The Impact of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on Library Services in Select Theological Libraries in Bangalore: A Study

Journal of Contemporary Christian 5.2 (Nov 2013): 44-61. (ISSN: 2231-5233)

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The Impact of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on Library

Services in Select Theological Libraries in Bangalore: A Study

By

Yesan Sellan and Dr. S. Ally Sornam

1. Introduction:

Joint Library Committee (JLC), Bangalore, was formed in 1984 under the initiative of Fr. M. K.

Kuriakose (the then librarian of United Theological College, Bangalore) with the single mission

of bringing libraries together for mutual benefit. This was the first cooperative effort among

theological colleges in India. Subsequently JLC paved the way for the formation of the Indian

Theological Library Association (ITLA), a professional association of theological colleges and

seminaries in India. Currently JLC has 18 theological colleges as its members. The members of

JLC have a history of finding new ways to share resources among their patrons. The cooperative

efforts of JLC include Inter-Library Loan of books and articles, sharing journals lists and others.

JLC has been considered a successful model for cooperative and collaborative sharing among

theological colleges in India.

1.1 Information Communication Technology (ICT):

Definition:

Information Communication Technology (ICT) includes the use of communication devices and

information technology for the purpose of storing and retrieving information. UNESCO defines

ICT as below:

“... generally relates to those technologies that are used for accessing, gathering,manipulating and presenting or communicating information. The technologies couldinclude hardware (e.g. computers and other devices); software applications; and

Yesan Sellan, is the Chief Librarian of South Asia Institute of Advanced Christian Studies (SAIACS), Bangalore. He isalso the Executive Secretary of Indian Theological Library Association (ITLA) and Secretary of Forum of AsianTheological Librarians (ForATL). Email id: [email protected] Dr. S. Ally Sornam serves as Associate Professor and Head, Department of Library and Information Science,Bishop Heber College, Puthur, Trichirapalli – 620017, Tamilnadu. Email id: [email protected]


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connectivity (e.g. access to the Internet, local networking infrastructure, andvideoconferencing).”2

ICT has changed the way we live and has ushered us into the IT revolution age. The application

of ICT is everywhere and especially in libraries. It has had a significant impact in the way

libraries procure, process and disseminate information to users. Introduction of computers in the

library offers means to access resources and avail innovative services through the World Wide

Web. The computerization of libraries, also called as library automation, was once considered as

too expensive and a luxury for libraries, but today it has become a basic necessity. McMahon and

Weaver call the current scenario as a complex learning environment.3 They further mention that

teaching and learning are becoming interpersonal, interdisciplinary and media-rich and that there

is need for a support system to cater to this situation.

1.2 Library Automation:

Library automation means the application of computers in the library for its services which

include the process of acquiring, processing and dissemination of information to the user in a

timely manner. Today the majority of libraries of universities and colleges in India are

computerized. On the other hand, there are many theological colleges in India which have not

fully utilized the benefits of the application of ICT in their libraries.

1.3 Library Automation in Theological Libraries:

Philipp R. Heer examined the state of library automation among American theological libraries

and while he identified the needs and problems of these libraries faced during automation, he

also proposed a third evaluative factor called “intellectual feasibility” which deals with the

intellectual content of library processes such as indexing, classification and cataloging of library

content by librarians.4. Weinberg's study reveals the history of automation of the America

2UNESCO and Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education, “Building Capacity of Teachers/facilitators in

Technology-pedagogy Integration for Improved Teaching and Learning: Final Report” (UNESCO Asia and PacificRegional Bureau for Education, 2003), p.4, http://www.unescobkk.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ict/e-books/ICTBuidling_Capacity/BuildingCapacity.pdf.3

Melody Layton McMahon and John B. Weaver, “The Theological Library in the Age of Technology,” In Trust, 2013,p.14.4

Philipp R. Heer, “Library Automation for ATLA Libraries,” American Theological Library Association Summary ofProceedings 28 (January 1, 1974): 82–85,http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rfh&AN=ATLA0000750555&site=ehost-live&scope=site(accessed October 7, 2013).


