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COMPILED BY HOWIE BAUM
THE INTERNET OF THINGS
WHAT IS THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)?The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects—devices, vehicles, buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connections—that let these objects collect and exchange data.
IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing networks, creating opportunities for more direct communication between the physical world and computer-based systems, resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy of all of the systems, and providing good economic benefits for people.
WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF AN INTERNET OF THINGS DEVICE?
Pretty much any physical object can be transformed into an IoT device if it can be connected to the internet and controlled that way.
A lightbulb that can be switched on or brightened / darkened, using a smartphone app
A motion sensor turns on a securityCamera and the image can be seen by person with an app on their smart phone
A smart Nest thermostat in your home or office. The center area color turns reddish as it is turned up and bluish as its turned down.
It not only lets you set your home temperature but it also tells you the
Time
Date
The weather conditions outside.
Can be changed with your smart phone
Nest has been the leader in the Smart Thermostat industry for a while. By downloading an App to your smart phone, you are able to set the temperature through your phone, even when you're not around.
But when you are home, wouldn't it be cool just to ask Google to turn up the heat?
Well, you can with just a few steps.
1. Setup your Google Home and Nest Thermostat
2. Learn how to link the two by following the steps here. https://support.google.com/assistant/answer/7314909
When all is done, try asking Google some of these phrases:
Hey Google, what’s the temperature inside?Hey Google, make it warmer.Ok Google, set the temperature to 68 degrees.Ok Google, raise the temperature 72 degrees.
Plenty of smart door locks offer hands-free unlocking through Google Assistant, Google’s digital voice assistant available on smartphones and smart speakers.
Nest and Google announced that the Nest x Yale lock will gain compatibility with the Google Assistant.
In more concrete terms, it’ll add voice commands to let users remotely check the status of the lock and lock their doors from any location. For example, you can lock the door automatically before going to bed by saying ‘Hey Google, goodnight and it will lock your doors and turn off any downstairs lights that you want off.”
Other Nest connected devices that relate to the Internet of Things are:
Nest Secure alarm system ------------------
Nest Protect smoke alarm
Nest Cam IQ outdoor security camera -----
Nest Hello video doorbell
Altogether, they represent a bid for a lucrative market that’s forecast to exceed $53.45 billion by 2022.
or as serious as a driverless truck
As complicated as a jet engine that's now filled with thousands of sensors collecting and transmitting data back to make sure it is operating efficiently.
At an even bigger scale, smart cities projects are filling entire regions with sensors to help us understand and control the environment.
Today, there are over 25 Billion devices connected to the Internet.
As the Infographic shows, it is estimated that there will be 328 million things connected to the Internet, each month !!
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WHY IS THIS THE RIGHT TIME FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS ?
1) Internet is become more widely available
2) The cost of connecting is decreasing
3) More devices are being created with Wi-Fi capabilities and sensors built into them
4) technology costs are going down
5) Smartphone penetration is sky-rocketing.
6) All of these things are creating a "perfect storm" for the IoT.
While the term Internet of Things (IoT) is relatively new, the idea behind it is not. We have anticipated the arrival of the “intelligent ambient” since the 1960’s – if not before.
The fictional worlds of the Jetsons, Star Trek and Dr. Who introduced new technologies and capabilities but in reality, we were technically limited by the size, power, sensitivity and accuracy of what we could build.
Fast forward nearly 50 years, and we’ve finally developed “smart” technologies that are beginning to realize the vision for a Smart Planet, Smart Cities, Smart Transportation, Smart Grid, Smart Medicine, and more.
We are on the verge of a proliferation of electronics not seen since the introduction of the cell phone and laptop computer.
We are on the threshold of the Internet of Things, with trillions of connected devices to address nearly every facet of our lives, within the next 15 years.
THE INTERNET OF THINGS IS THE MAIN PART OF THE 4TH
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION !!
What Do Steam, Science, and Digital Technology Have in Common?
