THE IMPACT OF ‘SERVICE DESIGN’ON THE INDUSTRIAL DESIGNENGINEERING CURRICULUM

Froukje SLEESWIJK VISSER and Pieter Jan STAPPERSID-StudioLab, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands

ABSTRACTRecently, both media and practice are dealing with a wave of interest in “service design”. Somepresent this as a radically new approach to product development that overarches the establisheddisciplines. Others regard it as the natural next step in emerging specialisations of design, in the line ofinteraction design, experience design, and systems design, but don’t see anything particularly new init. Examples of the ‘service design’ phenomenon are that a sizeable number of design graduates nowwork in disciplines beyond classical product design or interaction design. Some work in the buildingindustry or urban planning, some in financial services, some in developing complex organisations; inthe fuzzy front end of development, methodical approaches to design seem well applicable for manypurposes.In order to better prepare our students for coping with the situation in practice, and to better equip ourcurriculum with the means to teach this, we analysed the current academic literature, discussed withpeers of other academic institutions who are trying to integrate these new mindsets and tools into theireducation system as well. Based on the findings we have set up an elective course ‘service designprocess’ for Master students of Industrial Design Engineering (IDE). The course addresses theoverlaps and differences between the design processes of products and of services. This paperdiscusses these developments and how we aim to promote a critical discussion about the positioning ofthe new generation of graduated designers from our school in design practice.

Keywords: Industrial design curriculum, service design, new roles of designers

1 INTRODUCTIONService Design is hot! Both in the commercial and academic world the term is gaining much attention.Here are some signs of the times:

In traditional product industries, many companies such as e.g., Xerox and IBM have shifted theirbusiness models, and gain their income more from services (supply of toner for printers, supplyof education, training, support for software) than from core products.In software design, products are more and more released in a limited form and continuouslyupgraded after that (e.g., web services, apps on the iPhone). It becomes less and less clear tospeak of a ‘finished product’, and in some circles, the model of ‘infinite beta’ is regarded as thenorm.In business and management, the term ‘service design’ is often mentioned together with ‘designthinking’. Tools and techniques of designing are introduced in other disciplines.In the media, a UK national newspaper devoted an entire 10-page supplement to the topic [1].In design practice in the Netherlands and abroad, various studios and consultancies are offering‘service design’ as part of their competences. A service design perspective encompasses a human-centred approach and an outside-in perspective in contrast to the service development perspective[2].In research, national, regional and international bodies are sponsoring applied research projectson design projects including the design of services and product service systems, with the aim ofinvigorating the local economies (e.g., [3]).

Stappers. P. (2016) The Impact Of ‘Service Design’ On The Industrial Design Engineering Curriculum. Journal of Service Management. 43(7) pp.657-672.

In education, various art academies, business schools, and universities (technical, regular, andapplied) are starting to offer courses on service design (a quick inventory at a workshop in theSERVDES 2012 conference already yielded over 15 courses [4]).

Stappers. P. (2016) The Impact Of ‘Service Design’ On The Industrial Design Engineering Curriculum. Journal of Service Management. 43(7) pp.657-672.

Of our alumni, already several students who graduated in the last years are now working incompanies developing services (insurer Achmea, service consultancy Engine, airport Schiphol,etc). They report that what they learned at IDE has been valuable and provided them with usefulskills and knowledge, but also mention that they miss some skills and knowledge such as dealingwith the back-end of a system, software design, stakeholder involvement and the businessstrategy around it.

With all these developments, the question arises on how education should cope with this. Is there needfor new specialization, a subfield of service design next to product design, interaction design,experience design, systems design, etc? Or is the service perspective a new addition relevant to alldesign principles, like sustainability, people-centeredness, and business orientation? In looking for ananswer to these questions, we reviewed developments in education, work practice, and academicresearch. The discussion in this paper summarizes our main findings.

2 SO WHAT IS ‘SERVICE DESIGN’?Despite the widespread attention, a clear definition of service design is rarely given. This is nothelpful, as the term ‘design’ already carries many meanings for different people, and also the meaningof the term ‘service’ varies between different disciplines. In the traditional ‘service sector’ it refers tonon-tangible deliverables, in IT and software design to software infrastructure that ties togetherinternet apps, and in many product areas it refers to after-sale replacements, such as new toner for aprinter, or the cups and pads for coffee machines, repairs, or end-user training.What most rhetoric in the ‘service design’ has in common is that it refers to service as a holistic unityof everything that needs to be considered for satisfying people’s needs in a certain area over a longerperiod of time. In many respects, it builds on earlier developments such as ‘user-centred design’,‘experience design’ and ‘interaction design’. This inheritance is not always acknowledged by authorsin the service design community, witness the quote: ‘I would love to see designers thinking about whatdesign really is and the added value it can bring to society. Wouldn’t it be great if the focus was nolonger on the shininess of a vase, but the value the designer van bring to the lives of everydaypeople?....Forget the uncomfy chairs. Think people!’ [5] This quote sets service design off to a verylimited form of product design (if not to say a caricature), in which product designers would not thinkabout the people they are designing for. Also much emphasis is laid on tools to visualise the intangibleaspects of a service or an experience, such as customer journeys, touchpoints, and methods such asrole playing, storyboarding, while such tools and methods often originate from the product-, software-,interaction-, and experience design field.But despite the shallowness of some of the sales rhetoric, there are some genuinely new elements andapproaches. From our review of the popular and academic literature (e.g., journals as InternationalJournal of Design, magazines as Touchpoint) and conferences such as SDN [6] and ServDes [7], wecompiled a list of often-mentioned aspects which provide interesting starting points for comparing thenew service design wave to the various existing design disciplines (see Table 1). The aspects in thetable are not independent (the emphasis on brand is logically connected to the longer-term relationbetween user and provider), and the list may not be complete, but an overall picture is emerging. Inservice design projects, a holistic and broad approach to designing and delivering valuable things(products, experiences, functions, ‘services’) to people, and many hitherto separated playerscollaborate. King & Mager describe service design as ‘a discipline occupying a new space betweendesign and marketing agencies, management consultancies and research agencies, exemplifying thevirtues of people-centredness and co-creation as fundamental processes.’ [8]. Others see service designas complex, multidisciplinary projects that are too broad for a single discipline, but which requiremany disciplines to collaborate in a common playing field.

Table 1. Often-mentioned aspects of service design

Aspect NotesA focus on user experience Also in experience design, interaction designActive participation of users and stakeholders Also in participatory designMany solution elements are considered e.g., IT, logistics, human resources, structure ofsimultaneously. organizations, and business model

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A long term provider-client relationship With product design, ownership of the product istypically transferred at moment of sale

A complex business model In classic product design, the customer pays at themoment of sale, in services different models exist,and these codetermine the form the service takes.

An outside in approach A service system often consists of a complexnetwork, of which its relations and actors must beunderstood and designed. This organisation is oftenmore complex than in product design.

Brand (the promise of what provider and client As in strategy and brandingoffer each other)A blurring distinction between phases of the Unlike with physical products, a prototype of adesign process: prototypes, implementation, and service is typically an instantiation:consumption. indistinguishable from ‘the real thing’Infinite beta status of services, which can be Unlike with physical products, where a warehousetuned after release. of stock has to be sold before the improved model

is released.

