Upload
araceli-borjon
View
9
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Imperfect Subjunctive(El imperfecto de subjuntivo)
¿Qué pasó en el
senado?
El senador no permitió que
hablaran los otros senadores.
hablaron vendieron escribieron
If you start with the 3rd person plural and you know your preterit verbs, there are no irregular forms, that is, there is no verb that does not follow the rule.
How the imperfect subjunctive is formed
1. Start with the 3rd person plural (“aron, ieron”) form of the verb in the preterit tense:
ron2. Drop the -ron ending.
habla vendie escribie3. Add the following endings for all three
conjugations: -ra-ras-ra
-ramos-rais-ran
How the imperfect subjunctive is formed
1. Start with the 3rd person plural (“aron, ieron”) form of the verb in the preterit tense:
ron ron
How the imperfect subjunctive is formedExamples: Note that -er and -ir forms are identical.
Note also that first- and third-person singular forms are the same,and that all nosotros forms must carry a written accent.
hablar
hablara
hablaras
hablara
habláramos
hablarais
hablaran
escribir
escribiera
escribieras
escribiera
escribiéramos
escribierais
escribieran
vender
vendiera
vendieras
vendiera
vendiéramos
vendierais
vendieran
hablar
hablase
hablases
hablase
hablásemos
hablaseis
hablasen
escribir
escribiese
escribieses
escribiese
escribiésemos
escribieseis
escribiesen
How the imperfect subjunctive is formedNotice these alternate forms:
vender
vendiese
vendieses
vendiese
vendiésemos
vendieseis
vendiesenEverything that applies to the -ra forms applies also to the -se forms; however, the latter are more literary and are used more often in Spain than elsewhere.
The following chart shows the imperfect subjunctive forms of some common regular and irregular verbs.
Infinitive Third-person plural
tomarbeberescribircreerdecirestar
tomaronbebieronescribieroncreyerondijeronestuvieron
tomarabebieraescribieracreyeradijeraestuviera
First-person singular
haberirleer
Preterit Imperfect subjunctive
hubieronfueronleyeron
hubierafueraleyera
The following chart shows the imperfect subjunctive forms of some common regular and irregular verbs.
Infinitive Third-person plural
poderponerquerersabersertener
pudieronpusieronquisieronsupieronfuerontuvieron
pudierapusieraquisierasupierafueratuviera
First-person singular
traervenir
Preterit Imperfect subjunctive
trajeronvinieron
trajeraviniera
How the imperfect subjunctive is usedThe same principles that are applied in the present to determine whether to use the subjunctive or the indicative are also used in the past.
1. Cause or prevention.
3. Falseness or unreality.
2. Personal bias or emotion.
If the main clause expresses . . .
. . . the subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause.
ESCAPA
en caso de quesin quecon tal (de) queantes (de) quepara quea menos que
(in case)(without, unless)(provided that)(before)(so that, in order that)(unless)
How the imperfect subjunctive is usedThe past subjunctive is also always used after the following phrases (and a few other similar ones), just as with the present subjunctive.
If the verb in the main clause is in the . . .
present,future, or present perfect
the present subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause.
How the imperfect subjunctive is usedThe tense of the verb in the main clause normally determines whether to use the present or imperfect subjunctive in the subordinate clause.
preterit, imperfect, conditional, or
the imperfect subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause.
pluperfect
How the imperfect subjunctive is usedThe tense of the verb in the main clause normally determines whether to use the present or imperfect subjunctive in the subordinate clause.
If the verb in the main clause is in the . . .
If the verb in the main clause is in the . . .
present,future, orpresent perfect
The present subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause.
Insisto en que Tomás me ayude.
Insistiré en que Tomás me ayude.
He insistido en que Tomás me ayude.
How the imperfect subjunctive is used
Examples:
I insist that Tomás help me.
I will insist that Tomás help me.
I have insisted that Tomás help me.
preterit,imperfect,conditional, or
The imperfect subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause.pluperfect
Insistí en que Tomás me ayudara.
Insistía en que Tomás me ayudara.
Insistiría en que Tomás me ayudara.
Había insistido en que Tomás me ayudara.
How the imperfect subjunctive is usedIf the verb in the main clause is in the . . .
Examples:
I insisted that Tomás help me.
I (always) insisted that Tomás help me.
I would insist that Tomás help me.
I had insisted that Tomás help me.
Era importante que leyera mi horóscopo.
La meteoróloga insistió en que todos se refugiaran de la tempestad.
How the imperfect subjunctive is usedMore examples of the imperfect subjunctive:
It was important for me to read my horoscope.
The meteorologist insisted that everyone take cover from the storm.
Notice that the use of the preterit or imperfect in the main clause calls for the imperfect subjunctive in the subordinate clause.
El periodista quería que arregláramos la sala para la entrevista.
Era dudoso que contratáramos a aquel comentarista.
How the imperfect subjunctive is usedMore examples of the imperfect subjunctive:
The journalist wanted us to arrange the living room for the interview.
It was doubtful that we would hire that commentator.
Remember that a written accent is required on the first-person plural of the imperfect subjunctive forms.
El gobierno prohibió que pusiéramos esa información en el artículo.
The government prohibited us from putting that information in the article.
El reportero dudaba que controlaran el incendio.
Los televidentes pidieron que hubiera más programas serios.
How the imperfect subjunctive is usedThe imperfect subjunctive is required under the same conditions as the present subjunctive. However, the imperfect subjunctive is used to refer to events that were incomplete in relation to a past event. Compare the sentences below to the time line.
The reporter doubted that they would control the fire.
The TV viewers asked for there to be more serious shows.
Past FuturePresent
dudarpedir
controlarhaber
¡Ojalá (que) el patrocinador seleccionara mi guión!
¡Ojalá (que) no cancelaran mi serie favorita!
How the imperfect subjunctive is usedUse the imperfect subjunctive with ojalá when it means I wish (that).
I wish the sponsor would choose my script!
I wish they wouldn’t cancel my favorite series!
EXPANSIÓN More on structure and usage
Quisiera leer los anuncios clasificados.
¿Pudieras prestarme la sección deportiva?
How the imperfect subjunctive is used
Peticiones con el imperfecto de subjuntivo
I would like to read the classified ads.
Could you lend me the sports section?
A common use of the imperfect subjunctive is to make polite requests or statements. In such cases, the forms of the verbs querer, poder, and deber are used. Note the following examples.
Debiéramos ir al concurso. We should go to the game show.
FIN