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Judaica Library during 1965-1990.5 Lewkowicz reports on the implementation of automation

through the Boston Theological Institute Library Development Program6 and Becker’s7

presentation on available technology for libraries are good examples to know the history of

automation in theological libraries. Trevor Zweck, then president of the Australia and New

Zealand Theological Library Association, calls ICT a new means to access information.8 The

summary of Kate Ganski’s study on the evaluation of websites of theological libraries concluded

that libraries will need to find various means to provide access to growing e-resources.9

Spomer states that “there is plenty of room to experiment with other Facebook applications that

may not be on any library pages, such as My Stuff, which allows users to grab any code (for

slideshows, media players, etc.) and put it into a page, or an application like FreeDrive, which

provides a way to share files”.10

In regards to theological colleges in Bangalore, there are many that have started using

computerized systems for library services since 199311. During this time United Theological

College (UTC), Kristu Jyothi College (KJC), Southern Asia Bible College (SABC), South Asia

Institute of Advanced Christian Studies (SAIACS) and others have introduced computers in their

libraries. The union catalogue of JLC (http://jlc-koha.osslabs.biz) was launched in its silver

jubilee celebration which was held on 18 November 2010. Currently this catalogue has over 2.8

5Bella Hass Weinberg, “Automation and the American Judaica Library during the First Quarter Century of the

Association of Jewish Libraries, 1965-1990,” Judaica Librarianshipp Vol 5, no. No 2 (Spring Winter 1991 1990):p167.6 Linda B. Lewkowicz, “Computers and Consortia : an Overview of the Automation Efforts of the Boston Theological

Institute Library Development Program,” American Theological Library Association Summary of Proceedings 29(January 1, 1975): 76–83,http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rfh&AN=ATLA0000754226&site=ehost-live&scope=site(accessed October 7, 2013).7

Joseph Becker, “Library Technology and Information Networks,” American Theological Library AssociationSummary of Proceedings 26 (January 1, 1972): 103–108,http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rfh&AN=ATLA0000723490&site=ehost-live&scope=site(accessed October 9, 2013).8

Trevor Zweck, “Automation in Theological Libraries,” Colloquium 24, no. 1 (1992): p.44.9

Kate L. Ganski, “An Evaluation of the Accessibility of E-resources from Theological Library Websites,” TheologicalLibrarianship: An Online Journal of the American Theological Library Association 1, no. 1 (2008): p.43,https://journal.atla.com/ojs/index.php/theolib/article/viewArticle/14 (accessed September 23, 2013).10

Michelle Y. Spomer, “The Fine Art of Throwing Sheep: How Facebook Can Contribute to Librarianship andCommunity in Theological Institutions,” Theological Librarianship: An Online Journal of the American TheologicalLibrary Association 1, no. 1 (June 3, 2008): p19., https://journal.atla.com/ojs/index.php/theolib/article/view/37(accessed October 11, 2013).11

Gordon Harris, “Cooperation bsetween Bangalore Theological College Libraries, and the Potential of ElectronicNetworking,” Ministerial Formation 76 (January 1997): p50.

http://jlc-koha.osslabs.biz/


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lakhs bibliographic records from SAIACS, UTC, SABC, St.Peter’s Pontifical Seminary and

Dharmaram Vidya Ksethram (DVK). Over the last decade, theological colleges in other parts of

India have slowly realized the need for computerizing their libraries and have adopted the use of

computers in their libraries. The implementation of ICT has changed traditional libraries into

electronic and digital libraries. In the current scenario the use of CD-ROM databases and

subscriptions to online databases and collaborative efforts among JLC libraries in Bangalore has

set a model for other theological libraries in India.

1.4 Theological Libraries:

A theological library can be defined as a library with a special collection of resources related to

theological, religious, and spiritual traditions. A theological library is considered as a special and

academic library.