3 INDUSTRIAL DESIGN ENGINEERING (IDE) AND SERVICE DESIGNIndustrial design engineers (in our school, as in others) are taught many of the above aspects which areclaimed to be important for service design. In graduation projects, for many years the end results haveincluded products, services, concepts, strategies, prototypes etc. It has not been restricted to a physicalproduct. Often, the outcome is not fixed at the start of the project. Moreover, we see a substantialoverlap of ‘service design’ and ‘product design’, when it concerns the mindset and toolset of user-centred design, especially in the fuzzy front end of the design process. Many user research methodsused in product design such as ethnographies, observations, a day in a life, context mapping, diaries,co-design sessions serve the design processes for products and for services. Already, the IDE curriculasupport students to develop knowledge, skill, and attitude in several areas that are deemed important inservice design as well:

Becoming T-shaped designers, engineers or managers [9]. These are professionals who areequipped with a core in-depth skill (the vertical bar), together with general skills connecting themin multiple domains (the horizontal bar), and are therefore better equipped to function inmultidisciplinary teams than either ‘overall superficial generalists’ or ‘narrow specialists’.Holistic approach of the user. Especially in the early phases of the design process, students areequipped with skills and knowledge to explore the users in their context of everyday life.Visualisations of the intangible. Visualising and prototyping are traditional skills for designstudents, and have diversified considerably in the past decades. Whether it is a service or aproduct, students are trained to visualise the product, its functioning, its use, and its context andmake their earliest concepts experiential, by using storyboarding, prototyping, storytelling, role-playing, walkthroughs etc.Finding integral solutions. When detailing a concept many aspects are addressed in parallel.Figure 1 shows an overview of how the product concept, an interactive cupboard supporting kidsto search for books in the library, could operate. The student presented this overview to map outall aspects that need to be thought of to realize her product concept. She had never heard ofservice design, but has drawn the scheme to explore and express roles of people who need to beactivated along the service, including the back end of the system.

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Figure 1. A scheme showing roles of people and the back end system along the designedservice for the library [10]

Comparing the existing curriculum at our school with the challenges proposed for service design, wefind a great overlap in mindset, methods and tools. The present IDE education lays a good basis forservice design, but there are differences as well, as Figure 2 illustrates. The differences lie especiallyin the phases after explorative user research, ideation, and early conceptualization and beforemarketing, branding and sales, i.e, in the phases of concept refinement, prototyping, andimplementation.In product design a designer has to materialize the core concept, detail and construct it, evaluate it, andmake it ready for mass production. In a service design project, manufacturing does not take in aseparate phase, but the new business model (and required change in the organization) can heavilyinfluence the concept that is being developed. Also, with the fuzzying boundaries betweendevelopment, implementation, and delivery, the notion of a ‘final design deliverable’ needsmodification.The area of service design is starting to develop their own methods and tools, which are valuableadditions to the IDE toolset, such as blueprints, back -end design, etc. In service design teams, abroader range of skills and knowledge disciplines is needed, such as software coding (DBMS),training staff at providing the service, customer relationship management (CRM), adapting theorganization of a company etc. Most importantly, the larger and more complex service design projectsdemand a yet higher degree of multidisciplinarity of all disciplines involved. Industrial design studentsare trained to be T- shaped professionals, but we should be aware they should not only become thehorizontal bar of the T within this movement of service design [11].

Figure 2. Rough sketch of parts of the service design process, and their relation to IDE master programmes ‘Strategic Product Design’ and ‘Design for Interaction’

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4 DEVELOPING THE CURRICULUMService design appears to bring some ingredients which are here to stay. We expect that a substantialnumber of current students will find jobs which are advertised under that name, and for which the listof aspects mentioned above are essential. But the second aspect, that of further increasingmultidisciplinarity is going to affect most, if not all, design disciplines.What needs to be done? For that reason, we find it important to prepare our students for this upcomingarea in the following ways:

clarify the service design perspective,indicate where the (substantial) overlaps and complementarities with their skillset lie,establish how the professional needs for service design skills relate to those emerging from thecurrent programmes, and see whether this calls for a specialization track in existing MSceducation, an elective or minor open to students from various disciplines, entirely new MSc programmes, post-academic education, or a mix of all of these.

To work towards these goals, a discussion is needed with students, recent and established graduates indesign practice, and those practicing service design projects. Since there is a lack of a shareddefinition of service design [12], the discussion should always start from the discipline we look at it.We are trying to narrow down the discussion to get a more clear perspective by focusing on the newchallenges in the design process itself. This means we are focusing on ‘designing for services’ insteadof the general term ‘service design’. One of our current activities is bringing in practitioners frompractice into the school and ask them to openly discuss the challenges they face with designing forservices with our students. The students are asked critically reflect on these developments in designpractice and to formulate their view on how our curriculum should look like according to thesedevelopments. This exchange of knowledge and thoughts is realized in the form of an elective course.

5 CONCLUSIONNew trends in design typically arise in leading design practice, to be followed by academic researchwhich further structures our understanding of the problems involved and develops methods for dealingwith them; these are in turn applied in education, and so enter back into mainstream design practice. Inthe past decade we’ve seen that happen with user-centred design, experience design, interactiondesign, and participatory design. All these streams have affected our mainstream education and givenrise to larger or smaller specialisations. It looks like service design is a new trend in town, which willlikewise find its way into design education.As before, this requires educational institutions to gain experience with the needs of practice as well asthe structures brought forward by research, and develop ways of instilling this appropriately into thecurricula.What is appropriate for which educational institution is still an open question. In this paper wedescribed the situation very much from the perspective of our own school and research. In otherschools the situation may be different. For instance, in our school the links between technology,human factors, and business aspects have been present for decades, and the deepening of experiencedesign, interaction design, and participatory design came naturally through the research portfolio, butelements like business model development, organizational change, and incorporating IT infrastructureare less represented. In other institutes the balance will lie differently.In the coming year, we will continue this search and discussion on the impact of service design ondesign education through workshops with academics, projects with design students and practitioners,and by forging connections with the growing, international networks in this area.

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Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T.”Innovative Technology Education using a Virtual Reality LearningEnvironment”. Pedagogika, Mokslo Darbai, Vilniaus Pedagoginis Universitetas, 90(1), August 2008,pp.26-35, ISSN: 1392-0340.

Page, T., Thorsteinsson, G. and Niculescu A., ''A Blended Learning Approach to EnhancingInnovation'', Journal of Studies in Informatics and Control, 17(3), September 2008, pp 297-304, ISBN1220-1766.

Asokan, P., Jerald, J., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Application of Adaptive Genetic Algorithm andParticle Swarm Optimisation in Scheduling of Jobs and AS/RS in FMS'', International Journal ofManufacturing Research, 3(4), 2008, pp 393-405, ISSN 1750-0591.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G. “Approaches to the Application of the Unified Modeling Language inManufacturing Automation”, I-manager’s journal on software Engineering, Sept 2008, 3(1), pp.1-5,ISSN: 0973-5151.

Dhanalakshmi, V., Arunachalam, S., Sankaranarayanaswamy, K., and Page, T. ''A fuzzy AnalysisApproach to Part Family Formation in Cellular Manufacturing Systems”, Journal of Studies inInformatics and Control, 17(4), December 2008, pp 433-440, ISBN 1220-1766.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T. ”A Virtual Reality learning Environment to Improve Ideation: AnIcelandic research Project”. Pedagogika, Mokslo Darbai, Vilniaus Pedagoginis Universitetas, 91(1),December 2008, pp.42-52, ISSN: 1392-0340.

Cucchiella, F., Gastaldi, M., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., “Translating the Supply Chain Uncertaintyinto a Firm New Value”, International Journal of Agile Systems and Management, 3(3/4), 2008, pp192-215, ISSN 1741-9182.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T. “Camtasia as a Design Research Tool for the Development of In-Service Teacher Education in Europe”. Menas Dizainas Meninis Ugdymas Ieskojimai ir Aradimai.Vol. 208. 2008. pp. 89-98. University of Kaunus, Lithuania. ISBN 978-9955-27-128-4.

