The INTEGUMENTARY SystemThe INTEGUMENTARY System

Unit 2 Unit 2

Support Systems

Support Systems

Vocabulary

• Word parts

1. cutane/o- skin

Subcutaneous (beneath the skin)

1. Dermat/o- skin

Dermatologist (one who studies the skin)

1. Trich/o- hair

Trichopathy (any disease of the hair)

1. Pil/o- (pil/i-) hair

Pilocystic (a cyst containing hair)

1. - plasty surgical repair

Dermoplasty ( surgical repair of the skin)

Vocabulary

• Avascular having no blood flow

• Metastasis movement from one part of the body to another, used often to describe cancer

• Melanin causes coloration of skin hair and eye

• Keratin causes skin to be waterproof

• PA physician assistant

Functions of the Skin

• Protection

• Vitamin D Production

• Sensory Organ

• Temperature Regulation

• Protection against UV Light

Layers of the Skin

• Epidermis

• Dermis

• Subcutaneous

Epidermis

• Outer layer of skin

• Avascular - no blood vessels

Dermis

• Layer of skin under the epidermis

• Made up of collagen and elastic connective tissue fibers

• Contains the blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings of the skin

Subcutaneous Layer

• Not part of the true skin• Connective tissue that connects the skin

to the muscle and organs underneath• Also called the hypodermis • Contains nerve endings responsible for

deep pressure • May contain enlarged fat cells in obese

individuals

Nails

• Plates of tightly packed cells of the epidermis

• Helps to grasp and manipulate small objects

Glands of the Skin

• Sudoriferous Glands (Sweat Glands)

• Sebaceous Glands (Oil Glands)

Sudoriferous Glands(Sweat Glands)

• Glands secrete sweat - a mixture of:– water - salts - amino acids– ammonia - urea - uric acid– sugar -lactic acid -ascorbic acid

• Primary function - regulates body temperature by evaporation of water

• Eliminates some waste products

Sebaceous Glands

• Oil glands usually associated with hair follicles

• Secrete an oily substance called sebum a mixture of fats, cholesterol, protein and inorganic salts

• Keeps hair from drying out and becoming brittle

• Keeps skin soft and pliable

• Inhibits growth of certain bacteria

Hair

• Composed of dead (Keratinized) skin cells

• Primary function is protection– guards the scalp from injury and

sunlight– eyebrows - eyelashes protect the eye– ears and nostrils keep out foreign

objects

• Helps regulate body temperature• Touch receptors associated with

hair follicles

Hair Structures

Diseases and DisordersDiseases and Disorders

Integumentary

Integumentary SystemSystem

Acne

• An inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles

• Much more active at puberty– Affects boys more severely than

girls• Caused by bacteria that colonize in

the sebaceous follicles• Can be treated with over-the-

counter medications or for severe cases, prescription medications

Athletes Foot

• A common infection caused by the tinea fungus

• Symptoms include itching, burning, and cracked, scaly skin between the toes and on the feet

• It grows best in damp, dark, warm places

• Treatment includes over-the-counter antifungal creams for most cases and prescription medicines for more serious infections.

Ring Worm

• Caused by tinea fungus• Causes a red skin rash that forms a ring

on normal looking skin• This is not caused by a worm• Common treatment includes over-the-

counter antifungal creams

Jock Itch

• Cause by the tinea fungus

• Causes an itchy, burning rash in the groin area

• Common treatment includes over-the-counter- antifungal creams

Skin Cancers

• Cancerous growths of skin tissue

• The sun is responsible for over 90% of all skin cancers

• Three main types of skin cancers– Basal Cell Carcinomas– Squamous Cell Carcinomas– Malignant Melanomas

– to 16 year old me/ and Steinfeld clips

Basal Cell Carcinoma

• The most common form of cancer– 1 million new cases

estimated in the U.S. each year

– Occurs most frequently on the sun-exposed areas of the body (face, ears, neck, scalp, shoulders, and back)

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• The second most common form of skin cancer– Over 250,000 new cases per year

• Most cases are caused by chronic overexposure to the sun

• Tumors apperar most frequently on the sun exposed face, neck, bald scalp, ears, and lips

Melanoma

• Arises from the melanocytes

• The least common but most dangerous form of skin cancer

• In men is most common on the trunk, head, and neck.– In women is most

common on the lower legs

How cancer spreads video

ABCDE Method to Assess Skin Cancer

• A - Asymmetry

• B - Border

• C - Color

• D - Diameter

• E – Evolution or Elevation

Careers

• Dermatologist

• Medical Photographer

• Physician Assistant

• Plastic surgeon

Dermatologist• Concerned with the diagnosis and

treatment of diseases of the skin, hair and nails

• 8 years school + residency + specialization

• $100,000 - $200,000• Prevention and treatment, surgery,

cancer and laser surgery, cosmetic procedures- Botox, liposuction, chemical peeling, cryosurgery, eyelid surgery……

• discovery/ dermatology

Medical Photography• Biomedical photographers• Demonstrate artistic ability and scientific

knowledge• Textbooks, pamphlets, advertisements,

civil/legal procedures, teaching models, surgical procedures, medical progress or autopsy

• Create prints, charts, graphs…• $30,000-50,000• Schooling emphasis on study of photography• how to become a medical photographer• award winning medical photographer

Physician Assistant

• Practice medicine under the supervision of a physician/surgeon

• Diagnose, examine and treat patients, suture, splinting, casting and prescribing medicine

• $60000-90000

• 6-8 years school

• pumping blood into the medical field

Plastic Surgeon• Medical specialty that uses surgical / non-

surgical techniques to change appearance and function of the body

• Functionally reconstructive or cosmetic enhancements

• Burns, traumatic injuries, congenital abnormalities (cleft lip), removal of cancers, mastectomy- reconstructive

• 8 years school + residency + specialization• $90,000 ++++ a year