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The Impact of NearbyStructures and Trees on
Sigma Theta Measurements
Tom Bellinger
Illinois Dept of Nuclear Safety
1035 Outer Park Drive
Springfield IL 62704
Why did I do this study?
• Determine if nearby trees were impacting the lower level wind data particularly at Zion
• Visualize the extent of any tower shadow on the wind direction sensor
• Visualize the extent of crossarm sensor shadow on the wind direction sensor
CROSSARMSENSOR
SHADOW
TOWERSHADOW
WD
WS
Obtaining Average Sigma Thetas
• Zion (7/1990-12/2001)
• Dresden, Braidwood, LaSalle (12/1998-12/2001)
• 15 minute averages were used
• Averaged by tower level
• Averaged by 36 meteorological sectors (Winds from 0°-10°, 10°-20°, etc.)
• Sigma thetas with wind speeds less than 2.2 m/s (~5mph) were omitted
Illinois Nuclear Illinois Nuclear Plant LocationsPlant Locations
ZionZion
BraidwoodBraidwood
DresdenDresden
LaSalleLaSalle
ChicagoChicago
LakeMichigan
ZIONZION
MET TOWERMET TOWER
ZIONZION
MET TOWERMET TOWER
ZIONZION
TREESTREES
FROM ZION MET TOWER LOOKING SOUTH-SOUTHEASTFROM ZION MET TOWER LOOKING SOUTH-SOUTHEAST
FROM ZION MET TOWER LOOKING SOUTHFROM ZION MET TOWER LOOKING SOUTH
LOOKING NORTH-NORTHEAST TO ZION MET TOWERLOOKING NORTH-NORTHEAST TO ZION MET TOWER
LOOKING NORTH TO ZION MET TOWERLOOKING NORTH TO ZION MET TOWER
ZIONZION
146°146°
168°168°
CROSSARMCROSSARMSHADOWSHADOW
FROM FROM 305°305°
TOWERTOWERSHADOWSHADOW
FROMFROM 10-30° 10-30°
TREES TREES TREES
PLANT CATS
ZIONZION
TREESTREES
InaccurateInaccurateplume spreadplume spreaddue to treesdue to trees
MoreMorelikelylikelyplumeplumespreadspread
MET TOWERMET TOWER187 FEET HIGH187 FEET HIGH
120 FEET HIGH120 FEET HIGH
ZIONZION
ZIONZION
10.7 CONTAINMENT HEIGHTS10.7 CONTAINMENT HEIGHTS
~2000ft FROM PLANT~2000ft FROM PLANT
FROM LAKE FROM LAND
TS PLANT CA
WIND SPEEDS +3.6 M/S
ZIONZION
More likelyMore likelyplume spreadplume spread
due to buildingdue to buildingwake effectswake effects
Plume spread withoutPlume spread withoutbuilding wake effectsbuilding wake effects
ZIONZION
Actual plume withActual plume withbuilding wake effectbuilding wake effect
Model may add morebuilding wake effect
ZIONZION
Plume spread for Plume spread for offshore windsoffshore winds
More likelyMore likelyplume spreadplume spread
for offshore windsfor offshore winds
More likelyMore likelyplume spreadplume spread
for onshore windsfor onshore winds
Plume spread for Plume spread for onshore windsonshore winds
Sigma Thetas Results for ZionSigma Thetas Results for Zion
• Impact of trees on 10-meter level data• Impact of containment and plant buildings
on 76-meter and 38-meter level data• Land/Lake differences
DRESDENDRESDEN
DRESDENDRESDEN
MET TOWERMET TOWER
DRESDENDRESDEN
TREESTREES
TREESTREES
MET TOWERMET TOWER
TransmissionTransmissionTowersTowers
DRESDENDRESDEN
MET TOWERMET TOWER
LOOKING EAST-NORTHEAST TO DRESDEN PLANTLOOKING EAST-NORTHEAST TO DRESDEN PLANT
LOOKING NORTHEAST TO DRESDEN SWITCHYARDLOOKING NORTHEAST TO DRESDEN SWITCHYARD
LOOKING NORTH FROM DRESDEN MET TOWERLOOKING NORTH FROM DRESDEN MET TOWER
LOOKING WEST FROM DRESDEN MET TOWERLOOKING WEST FROM DRESDEN MET TOWER
LOOKING SOUTH-SOUTHEAST FROM DRESDEN MET TOWERLOOKING SOUTH-SOUTHEAST FROM DRESDEN MET TOWER
DRESDENDRESDEN
90°90°
75°75°
CROSSARMCROSSARMSHADOWSHADOW
FROM FROM 335°335°
TOWERTOWERSHADOWSHADOW
FROMFROM 40-60° 40-60°
141 FEET HIGH141 FEET HIGH105 FEET HIGH105 FEET HIGH
DRESDENDRESDEN
19.1 CONTAINMENT HEIGHTS19.1 CONTAINMENT HEIGHTS
~2700-3300ft FROM PLANT~2700-3300ft FROM PLANT
DRESDENDRESDEN
PLANTTS CA? ?