Page, T., Thorsteinsson, G. and Vismantiene, R. “Adoption of Sustainable Design in the IndustrialDesign Curriculum at Loughborough University”. Dizainas, Kuryba Ir Naujosios Technologijos,November 2008. pp. 60-62. University of Vilnius, Lithuania. ISBN 978-9955-888-14-7.

Thorsteinsson, G., Page, T., and Vismantiene, R. “The Application of TRIZ in Product Design”Dizainas, Kuryba Ir Naujosios Technologijos, November 2008. pp. 71-74. University of Vilnius,Lithuania. ISBN 978-9955-888-14-7.

Page, T., Thorsteinsson, G. and Ha, J. G. “A Feasibility Study into the Application of CAD/CAM in aTraditional Industry Sector”. Design Knowledge, Journal of the Korean Design Knowledge Forum.December 2008. Vol. 8. pp. 131-140. ISSN 2005-0623.

Lehtonen, M., Miloseva, L., Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G. “Towards a Psychology of MediaEducation”. I-manager’s journal on educational psychology. Oct 2008. Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 1-8, ISSN:0973-8827.

Budan, D. A., Vijarangan, S., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T. “An Analysis of Machining Forces onGraphite/Epoxy, Glass/Epoxy and Kevlar/Epoxy Composites Using a Neural Network Approach”. I-manager’s journal on future Engineering and Technology. Oct 2008. Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 28-35, ISSN:0973-2632.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G. “Some Quality Considerations in the Design and Implementation ofLearning Objects”, I-manager’s journal on school educational technology. 4(2). November 2008. pp.7-13, ISSN:0973-2217.

Page, T. “Soft Systems Modelling of the New Product Development Process – A Case Study”, I-manager’s journal on management, Nov 2008, 3(2), pp.34-38, ISSN: 0973-5054.

Rajesh Kannan, A., Pandey, K. S., Shanmugam, S., Narayanasamy, R., Arunachalam, S. and Page T.“Deformation Behaviour of F-0.8%C-I.O-0.8%Cu Sintered P/M Steel During Powder PreformForging” International Journal for Manufacturing Science and Technology, 10(1), December 2008,pp.61-70, ISBN 1524-1548.

Murugan, M., Ghudharan, P. K., Arunachalam, S. and Page T. “Effect Of Pulsed GTA WeldingProcess Parameters On Delta Ferrite Content Of Alsi 3041 Stainless Steel Welds” InternationalJournal for Manufacturing Science and Technology, 10(1), December 2008, pp.71-90, ISBN 1524-1548.

Page, T. And Thorsteinsson, G.”A Methodology for the Design of Learning Environments”. TheTurkish Online I-manager’s journal on educational technology (TOJET). (January 2009), Vol. 8, Issue1, pp. 5-14, ISSN: 1303-6521.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G. “Brand Power Through Effective Design”, I-manager’s journal onmanagement, Aug 2009, 4(1), pp.11-25, ISSN: 0973-5054.

Page, T. “A Technical Forecast for Growth in Solid-State Commercial Lighting Using LED Devices”,I-manager’s journal on electrical engineering, September 2009, 2(4), pp.49-64, ISSN: 0973-8835.

Page, T., Thorsteinsson, G. and Niculescu, A., ''Management of Knowledge in a Problem BasedLearning Environment'', Journal of Studies in Informatics and Control, 18(3), September 2009, pp225-262, ISBN 1220-1766.

Ramesh, R., Jerald, J., Page, T. and Arunachalam, S., ''Concurrent Tolerance Allocation using anArtificial Neural Network and continuous Ant Colony Optimisation'', International Journal of DesignEngineering, 2(1), September 2009, pp. 1-25, ISBN 1751-5874.

Budan, D. A., Vijarangan, S., Arunachalam, S. and Page T. “Effect of Fibre Position and Proportionon the machinability of GFRP composites – An FEA & Merchant’s Model”, I-manager’s journal onfuture Engineering and Technology. Oct 2009. Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 33-43, ISSN: 0973-2632.

Krishnamurthy, L, Sridhara, B. K., Abdul Budan, D., Arunachalam, S. and Page T. “A Series of Tool-Life Studies on Aluminium Matrix Hybrid Composites”, I-manager’s journal on future Engineeringand Technology. Oct 2009. Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 26-32, ISSN: 0973-2632.

Thorsteinsson, G., Page, T. and Olafson, B., “Moving from Craft to Technology Education inIcelandic Schools”, Journal of Studies in Informatics and Control, 18(4), December 2009, pp. 369-378, ISBN 1220-1766.

Budan, D. A., Vijarangan, S., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T. “An Analysis of Machining Forces onGraphite/Epoxy, Glass/Epoxy & Kevlar/Epoxy Composites Using a Neural Network Approach”,Journal of Modern Manufacturing Technology, 1(2), December 2009, pp. 129-140, ISBN 0794-8415.

Krishnamurthy, L., Sridhara. B. K., Abdul Budan, D., Page, T. and Arunachalam, S. “Tool WearStudies on Aluminium Matrix Hybrid Composites”, International Journal for Manufacturing Scienceand Technology, 11(1), December 2009, pp.5-10, ISBN 1524-1548.

Palanicharny, R., Nagaraj, P., Page, T. and Arunachalam, S. “Effect of Fin Geometry on Heat TransferPerformance in Aluminium Circular Tube with Internal Fin and Engine Oil Used as Coolant”,International Journal for Manufacturing Science and Technology, 11(1), December 2009, pp.11-14,ISBN 1524-1548.

Page, T., (2009) ''Feature Creep and Usability in Consumer Electronic Product Design'', InternationalJournal of Product Development, 9(4), pp 406-428, ISBN 1477-9056.

Rajkumar, M, Asokan, P., Page, T. and Arunachalam, S. “A GRASP Algorithm for the Integration ofProcess Planning and Scheduling in a Flexible Job-Shop”, International Journal of ManufacturingResearch, 5(2), January 2010, pp.230-251, ISBN 1750-0591.

Page, T. “A Qualitative Performance Measurement Approach to New Product Development”, I-manager’s journal on management, Nov 2009, 4(2), pp.63-67, ISSN: 0973-5054.

Saxena, A., Ganesh, K. and Page, T. “Partially Centralised Decisions and Information Synchronisationin Supply Chain”, International Journal of Enterprise Network Management, 3(3), December 2009,pp.246-267, ISBN 1748-1252.

Page, T. “The Role of Web-Based Simulations in Technology Education”, I-manager’s journal oneducational technology, Dec 2009, 6(3), pp. 20-27, ISSN: 0973-0559.

Thorsteinsson, G., Page, T. and Niculescu, A., “Using Virtual Reality for Developing DesignCommunication”, Journal of Studies in Informatics and Control, 19(1), March 2010, pp. 93-106,ISBN 1220-1766.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Empirical Data Collection and Analysis Using Camtasia andTransana'', I-managers I-manager’s journal on educational technology, 6(2), September 2009, pp. 41-49, ISBN 0973-2217.

Miloseva, L., Page, T., Lehtonen, M., Marelja, J. and Thorsteinsson, G., “Adolescents’ ComputerMediated Learning and Influences on Personal Relationships”. I-manager’s journal on educationalpsychology, 3(3), January 2010, pp. 35-43, ISBN 0973-8827.

Rajkumar, M., Asokan, P., Anilkumar, N. and Page, T. (2010) “A GRASP algorithm for flexible job-shop scheduling problem with limited resource constraints”, International Journal of ProductionResearch, 49(8), pp. 2409 First published on: 06 May 2010 (iFirst) DOI:10.1080/00207541003709544.

