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The International Year of Sanitation2008

– How do donors contribute?

”Kretsløpsdagen 4.6.2008University of Life Sciences, UMB, Ås

Semund Haukland, Norad

What’s happening?

This presentation:•covers parts of what’s happening at global, regional and local level• will give a brief introduction to monitoring of the MDGs

Important: •The role of donors is limited, and is onlysupplementary to what is being done by the contries and people themselves!

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Women/children + latrined

Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

MDG 7, Target 10

UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY DECLARES 2008 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF SANITATION

Dec. 20, 2006

"The absence of sanitation and hygiene from muchof the discussion about water, health and development has found various explanationsover the years. What is clear is that excreta and its disposal have been and continue to be, unpopular subjects from the local to international levels. Without strong championsto raise public awareness and generate concern, the sanitation crisis has not been met withanything resembling the kind of responsenecessary to make substantial and sustainablegains.”

- UN Millennium Project Task Force on Water and Sanitation

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UNSGAB believes that the IYS:

• is a critical mechanism for finding “strongchampions” who will respond to the world'ssanitation crisis,

• stimulate a frank dialogue at all levels while• creating a context for political leadership and • government commitments to allocate greater

resources to sanitation for the poor.

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Sanitation and hygiene

7. Access to water and sanitation

1. Poverty and Hunger

Linkages to MDGs

3. Gender equality

4. Reduced child

mortality

6.Combating disease:

(HIV, malaria...)

2. Universal primary

education

Why is Sanitation Important?

• Sanitation is vital for human health• Sanitation generates economic benefits• Sanitation contributes to dignity and

social development• Sanitation helps the environment• Improving sanitation is achievable

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• AfricaSan+5, in Durban, South Africa, February 18- 21, 2008

• 600 delegates: including 32 African government ministers responsible for sanitation-related portfolios

• The Ministers signed the eThekwini Declaration in which, among other undertakings, they pledged to create separate budget lines for sanitation and hygiene in their countries and to commit at least 0.5 percent of GDP.

• The eThekwini Declaration will be presented to the African Union at its 2008 Heads of State and Government Summit to be held in Egypt in July 2008.

Four Regional Sanitation Conferences

• LatinoSan, • SacoSan - III• EaSan,• AfricaSan

(Unicef, WSP, WSSCC, bilateral donors)

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GLOBAL SANITATION FUND The Global Sanitation Fund is not a

separate organization but simplya financing mechanism established to

boost expenditure on sanitationand hygiene in accordance with national

sanitation and hygiene policies.The fundamental goal is to help large numbers of poor people attain safe

and sustainable sanitation services and adopt good hygiene practices.

The GSF supports other organisations’ implementation work

by giving grants from a pooled global fund to selected organisations in

eligible countries.

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GLOBAL SANITATION FUND • Launched in Geneva March14th 2008.• Supported by theNetherlands/DGIS; US $ 44 millioner. • Sweden (US $ 7 millioner), SDC and DFID have alsoindicated support.• Norway has provided longlasting support to WSSCC, thehost of GSF.

What is Norway doing?

The Norwegian action plan for environment in development co-operation,

June 2006:

Norway intends to:• promote environment-based private sector development as a

means of creating growth, providing employment and achievingenvironmental goals (e.g. through the development ofenvironmental technology, renewable energy resources, and water and sanitation technology).

• focus attention on the importance of sanitation and hygiene, and ofreducing contamination of water resources

• support the improvement of water supply and sanitary conditions in other sectors, for example by supporting the installation ofsatisfactory water supplies and sanitary and hygiene facilities in schools and health institutions

• assist priority countries in achieving water and sanitation targets, focusing particularly on sanitation

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Some Norwegian contributions: • WSSCC • WSP (Water and Sanitation Program)• The Water Financing Partnership Facility in

the Asian Development Bank• UN-Habitat• Unicef• RWSSI in the AfDB (through the ADF X)• African Water Facility (AWF)• UN-Water• Some bilateral support• Mixed credits to projects in China and

Vietnam

Current Sector Status

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Progress in Africa towards theMDG sanitation target

MDG sanitation target:Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without access to basic sanitation

AfricaBaseline 1990: 67% without access to basic sanitationMDG target 2015: 34% without access to basic sanitation

MDG indicator for access to basic sanitation:“Proportion of people using an improved sanitation facility, urban and rural

WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programmefor Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP)

Mandated by the UN to monitor global progress towards the MDG water and sanitation target

Use of national data sources:National censusesHousehold sample surveys (DHS, MICS, WHS, LSMS, CWIQ etc.)

Use of standard definitions and indicators to ensure data are comparable between countries and over time

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Percentage of population using an improved sanitation facility, 2006

No data

0 - 25%

26 - 50%

51 - 75%

76 - 100%

Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations and WHO.

In 16 of the 54 countries in Africa,

sanitation coverage is less than 25 per cent

(MDG target)

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38 41

66

0

20

40

60

80

100

Cov

erag

e (%

)

1990 2006 2015Sanitat ion trend

Trend required for M DG target

The Bad News: Africa is not on track to meet the MDG sanitation target

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Progress towards the MDG Sanitation target, 2006

Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations and WHO.

Insufficient or no data

On track

Not on track

Progress but insufficient

The Good News: Five countries in Africa are on track to meet the MDG sanitation target

MDG definitionsMDG definitions

Improved sanitation• Flush/pour flush to:

• piped sewer system

• septic tank

• pit latrine

• Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine

• Pit latrine with slab

• Composting toilet

Unimproved sanitation• Pit latrine without slab/

open pit

• Bucket

• Hanging toilet/hanging latrine

• Flush/pour flush to elsewhere

• No facilities, bush or field (open defecation)

• Shared or public facilities

An improved sanitation facility hygienically separates human waste from human contact

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% practising open defecation

% using unimproved facilities

% using shared sanitation

% using improved sanitation

Trends in sanitation practices, 1990 - 2006

3338

13

17

21

22

3225

1990 2006

Cov

erag

e (p

erce

ntag

e)

All Africa

Sanitation practices by African subSanitation practices by African sub--region, 1990region, 1990--20062006

57

68

5

7

15

18

20

11

19 9 0 2 0 0 6

Cov

erag

e (p

erce

ntag

e)

5752

21

20

128

1316

19 9 0 2 0 0 6

33

22

12

5

45

36

2028

19 9 0 2 0 0 6

2925

1613

18

23

33

44

19 9 0 2 0 0 6

2421

22

17

27

23

3135

19 9 0 2 0 0 6 19 9 0 2 0 0 6

Open defecation

Improved

Unim

provedShared

NorthernAfrica

SouthernAfrica

CentralAfrica

WesternAfrica

EasternAfrica

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More than three quarters of urban dwellers use More than three quarters of urban dwellers use improved or shared sanitation while over 200 improved or shared sanitation while over 200

million rural residents million rural residents practisepractise open defecation open defecation

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1990 2006 Impro ved Shared

Unimpro ved Open defecat io n

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1990 2006Impro ved Shared

Unimpro ved Open defecatio n

Urban Africa Rural Africa

New/rediscovered principles and guidelines:

• Limited use of subsidies, and if so; only targeted

• The whole community must be involved (CLTS)

• new approach to monitoring.

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2008: The International Year of

• Sanitation• Languages• the Potato

• Are we able to communicate ourmessage on ”Sanitation, - and Hygiene”?

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Thank you!

- with thanks to WHO, Unicef, WSSCC, WSP, from whom I’ve ”borrowed”

slides for this presentation!