The interaction function

2º ESO / PAI III

INDEX

1.What is the interaction function? 2.Interaction function in plants 3.Interaction function in animal: the

receptors 4.Interaction function in animal:

coordination 5.Interaction function in animals: the

effectors

1. What is the interaction function?

The interaction function consists of 3 processes:

The perception of information

Processing and coordination

The execution of responses

1. What is the interaction function?

LIVING THINGS RECEIVE INFORMATION THROUGH STIMULI

A stimulus is any change in the surroundings or in the living thing itself which can be perceived by it and cause an effect in it.

1. What is the interaction function?

1. What is the interaction function?

TYPES OS STIMULI

PHYSICAL STIMULI (energy)

Heat Light Vibrations Forces such as gravity

CHEMICAL STIMULI (substances)

kinds

1. What is the interaction function?

LIVING THINGS HAVE RECEPTORS

PHOTORECEPTORS – Capture light

THERMORECEPTORS – Detect heat

MECHANORECEPTORS – Are sensitive to vibrations and forces

CHEMORECEPTORS – Are detectors of substances

1. What is the interaction function?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SE5aHVTmlm4

1. What is the interaction function?

PROCESSING AND COORDINATION

Living things precess the information which comes from the receptors and prepare the organism to react by means of a coordinae

response.

1. What is the interaction function?

THE EXECUTION OF RESPONSES

Living things have effectors to carry out responses.

Different ones produce movements, subtances, etc

2. Interaction function in plants

TROPISMS: are plant responses which consist of directing their growth towards, or away from

stimulus.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_QehTJMUtnk

TYPES OF TROPISMS

2. Interaction function in plants

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zX1V0UQYU-0

NASTIC MOVEMENTS: are plant responses which consist of rapid movements of some parts. They are

usually reversible.

PHOTONASTY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wB0WPiDvRL0

THIGMONASTY

3. Interaction function in animals: the receptors

The sense organs are receptors. They contain receptor cells that capture a particular type of

stimulus and send a signal to the coordinations systems, which interpret them

as a sensation (an image, a sound, a smell or a taste)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8ODqt4_Qro

3. Interaction function in animals: the receptors

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WSsqaBwi4Zc

PHOTORECEPTOR ORGANS

Simple eyes

Compuond eyes

Camera – type eyes

http://factoides.com.ar/post/5195652690/cubomedusas

COMPOUND EYE / OJO COMPUESTO

3. Interaction function in animals: the receptors

THE MECHANORECEPTOR ORGANS Hearing organs Balance organs The lateral line (fish) The sking

3. Interaction function in animals: the receptors

THE CHEMORECEPTOR ORGANS of animals have receptor cells which capture substances which are in the air, water, and foods. They provide two closely related senses: smell and taste.

4. Interaction function in animals: coordination

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Captures the signals from the sense organs, interprets them and gives orders to carry out and to communicate these orders to the effector organs so they can give the responses.

4. Interaction function in animals: coordination

4. Interaction function in animals: coordination

THE COMPLEXITY OF NERVOUS SYSTEMS In jellyfish and polyps (cnidaria), it is a simple network of neurons. En more complex animals, the neurons are grouped together to form:

- Nerve centres, which process the information, such as the ganglia of molluscs and arthropods , or the encephalon and the spinal cord in vertebrates. - Nerves, which connect the sense organs to the nerve centres and these centres to the effectors.

4. Interaction function in animals: coordination

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM The endocrine system produces substances called hormones, which travel round the organism and provoke responses, generally slow and lasting, in certain effectors.

5. Interaction function in animals: the effectors

THE RESPONSES

The movements, caused by effectors that only animals have, namely: the muscles.

The secretions: very different substances produced and secreted by certain glands which act as effectors.

5. Interaction function in animals: the effectors

THE MUSCLES AND MOVEMENTS

Tissues or organs The muscle fibre are specialised to contract Produce movements

5. Interaction function in animals: the effectors

THE GLANDS AND SECRETION The glands that produce secretions are organs or cell groups which, when they recive an order from the coordination systems, produce substances and secrete them, generally to the exterior environment.