Rajesh Kannan, A., Pandey, K. S., Shanmugam, S., Narayanasamy, R., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T.“Deformation Behaviour of Fe-0.8%, C-1.0%, Si-0.8% Cu Sintered P/M Steel During PowderPreform Coating”, I-manager’s journal on future Engineering and Technology, April 2010, 5(3),pp.55-62, ISSN: 0973-2632.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G. “Predictive Analysis in VLSI Design”, I-manager’s journal on softwareEngineering, June 2010, 4(4), pp.33-39, ISSN: 0973-5151.

Thorsteinsson, G., Page, T. and Niculescu, A., “Adoption of ICT in Supporting Ideation Skills inConventional Classroom Settings”, Journal of Studies in Informatics and Control, 19(3), September2010, pp. 309-318, ISBN 1220-1766.

Page, T., Thorsteinsson, G. and Ha, J. G. (2010) “Natural Sections in Product Design”. InternationalJournal of Contents. 6(3), October 2010, pp. 71-82, ISSN 1738-6764.

Barua, M. K., Rao, J. S., Anbuudayasankar, S. P. and Page, T. (2010) “Measurement of SurfaceRoughness Through RSM: Effect of Coated Carbide Tool on 6061-T4 Aluminium.” InternationalJournal of Enterprise Network Management. 4(2) December 2010, pp. 136-153, ISSN 1748-1260.(DOI:10.1504/IJENM.2010.037931)

Page T. “Achieving Manufacturing Excellence by Applying LSSF model- A Lean Six SigmaFramework”, I-manager’s journal on future Engineering and Technology. Oct 2010. Vol. 6, No. 1, pp.51-64, ISSN: 0973-2632.

Sambath, S., Nagaraj, P., Selvakumar, N., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T. “Automatic Detection ofDefects in Ultrasonic Testing Using Artificial Neural Network”, International Journal ofMicrostructure and Materials Properties (IJMMP) Dec 2010. Vol. 5, No. 6, pp. 561-574, ISSN: 1741-8410. (DOI: 10.1504/IJMMP.2010.038155)

Paul, S.S., Maiya, A., Resmi, A. T. and Page, T. (2011) “Antecedents of Work Related MuscoskeletalDisorders in Software Professionals”. International Journal of Enterprise Network Management,(IJENM), August 2011, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 247-260, ISSN 1748-1252.

Page, T., (2011) ''Interaction and usability considerations in the design of mobile phones'', Journal ofDesign Research, 9(3), September 2011, pp.281-300, ISSN 1748-3050.

Page, T. (2011) “Prospects for the Design of Electronic Products in Second Life”, Journal of Studiesin Informatics and Control, Vol. 20, No. 3, September 2011, pp. 293-303, ISSN 1220-1766.

Ganesh, K., Anbuudayasankar. S. P., Barua, M. K., Page, T. (2011) “Empirical, Experimental,Exploratory and Analytical Research for the Smarter Supply Chain – Service and ManufacturingIndustry, International Journal of Value Chain Management, Vol. 5, No.3/4, pp. 171-174, (October2011), ISSN 1741-5365.

Padmanabhan S., Srinivasa-Raman; V., Asokan, P.; Arunachalam, S and Page, T. (2011) “DesignOptimisation of Bevel Gear Pair”. International Journal of Design Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 364– 393, (December 2011), ISSN 1751-5874. DOI: 10.1504/IJDE.2011.048133.

Suresh, S., Chandrasekar, M., Selvakumar, P. and Page, T. (2012) “Experimental Studies on HeatTransfer and Friction Factor Characteristics of AL203/Water Nanofluid under Laminar Flow withSpiraled Rod Inserts”, International Journal of Nanoparticles (IJNP), Vol. 5, No.1, pp. 37-55,(February 2012), ISSN 1753-2507.

Page, T., Thorsteinsson, G. and Ha, J. G. (2012) “Using Colours to Alter Consumer Behaviour andProduct Success”, International Journal of Contents, Vol. 8, No.1, pp. 69-73, (March 2012), ISSN1738-6764.

Page, T., (2013) Usability of Text Input Interfaces in Smartphones'', Journal of Design Research,11(1), January 2013, pp.39-56, ISSN 1748-3050.

Page, T (2013) Integrating Mobile Device Applications into Designers' Workflow, Studies inInformatics and Control, 22(2), pp.195-204, ISSN: 1220-1766.

Page, T (2013) Use of Mobile Device Apps in Product Design, International Journal of GreenComputing, 4(1), pp.18-34, ISSN: 1948-5018. DOI: 10.4018/jgc.2013010102.

Page, T (2013) Smartphone Technology, Consumer Attachment and Mass Customisation,International Journal of Green Computing, 4(2), pp.38-57, ISSN: 1948-5018. DOI:10.4018/jgc.2013070104.

Page, T (2014) Application Based Mobile Devices in Design Education, International Journal ofMobile Learning and Organisation, 8(2), pp.96-111, DOI: 10.1504/IJMLO.2014.062347.

Page, T (2014) Skeuomorphism or Flat Design: Future Directions in Mobile Device User Interface(UI) Design Education, International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation, 8(2), pp.130-142,DOI: 10.1504/IJMLO.2014.062350.

Page, T (2014) Touchscreen Mobile Devices and Older Adults: A Usability Study, International Journal of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 3(1), pp.65-85, DOI: 10.1504/IJHFE.2014.062550.

Karthikeyan, S, Asokan, P, Nickolas, S, Page, T (2014) A hybrid discrete firefly algorithm for solvingmulti-objective flexible job shop scheduling problems, International Journal of Bio-InspiredComputation, 6(4), pp.1-18.

Page, T. (2009) “Disruptive Innovation – A Strategy for New Product Development?”, LambertAcademic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8383-3135-5.

Page, T. (2010) “Prospects for Microgeneration: Energy use, the environment and the widercommunity”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8383-0517-2.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G. (2010) “Product Design Considerations for AutomatedManufacturing”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8383-7713-1.

Thorsteinsson, G., and Page, T. (2010) “How healthy is your lighting?: An investigation into thepossible health risks posed by artificial lighting in the workplace” Lambert Academic Publishing,ISBN: 978-3-8383-4790-5.

Thorsteinsson, G., and Page, T. (2010) “An Examination of the Impact of Modern Technology onSport?: Why do we need to develop sports technology?” Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8383-8125-1.

Thorsteinsson, G., and Page, T. (2010) “Innovative Packaging Design for Fast Moving ConsumerGoods?” Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8383-5547-4.

Page, T. (2010) “A Methodology for Decision-Support in Electronic Product Design” LambertAcademic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8383-8246-3.

Page, T. (2010) “Carbon Emission in Domestic Energy Use” Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN:978-3-8433-5863-7.

Thorsteinsson, G., and Page, T. (2010) “Can Water Become More Appealing Through EnhancedDesign and Marketing?” Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-5822-4.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G. (2010) “The Relationship Between Symmetry and Appeal in ProductDesign”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-6138-5.

Thorsteinsson, G., and Page, T. (2010) “Innovation and Marketing of Fast Moving Consumer Goods”Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-6648-9.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G. (2010) “Technology in Sport: A Debate” Lambert AcademicPublishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-7127-8.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T. (2010) Improving In-Service Teacher Training across Europe:Implementing ICT and ODL to develop the Pedagogy of In-Service Teacher Training?”, LambertAcademic Publishing, ISBN 978-3-8433-6829-2.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T. (2010) “An Examination of the Impact of Modern Technology onSport?, Why do we need to develop sports technology?”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8383-8125-1.

Page, T., Ichimura, M. and Arunachalam, S., (2011) “A Novel Workforce Training Model for LeanManufacturing: Training to be Lean” Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-7886-4.

Page, T. (2011) “Can High Tech Swimwear Help You Swim Faster?” Lambert Academic Publishing,ISBN: 978-3-8433-9128-3.

Page, T. (2011) “A Growth Model in the Use of LEDs in Commercial Lighting Design” LambertAcademic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8443-0783-2.

