The International Cartographic Association Maps and the Sustainable Development Goals

Menno-Jan Kraak

• ICA

• Cartography and Maps

• Sustainable Development Goals

The International Cartographic Association Maps and the Sustainable Development Goals

Map minded Estonia

Map minded Estonia

ICA’s Members and International Cartographic Conferences

ICA member

1962 Frankfurt am Main

Frankfurt am Main1964 London/Edinburgh

Edinburgh

1967 Amsterdam

Amsterdam

1968 Dehli

Dehli

1970 Stresa

Stresa

Ottawa1972 OttawaMoscow

1976 Moscow1978 College ParkCollege Park1980 Tokyo

Tokyo

1982 Warszawa

Warszawa

1984 Perth

Perth

1987 MoreliaMorelia

1989 Budapest

Budapest

1991 Bournemouth

Bournemouth

Cologne

1993 Cologne

1999 Ottawa

Beijing

2001 Beijing

Durban

2003 Durban

Coruna

2005 Coruna2007 Moscow

Santiago2009 Santiago

Paris

2011 Paris

Dresden

2013 Dresden

Rio de Janeiro

2015 Rio de Janeiro2017 Washington

Washington

2019 Tokyo2021 Florence

FlorenceBarcelona

1995 Barcelona

1974 Madrid

Madrid

Stockholm

1997 Stockholm

Commission and Working Groups over time

History

Map Production

Use

Census

Quality

Standards

Adv. Technology

Atlasses

Blind

Education

HistoryComputer Ass.

Satellite

Gender

Urban

Base map theme

Reg. Planning

Marine

Communication

Census

Map Production

History

Map Production

Standards

Quality

Visualization

Theory

Updating

Atlasses

Blind

SatelliteMarine

Map Production

StandardsGender

Visualization

Theory

Atlasses

Blind

SatelliteMarine

Generalization

MountainPlanetaryInternetChildren

StandardsGender

Visualization

Theory

Atlasses

Blind

SatelliteMarine

Generalization

Ubiqutous

Updating

Projections

Heritage

Use

StandardsGender

Visualization

Theory

Atlasses

Blind

SatelliteMarine

Generalization

UbiqutousProjections

Society

AnalysisHeritage

Use

History

StandardsVisualization

Theory

Atlasses

Blind

Satellite

Generalization

UbiqutousProjections

Society

Analysis

Cognition

Quality

Neocartography

Education

TerminologyAutomation

Education

TerminologyAutomation

Sustainability

Education

TerminologyAutomation

Thematic

Communication

Technology

Education

TerminologyAutomation

Communication

TechnologyHistory

Base Maps

Nat. Recources

MarineHistory

Satellite

Urban

Marine

Census

Map Production

Adv. Technology

Blind

Heritage

Use

StandardsVisualization

Atlasses

Blind

Sensors

Generalization

UbiqutousProjections

Analysis

Art

Early Warning

Cognition

LBS

Sustainability

DesignOpen source

Toponomy

Topo Mapping

EducationEducation Education Education EducationEducation Education EducationMap Production Map Production Map ProductionMap Production

HistoryHistory HistoryHistory

Satellite

MountainPlanetaryInternetChildren

MountainPlanetaryInternetChildren

MountainPlanetaryInternetChildren

MountainPlanetaryInternetChildren

Art

Early Warning

Sustainability

DesignOpen source

Marine Marine MarineHistory

Thematic

Communication

IGU AtlasIGU AtlasIGU Atlas

Map Use

ICA.FIG.ISP A

IFLA IFLA

Market

Children

Generalization

Early Warning

Art

Open Data

Toponomy

UNGGIM

IMY

Open source

TouristAfrica

Crime

Census

1964-1968 1968-1972 1972-1976 1976-1980 1980-1984 1984-1987 1987-1991 1991-1995 1995-1999 1999-2003 2003-2007 2007-2011 2011-2015 2015-2019

