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The The JunoJuno New Frontiers New Frontiers MissionMissionRosalyn A. Pertzborn
Director, OSSE
Juno E/PO Lead
Madison, WI
May 9th, 2006
Office of Space Science Education
Space Science & Engineering Center
University of [email protected]
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 2
JunoJuno Mission OverviewMission Overview
• Dr. Scott Bolton of SwRI, in San Antonio, TX is Principal Investigator for Juno, the second mission in NASA’s New Frontiers Program
• Scheduled for Launch in August, 2011
• Upon arrival in 2016, the simple spinning solar-powered spacecraft will go into a highly elliptical pole to pole orbit, avoiding the bulk of Jupiter’s radiation
• Operations are repeatable, cyclic and designed to reduce overall cost
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 3
JunoJunoMission Overview, continued… Mission Overview, continued…
• Juno will help reveal the answers to the remaining mysteries of Jupiter and our solar system by investigating Jupiter’s core, water, upper atmosphere, and magnetosphere
• Suite of eight instruments will collect data on:– Jupiter’s Gravity Field– Aurora– Deep Atmospheric Structure
– Magnetosphere • JunoCam will enable students to capture the
first images of Jupiter’s North Pole!
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 4
JunoJuno
Juno Project Organization
Telecom PEMAnthony Mittskus (JPL)
NASANew Frontiers Program Office
Principal InvestigatorDr. Scott Bolton, SwRI
Deputy Principal InvestigatorDr. Jack Connerney, GSFC
Deputy Project ScientistDr. Steve Levin, JPL
Science Investigation Office Mgr.Bill Gibson (SwRI)
Science Team
Education & Public OutreachRosalyn Pertzborn (U. WI)
CTM for LM ContractRick Nybakken
Business ManagerCindy Cornish (JPL)
PRA(JPL)Scott Johnston
Payload Mgmt. OfficePhil Morton (JPL)
Flight System OfficeAl Herzl (LM)
Mission SystemsMgmt. Office
Steve Matousek (JPL)
Science Ops & Data Center Mgr.Bill Gibson (SwRI)
Advisory Board
PI, ChairChris Jones (Dir, SSED, JPL)
Jim Crocker (VP, LM)Jim Burch (VP, SwRI)
Project ManagerRick Grammier (JPL)
Deputy Project ManagerRick Nybakken (JPL)
MA ManagerSammy Kayali (JPL)
Radiation Env. EngineerMag Control & EMC Engineer
System Safety Engineer
Project System EngineerDr. Doug Bernard (JPL)
Radiation System Engineer (JPL)Flight Sys. Insight-Oversight Team (JPL)
Launch Vehicle (KSC)
MWR (JPL)MAG SHM (JPL)Gravity Science (JPL)MAG Flux Gate (GSFC)JADE (SwRI)UVS (SwRI)WAVES (UnivofIowa)EPD (APL)Camera (Malin)
*
*Note: Telecom PEM reports directly to PM/DPMFor cost, schedule, and technical performance; and to LM FSM for technical and schedule delivery
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 5
JunoJuno Presentation Overview Presentation Overview
• The Mythology
• Why Juno?
• Science
• Mission
• Spacecraft
• Payload
• Operations
• Education
• Conclusion-DVD
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 6
JunoJuno The MythologyThe Mythology
Juno, the god-sister-wife of Jupiter, maintained a constant, jealous vigil over her god-husband’s dalliances from Mount Olympus. When Jupiter had his tryst with Io, he spread a veil of clouds
around the entire planet to conceal his activities. Upon observing the cloud-cloaked planet, Juno immediately suspected Jupiter of concealing activities that would not bear the light.
Hence, Juno came down from Mount Olympus and employed her special powers to penetrate the clouds and reveal the true nature of Jupiter….
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 7
JunoJuno Why Juno?Why Juno?
• Peering down through the clouds and deep into Jupiter’s atmosphere, Juno will reveal fundamental processes of the formation and early evolution of our solar system
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 8
JunoJunoThe Giant Planet StoryThe Giant Planet Story
• Solar systems containing Giant Planets such as our own, may be required for life to originate
• The history of our solar system truly is found in the formation of the planet Jupiter!
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 9
JunoJuno Juno Science ObjectivesJuno Science Objectives
OriginDetermine Oxygen/Hydrogen ratio (water abundance) and constrain core mass to decide among alternative theories of origin.
InteriorUnderstand Jupiter's interior structure and dynamical properties by mapping its gravitational and magnetic fields
AtmosphereMap variations in atmospheric composition, temperature, cloud opacity and dynamics to depths greater than 100 bars at all latitudes.
MagnetosphereCharacterize and explore the three-dimensional structure of Jupiter's polar magnetosphere and auroras.
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 10
JunoJuno OriginOrigin
• Juno’s Oxygen measurements discriminate among Jupiter’s formation scenarios.
• Ar, Kr, Xe, C, and S abundances are well determined, however Oxygen is not yet determined.