DRESDENDRESDEN
FOR +3.6M/S
300º-310º300º-310º
240º-250º240º-250º
~3 MILES~3 MILES
~5 MILES~5 MILES
DRESDENDRESDEN
FROM DRESDEN MET TOWER LOOKING SOUTHWESTFROM DRESDEN MET TOWER LOOKING SOUTHWEST
FROM DRESDEN MET TOWER LOOKING SOUTHWESTFROM DRESDEN MET TOWER LOOKING SOUTHWEST
LOOKING SOUTHEAST TO DRESDENLOOKING SOUTHEAST TO DRESDEN
LOOKING SOUTHEAST TO DRESDENLOOKING SOUTHEAST TO DRESDEN
Sigma Thetas Results for DresdenSigma Thetas Results for Dresden
• Impact of containment and plant buildings at all levels (10, 61, and 91 meters)
• Impact of nearby trees, tower shadow, and/or transmission towers?
• Illinois River Topographic effect on10 meter data?
• Impact of distant industrial areas?
BRAIDWOODBRAIDWOOD
MET TOWER
BRAIDWOODBRAIDWOOD
MET TOWER
BRAIDWOODBRAIDWOOD
TREESTREES
TREESTREES
LOOKING SOUTHWEST TO BRAIDWOOD PLANTLOOKING SOUTHWEST TO BRAIDWOOD PLANT
LOOKING NORTHEAST TO BRAIDWOOD MET TOWERLOOKING NORTHEAST TO BRAIDWOOD MET TOWER
LOOKING EAST TO BRAIDWOOD MET TOWERLOOKING EAST TO BRAIDWOOD MET TOWER
LOOKING SOUTHEAST TO LOOKING SOUTHEAST TO BRAIDWOOD MET TOWERBRAIDWOOD MET TOWER
LOOKING NORTHWEST FROM BRAIDWOOD MET TOWERLOOKING NORTHWEST FROM BRAIDWOOD MET TOWER
BRAIDWOODBRAIDWOOD
CROSSARMCROSSARMSHADOWSHADOW
FROM FROM 330°330°
TOWERTOWERSHADOWSHADOW
FROMFROM 50-75° 50-75°
240°240°
218°218°
133 FEET HIGH133 FEET HIGH
198 FEET HIGH198 FEET HIGH
BRAIDWOOD
BRAIDWOODBRAIDWOOD
12.1 CONTAINMENT HEIGHTS12.1 CONTAINMENT HEIGHTS
~2400ft FROM PLANT~2400ft FROM PLANT
FOR +3.6M/S
Sigma Thetas for BraidwoodSigma Thetas for Braidwood
• Impact of containment and plant buildings at both levels (62 and 10 meters)
• Impact of trees on 10-meter level data
LA SALLELA SALLE
MET TOWER
LA SALLELA SALLE
MET TOWER
LA SALLELA SALLE
MET TOWER
LA SALLELA SALLE
LOOKING NORTH-NORTHWEST FROM LASALLE MET TOWERLOOKING NORTH-NORTHWEST FROM LASALLE MET TOWER
LOOKING NORTH-NORTHWEST FROM LASALLE MET TOWERLOOKING NORTH-NORTHWEST FROM LASALLE MET TOWER
CROSSARMCROSSARMSHADOWSHADOW
FROM FROM 335°335°TOWERTOWER
SHADOWSHADOW
FROMFROM 35-60° 35-60°
320°320° 335°335°LA SALLELA SALLE
LA SALLELA SALLE
OLD MET TOWER
184 FEET HIGH184 FEET HIGH133 FEET HIGH133 FEET HIGH
LA SALLELA SALLE
LA SALLELA SALLE
10.6 CONTAINMENT HEIGHTS10.6 CONTAINMENT HEIGHTS~1950ft FROM PLANT~1950ft FROM PLANT
FOR +3.6M/S
Plume spread prior Plume spread prior to crossing the to crossing the
Illinois River valleyIllinois River valley
Plume spread after crossingPlume spread after crossingthe Illinois River valleythe Illinois River valley
LA SALLELA SALLE
Sigma Thetas for LaSalleSigma Thetas for LaSalle
• Impact of containment and plant buildings at all levels (10, 61 and 114 meters)
• Illinois River topographic effect at all levels
