The Importance of Contexts in MII for Online Help

The Importance of Contexts The Importance of Contexts in MII for Online Helpin MII for Online Help

Shilpi Rao, Jurika Shakya, Mayo Jordanov, Liam Shilpi Rao, Jurika Shakya, Mayo Jordanov, Liam Doherty, Vive KumarDoherty, Vive Kumar

Simon Fraser University, CanadaSimon Fraser University, Canada

Samir MenonSamir MenonIndian Institute of Technology, IndiaIndian Institute of Technology, India

This research is funded by Learning Kit(SSHRC-INE) This research is funded by Learning Kit(SSHRC-INE) and LORNET(NSERC)and LORNET(NSERC)

MII Help SystemUser

Context

Explanation/ Help

Mixed Initiative Interactions

Example 1Example 1

User: How do I initialize a variable ?User: How do I initialize a variable ?

………………help system looks at his context……..help system looks at his context……..…….......hmmmmmmm…so he is a new user…has never done any .......hmmmmmmm…so he is a new user…has never done any

programming before...I have to give him information from scratchprogramming before...I have to give him information from scratch

System: Do you know how to declare a variable?System: Do you know how to declare a variable?User: NoUser: NoSystem: Before initializing a variable, you have to declare it. I will teach System: Before initializing a variable, you have to declare it. I will teach

you to declare it. I need to know what kind of a variable do you want you to declare it. I need to know what kind of a variable do you want to initialize. So, can you give me an example of what value will that to initialize. So, can you give me an example of what value will that variable contain?variable contain?

User: 1005User: 1005System: This is an integer variable. Thus you have to first declare it System: This is an integer variable. Thus you have to first declare it

using the keyword “int”. Do you know how to name a variable?using the keyword “int”. Do you know how to name a variable?User: NoUser: NoSystem: The variable name should start with an alphabet or an System: The variable name should start with an alphabet or an

underscore followed by alphabets, numbers, ……………… underscore followed by alphabets, numbers, ………………

Example 2Example 2

User: How do I initialize a variable ?User: How do I initialize a variable ?

………………help system looks at his context……..help system looks at his context……..…………..hmmmmmmm…so he is new user for Java Programming ..hmmmmmmm…so he is new user for Java Programming

language, but he has done C and C++ programming…He must be language, but he has done C and C++ programming…He must be knowing initialization in C and C++…I don’t have to teach him about knowing initialization in C and C++…I don’t have to teach him about naming a variable or declaring a variable…let’s checknaming a variable or declaring a variable…let’s check

System: You initialize a variable in Java the same way you do it in C or System: You initialize a variable in Java the same way you do it in C or C++. Do you want more clarification?C++. Do you want more clarification?

User: NoUser: NoSystem: Alright then, continue with your coding, let me know if you System: Alright then, continue with your coding, let me know if you

need any more help.need any more help.

OutlineOutline

Help System and Human HelpersHelp System and Human HelpersContextContextMII in Online helpMII in Online help

Help System and Human HelperHelp System and Human Helper

Help Systems (existing)Help Systems (existing)

Self-sufficient and no human helpersSelf-sufficient and no human helpersContent rich and context poorContent rich and context poorExample –Example –

command-line command-line

error promptingerror prompting

online tutoringonline tutoring

online documentationonline documentation

Human HelpHuman Help

Personalized – target the userPersonalized – target the userCustomized – target the help toolsCustomized – target the help toolsDelivered when needed Delivered when needed

Human help typically centers around an Human help typically centers around an indirectly established contextindirectly established context

Help System with humanHelp System with human

Human-In-The-LoopHuman-In-The-LoopHuman complements the help systemHuman complements the help system

ContextContext

ContextContext

LocalizedLocalized Contains – Contains –

Knowledge about the userKnowledge about the user Inference rules Inference rules ConceptsConcepts Preference of student (pedagogy,…), helper Preference of student (pedagogy,…), helper

(time,…), help system(time,…), help system Instantiated plans pertaining to current help Instantiated plans pertaining to current help

requestrequest

How do we fill in data in our context?How do we fill in data in our context?