1.5 Purpose of This Study:

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of ICT on library services in select

theological libraries in Bangalore city. The following are the main objectives of this study.

a. To study the implementation of ICT in theological libraries.

b. To evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of library services using ICT.

c. To assess the skills and knowledge of staff in managing library services.

d. To identify the use of various ICT tools for theological libraries.

2. Literature review:

There are several studies carried out to examine the impact of implementation of ICT in

academic libraries. According to a study by Dorcas Ejemeh Krubu and Kingsley Efe Osawaru

among Nigerian University Libraries, there is remarkable rise in the use of ICT, many of the

libraries activities are now ICT driven. This has increased the speed of acquisition, processing,

storage, retrieval and dissemination operations12.

A study by Voolapalli and Bardol on the impact of technology in theological libraries in coastal

Karnataka and Goa found that 36 out of 55 libraries in the state do not have any software in the

12Dorcas Krubu and Kingsley Osawaru, “The Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in

Nigerian University Libraries” (2010), http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/515/ (accessed October 7, 2013).


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library, while 70% of computerized libraries are attached to Christian institutions13. They

concluded that if theological seminaries want to prove their existence in this modern age, they

will have to adapt to the developments of technology14. As this study was conducted among

coastal Karnataka and Goa libraries, it does not necessarily imply that Bangalore libraries have

not adapted IT applications for their library services. Sampath Kumar and Biradar found that the

majority of the library staff in Karnataka college libraries opined that library automation has

enabled enormous savings in time, effort and the ability to perform tasks which cannot be done

by manual systems15. Robison in his research found that better management of library records

through automation has increased the circulation of library resources and provided opportunities

to evaluate library services.16 Nancy K. Flaciani-White recommends that seminary libraries must

adopt technologies to provide off campus access to research databases and online journals in a

fast-paced, interactive, and dynamic world.17 Siong Ngor Ng's study shows that technology and

social networking sites change the library users’ patterns in locating information.18 Lawson

concludes that “librarians must become nimble responders to the changing environments of their

users, prepared to go to places unanticipated and unforeseeable”.19 Meredith Farkas has written:

“A big difference exists between being where our patrons are and being useful to our patrons

where they are”.20

13Anuradha Voolapalli and A. K. Baradol, “Technology Impact in Theological Libraries: A Myth or Reality?,”

DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 31, no. 6 (November 2011): 485–489,http://publications.drdo.gov.in/ojs/index.php/djlit/article/download/1324/572 (accessed October 7, 2013).14

Ibid., p488.15

B. T. Sampath Kumar and B. S. Biradar, “Use of ICT in College Libraries in Karnataka, India: a Survey,” Program:electronic library and information systems 44, no. 3 (July 27, 2010): pp. 271–282,http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1871197 (accessed October 7, 2013).16

Charles Brad Robison, “Effects of Automation on Academic Libraries” (Doctoral dissertation, Oklahoma:Oklahoma State University,, 1991), p49., ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database (UMI No 9220578).(accessed October 7, 2013).17

Nancy K. Falciani-White, “Running with Perseverance: The Theological Library’s Challenge of Keeping Pace WithChanging Students,” Theological Librarianship: An Online Journal of the American Theological Library Association 1,no. 2 (November 18, 2008): 16–27, https://journal.atla.com/ojs/index.php/theolib/article/view/61 (accessedOctober 7, 2013).18

Siong Ngor Ng, “Finding My Way Around: The Information Process of Distance Students When Searching for FreeOnline Resources”, 2013, p.2, http://library.ifla.org/212/ (accessed October 9, 2013).19

Dawn Lawson, “Taking the Library to Users: Experimenting with Facebook as an Outreach Tool,” in Library 2.0Initiatives in Academic Libraries Edited by Laura B. Cohen (Chicago: ACRL, 2007), p154.20

Meredith G. Farkas, Social Software in Libraries: Building Collaboration, Communication, and Community Online(Information Today, Inc., 2007), p122.


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3. Scope and Coverage

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the use of ICT in Bangalore theological libraries. There

are 18 theological colleges which are part of JLC. This study does not reveal the results of

individual library performance with regard to application of ICT for their library services.

