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The Kingdom ProtistaChapter 20
Its Friday – make a new friend
A B tests
Kirk Kyle JC
Colin Jordenne Kaitlyn B
Kaylee Tyler Nichole
Tat will
Tonja Danika
Jonathan Shay
Kaitlin Maazy
Rayelle Duncan
Alexander
Paula
Katrina Alex H
Sophie Ciera
Sasha Brandon
Erin Gabe
Get to know your partnerBy seeing if they know…..
What is the loudest animal on earth?
sound clip
Blue whales are the loudest animals on Earth
Their call reaches levels up to 188 decibels.
This low-frequency whistle can be heard for hundreds of miles.
Jets reach 140 decibels!
Human shouting is 70 decibels;
over 120 decibels are painful to human ears.
Video clips
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5MPbZZ4xJA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9pjI2XkmoL0
How are Blue Whales and plankton connected?
Blue whales (like all baleen whales)
are seasonal feeders and carnivores that filter feed tiny crustaceans (krill, copepods, etc.), plankton, and small fish from the water.
Up to 9000 pounds of plankton each day!
The Food Chain
Blue whale Zooplankton Phytoplankton
PlanktonPhytoplankton:
Phytoplankton are primary producers (autotrophs).
Use chlorophyll to convert energy (from sunlight), inorganic chemicals (like nitrogen), and dissolved carbon dioxide gas into carbohydrates.
Zooplankton:
Zooplankton are microscopic animals that eat other plankton (heterotroph).
larval or very immature stages of larger animals,
single-celled animals, like foraminifera.
tiny crustaceans, like Daphnia.
Plankton
Plankton is the first link in the marine food chain
Consumed by mussels, fish, birds, and mammals (for example, baleen whales).
Soooooo
Can you think of a solution?
EutrophicationOrganic matter depletes the water of oxygen…
hypoxia
Any solutions to this?
1. Ciliophora 3. Zoomastigina2. Sarcodina 4. Sporozoa
1. Euglenophyta2. Pyrrophyta3. Chrysophyta4. Bacillariophyta
1. Acrasiomycota2. Myxomycota
Plant-Like Protists
1. PHYLUM - Euglenophyta
PHYTA = PLANT
Euglenophytes have two flagella but no cell wall.
a cluster of reddish pigments known as an eyespot which function to help find sunlight for photosynthesis.
NO cell wall, rather an intricate cell membrane called a pellicle
Euglenas reproduce asexually by means of binary fission
2. Phylum - PYRROPHYTA
PYRRO = FIREDinoflagellates are plant-like organisms that can be photosynthetic or heterotrophicMost have 2 flagella wrapped around in
grooves between 2 thick plates of cellulose that protect the cell
Most reproduce asexually by binary fission
Many species are luminescent
Phylum Chrysophyta
Members have gold-colored chloroplasts
-Includes yellow-green algae and golden-brown algae
Reproduction can be sexual or asexual
CHRYSO = GOLDEN
PHYLUM : Bacillariophyta
Diatoms produce thin, delicate cell walls rich in silicon (the main ingredient in glass)Diatoms are among the most abundant organisms
on EarthDiatoms are beautiful!
Exit-slip
In your own words why are plant-like protists important? What do you think about such small creatures fueling the largest on earth? Does it surprise you? What ideas does this bring to mind?
2. FUNGAL-LIKE PROTISTS4. PHYLUM : ACRASIOMYCOTA
- Form Cellular Slime Molds
5. PHYLUM :
Myxomycota
Form Non-cellular (Acellular) Slime Molds called Plasmodiums
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GScyw3ammmk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1QddysUEjU&feature=related
Commonly called “DOG VOMIT Slime Mold”
Chlorophyll & Acessory PigmentsOne of the key characteristics used to classify algae is
the type of photosynthetic pigments they contain
In adapting to conditions of limited light, various groups of algae have evolved different forms of chlorophyllChlorophyll aChlorophyll bChlorophyll c
Each form of chlorophyll absorbs different wavelengths of lightMany algae also have accessory pigments that absorb light
at different wavelengths than chlorophyll
Euglenophytes
Red TidesGreat blooms of the
dinoflagellates Gonyoulax Polyhedron have occurred in recent years on our coasts
These blooms are known as “red tides”
These species release a potentially harmful toxin that infect certain shellfish
Eating these infected shellfish can be harmful or fatal Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
Plant-Like Protists: Red, Brown, and Green Algae
The 3 phyla of algae that are largely multicellular are commonly known as red algae, brown algae, and green algaeA major difference
among these phyla are their photosynthetic pigments
Red AlgaeRed algae are plant-like protists that are
members of the phylum RhodophytaMeaning “red plants”
Red algae are able to live at great depths due to their efficiency in harvesting reddish accessory pigments called phycobilinsPhycobilins absorb blue light, enabling red algae
to live deeper in the ocean
Most red algae are multicellular and can live in waters from the polar regions to the tropicsExample: Chondrus crispus (irish moss)
Red Algae
Chondrus crispus
(Irish moss)
Turkish Towel
Brown Algae
Brown algae are plant-like protists that belong to the phylum PhaeophytaMeans “dusky plants”
Brown algae contain chlorophyll a and c, as well as a brown accessory pigment, fucoxanthin
All brown algae are multicellular and most live in cool, shallow, coastal marine watersExamples: giant kelp, Sargassum, and Fucus
Brown Algae
Giant kelp
Green AlgaeGreen algae are members of the phylum
ChlorophytsMeans “green plants”
Green algae share many characteristics with plants, including their photosynthetic pigments and cell wall compositionHave cellulose in cell wallContain chlorophyll a and bStore food in the form of starch
Green algae can be found in fresh or salt waterSome are single cells (ex: Chlamydomonas)Some form colonies (ex: Volvox)Some are multi-cellular (ex: Ulva)
Green Algae
Chlamhydomonas
unicellular
green algae
Volvox
colonial
green algae
Ulva
multicellular
green algae
Human Uses of AlgaeIce creams
Salad dressings
Plastics
Waxes
Deodorants
Paints
Agar
Fungus-Like Protists
Fungus-like protists are heterotrophs that absorb nutrients from dead or decaying organic matterUnlike true fungi, however, funguslike protists have
centrioles and lack chitin in their cell wall
The fungus-like protists include:Cellular slime moldsAcellular slime moldsWater molds
Slime MoldsSlime molds are fungus-like protists that play key
roles in recycling organic materialThey are found in damp places that are rich in organic
matter, such as forest floors
The 2 groups of slime molds are:Cellular slime molds (individual cells remain distinct)Acellular slime molds (cells fuse to form larger cells
during some life cycle phases)
Cellular Slime MoldsCellular slime molds
belong to the phylum Acrasiomycots Individuals can form large
slug-like colony that functions as a single unit during harsh times
Acellular Slime Molds
Acellular slime molds belong to the phylum MyxomycotaDuring the course of their life
cycle, their cells fuse to produce structures with many nuclei known as plasmodia
Water Molds
Water molds are members of the phylum OomycotaThey thrive on
dead or decaying organic matter in water and are plant parasites on land