These are the first three industrial revolutions that transformed our modern society. With each of these three advancements
The first IndustrialRevolution
The steam engine
2nd - The age of science and mass production
The Third Industrial Revolution, or the Digital Revolution, refers to the advancement of technology from analog electronic and mechanical devices to the digital technology available today.
The era started during the 1980s and is ongoing. Advancements during the Third Industrial Revolution include the personal computer, the internet, and information and communications technology.
And so here we are, all of us together, poised at the beginning of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
But this time, the revolution is powered by:
Digital technologies
The Cloud
Social media
New forms of transportation
The Internet of things (IoT) with wireless connectivity and smart, small sensors
Artificial intelligence (AI)
The Cisco electronics company calls it the Internet of Everything (IoE)
A TIMELINE OF THE 4 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS !
There are three aspects to the IoT –
1) The central computing resource (the Cloud)
2) The access points and hubs (gateways)
3) The distributed sensor nodes (swarm) that continuously sense their environment for changes.
Cloud computing is a type of computing that relies on shared computing resources rather than having local servers or personal devices to handle applications.
In its most simple description, cloud computing is taking services ("cloud services") and moving them outside an organization's firewall.
Applications, programs, memory storage, and other services are accessed via the Web.
The services are delivered and used over the Internet and are paid for by the cloud customer on an as-needed or pay-per-use business model.
The Cloud actually is large data centers in buildings around the world that contain thousands of high speed
computer servers
Total Cost of Ownership
NEW TERMS IN RELATION TO CLOUD COMPUTING –CLOUD, FOG AND MIST
As more capabilities have moved into the cloud, the cloud’s limitations and drawbacks have become more evident.
In particular, they have discovered that the Internet of Things (IoT)—which is experiencing huge growth—doesn’t always work that well with the current form of cloud computing.
What does IoT have to do with cloud computing? A lot, actually, because many parts of IoT are powered by cloud computing.
It might be a simple case of controlling your thermostat remotely on your smart phone by connecting to the cloud.
Or you might use cloud storage to store the footage recorded by a network of security cameras. All in all, IoT and cloud computing usually complement each other quite well.
SECURITY CAMERA HUMOR !
To combat the problem of too much work required in the Cloud, network designers are proposing methods so the computing power is distributed more evenly around the network.
These architectures push the processing capability out to the edge of the network, closer to the source of the data. Such techniques are called fog computing and mist computing. The Edge Layer is where the device sensors are located.
The quickest way to understand these two architectures and how they differ from each other is to understand the cloud, fog, and mist phenomena in the everyday, meteorological sense. In real life, a cloud is thick with heavy condensed water hanging high in the sky, far away from the ground. Fog, on the other hand, is the less thick condensed water located below the clouds, and mist is the thin layer of floating water droplets located on the ground.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT AREAS THAT THE INTERNET OF THINGS CONNECTS TO ?
BUILDINGS
PEOPLE AND THE HOME
ENERGY AND WATER UTILITIES
HEALTH CARE
INDUSTRIAL MANUFACTURING BUSINESSES
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT)
RETAIL BUSINESSES
SECURITY AND PUBLIC SAFETY
TRANSPORTATION
Driving Forces of IoT
1. Sensor Technology – Tiny, Cheap, Variety
2. Cheap Miniature Computers
3. Low Power Connectivity
4. Capable Mobile Devices
5. Power of the Cloud for high level computing
1. Sensor Technology
Accelerometer(4mm diameter)
Pulse Sensor$25
Force Sensor(0.1N – 10N)
With the growth and development of these types of very small electronic technologies, it will provide more opportunities to put them into devices that interact with the IoT.
MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)
NEMS (Nano electro Mechanical Systems)
SOC (System on Chips)
MEMS parts and chips
2. Cheap Mini Computers
RASPBERRY Pi COMPUTER CIRCUIT BOARD
(Currently costs $35.00 and much less in quantities)
3. Low Power Connectivity
Bluetooth Smart (4.0) –signal can be sent up to 200 feet away, instead of only 30 feet with standard Bluetooth.