Page, T. (2011) “Emotive Design Methods in Product Branding: Brand and Emotion and theirRelationship with Product Design” Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8443-1067-2.

Arunachalam, S., Page T. & Thorsteinsson, G. (2011) “The Design and Marketing of Power Tools:Examining the Role of Design Strategy in Garden Power Tool Companies”, Lambert AcademicPublishing, ISBN: 978-3-8443-2335-1.

Arunachalam, S. and Page T. (2011) “An Application of Data Mining Techniques in DataWarehousing: A Case-Based Approach”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-8037-9.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T. (2011) “Technology Mediated Learning for Teacher's ProfessionalDevelopment: Innovative ideas to improve In-Service Teacher Education”, Lambert AcademicPublishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-8043-0.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T. (2011) “Practical Based Subjects for The Wider Curricula: Society'sAttitude to Practical Based Education”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-4877-6.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T. (2011) “The Evolution of Rowing Technology: The Future Innovationof Rowing”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-9517-6.

Arunachalam, S. and Page T. (2011) “Development of a Compressor Circuit for an Automatic SoundDesk”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978- 3-8433-8567-1.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G. (2011) “Playful Learning”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8454-0665-7.

Page, T. (2011) “Influence of Social Networking in Electronic Product Design” Lambert AcademicPublishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-1590-7.

Page, T. (2011) “Brand Identity in Consumer-driven Electronic Product markets” Lambert AcademicPublishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-2238-7.

Page, T. (2011) “Design for Additive Manufacturing” Lambert Academic Publishing”, LambertAcademic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8473-2294-8.

Page, T. (2011) “Radio Frequency Identification in Electronic Product Design”, Lambert AcademicPublishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-9331-8.

Page, T. (2011) “Sustainable Product Development or Marketing Hype?”, Lambert AcademicPublishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-6637-3.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G. (2011) “Social Networking Technologies and Their Implications forCommerce”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-4573-7.

Page, T. (2011) “Brand Innovation in FMCG”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8443-1611-7.

Page, T. (2011) “Electronic Product Design of Home Entertainment Systems: A Study of Consumerissues in Electronic Product Design”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-3789-3.

Page, T. (2011) “Social Networking Technologies and Their Implications for Commerce”, LambertAcademic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-4573-7.

Page, T. (2012) “Sci Fi and Electronic Product Design: Futurism in Design”, Lambert AcademicPublishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-9656-2.

Page, T. (2012) “The Challenges of Sustainable Product Design: Studies in Electronic Products”,Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8473-7122-9.

Page, T. (2012) “Electronic Product Design of Sports Equipment: Proliferation of Technology inSport”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-8524-5.

Page, T. (2012) “Light Emitting Diode (LED) Technology in Industrial Lighting Design: A Study ofLighting Design”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8433-6073-9.

Page, T. (2012) “The Influence of Mobile Devices and Apps on Product Design: Design Tools on theMove”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-11120-4.

Page, T. (2012) “Sustainability in the Design of Electronic Consumer-Based Products: Models andmaterials”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8484-0280-9.

Page, T. (2012) “Mobile Apps as Design Practice Tools in Education and Practice: Electronic ProductDesign”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-11733-6.

Page, T. (2012) “Healthcare Innovations: Service and Product Design”, Lambert AcademicPublishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-12465-5.

Page, T. (2012) “Technology of Car Crime Prevention: Evaluation of Anti-Theft Devices”, LambertAcademic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-5344-2.

Page, T. (2012) “Intellectual Property and Business Competitiveness”, Lambert Academic Publishing,ISBN: 978-3-659-15569-7.

Page, T. (2012) “Developing Technologies in Mobile Applications”, Lambert Academic Publishing,ISBN: 978-3-659-15757-8.

Page, T. (2012) “Battery Technology in the Development of Power Tools”, Lambert AcademicPublishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-16369-2.

Page, T. (2012) “A Study of Smartphone Text Input Methods”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN:978-3-659-16826-0.

Thorsteinsson, G and Page, T. (2012) “Developing Shoes to Support Sport”, Lambert AcademicPublishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-16828-4.

Thorsteinsson, G and Page, T. (2012) “The Value of Good Toy Design for Children: Toys Can SupportChild Development”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-17237-3.

Page, T. (2012) “Scientific and Technological Diffusion in Engineering Design: Technology Transferand New Futures”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-17429-2.

Thorsteinsson, G and Page, T. (2012) “Chronological Age of Cars: The Importance of DevelopingSustainable Automotive Systems”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-18341-6.

Thorsteinsson, G and Page, T. (2012) “Developing Shoes to Support Sport Performance: TheImportance of Using Preferable Shoes in Athletics”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-16828-4.

Thorsteinsson, G and Page, T. (2012) “The Future of Car Making: Improving Automotive Systems forthe Future”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-19262-3.

Page, T. (2012) “A Usability Study of Automotive Control Screen Displays”, Lambert AcademicPublishing, ISBN: 978-3-8465-9722-4.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G. (2013) “Electronic Product Design: A Case Study In Cellular Devicedesign”, Lambert Academic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-44943-7.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G. (2013) “Innovation, Creativity and Success: A Case Study”, LambertAcademic Publishing, ISBN: 978-3-659-45253-9.

Page, T., ''Transmission End Beep Tone'', Radio Communication, 72(1), 1996, pp 42-43, ISSN 0033-7803.

Page, T., ''Automatic Tape Switch'', Radio Communication, 72(7), 1996, pp 35-36, ISSN 0033-7803.

Page, T. and Milburn, R., ''Causes of Misregistration in Multilayer PCBs during Prepreg Bonding'',Electronics Manufacturing Engineering: Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,181, 2004, pp 12-18.

Bohemia, E., Harman, K. and Page T., “Editorial on special issue on Futures of Design Education.”Journal of Design Research. Vol. 7, No. 3, Month 2009, Inderscience Publishers, ISSN: 1748-3050.

Ganesh, K., Nagarajan, S., Malairajan, R.A., and Page, T. “Special Issue on Heuristics and Meta-Heuristics for Integrated Supply Chain Optimization Problems”. International Journal of InformationSystems and Supply Chain Management, 6(2), pp.iv-viii, April-June 2013.

Page, T. and Gilliatt, J., ''An Approach to the Assessment of Engineering Design Activity as Practicedin the UK'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology, Proceedings of the 7th National Conference onProduction Research, Hatfield, UK, 1991, pp 162-166, ISBN 0-900458-46-1.

Page, T. and Parkinson, B., ''Functional Design'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology VII,Proceedings of the 9th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of Bath, UK,1993, pp 1-5, ISBN 1-85790-005-7.

Page, T., ''Concurrent Engineering: Implications for a New Material Supplier/Customer Relationship'',Advances in Manufacturing Technology VII, Proceedings of the 9th National Conference onManufacturing Research, University of Bath, UK, 1993, pp 1-5, ISBN 1-85790-005-7.

Page, T., ''Concurrent Engineering: Simultaneous Design and Manufacture'', Advances inManufacturing Technology VII, Proceedings of the 9th National Conference on ManufacturingResearch, University of Bath, UK, 1993, pp 1-5, ISBN 1-85790-005-7.

Page, T. and Parkinson, B., ''Concurrent Engineering: An Educational Perspective'', Proceedings of the2nd International Conference on Concurrent Engineering & Electronic Design Automation, Poole,UK, 1994, pp 208-212, ISBN 1-56555-074-9.

Page, T. and Beamish, J.C., ''A Knowledge-Based Tool for Conducting Design for Manufacture in aSurface Mount Technology Environment'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology IX, Proceedingsof the 11th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, De Montfort University, UK, 1995, pp125-129, ISBN 0-7484-0400-7.

