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Portland State University Portland State University
PDXScholar PDXScholar
Student Research Symposium Student Research Symposium 2017
May 10th, 11:00 AM - 1:00 PM
The Importance of Urban Habitat Connectivity and The Importance of Urban Habitat Connectivity and
Influence on Native Avian Species and Community Influence on Native Avian Species and Community
Science Science
Kristen S. Gulick Portland State University
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Gulick, Kristen S., "The Importance of Urban Habitat Connectivity and Influence on Native Avian Species and Community Science" (2017). Student Research Symposium. 4. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/studentsymposium/2017/posters/4
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TheImportanceofUrbanHabitatConnectivityandInfluenceonNativeAvianSpeciesandCommunityScience
KristenS.Gulick*,Nikkie West✝,andMarionDresner**SchooloftheEnvironment,EnvironmentalScience&Management,PortlandStateUniversity,Portland,OR,USA
✝AudubonSocietyofPortland,Portland,OR,USA
BACKGROUND
OBJECTIVES
METHODS
RESULTS RESULTS(cont.)
CONCLUSIONS
WORKSCITED&ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• StructurallycomplexenvironmentslikeBackyardCertifiedHabitatsinthePortlandneighborhoodHillsdale,ORareusedbyasubsetofavianspeciesandmayimproveoverallfunctionalconnectivity.1
• Thepreservationofbackyardsandtheiradjacentgreen-spacesarecrucialinthelong-termpersistenceofnativebirdassemblages,howeverurbanconservationeffortshavefocusedonnativegreen-spaces,notbackyards.2
• Avianrichnessmodelsshowurbanexploiterspeciesareminimizedbyreducingnonnativelandcoverandmaintainingcanopyclosureinadjacentgreen-spaces(Fig1).3
• CommunityscienceprovidesanopportunityforBackyardCertifiedresidentstoprovidetheirownunbiaseddatatoaidinthemonitoringofbirdpopulations.4
• Theecologicaleffectsofbackyardnetworksonavianabundanceandspeciesrichnesshavenotbeenadequatelystudied.
1)Zurita,G.A.&Bellocq,M.I.2012.Biotropica 44(3):412-4192)Burghardt,K.T.,Tallamy,D.W.,&Shriver,W.G.2009.Conserv Biol 23(1):219-2243)Donnelly,R.&Marzluff,J.M.2006.UrbanEcosyst 9(1):99-1174)Liu,X.2009.IJESE 4(3):301-311
Master’sofEnvironmentalManagementProjectAdvisor:Dr.MarionDresnerCommunityPartner:Nikkie West,AudubonSocietyofPortlandThirdCommitteeMember:Dr.MichaelMurphy,DepartmentofBiology,PSU
PortlandParks&Recreation:JanelleSt.PierreWestWillametteRestorationPartnership:Jalene Littlejohn
• Avianpointcounts(50mradius)wereconductedin5certifiedbackyards(n=1peryard)andtheKellerWoodlands(green-space)(n=6)inHillsdale,OR.SurveyswereconductedAprilthroughJune2016.
• Twocommunityscienceworkshopswereheldatthebeginningandendoftheproject.
• Avianabundance,speciesrichness,andcommunityanalyseswereconductedinRStudioversion1.0.143
• Treecanopy(2014)wasquantifiedusingArcGISversion10.4.1.5686,dataandmapcourteouslyofOregonMetroDataResourceCenter.
• Knowledgeoflocalbackyardhabitatresearchandavianfood-webswasevaluatedamongcertifiedresidentsbydistributingasurveyaftertheinitialworkshop.
• AvianabundanceandrichnesswasnotstatisticallydifferentwhenincloseproximitytoKellerWoodlands(green-space)(p>0.05)(Fig2,Fig3).
• Backyard3hadthegreatestabundancewithameanof15.8birdsandBackyard2hadthegreatestspeciesrichnesswithameanof12.1(Fig2).
• Keller(S10)andBackyard1(S1)weremostsimilarinspeciescommunityanalysis(Fig4).
• Canopywasthehighest(150-180ft)inbackyardsclosesttothegreen-space(1,2)(Fig5).
• Oneurbanavoiderspecies,EuropeanStarling,wasnotobservedinthisstudy(Fig6).
• 37.5%ofcommunityscientistsstronglyagreedtheyhave,“abasicknowledgeofbackyardhabitatresearchthathasbeenconductedinthePortlandarea.”(Fig7).
• Variablesthataffectavianabundanceandspeciesrichnesssuchasdiversityinvegetationspecies,structure,canopy,anddiameteratbreastheightshouldbestudiedconcurrentlyingreen-spacesandcertifiedbackyards.
• Inadditiontolargegreen-spaces,smallergreen-spaceswithsubstantialcanopymayserveasimportantpopulationsourcesandmayresultinandecreaseofnonnative,exploiterspecies.
• Food-webandpredatorpreystudiesusingmanipulativeexperimentationinadditiontopointcountsurveysareadvised.
• Werecommendusinghalf-circlepointcounts(50mradius)insmallyardsfortrainingeaseduringfuturesurveys.Highlyinteractive,communicative,andin-depthworkshopsarealsonecessarytoachievethedesiredlearningoutcomes.
1) Evaluatetheinfluenceofgreen-spaceproximityonBackyardCertifiedHabitats(collaborationoftheAudubonSocietyofPortlandandColumbiaLandTrust)onavianabundanceandspeciesrichness.
2) Developaframeworkforanurbanbackyardhabitatcommunityscienceprogramthatconsistsofworkshops,interactivetraining,andprojectspecificcurriculum.
Fig4.Non-metricmultidimensionalscalingschematicrepresentingavianspeciesinbackyards(S1-S5)andKellerWoodlands(S10).S=location,W=week(1-8).
Fig7.Piechartdisplayingthepercentagesofthebackyardcommunityscientists’knowledgeofbackyardhabitatresearchinPortland,OR.Therewere8totalparticipants.
Fig3.Coefficientmatrixwithnon-normal,skeweddistributionsinthehistograms&highrelatednessinthecoefficientsandscatterplots.
Stressvalue:0.2221round2dimensions
Fig6.(toplefttobottomright)SpeciesabundancebubbleplotsofDownyWoodpecker,EuropeanStarling,GoldenCrownedWarbler,andHairyWoodpeckerbasedontheNMDSplot.Dotsizeincreaseswithabundance.
2
3
45
1
Abundance
Distance
Richness
StronglyAgree37.5%
StronglyDisagree12.5%
SomewhatAgree50.0%
Fig1.Examplesofurbanexploiterspecies:Europeanstarling(left)andhousesparrow(right).
M.Fran B.Small
Fig2.Backyardsinincreasingdistance(mi)fromKellerWoodlandsandthemeanabundanceandrichnessforthebackyardsandKellerWoodlands.
Fig5.GISdisplayoftreecanopyintheneighborhoodHillsdale,OR.Backyards(1-5)arelabeledinincreasingdistancefromthegreen-space.
KellerWoodlands
2
3
45
1
Legend
CanopyHeight(ft)
High:189
Low:10