Mixed Initiative InteractionMixed Initiative Interaction

Mixed Initiative InteractionsMixed Initiative Interactions

Flexible interaction strategyFlexible interaction strategyEach agent contributes what it does bestEach agent contributes what it does bestRoles reversed, initiative reversed, or work Roles reversed, initiative reversed, or work

independently independently Naturalness in communication Naturalness in communication Interactions based on SRL modelsInteractions based on SRL models

MII in Helper’s Assistant (Online Help)MII in Helper’s Assistant (Online Help)

Help Context in HAHelp Context in HA Helper’s AssistantHelper’s Assistant Help context consists of Help context consists of

Question/requestQuestion/request Expected type of response (short answer, Expected type of response (short answer,

explanation, discussion, debugging……)explanation, discussion, debugging……) Corresponding materialCorresponding material Knowledge/Skill levelsKnowledge/Skill levels Tasks of student Tasks of student Helper communication (offline, online, just-in-time)Helper communication (offline, online, just-in-time) Form of help response (manual or automated) Form of help response (manual or automated)

Helper’s AssistantHelper’s Assistant

Help SystemUser

Helper

Case 1: Helper’s AssistantCase 1: Helper’s Assistant

System confidentSystem confident

User Help System

Human Helper

1. Context

2. Help


System asks human for verificationSystem asks human for verification

User Help SystemUser Help System

Human Helper

1. Context

2. Verification and

Context

3. Help


System has no confidence or very littleSystem has no confidence or very little

User Help SystemUser Help System

Human Helper

1. Context

2. Context3. Help

MII in Helper’s AssistantMII in Helper’s Assistant

MII for the Help System MII for the Help System Question/request (ask for clarification)Question/request (ask for clarification) Expected type of response (better help)Expected type of response (better help) Choose the mode for helping (system, helper only, helper verify) Choose the mode for helping (system, helper only, helper verify)

(better help)(better help) Helper’s communication (online, offline, just-in-time) (better help)Helper’s communication (online, offline, just-in-time) (better help) Corresponding material (clarification)Corresponding material (clarification) Knowledge\Skill level (clarification/update)Knowledge\Skill level (clarification/update)


MII for user (change his goal)MII for user (change his goal) Question/request (Change whenever user wants)Question/request (Change whenever user wants) Expected type of response (short answer, explanation, Expected type of response (short answer, explanation,

discussion, debugging……)discussion, debugging……) Corresponding materialCorresponding material Knowledge/Skill levelsKnowledge/Skill levels Helper communication (offline, online, just-in-time)Helper communication (offline, online, just-in-time) Form of help response (system, helper only, helper verifies)Form of help response (system, helper only, helper verifies)


MII for helper (better help or clarification)MII for helper (better help or clarification) Question/request (ask for more clarifications)Question/request (ask for more clarifications) Expected type of response (short answer, explanation, Expected type of response (short answer, explanation,

discussion, debugging……) (answer in a better way using discussion, debugging……) (answer in a better way using another method of explanation)another method of explanation)

Corresponding material (need more material)Corresponding material (need more material) Knowledge/Skill levels (ask for more clarifications)Knowledge/Skill levels (ask for more clarifications) Helper communication (offline, online, just-in-time) (better help Helper communication (offline, online, just-in-time) (better help

using another form of communication)using another form of communication) Form of help response ( system, helper only, helper verifies) Form of help response ( system, helper only, helper verifies)

(better help)(better help)

Problems in MII Helper’s AssistantProblems in MII Helper’s Assistant

Fill in the context informationFill in the context informationUse the system and online medium for Use the system and online medium for

learning OR update the context everytime learning OR update the context everytime you learn something newyou learn something new

ConclusionConclusion

Ontologize help contextOntologize help contextMixed Initiative helper’s assistantMixed Initiative helper’s assistantEvaluate Evaluate

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TTIIOONN

S Thank youS Thank you

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The Importance of Contexts in MII for Online Help