Page, T., Loke, S. and Arunachalam, S., ''The Integration of a Knowledge-Based System and a GanttChart Scheduling Application for Solving the Machine Shop Scheduling Problem'', Advances inManufacturing Technology XII, Proceedings of the 14th National Conference on ManufacturingResearch, University of Derby, UK, 1998, pp 727-732, ISBN 1-86058-172-2.

Page, T., ''Implementation of Sample Design Rules in a Commercially Used PCB DesignApplication'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XIV, Proceedings of the 16th NationalConference on Manufacturing Research, University of East London, UK, 2000, pp 125-129, ISBN 1-86058-267-2.

Page, T., ''A Knowledge-Based Methodology for Guidelines and Rules in the Design for Assembly ofPrinted Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XIV, Proceedings of the 16thNational Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of East London, UK, 2000, pp 131-135,ISBN 1-86058-267-2.

Page, T., ''A Declarative Representation of Component Selection Guidelines and the Rules in theDesign for Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XIV,Proceedings of the 16th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, University of East London,UK, 2000, pp 137-141, ISBN 1-86058-267-2.

Page, T., ''A Review of Information Requirements for Conducting Design for Assembly in SurfaceMount Technology'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XiV, Proceedings of the 16th NationalConference on Manufacturing Research, University of East London, UK, 2000, pp 215-219, ISBN 1-86058-267-2.

Page, T. and Milburn, R., ''Causes of Misregistration in Multi-layer Printed Circuit boards duringPrepreg bonding'', Knowledge driven manufacturing, CIT Press, Cork Ireland, The 20th InternationalManufacturing Conference IMC20, Cork Institute of Technology, 2003, pp 274-279, ISBN 0 95457360 9.

Page, T., ''Knowledge-Based Computer-Aided Process Planning Approaches in ElectronicsManufacturing'', Knowledge Driven Manufacturing, CIT Press, Cork Ireland, The 20th InternationalManufacturing Conference IMC20, Cork Institute of Technology, 2003, pp 296-301, ISBN 0 95457360 9.

Page, T., Koliza, V., Pearce, D. and Khoudian, P., ''Soft Systems Methodology applied in the NewProduct Introduction (NPI) Process'', Knowledge Driven Manufacturing, CIT Press, Cork, Ireland,The 20th International Manufacturing Conference, IMC20, Cork Institute of Technology, 2003, pp575-581, ISBN 0 9545736 0 9.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''The Application of Internet-based Tutorials and a Managed LearningEnvironment in Support of the Teaching and Learning of CAD/CAM'', Technology Education and

Educational Technology E-Training Practices Proceedings of TEKA/FATE Symposium 2003,Lehtonen, M., Kannanoja, T., and Thorsteinsson, G. (eds), Finnish Association for Research inTechnology Education, University of Lapland, Centre for Media Pedagogy, TEKA/FATE Symposium2003, Helsinki & Lahti, Finland, 2003, p 28, ISSN 1459 6873.

Page, T., Koliza, V., Pearce, D. and Khoudian, P., ''Formulation of a calculation for identifying actualand potential costs incurred by delays in the New Product Introduction Process'', Proceedings of the19th National Conference on Manufacturing Research, Professional Engineering Publishing, 19thNational Conference on Manufacturing Research, Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 229-234, ISBN 186058 412 8.

Page, T., ''Embodiment of fine-pitch design for manufacturing guidelines and rules in printed circuitboard (PCB) design software'', Proceedings of the 19th National Conference on ManufacturingResearch, Professional Engineering Publishing, 19th National Conference on ManufacturingResearch, Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 259-264, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.

Page, T., ''A case study in the use of internet-based tutorials and a managed learning environment insupport of the teaching and learning of CAD/CAM'', Proceedings of the 19th National Conference onManufacturing Research, Professional Engineering Publishing, 19th National Conference onManufacturing Research, Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 303-308, ISBN 1 86058412 8.

Page, T., ''Embodiment of fine-pitch design for manufacturing guidelines and rules in printed circuitboard (PCB) design software'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XVII, ProfessionalEngineering Publishing, First International Conference on Manufacturing Research, StrathclydeUniversity, 2003, pp 259-264, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.

Page, T., ''A case study in the use of internet-based tutorials and a managed learning environment insupport of the teaching and learning of CAD/CAM'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology XVII,Professional Engineering Publishing, First International Conference on Manufacturing Research,Strathclyde University, 2003, pp 303-308, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.

Page, T., Koliza, V., Pearce, D. and Khoudian, P., ''Formulation of a calculation for identifying actualand potential costs caused by delays in the new product introduction process'', Advances inManufacturing Technology XVII, Professional Engineering Publishing, First International Conferenceon Manufacturing Research, Strathcylde University, 2003, pp 229-234, ISBN 1 86058 412 8.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Internet Based Tutorials in support of Teaching and LearningComputer-Aided Engineering'', TEKA/FATE Symposium, Educational Technology, Lahti, Finland,2003, pp 81-92, ISSN: 1459-6830.

Page, T. and Lehtonen, M., ''Internet-based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment inTeaching Microcontroller Interfacing'', Proceedings of the TEKA/FATE Symposium on TechnologyEducation 2004, Kananoja, T. (ed), TEKA/FATE Symposium, Turku, Finland, 2004, pp 201-207,ISBN 951-634-884-8.

Page, T. and Lehtonen, M., ''Internet-based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment inTeaching Microcontroller Interfacing'', Technology Education and Educational Technology andTraining Practices 2004, Kananojo, T. (ed), TEKA/FATE Symposium, Turku, Finland, 2004, pp 313-319, ISSN 1459-6830.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Application of Internet-Based Tutorials and a Managed LearningEnvironment for CAD/CAM Teaching'', Technology Education and Educational Technology andTraining Practices. Proceedings of TEKA/FATE Symposium, Helsinki, Finland, 2004, pp 341-352,ISBN: 951-634-884-8.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Innovative Design and Technology in a Virtual LearningEnvironment'', International Research and UK Education Conference, The Design and TechnologyAssociation (DATA), Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 185-189, ISBN 1 989 788 685.

Koliza, V., Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., O'Sullivan, J. and Page, T., ''Performance Measurement of theNew Product Introduction'', Proceedings of the 20th National Conference on Manufacturing Research,Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 294-298.

Koliza, V., Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., O'Sullivan, J. and Page, T., ''Performance Measurement of theNew Product Introduction Process'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology, Proceedings of the 2ndInternational Conference on Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 294-298,ISBN 1 84387 088 6.

Page, T., ''An Application of Internet-Based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment inSupport of Microcontroller Interfacing'', Proceedings of the 20th National Conference onManufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 459-464.

Page, T., ''An Application of Internet-Based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment inSupport of Teaching and Learning in Microcontroller Interfacing'', Advances in ManufacturingTechnology, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Manufacturing Research, SheffieldHallam University, 2004, pp 459-464, ISBN 1 84387 088 6.

Page, T., ''An Analysis of Registration Errors in High Density Interconnects Caused During Bondingof Multi-Layer Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', Proceedings of the 20th National Conference onManufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004, pp 67-72.

Page, T., ''An Analysis of Registration Errors in High Density Interconnects Caused during Bondingof Multi-layer Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)'', Advances in Manufacturing Technology, Proceedingsof the 2nd International Conference on Manufacturing Research, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004,pp 67-72, ISBN 1 84387 088 6.

Page, T., Thorsteinsson, G. and Lehtonen, M., ''Simulations as Mental Tools for Network-based GroupLearning in Innovation and Electronics Technology'', First International InnoEd Conference,Technologies for Learning, University of Leeds, 2004, pp 224-232.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Use of On Line Facilities In InnoEd'', First International InnoEdConference: Dimensions of Flexibility & Creativity for Preferable Futures, University of Leeds, 2004,pp 301-309.