However, for this study the authors have selected six seminaries based on the following criteria:

a. A post graduate theological institution.

b. A computerized library catalogue.

c. Provides Internet facilities for students and or subscribes to any online databases such

as ATLA Religion Database with Serials, JSTOR, etc.

Based on the above criteria, the following six institutions were selected for this study.

a. Asian Christian Academy of India (ACAI)

b. Dharmaram Vidya Ksethram (DVK)

c. South Asia Institute of Advanced Christian Studies (SAIACS)

d. Southern Asia Bible College (SABC)

e. St. Peter’s Pontifical Seminary

f. United Theological College (UTC)

4. Methodology and Findings

A structured questionnaire method was used to collect data from the library users of the

selected institutions. There were 300 questionnaires circulated only 295 questionnaires were

returned. The Table.1 shows the demography of participants and Table 2 shows names of the

colleges and number of respondents who participated in this study.

Table 1. Different Categories of Students

Categories of Students No. of Participants %

Doctoral students 22 7.5

MDiv/MA/BD students 142 48.1

MTh students 131 44.4

Total 295 100.0


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Names of the Colleges No. of Respondents %

ACAI 71 24.1

DVK 46 15.6

SABC 30 10.2

SAIACS 74 25.1

St.Peter's Pontifical Seminary 11 3.7

UTC 63 21.4

Total 295 100.0

Table 2. Names of the Colleges in Bangalore

Table 3. Application of ICT in JLC Libraries

This study reveals (see Table 3) that 57% respondents rated the library as good in terms of use of

ICT in the library services, while 22% of respondents say that use of ICT facility in the library is

average and 18% students opined it is excellent.

4.1 Learning ICT skills

According to Table 4 JLC library users have learnt using ICT facilities available in the library

through library staff, self-study and from a colleague.

Source of Learning No. of Respondents %Library Staff 120 40.7Self-study 94 31.9From a friend 75 25.4Others 6 2.0Total 295 100.0

Table 4. Sources of Learning ICT

Quality No. of Respondents %

Average 65 22.0

Excellent 53 18.0

Good 168 56.9

Poor 9 3.1

Total 295 100.0


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Table 5 shows that in meeting the research needs of JLC users, the online resources such as

ATLA Religion Database, JSTOR and others are preferred compared to print resources.

Participating libraries provide access to ATLA Religion Database, one of the premier databases

subscribed to by most of seminary libraries in the USA and other parts of the world. It was also

noted that UTC subscribes to JSTOR database.

Rated No. of respondents %

Average 74 25.1

Excellent 49 16.6

Good 150 50.8

Poor 22 7.5

Total 295 100.0Table 5. Usefulness of Online Resources

This study discovered that 36.3% respondents use library computers primarily for searching the

library catalogue (OPAC), 26.2% students use them for searching Internet resources, while 23%

of students primarily use the computers for searching online databases such as JSTOR and

ATLA Religion Database.

4.2 Email alerts:

The role of the librarian is to keep library users informed of new arrivals of print and other

resources through email. It can be noted as per Figure 6, that 55% (162 students) of the

respondents never received email alerts from the librarian about new arrivals of books, journals

and table of contents of journal issues. On the other hand 25.4% (75 students) are of the opinion

that sometimes they receive alerts. It is obvious that JLC librarians need to take note of this

finding seriously and work towards reaching out to all users through emails, which is the fastest

mode of communication.


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Figure 1. Email Alerts from the Library

4.3 Inter-Library Loan (ILL):

In order to help library users in their information needs JLC decided in its meeting held on 26

November 2009 at ACAI to send articles in pdf via email as and when they are requested

through their respective librarians.21 Below Figure 2 shows that the 56.7% of library users of

select theological colleges in Bangalore city have never requested an article from another library

through their librarian. Only 32% of users sometimes request articles from JLC libraries. This

indicates that more than 50% of students either are not aware of the available ILL facilities for

journal articles or don't see the need. JLC has always attempted innovative ways by which

libraries could share resources among its members. The result of this study directs the need for

creating awareness among library users on some of these services offered by JLC.