(can operate up to 2 years with a single Coin-cell battery)
4. Capable Mobile Devices
Quad Core 1.5 GHz (billion cycles per second processor)128 GB (billion bytes) Internal Memory3 GB (billion bytes) of RAM (Random Access Memory), 16 MegaPixel (Million Pixels) Camera2160p@30fps video, WiFI, GPS, BLE (Bluetooth, Low Energy)
5. Power of the Cloud
THE SMART CITY
With increases in population leading to more and more people moving back to cities, one of the most important functions of the Internet of Things will be with sensing, controlling, and regulating all of the main systems within the typical city.
In October, 2017, the country of Dubai launched a strategy to build the world's most advanced IoT ecosystem.
It will be rolled out in four phases over the coming three years.
The UAE Prime Minister, Sheikh Mohammed, Ruler of Dubai also launched the 'Data Wealth' initiative, which will protect the emirate’s data and identity government and private entities with “Dubai Digital Certificates” for their security efforts.
The IoT strategy is designed to protect data wealth and encourage government departments to take part in the Smart Dubai Plan 2021, which the government says will lead to the creation of a 100 percent paperless government.
So that we can better understand the scope of Smart Cities, let us look at the vision as defined with the city of Dubai and others, the picture below shows a classification of focus areas into virtual dimensions:
This diagram shows all of the various electric and gas power, water, and other areas in a typical large city, that
can be monitored and controlled accurately by the Internet of Things
Smart Appliances
Healthcare
Information
Wearable Tech
48
HOW MUCH IS A BYTE?
Education – Partnership – Solutions
Information SecurityOffice of Budget and Finance
The Open Messaging Interface project is funded by the Academy of Finland.
The goal of the project is to enable city systems that have been closed and separate, to inter-operate with other systems as and when needed, to improve people's lives in many ways.
As a very good example of a company that produces sensors and systems to communicate with other systems, the Libelium company is one with complete capabilities.
The following are 12 areas where the Internet of Things can really help to organize systems:
SMART CITIES
1 Smart ParkingMonitoring of parking spaces availability in the city.
2 Structural healthMonitoring of vibrations and material conditions in buildings, bridges and historical monuments.
3 Noise Urban MapsSound monitoring in bar areas and centric zones in real time.
4 Smartphone DetectionDetect iPhone and Android devices and in general any device which works with WiFi or Bluetooth interfaces.
5 Electromagnetic Field LevelsMeasurement of the energy radiated by cell stations and WiFi routers.
6 Traffic CongestionMonitoring of vehicles and pedestrian levels to optimize driving and walking routes.
7 Smart LightingIntelligent and weather adaptive lighting in street lights.
8 Waste ManagementDetection of rubbish levels in containers to optimize the trash collection routes.
9 Smart RoadsIntelligent Highways with warning messages and diversions according to climate conditions and unexpected events like accidents or traffic jams.
Sensors are used in the fields to sense moisture and nutrients, efficient use of water for growing plants and determining the best use of fertilizers are some simple uses of IoT.
THE INTERNET OF THINGS AND CONNECTION TO OUR MEDICAL SYSTEMS
THESE ARE ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS THAT ARE THE NODES WHICH SENSE CHANGES IN OUR ENVIRONMENT TO IMPROVE A PROCESS.
THEY CAN BE MEDIUM SIZE LIKE THESE OR THOSE ON THE NEXT SET OF PAGES OR VERY SMALL SUCH AS MEMS (MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS), LIKE THOSE SHOWN AT THE END OF THE PICTURES.
TYPICAL LIBELIUM SENSORS AND DEVICES TO SEND SIGNALS TO THE CLOUD FROM THE SENSORS FOR IoT APPLICATIONS
This is what the sensors look like for various applications. The sensors are below the control unit and the vertical rod by the side of it is an aerial for sending a signal to the Cloud or another receiving device.