• Juno will determine both the N and O abundances essential for understanding the environment in which Jupiter’s originated.
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 11
JunoJunoJupiter’s Interior
•Thick atmosphere
- Galileo probe reached at least ~ 23 bars
•Liquid layer under high pressure
•Metallic hydrogen
- under extreme pressure the electrons move freely, creating a
conducting layer, and leading to a dynamo and
radio emissions
•Rocky core at center
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 12
JunoJuno InteriorInterior
• Juno will investigate the structure and convection of Jupiter’s interior by reaching through the meteorological layer.
• Gravity sounding explores the mass distribution and core inside of the planet.
• A possible inner “rock” core is shown, surrounded by a “blue” metallic hydrogen envelope and “yellow” outer envelope of molecular H, all hidden beneath the visible cloud deck.
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 13
JunoJuno InteriorInterior
• Juno will measure variations of the magnetic field to determine flow patterns on the core surface.
• The figure shows a plausible Jovian dynamo with columnar structures in the flow organized about a putative (assumed) core.
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 14
JunoJuno AtmosphereAtmosphere
• The depth of Jupiter’s wind zones, belts, and other features remains one of the most outstanding fundamental questions regarding Jovian atmospheric dynamics.
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 15
JunoJuno Atmosphere - Two Possible ScenariosAtmosphere - Two Possible Scenarios
• Juno provides three-dimensional views of the atmosphere to depths greater than 100 bars to resolve the basic question of the circulation depth.
• Top Panel (Scenario 1): Large-scale flow dominates and the belt-zone structure penetrates to depth > 200 bars.
• Bottom Panel (Scenario 2): small-scale convection dominates and belt zone structure disappears below the
water cloud base at 6 bars.
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 16
JunoJuno MagnetosphereMagnetosphere
• Jupiter’s powerful magnetospheric dynamics create the brightest aurora in our solar system, as electrons and ions precipitate down into its atmosphere.
• The three auroral types in this HST UV image are signatures of Jupiter’s momentum transfer processes.
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 17
JunoJuno MagnetosphereMagnetosphere
• Juno’s measurements will target each critical path in this closed circuit that transfers angular momentum from Jupiter to its nebula.
• Juno measures the distinct signatures of different auroral processes as it traverses the poles to greatly improve our understanding of one of the solar systems most remarkable phenomena.
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 18
JunoJuno MissionMission• In August, 2011
Juno will be launched from Cape Canaveral using an Atlas 551 rocket.
• ~ 2 years after launch an Earth flyby will give the spacecraft an additional energy assist to reach Jupiter ~ 5 years after launch.
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 19
JunoJuno Jupiter OrbitJupiter Orbit
• After orbital insertion (October 2016), Juno will spend most of the mission away from Jupiter’s high radiation environment.
• The line of apsides (furthest distance from planet) moves southward over mission lifetime.
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 20
JunoJuno SpacecraftSpacecraft
• The solar powered, Spinning Spacecraft built by Lockheed-Martin, provides stability, accurate pointing and simple operations.
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 21
JunoJuno Spacecraft Detail (1)Spacecraft Detail (1)
• Roomy upper deck easily accommodates instruments.
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 22
JunoJuno Spacecraft Detail (2)Spacecraft Detail (2)
• All components are balanced to facilitate spacecraft spin
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 23
JunoJuno Payload (1)Payload (1)
• Spacecraft design fully accommodates all science instruments.
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 24
JunoJuno Payload(2)Payload(2)
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 25
JunoJuno OperationsOperations
• Juno wraps Jupiter in a uniform net, enabling observations that constrain Jupiter’s core and characterize it’s Dynamo.
• The one year nominal mission will include 32 orbits of ~ 11days/orbit.
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 26
JunoJuno Jupiter Orbit GeometryJupiter Orbit Geometry
100 000 km
Inbound Trajectory
Callisto
26.3 Rj
Io
5.9 Rj
Europa
9.4 Rj
Ganymede
15.0 Rj
Line of apsides at start of mission (2.1º)
Line of apsides at E
OM (32.5º)
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 27
JunoJuno Operations (1)Operations (1)
• The mission requires only two Spacecraft attitudes during science perijove (nearest Jupiter) passages, thereby simplifying operations.
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 28
JunoJuno Operations (2)Operations (2)
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 29
JunoJuno EducationEducation
• Juno’s Educational Mission reaches out to communities with historically limited access to NASA resources, facilities and people, particularly:– Rural America– Native American Communities– Young Women– Communities with substantial
minority populations
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 30
JunoJuno JunoCamJunoCam
• JunoCam is an Educational Instrument that will allow students to take the mission’s first visible images of Jupiter’s poles!
• Juno engages the public and students in the its eleven year journey to discover the
“Giant Planet Story”
JunoJuno
31Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006
Juno.wisc.eduJuno.wisc.edu
Rosalyn Pertzborn – UW Space Place, 9 May 2006 32
JunoJuno