21“Minutes of the Joint Library Committee Meeting (JLC2009.3) Held on 26 Nov 2009 at Asian Christian Academy

of India (ACAI)” (Joint Library Committee (JLC), Bangalore, November 26, 2009), n. 2009.3.2 Inter–Library Loan.


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Figure 2. Request for Articles through ILL

4.4 Use of JLC Union Catalogue:

It was noted in this study (see Figure. 3) that 137 out of 295 students sometimes used the Union

Catalogue of JLC, while 37% of students who participated in this survey have never used this

union catalogue. It is a clear indication that either students are satisfied with the available

resources in their respective colleges or are not aware of the possibilities of using the JLC

catalogue to locate bibliographic information of resources that could be procured through Inter-

Library Loan. In any case, the JLC librarians ought to make an effort to provide enough

orientation to library users on the use of the JLC catalogue, otherwise the objective of resource

sharing by JLC will be defeated.


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Figure 3. Frequency of JLC Union Catalogue Used by Students

4.5 Searching the Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC)

Libraries provide computerized catalogue to access bibliographic information of books, journals

and other resources available. Figure 4 clearly indicates that 25% of students always use the

OPAC and 67% of the respondents usually or sometimes use the OPAC for locating

bibliographic information.

Figure 4. Use of OPAC for Locating Bibliographic Information


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4.6 Social Media:

There is a growing use of social media by academic libraries for the delivery of information

services. The application of Facebook, Twitter, Blogs, Linkedin and other social media for

library services are commonly found in libraries. Yesan Sellan is the creator of the Facebook

group, “Internet Theological Resources.” He invited people across the globe to join this group

with the main objective of bringing awareness among pastors, theologians and Christian

ministers on freely available internet resources which includes ebooks, journals, commentaries

and Bible software, etc for their ministry of teaching, counseling and self- learning.22 Currently

this group has over 2400 members. Jacobson concludes in an article that Facebook would be a

better tool for “active libraries”.23 A study by Collins and Quan-Hasse finds that over half of

academic libraries in Ontario have adopted a social media application since April 2010.24 Nancy

Kim Phillips' study reveals that “librarians are using Facebook to present themselves as

approachable, in order to develop a rapport with students, which could ultimately facilitate the

delivery of service.”25

22“Internet Theological Resources”, n.d., https://www.facebook.com/groups/111017909003299/ (accessed

October 11, 2013).23

Terra B. Jacobson, “Facebook as a Library Tool: Perceived Vs. Actual Use,” College & Research Libraries 72, no. 1(January 1, 2011): p.88, http://crl.acrl.org/content/72/1/79 (accessed October 14, 2013).24

Gary Collins and Anabel Quan-Hasse, “Social Media and Academic Libraries: Current Trends and FutureChallenges,” in Information, Interaction, Innovation: Celebrating the Past, Constructing the Present and Creatingthe Future (presented at the ASIST 2012, Baltimore, Maryland, 2012),https://www.asis.org/asist2012/proceedings/Submissions/272.pdf (accessed October 14, 2013).25

Nancy Kim Phillips, “Academic Library Use of Facebook: Building Relationships with Students,” The Journal ofAcademic Librarianship 37, no. 6 (December 2011): p520,http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0099133311001625 (accessed October 14, 2013).


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Figure 5. Use of Social Media for Library Services

As per Figure 5 approximately 50% of libraries use social media for their online services while

others have not utilized this tool for library services. Facebook applications offer ample room for

making information available to users that are not available in library pages.26

4.7 ICT Skills for Students

The use of ICT in libraries offers an avenue for students to acquire skills for locating information

in this digital era. Based on this study 69% of students (see Figure 6) who participated in this

survey confirmed that the selected theological libraries provide the opportunity to library users to

learn skills in ICT. The result of this study recognizes the need to provide opportunities for

students to learn ICT skills in order to take advantage of the benefit of digital world.