History

Map Production

Adv. Technology

Blind

Satellite

Urban

Census

Education

Marine

Theory

Atlasses

Map Use

IFLA

Market

Theory

Marine

ICA.FIG.ISP BICA.FIG.ISP C

Urban

Census

Gender

Definitions

Map UseMarketGender

Theory

Heritage

Use

Analysis

Early WarningHist. Colonial

IMY

Tech outreach

Basic Manual

Definitions

Base map theme

ZOOM-IN: Commission and Working Groups over time

Heritage

Society

AnalysisHeritage

Society

Analysis

Cognition

Neocartography

Sustainability

HeritageAnalysis

Art

Cognition

LBS

Sustainability

DesignOpen source

Toponomy

Topo Mapping

ArtSustainability

DesignOpen source

Art

Open Data

Toponomy

UNGGIM

IMY

Open source

TouristAfrica

Crime

HeritageAnalysis

IMY

Tech outreach

2003-2007 2007-2011 2011-2015 2015-2019

Origin of Commission and Working Group Chairs

United

Kin

gdom

Croatia

India

Spain

Chin

a

Slo

venia

Mexico

Ken

ya

Greece

Austr

ia

Czech

iaB

elgiu

m

Den

mar

kC

hile

Brazil

Austr

aliaJapan

South

Afr

icaR

ussia

Sw

itzerlan

dSw

eden

Hungar

yPolan

d

United

States

Can

ada

Neth

erlan

ds

Ger

man

yFran

ce

10

30

20

40

South Africa

Kenya

Australia

ChinaJapan

India

Canada

Mexico

Brazil

Chile

United States Spain

Germany

AustriaSwitzerland

Sweden

Greece

Russia

Poland

France

Netherlands

Hungary

United Kingdom

CroatiaSlovenia

Belgium

Czechia

Borders and names as of today

Number of Executive Committee members by country

Indonesia

United

Kin

gdom

Morocco

Ken

ya

Fin

land

Brazil

Philippin

es

Hong K

ong

Chile

Sw

itzerlan

dPolan

d

Spain

Hungar

y

Austr

iaM

exico

South

Afr

ica

Can

ada

Japan

Russia

Austr

alia

ItalyIn

dia

Chin

aC

zechia

United

States

Ger

man

ySw

eden

Neth

erlan

ds

Fran

ce

3

9

6

12

15

0.2

0.6

0.4

0.8

Officers / population

NUMBER OF Officers

Location Executive Committee members over time

Borders and names as of today

South Africa

Kenya

Australia

Indonesia

China

Hong Kong

Japan

PhilippinesIndia

Canada

Mexico

Brazil

Chile

United States

Morocco

Spain

Germany

Austria

Switzerland

Sweden

Finland

Italy

Russia

Poland

France

Netherlands

Czechia

Hungary

United Kingdom

PresidentSecretary-General

Vice-President

Executive Committee members by country over timeIndonesia

United Kingdom

59 61 64 68 72 76 80 84 87 91 95 99 03 07 11 15

South AfricaKenya

BrasilFinland

Chili

AustriaHong Kong

ChinaMexico

PolandAustralia

CzechiaPhilippines

Hungary

RussiaIndia

SwitzerlandNetherlands

JapanSpain

CanadaMorocco

United States

GermanyItaly

SwedenFrance

Kraak, M.J. & S.I. Fabrikant / Of Maps, Cartography, and the Geography of the International Cartographic Association (submitted ICY) / Data collected by Data: Igor Drecki / University of Auckland (NZ)

Cartography and maps

art

using

making

technology

science

MAPS

CARTOGRAPHY

Process

Tools

Sustainability of the definition

CARTOGRAPHY technology MAPSmakingscienceart usingCARTOGRAPHY

technology

MAPS

making

science

art

using

Data Visualizers

InfoVis

D3

Internet

ProfessionalsDesigners

GIScience

LBS

GPSCrowd

CARTOGRAPHY

technology

MAPS

making

science

art

using

Societal needs and technological innovation

Maps

Maps that matter should raise interest, be engaging, instantly understandable, and be relevant to society

intern

extern

symbols

map type

real/ synthetic

(non)tangible

indoor / outdoor

A map is a visual representation of an environment

• maps tell stories • maps invite • maps show patterns • maps reveal relationships

• maps explain • maps provide overview • maps offer insight • maps are an interface to the world

Want to read it over…..