A MEMS (microelectromechanical system) is a miniature machine that has both mechanical and electronic components.
The physical dimension of a MEMS can range from several millimeters to less than one micrometer, a dimension many times smaller than the width of a human hair.
The MEMS shown below, at right, is actually a disposable, wearable insulin pump for managing diabetes.
The chip is a stack of 3 layers bonded together: a silicon on insulator (SOI) plate with micro-machined pump structures and two silicon cover plates with through-holes. A piezoelectric actuator on the chip moves the membrane in a reciprocating movement to compress and decompress fluid in the pumping chamber.
TYPES OF SENSORS
OTHER COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF MEMS INCLUDE:
Sensor-driven heating and cooling systems for building management systems.
Micro-mirror arrays for high definition projection systems.
Smart dust for the detection of environmental changes in molecular manufacturing (nanotechnology) clean rooms.
Micronozzles to control the flow of ink in inkjet printers.
Tiny gyroscopes,barometers, accelerometers, andmicrophones to support mobile apps.
Disposable pressure sensors for use in healthcare.
Optical switching devices that allow one optical signal to control another optical signal.
This annulus resonator gyroscope, designed and made in Georgia Tech cleanroom facilities, is a mere 800 microns across yet measures rotation around two in-plane axes —pitch and roll. A similar design being developed measures rotation around all three axes —yaw, pitch, and roll — using a single tiny device.
THE SMART HOUSEIn 2003, the UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) came up with the following definition for a smart home: "A dwelling incorporating a communications network that connects the key electrical appliances and services, and allows them to be remotely controlled, monitored or accessed.”
Smart homes use 'home automation' technologies to provide home owners with 'intelligent' feedback and information by monitoring many aspects of a home.
For example, a smart home's refrigerator may be able to list its contents, suggest menus, recommend healthy alternatives, and order replacements as food is used up. A smart home might even take care of feeding the cat and watering the plants.
THE INTERNET OF THINGS AND CONNECTIONS IN OUR HOMES
SAMSUNG has revealed a next-gen version of its Family Hub smart refrigerator that can give you recipes based on what's inside your fridge.
The genius kitchen appliance promises to help you plan meals using personal info on food preferences, diet restrictions, and even food expiration dates.
It boasts a double-door American style design that includes a large touchscreen display, plus interior cameras that let you check up on your fridge using a smartphone.
There's also a new Deals app that helps you find great bargains and save them to your virtual Shopping List, or a loyalty card.
WHY BE CONCERNED ABOUT IOT?
It’s just another computer, right?
◦ All of the same issues we have with access control, vulnerability management,
◦ patching, monitoring, etc.
◦
◦ Imagine your network with
1,000,000 more devices
◦ Any compromised device
◦ is a foothold on the network
One of the most important cloud computing trends 2018 will see is the increased solutions the cloud will bring to security.
Many experts predict 2018 will see more individual and state-sponsored attacks aimed at undermining cloud infrastructure security.
Cyber-attacks are also becoming more sophisticated which means anyone in charge of their company’s security will need to become more sophisticated in the way they detect and prevent these attacks.
Cloud services will be able to help companies with their security measures by offering managed security services.
Threat vs. Opportunity
If misunderstood and misconfigured, IoT poses risk to our data, privacy, and safety.
If understood and secured, IoT will enhance communications, lifestyle, and delivery of services.
Education – Partnership – Solutions
Information SecurityOffice of Budget and Finance
THE END (EXCEPT FOR GREAT HUMOR ABOUT THE SUBJECT) ☺☺☺☺☺
Think of all the humorous appliance conversations in your home, after you bought and set up your new smart home refrigerator, thermostat, washer, dryer, microwave, range, TVs, computers, smart phones and even toasters on the Internet, or at least connecting them so they can talk to each other.
What would a toaster would say to a TV, or what would the conversations between a washer and a dryer ?