26Spomer, “The Fine Art of Throwing Sheep,” p.19.


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Figure 6. Does Your Library Offer the Opportunity to Learn ICT Tools?

4.8 Computers for Students' Use

Figure 7 displays the students’ satisfaction of the number of computers and their configuration

provided for their use, such as browsing the Internet, searching bibliographic records and access

to other electronic resources (bible software, commentaries, etc.) by the library. It can be further

inferred that there is a need for providing adequate configuration of computers for students' use.

Providing better facilities for students will enhance their learning and research activities.

Figure 7.Students’ Opinion on Computers and Their Configuration Provided by the Library


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Figure 8. Frequency of the Use of ICT Facility

The above Figure 8 shows how frequently students use the ICT facility in the selected

theological libraries. This study indicates that only 18% of the respondents have never used their

library ICT facilities for their research purpose.

4.9 eBooks Vs Physical Books

The impact of the IT revolution on the younger generation of users has led them to be more

oriented to digital resources and to be able to access information through their electronic gadgets

such as iPads and others. There was an interesting article published in Times of India about the

75-year-old Desaposhini Public Library in Kerala which made history by becoming the first

library in India to lend Kindle readers to its users.27 Mr. Krishna Kumar, the president of this

public library says, “We think that by embracing the digital revolution we can make the library

more attractive to the tech-oriented younger generation”.28 This public library has over 2.4 lakhs

eBooks in its collection.

27K R Rajeev, “That’s One for the Books: Kerala Library Members Can Borrow Kindle for 20 Days,” The Times of

India (Bangalore, June 11, 2012), sec. Times Nation,http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=pastissues2&BaseHref=TOIBG/2012/06/11&PageLabel=7&EntityId=Ar00704&ViewMode=HTML.28

Ibid.


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The current study noted that (see Figure 8) approximately 50% of users prefer an eBook over a

physical copy of a book. This indicates there is a growing interest and awareness among users in

preferring a digital book than the conventional print copy of a book. There could be various

factors contributing to this trend. Due to the increase in the digital trend, students of the current

generation are exposed to new technologies available in the market.

Figure 8. Choice of Format of Book

Figure 9 shows that students have made constructive recommendations with regard to the future

improvement of ICT facilities in the library.

Figure 9. Suggestions Made by Students


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According to Figure 9, it is inevitable that three major concerns have been voiced by students for

the future, such as the need of good bandwidth Internet connection for the library, better wireless

Internet connectivity for laptops and the development of a digital library.

Conclusion and Suggestions:

Based on this study it was discovered that six theological libraries in Bangalore city have made

significant progress in implementing ICT tools for their library services compared to other

theological libraries in the city of Bangalore. The teaching of ICT skills for students, the use of

FB, Twitter and blogs and other social media for library services and the launch of a union

catalogue (http://jlc-koha.osslabs.biz), which is the first of its kind in Asia among theological

libraries, are some of the significant achievements by JLC. It was noted that the awareness of the

use of various IT applications and other media among the library users of the selected theological

colleges in Bangalore is satisfactory. The students expressed their dissatisfaction over their

librarians’ failure to send out e-alerts to their users on new acquisitions. One of the ways to

achieve the fourth law of library science “Save the time of the user,” propounded by Dr. S. R.

Ranganathan, the father of library science in India, is keeping library users informed of the

arrival of new books, journals and others by sending out regular email alerts.

Suggestions:

JLC libraries are challenged by the complex information needs of students and faculty members

of theological institutions. With the new innovative tools offered by ICT developments, JLC

libraries will need to plan systematically and invest ample funds for implementing ICT in order

to avail the fullest benefits of ICT for its patrons. Many academic institutions neglect to provide

adequate funding for library development. Often the libraries are the first ones to receive the

brunt of budget cuts in institutions. Therefore, if theological libraries want to make their

existence improved in the modern age, they must adapt to changes in ICT.