What about Maps and Sustainability

Sustainability

Cartography / Maps

Global Development Goals

How can maps be relevant for the global development goals?

• Goals

Example: Goal 4 Education

http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/education/

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7• Targets

4.1.1

4.1.2

4.2.1

4.2.2

4.4.1

4.4.2

4.3.1 4.5.1 4.6.1

4.6.2

4.7.1

4.7.2• Indicators

• 4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes

• 4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education

• 4.3 By 2030, ensure …….. • …..

https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/6754Technical%20report%20of%20the%20UNSC%20Bureau%20(final).pdf

Goal 4: Education - Sample Targets

• 4.1 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes

• Indicator 4.1.1 Percentage of children who achieve minimum proficiency standards in reading and mathematics at end of: (i) primary (ii) lower secondary

• Indicator 4.1.2 Completion rate (primary, lower secondary, upper secondary)

• 4.2 By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre-primary education so that they are ready for primary education

• Indicator 4.2.1 Early Childhood Development Index

• Indicator 4.2.2 Participation rate in organized learning (one year before the official primary entry age)

Goal 4: Education - Sample Indicators

Goal 4: Education - Analyzing the data

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.1.1

4.1.2

4.2.1

4.2.2

4.4.1

4.4.2

4.3.1

4.5.1

4.6.1

4.6.2

4.7.1

4.7.2

% minimum proficiency

Completion rate levels of education

Participation rate in organized learning

Early Childhood Development Index

Enrollment ratios by level and type

Participation rate among 25-65 years

% of computer and information literate

Parity indices (female/male, urban/rural, .

% of proficient

Youth/adult literacy rate

% of 15yrs proficiency of environmental science and geoscience

% of 13yrs promoting governance

Nominal

Interval

Ordinal

Ratio

http://icaci.org/maps-and-sustainable-development-goals

An example

Map design makes a difference because it is key to effective communication

At the UN-GGIM

• Language

• Base map

• Content

• Cartographic representation

• Graphic Quality

Lessons learned: sensitivity

South Sudan Western Sahara

Cartography

Art, science, technology of making and using maps

scaleprojection

Base map

symbologyvisual variables

perceptual proporties

Topic

environment

display optionsdynamics / interaction

% minimum proficiency

Completion rate levels of education

Early Childhood Development Index

Participation rate in organized learning

Enrollment ratios by level and type

Participation rate among 25-65 years

% of computer and information literate

Parity indices (female/male, urban/rural, .

% of proficient

Youth/adult literacy rate

% of 13yrs promoting governance

% of 15yrs proficiency of environmental science and geoscience

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.1.2

4.1.1

4.2.2

4.2.1

4.4.2

4.4.1

4.6.2

4.6.1

4.7.2

4.7.1

4.5.1

4.3.1

Nominal

Ordinal

IntervalRatio

SDG data anaysis

Select map / diagram type

Do’s and don’t

Map ExamplesMap Examples

Map Examples

ICACommisions andWorking Groups

perspective

design maps

traditional and alternative visual representations

bad maps to appreciate the good maps

Sustainable Development Goals17 goals

169 targets 232 global indicators

SDG data analysis

trends2010, 2011, 2012

jan, feb, mar

Time geographic unit

countriesregions

continents

Location

indicatorsqualitative,

quantitative (rel/abs)

Theme

New project Book with do’s and don’ts for SDG mapping

Future of cartography

data mapcartographic visualization

map makerscartographers

Data Design Media

CodingComputation

Open

CartographerArtist

Graphic Designer

InteractionPersonalization

Story telling

• Today’s cartographer should be creative and be able to design maps for personalized interaction to reveal (hidden) stories. The cartographer should be able to code to hack the data, be cooperative with both graphic designers and data visualizers as well as (geo)scientists who know the problems and stories behind the data

Our smart future

• The map has become an interactive, mobile, dynamic and collaborative interface between humans and the dynamically evolving environment

• Cartography is ready for tomorrow. However, we have to remain innovative and open, so we can handle societal and technological changes, without compromising on fundamental cartographic values, but also be willing to extend these values

Let’s make the world a better place with maps