Study ImpactsStudy Impacts• Met tower siting criteria
• Site evaluations and maintenance
• Building wake effects
• Stability classification for modeling
• Topographic effects
• Atmospheric transport
• Emergency response
Preliminary Results from Preliminary Results from Byron and Quad Cities SitesByron and Quad Cities Sites
January - April, 2002January - April, 2002
BraidwoodBraidwood
Illinois Nuclear Illinois Nuclear Plant LocationsPlant Locations
ZionZion
LaSalleLaSalle
DresdenDresden
ByronByron
Quad CitiesQuad Cities
BYRONBYRON
BYRONBYRON
BYRONBYRON
MET TOWERMET TOWER
LOOKING NORTHEAST TO BYRON MET TOWERLOOKING NORTHEAST TO BYRON MET TOWER
LOOKING NORTHEASTLOOKING NORTHEAST
LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM THE BYRON MET TOWERLOOKING NORTHEAST FROM THE BYRON MET TOWER
LOOKING SOUTHEAST FROM THE BYRON MET TOWERLOOKING SOUTHEAST FROM THE BYRON MET TOWER
BYRONBYRON46°46°
72°72°
TOWERTOWERSHADOWSHADOW
FROMFROM 65-85° 65-85°
CROSSARMCROSSARMSHADOWSHADOW
FROM FROM 0°0°
BYRONBYRON
200 FEET HIGH200 FEET HIGH 138 FEET HIGH138 FEET HIGH
BYRONBYRON
BYRONBYRON
500 FEET HIGH500 FEET HIGH
~3700ft FROM PLANT~3700ft FROM PLANT18.5 CONTAINMENT HEIGHTS18.5 CONTAINMENT HEIGHTS
BYRONBYRON
~4400ft FROM COOLING TOWERS~4400ft FROM COOLING TOWERS7.4 COOLING TOWER HEIGHTS7.4 COOLING TOWER HEIGHTS
PLANT
QUAD CITIESQUAD CITIES
QUAD CITIESQUAD CITIES
QUAD CITIESQUAD CITIES
MET TOWERMET TOWER
QUAD CITIESQUAD CITIES
MET TOWERMET TOWER
QUAD CITIESQUAD CITIES
MET TOWERMET TOWER
QUAD CITIESQUAD CITIES
MET TOWERMET TOWER
TREESTREES
QUAD CITIESQUAD CITIES
MET TOWERMET TOWER
QUAD CITIESQUAD CITIES
MET TOWERMET TOWER
LOOKING SOUTH AT THELOOKING SOUTH AT THEQUAD CITIES MET TOWERQUAD CITIES MET TOWER
LOOKING SOUTHWEST AT THELOOKING SOUTHWEST AT THEQUAD CITIES MET TOWERQUAD CITIES MET TOWER
LOOKING SOUTH-SOUTHEASTLOOKING SOUTH-SOUTHEASTAT THE QUAD CITIES MET TOWERAT THE QUAD CITIES MET TOWER
LOOKING NORTHWEST ATLOOKING NORTHWEST ATTHE QUAD CITIES MET TOWERTHE QUAD CITIES MET TOWER
1/4 MILE SOUTHWEST OF THE QUAD CITIES1/4 MILE SOUTHWEST OF THE QUAD CITIESMET TOWER - LOOKING NORTHWEST MET TOWER - LOOKING NORTHWEST
QUAD CITIESQUAD CITIES
CROSSARMCROSSARMSHADOWSHADOW
FROM FROM 0°0°
TOWERTOWERSHADOWSHADOW
FROMFROM 65-85° 65-85°
350°350°340°340°
QUAD CITIESQUAD CITIES
143 FEET HIGH143 FEET HIGH106 FEET HIGH106 FEET HIGH
QUAD CITIESQUAD CITIES
QUAD CITIESQUAD CITIES
QUAD CITIESQUAD CITIES
~4800ft FROM PLANT~4800ft FROM PLANT33.6 CONTAINMENT HEIGHTS33.6 CONTAINMENT HEIGHTS
PLANT
TREES
Quad Cities 10-meter Wind Sensorson April 18, 2002 around 1pm
![[1035] digenes akritas](https://img.dokumen.tips/doc/110x75/5597d7121a28aba0468b4592/1035-digenes-akritas.jpg)