Koliza, V., Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., O'Sullivan, J. and Page, T., ''Qualitative Analysis of the NewProduct Introduction (NPI) related Issues'', Proceedings of the 21st International ManufacturingConference IMC21, University of Limerick, 2004, pp 27-32, ISBN 1 8746537 7 1.

Page, T., ''Embodiment of Fine-Pitch Design Rules in a PCB Design Application'', Proceedings of the21st International Manufacturing Conference IMC21, University of Limerick, 2004, pp 553-558,ISBN 1 8746537 7 1.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Internet-Based Tutorials and a Managed Learning Environment inCAD/CAM Teaching'', Proceedings of the 21st International Manufacturing Conference IMC21,University of Limerick, 2004, pp 699-704, ISBN 1 8746537 7 1.

Lehtonen, M., Thorsteinsson, G., Page, T. and Ruokamo, H., ''A Virtual Learning Environment for theSupport of Teaching, Studying and Learning in Technology Education (Winner of best paper prize)'',Proceedings of Fourth IASTED International Conference on Web-based Education, Dr VladimirUskov (Ed), ACTA Press, WBE 2005, Grindelwald, Switzerland, February 2005, pp 109-118, ISBN:0-88968-480-2.

Page, T., ''A Learner Centred Evaluation of Hypermedia-based Learning Resources in BlendedLearning in Microcontroller Product Design'', Proceedings of DATA International ResearchConference 2005, Norman, E.W.L., Spendlove, D. and Grover, P. (eds), Design and TechnologyAssociation, Inspire and Educate, DATA International Research Conference 2005, Sheffield HallamUniversity, July 2005, pp 147-151, ISBN 1-898788-75-8.

Page, T., ''A Hypermedia-based Learning Environment in Support of Blended Learning in ElectronicProduct Design'', Proceedings of the third International Conference on Engineering and ProductDesign Education EPD05, Engineering and Product Design Education 2005, Napier University,Edinburgh, September 2005, pp 497-502.

Lehtonen, M., Page, T., Vahtivuori-Hanninen, S. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Emotionality Considerationsin Virtual Reality an Simulation Based Learning'', Proceedings of the 2005 Interlearn Conference,Helsinki University Press, Interlearn, 2005, Helsinki, Finland, December 2005, pp 106-113.

Lehtonen, M., Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Simulations and Virtual Realities as Modern Tools inTechnology Education - Looking for Proper Pedagogical Models'', Proceedings of the first InterlearnConference, Helsinki University Press, Interlearn, 2005, Helsinki, Finland, December 2005, pp 138-147.

Lehtonen, M., Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Emotionality Considerations in Virtual Reality andSimulation Based Learning'', Cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age (CELDA 2005),Kinshak, Demetrios G. Sampson, Pedro Isaias, Iadis Press, CELDA 2005, Porto, Portugal, December2005, pp 26-36, ISBN 972-8924-05-4.

Lehtonen, M., Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Simulations and Virtual Realities as Modern Tools inTechnology Education: Looking for Appropriate Pedagogical Models'', Proceedings of the Workshopon Human Centered Technology (HCT06), Multisilta, J. & Happaranta, H. (eds), Tampere University,Human Centered Technology (HCT056), Tampere University, Pori Campus, Pori, Finland, June 2006,pp 60-70, ISBN 952-15-1601-1.

Lehtonen, M, Ruokamo, H, Page, T. and Hepburn, M, ''MobIT: Empowering media environment forall?'', International Design for All Conference, European Design for All e-Accessibility Network(EDeAV) & the Finnish Design for All Network, International Design for All Conference, Universityof Lapland, Finland, September 2006, 156-171 pp.

Lehtonen, M., Thorsteinsson, G., Page, T. and Miloseva, L., ''Simulations and Virtual RealityLearning Environments as Sociomental Tools in Technology Education'', Proceedings of the 9thConference on Lifelong Learning in Europe (LLinE), Professor Hamalainen, K., KVS Foundation &Finnish Adult Education Research Society, 9th International Conference on Lifelong Learning inEurope, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland, January 2007, pp 134-145.

Lehtonen, M., Page, T., Thorsteinsson, G., and Miloseva, L., “Simulations and Virtual Reality Tools inTechnology Learning: Results from Two Case Studies (Winner of best paper prize)'', Proceedings ofSixth IASTED International Conference on Web-based Education, Dr Vladimir Uskov (Ed), ACTAPress, WBE 2007, Chamonix, France, March 14-16th 2007, pp 233-240, ISBN: 978-0-88986-650-8.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., Directions for Future Technology Education –Innovative TechnologyEducation in a Virtual Reality Learning Environment, International Conference for the Association forTeacher Education in Europe. (ATEE 2007), Changing Education in a Changing Society, KlaipedaUniversity, Lithuania, May 3rd -6th, pp 13-21, ISSN 1822-2196.

Thorsteinsson, G., Page, T. and Vismantiené, R., Virtual Reality as a Tool for Technology EnhancedLearning in Design Education: Case-Based Research, International Conference for the Association forTeacher Education in Europe. (ATEE 2007), Changing Education in a Changing Society, KlaipedaUniversity, Lithuania, May 3rd -6th, pp 283-292, ISSN 1822-2196.

Thorsteinsson, G and Page, T., Computer Mediated Communication as a Collaborative LearningEnvironment for In-Service Teacher’s Education. Proceedings of FISTE- A Future Way for In-ServiceTeacher Training Across Europe –Dissemination Seminar, Academia Nationala De Educatie Fizica SiSport – Bucharest, Romania. June 14th-16th 2007.

Thorsteinsson, G and Page, T., Using the BSCW to Run a Multinational On-Line In-Service Teachercourse in Europe. Proceedings of FISTE- A Future Way for In-Service Teacher Training AcrossEurope –Dissemination Seminar, Academia Nationala De Educatie Fizica Si Sport – Bucharest,Romania. June 14th-16th 2007.

Thorsteinsson, G and Page, T., Implementing the FISTE Educational technology for ElectronicDesign using BSCW at Loughborough University. Proceedings of FISTE- A Future Way for In-Service Teacher Training Across Europe –Dissemination Seminar, Academia Nationala De EducatieFizica Si Sport – Bucharest, Romania. June 14th-16th 2007.

Thorsteinsson, G and Page, T., Computer Supportive Communication Learning Approach Towards In-service Teacher’s Education in Europe. Proceedings of FISTE- A Future Way for In-Service TeacherTraining Across Europe –Dissemination Seminar, Academia Nationala De Educatie Fizica Si Sport –Bucharest, Romania. June 14th-16th 2007.

Thorsteinsson, G.. and Page, T., Using a Virtual Reality Learning Environment to Meet Future Needsof Innovative Product Design Education’: 9th International Conference on Engineering & ProductDesign Education (EPDE07), Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK, Sept 12th to 14th,pp 367-372, ISBN 978-0-9553942-1-8.

Page, T., ''Development of a Database for the Analysis of Non-Linear Materials within a FiniteElement Modelling Package'', Non-Linear Applications in Finite Element Analysis, Institute ofMechanical Engineers, London, 2001, pp1-5.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Managed Learning Environment in support of Teaching and Learningof CAD/CAM'', Technology Education and Education Technology. Proceedings of AnnualTEKA/FATE Symposium, Helsinki, Finland, 2004, pp 214-225, ISBN: 951-634-885-8.

Page, T., ''Design for Assembly Constraints in Surface Mount Technology'', October 2004, pp 1-7,Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB295.

Page, T., ''Knowledge-Based Support for the Provision of Design for Assembly Guidelines and Rulesin Electronics Manufacturing'', October 2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn,MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB296.

