
Three $ays And -i#hts
The next three days and ni#hts were "assed in de"ressed confusion y thewomen and the disci"les. They had thou#ht that Jesus was the one who wouldredeem srael( ut now he was dead in the #rave. On the first day of the week
various of the women *ourney towards the tom to com"lete the urial of their Lord. )owever y the time they arrive at the tom he is not there. ')e is risen'.
,atthew 6317 ,ark 0717/.
We wish to consider *ust a small "eriod of time whilst Jesus was in the tomand discuss Jesus' thou#hts on that resurrection mornin#.
Thou )ast Cedeemed ,e.Our Lord's last words( accordin# to Luke were 'into thy hands commend my
s"irit'. Luke 641=7/. These word showed Jesus' utter confidence in his father'saility to rin# him out of the #rave. $avid( in the !salms( s"eakin# in s"irit of
Jesus' thou#hts and words shows his confidence in his &od when he said'nto thine hand commit my s"irit' !salm 4012/. These words were doutless
in Jesus' mind as he died. The !salm continues ''thou hast redeemed me OLord &od of truth' and we can ima#ine that these were the first thou#hts in themind of our Lord on that resurrection mornin# as he awoke to newness of life.
There are other Scri"tures which could well have een in our Lord's mind onthat resurrection mornin#. )e had lain in the enclosed s"ace of the sealed
tom for three days and three ni#hts( his ody wra""ed in aout an hundred"ounds wei#ht of myrrh and aloes. The inside of the tom would not carry the
odour of death. Cather there would e the sweet odour of those two s"ices.
The Din#'s #arments
On that resurrection mornin# our Lord would have awoken to the sweet smellof the myrrh and aloes and we can ima#ine his mind turnin# to the !salms
a#ain.
!salm =2 s"eaks of the kin# ' s"eak of the thin#s that have made touchin#the kin# ...' !salm =210/. The kin# of whom the !salm s"eaks is indeed the
risen Lord for )erews 013( when discussin# the ma*esty of the risen Jesus(a""lies this !salm to the status of Jesus after his resurrection.
S"eakin# "ro"hetically of the risen Lord the !salmist says1< 'All thy #armentssmell of myrrh( and aloes( and cassia( out of the ivory "alaces( wherey theyhave made thee #lad.' !salm =213/. Whereas we mi#ht have thou#ht that the!salm was s"eakin# in symol of our Lord after his resurrection those words
of the !salm were actually true on that resurrection mornin#.
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The smell of the myrrh and aloes mi#ht well have rou#ht the !salm to mindand all the wonderful "romise that it contains.
So on that first day of the week the 'firstfruits of them that sle"t' could drawto#ether oth !salm 46 and !salm =2 and reflect on the ma*esty of those
thin#s that he had achieved y his resurrection.
The Odour Of The Cesurrection
The odour of myrrh and aloes < the odour of the resurrection < is somethin#that our Lord looks for in us. -ot that we have attained unto the resurrection of
the dead yet. )owever in this life we should e develo"in# that character which "leases him. )e is seekin# to create us as that '#lorious church nothavin# s"ot( or wrinkle( or any such thin#@ ut that it should e holy and
without lemish'. +"hesians 2162<6/. And so the woman is descried in theSon# of Solomon as 'A #arden inclosed is my sister( my s"ouse@ a s"rin# shut
u"( a fountain sealed. Thy "lants are an orchard of "ome#ranates( with"leasant fruits@ cam"hire( with s"ikenard( s"ikenard and saffron@ calamus and
cinnamon( with all trees of frankincense@ myrrh and aloes( with all the chief s"ices1' Son# of Solomon =106<0=/.
Our Lord would have us now manifestin# that odour of the resurrection thatwe mi#ht awake with his likeness.
A 9alendar Of +vents n The Last Week Of Jesus' Life And To TheCesurrection
<ays %e&ore
and a&ter the&east
.$ents o& the <ay <ay o& Month ;bib
'ime o& day
Jewish <ayo& week
enti)e <ayo& week
<ay
-i#ht
Jesus arri$esat
Iisan "/00(/m/
Friday
John 12:1 7 %ethany to )od*eeek)y Sabbath
9th e$enin*
"/00 am
th Friday
eek)y Sabbath 9th Mornin* th Saturday
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oon
"/00 (/m/
John 12:2 2 10th .$enin*
"/00 (/m/
0st Saturday
Mark 11:1-11
John 12:12
.ntry into Jerusa)em
,eturn
10th Mornin*
oon
"/00 (/m/
0st Sunday
= to %ethany 11th .$enin*
"/00 am
6nd Sunday
Mark 11:12-19
Fi* tree ursed
,eturn
11th mornin*
oon
"/00 (/m/
6nd Monday
4 to %ethany 12th e$enin*
"/00 am
4rd Monday
Mark 11:20
Fi* tree withered
>n the 'em()e
+)i$et (ro(hey
12th Mornin*
oon
"/00 (/m/
4rd 'uesday
Mark 14:1 6 Feast at %ethany 1!th .$enin*
"/00 am
=th 'uesday
Mark 14:12
=((er ,oom madeready
1!th Mornin*
oon
"/00 (/m/
=th ednesday
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0 Last Su((er
ethsemane
%etrayed G ;rrest
14th .$enin*
"/00 am
2th ednesday
John 19:!1
Mark 1:!4
$ay of !re"aration for
!assover
a day of unleavened
read
'ria) and rui&i6ion
Jesus dies K
Passo$er Lambki))ed
14th Mornin*
oon
!/00 (/m/
"/00 (/m/
2th 'hursday n thetom
Le$ 2!:"/# !assover Feast o& =n)ea$ened%read
Passo$er Sabbath
1th .$enin*
"/00 am
7th 'hursday 0
John 19:!1 first day hi*h day
Passo$er Sabbath
1th Mornin*
oon
"/00 (/m/
7th Friday 0
eek)y Sabbath 1"th .$enin*
"/00 am
th Friday 6
second day eek)y Sabbath 1"th Mornin*
"/00 am
th Saturday 6
,esurretion 1#th .$enin*
"/00 am
0st Saturday 4
Le$ 2!:11 third day o& Jesus 1#th Mornin*
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