Though these selected theological colleges have adapted ICT facilities for their libraries, yet

there are areas which need improvement. Based on this study the following suggestions are made

for the betterment of the libraries:


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1. The need for good wireless connectivity within the campus and library and better Internet

connection in libraries were expressed by most of the students who participated in this

study.

2. There is a need for offering access to the library catalogue outside of campus, which will

facilitate users checking bibliographic information and others in their rooms and at their

work places.

3. In addition to currently subscribed databases students have also made recommendations

for subscription to more online resources/databases for their research purposes.

4. Computers provided for students use are inadequate or outdated, and therefore, it was

recommended to upgrade the computers with a good configuration for students' use to

save time for the users and further enhance their research.

5. Development of a digital library and federated search facility to search both the library

catalogue and the digital library at the same time, was also recommended by students.

6. The JLC librarians should strive to use email in order to keep the users informed of the

arrival of new books, journal issues and tables of contents from current journals, which

will help users to know important information on time and save the users’ time.

7. JLC Libraries could adopt social software applications such as Facebook, Twitter, blogs

and others for the delivery of information services to its patrons which will help us reach

where our patrons are.

Future study:

A study on information literacy of theological students and faculty of JLC may yield stimulating

results on their ability to locate, identify and use information available in the modern era. It

would help JLC if there is a study done on the implementation of a digital library.


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References:

Becker, Joseph. “Library Technology and Information Networks.” American Theological LibraryAssociation Summary of Proceedings 26 (January 1, 1972): 103–108.http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rfh&AN=ATLA0000723490&site=ehost-live&scope=site (accessed October 9, 2013).

Collins, Gary, and Anabel Quan-Hasse. “Social Media and Academic Libraries: Current Trendsand Future Challenges.” In Information, Interaction, Innovation: Celebrating the Past,Constructing the Present and Creating the Future. Baltimore, Maryland, 2012.https://www.asis.org/asist2012/proceedings/Submissions/272.pdf (accessed October14, 2013).

Falciani-White, Nancy K. “Running with Perseverance: The Theological Library’s Challenge ofKeeping Pace with Changing Students.” Theological Librarianship: An Online Journal ofthe American Theological Library Association 1, no. 2 (November 18, 2008): 16–27.https://journal.atla.com/ojs/index.php/theolib/article/view/61 (accessed October 7,2013).

Farkas, Meredith G. Social Software in Libraries: Building Collaboration, Communication, andCommunity Online. Information Today, Inc., 2007.

Ganski, Kate L. “An Evaluation of the Accessibility of E-resources from Theological LibraryWebsites.” Theological Librarianship: An Online Journal of the American TheologicalLibrary Association 1, no. 1 (2008): 38–45.https://journal.atla.com/ojs/index.php/theolib/article/viewArticle/14 (accessedSeptember 23, 2013).

Harris, Gordon. “Cooperation between Bangalore Theological College Libraries and thePotential of Electronic Networking.” Ministerial Formation 76 (January 1997): pp.49–53.

Heer, Philipp R. “Library Automation for ATLA Libraries.” American Theological LibraryAssociation Summary of Proceedings 28 (January 1, 1974): 82–85.http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rfh&AN=ATLA0000750555&site=ehost-live&scope=site (accessed October 7, 2013).

Jacobson, Terra B. “Facebook as a Library Tool: Perceived Vs. Actual Use.” College & ResearchLibraries 72, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 79–90. http://crl.acrl.org/content/72/1/79(accessed October 14, 2013).

Krubu, Dorcas, and Kingsley Osawaru. “The Impact of Information and CommunicationTechnology (ICT) in Nigerian University Libraries” (2010).http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/515/ (accessed October 7, 2013).

Kumar, B. T. Sampath, and B. S. Biradar. “Use of ICT in College Libraries in Karnataka, India: aSurvey.” Program: electronic library and information systems 44, no. 3 (July 27, 2010):pp. 271–282. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1871197(accessed October 7, 2013).

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Documents

The Impact of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on Library Services in Select Theological Libraries in Bangalore: A Study