The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Essential Questions

• Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain?

• How did industrialization cause a revolution in the production of textiles?

• How did steam power the Industrial Revolution?

• Where did industrialization spread beyond Great Britain?

Main Idea

In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries.

A New Kind of Revolution

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution.

1. Colonization- gave Britain more raw materials & new market for finished goods

2. Strong navy- aided in trade & transportation

3. Govt. Support- passed many laws that favored business

4. Private investment- provided funds for investment

Factors for Success• Research and development on

farms

• Seed drill

• Improved livestock breeding

• Better varieties of food crops

– Increased food supply

– Population grew

• Enclosure movement

Agricultural Factors

A Revolution in Great Britain

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Britain’s Big Advantage

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain.

• Had essential elements for economic success

• Factors of production

– Land

– Labor

– Capital

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Find the Main Idea

Why was Great Britain in the 1700s ideally suited to be the birthplace of the Industrial

Revolution?Answer(s): Colonies around the world supplied raw materials; powerful navy facilitated trade; waterways provided power and transportation; enclosure movement led to large labor supply; private investors provided funds for investment; coal and iron deposits provided needed resources

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

• Textile Industry was beginning of Industrial Revolution• Weaving was a cottage industry, where labor was performed @

home• Industrialization changed this!

- Supply of wool increased- Cotton farming more profitable

b/c of slave labor in America• Invention of cotton gin, spinning

jenny, & flying shuttle made cotton even more profitable

New Way of Making Cloth

• Cottages were too small for large equipment

• Factory invented, but they needed power?

• Water frame invented for water power

• Many factories built close to?

Cloth-making in Factories

A Revolution in Textiles

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Identify Problem and Solution

How did machines solve problems that weavers faced?

Answer(s): spinning jenny, spinning frame, and flying shuttle made weaving faster

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

• Steam engines needed large amounts of fuel to heat water

• Wood was scarce

• Coal mining industry boomed

• Mining was very dangerous

Coal for Steam Engines

• Most efficient steam engine invented by James Watt

• Steam power meant factories no longer had to be near water

• Steam locomotives

• Steamships developed by Robert Fulton

Development of Steam Engine

Steam Powers the Revolution

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Make Generalizations

What impact did the steam engine have on the growth of British industry?

Answer(s): factories could be located away from rivers, powered locomotives and ships, led to development of coal as a resource, more factories built near coal mines

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800s.

• Political liberty

• Freedom to compete

• Rewards reaped

• Improvements

Why Western Countries? - Britain outlawed

export of machines or skilled people

• Samuel Slater

-had to sneak on ship to America. Built water frame from memory & was very successful

America

• Belgium, 1807

• France, 1815

• Germany, 1850

• Japan, 1868 was first in Asia to industrialize

Europe & Asia

Industrialization Spreads

The Industrial Revolution Section 1

Compare and Contrast

How did industrialization in Britain compare to the process in America and Europe?

Answer(s): Britain industrialized first, America and Europe benefited from earlier inventions; political issues delayed industrial development in mainland Europe