Page, T., ''Development and Integration of a Non-Linear Materials Database for Finite ElementAnalysis (FEA)'', October 2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,Technical Paper: TP04PUB297.

Page, T., ''Representation of Component Selection Rules for Design for Assembly of Printed CircuitBoards'', October 2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, TechnicalPaper: TP04PUB298.

Page, T., ''A Review of Knowledge-Based Computer-Aided Process Planning Approaches inElectronics Manufacturing'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn,MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB293.

Koliza, V., Page, T. and Pearce, D., ''Classification of Actual & Potential Cost Formulae Caused byDelays in the New Product Development (NPD) Process'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society ofManufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB303.

Page, T., ''Thick Film Microelectronic Packaging Technology'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society ofManufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB341.

Page, T., ''A Demonstration of the Implementation of Fine Pitch Design Rules in a PCB DesignApplication'', October 2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,USA,Technical Paper: TP04PUB294.

Pearce, D., Khoudian, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''Application of the Soft Systems Methodology inthe New Product Development (NPD) Process'', October 2004, pp 1-9, Society of ManufacturingEngineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB301.

Budan, A,, Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''The Use of a Simulated Annealing Algorithm for DesignOptimization of Steel and Composite Leaf Springs'', November 2004, pp 1-28, Society ofManufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB313.

Arunachalam, S., Sankaranarayanaswamy, K., Page, T. and Dhanalakshmi, V., ''Optimal Part FamilyFormation Using a Realistic Fuzzy Set Theoretic Approach in Cellular Manufacturing'', November2004, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:TP03PUB314.

Sankaranarayanaswamy, K., Arunachalam, S., Page, T. and Dhanalakshmi, V., ''Automatic Evaluationof alternate Tool Access Directions (TADs) using STEP for Minimal Set-up Changes'', November2004, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:TP04PUB315.

Koliza, V., Khoudian, P., Pearce, D., Page, T. and O'Sullivan, J., ''Monitoring of Performance in theNew Product Development (NPD) Process: Qualitative Analysis of Benchmarks'', November 2004, pp1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB320.

Page, T., ''Supply Chain Management - A Review of Integrated Design & Manufacture'', November2004, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:TP04PUB324.

Page, T., ''A Case Study in the Implementation of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System'',November 2004, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:TP04PUB325.

Page, T., ''A Discussion of Quality Management Systems Implementation - A European Context'',November 2004, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:TP04PUB326.

Page, T., ''Modern Photoplotting Formats'', November 2004, pp 1-9, Society of ManufacturingEngineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB340.

Page, T., ''A Specification for Design for Assembly Support in Surface Mount Technology Utilizing aKnowledge-Based System'', December 2004, pp 1-25, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn,MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB359.

Page, T., ''The Design of a Manifold Tract Component Through the Analysis of Solid-Fluid InteractionUsing F.E.A.'', December 2004, pp 1-29, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA,Technical Paper: TP04PUB360.

Page, T., ''A Description of the Design, Fabrication and Assembly of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)Using Surface Mount Technology (SMT) & Plated Through Hole (PTH) Technology'', December2004, pp 1-45, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:TP04PUB357.

Page, T., ''Design Guidelines and Rules for Effective Yield in Manufacturing & Assembly of PrintedCircuit Boards Utilizing Surface Mount Technology'', December 2004, pp 1-45, Society ofManufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP04PUB358.

Page, T., ''An Appraisal of Database Technologies in Support of Manufacturing Operation DecisionMaking'', 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical PaperTP05PUB155.

Mohanasumdaram, K., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''An Application of Performance Measurementin an Assembly Job Shop Environment - A Case Study'', 2005, pp 1-12, Society of ManufacturingEngineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB33.

Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Criteria for Successful Implementation of Decision Support Systems'',February 2005, pp 1-10, Socieity of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:TP05PUB19.

Page, T., ''Implementation Issues in Data Warehousing'', February 2005, pp 1-12, Society ofManufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB14.

Page, T., ''A Classification of Data Mining Techniques'', February 2005, pp 1-12, Society ofManufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB16.

Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Engineering Optimization Using Genetic Algorithms'', February 2005,pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB18.

Page, T., ''The Use of Topological Optimization Within a Finite Element Package for the Design of aStructural Component'', February 2005, pp 1-13, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB9.

Page, T., ''Design of a Bracket Fixture for Vibrational Analysis of a Fluid-Filled Manifold TractUtilizing Modal Analysis in FEA'', February 2005, pp 1-14, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB8.

Senthil, P., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''A Novel Algorithm for Parallel Machine Scheduling'',February 2005, pp 1-17, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper:TP05PUB12.

Page, T., ''Engineering Design Methods - A Review and Classification of Sources'', February 2005, pp1-24, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB13.

Page, T., ''A Demonstration of the Decision Support System Utilized in Support in the Design forAssembly of Printed Circuit Boards'', February 2005, pp 1-27, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB6.

Sundararaj, G., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''A Review of Experimental Techniques Applied inCryogenic Treatment of Cutting Tols and Metals'', February 2005, pp 1-35, Society of ManufacturingEngineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB11.

Page, T., ''A Representation of Design Guidelines and Rules in Electronic Design for ManufacturingUtilizing Knowledge Representation Schema'', February 2005, pp 1-57, Society of ManufacturingEngineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB5.

Arunachalam, S., Loke, S. and Page, T., ''Solving the Machine Shop Scheduling Problem Through theIntegration of a Knowledge-based System and a Gantt Chart Scheduling Application'', February 2005,pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB10.

Page, T., ''An Introduction to Multi-Agent Systems'', February 2005, pp 1-8, Society of ManufacturingEngineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB17.

Miller, J. and Page, T., ''Optimization Formulae for Multi-Station Assembly Systems'', February 2005,pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB15.

Brown, C.C., MacNair Smith, H., Miller, J. and Page, T., ''The Design and Development of a RoboticAssembly System for Consumer Products Assisted by Voice Control'', March 2005, pp 1-8, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB32.

Page, T., ''Conversion of Analogue Signals to Digital Signals for Input to Microcontroller Devices'',June 2005, pp 1-10, Socieity of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical PaperTP05PUB91.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''The Need for Neutral File Formats in the Translation of CAD Data'',June 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical PaperTP05PUB69.

Sankaranarayanasamy, K., Arunachalam, S., Page, T. and Dhanalakshmi, V., ''A Novel Approach toPart Family Formation in Cellular Manufacturing Using Fuzzy Analysis in CAD/CAM'', June 2005,pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB67.

Page, T., ''Approaches to the Design of Digital Systems Using Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)CAD'', June 2005, pp 1-16, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, TechnicalPaper TP05PUB90.

Page, T., ''Activity-Based Costing (ABC) - A Guide to Implementation and Use for ManufacturingEngineering Operations'', June 2005, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI,USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB68.

Page, T., ''The Modeling of Three-Dimensional Assemblies in CAD'', June 2005, pp 1-7, Society ofManufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB70.

Page, T., ''Decision Making for Capacity Planning'', June 2005, pp 1-8, Society of ManufacturingEngineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB92.

Page, T., ''A Methodology for the Rationalization of Investment in Advanced ManufacturingTechnology'', June 2005, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, TechnicalPaper TP05PUB66.

Page, T., ''The Formulation of a Product Design Specification (PDS) with Emphasis on Design forAssembly'', August 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI. USA,Technical Paper TP05PUB173.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Implications of Quality Measures on the Product Design Process'',August 2005, pp 1-11, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, TechnicalPaper TP05PUB191.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Representation of Product Form Through Drafting & Tolerancing'',August 2005, pp 1-11, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, TechnicalPaper TP05PUB192.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''CIM - Implications for the Management of Product Data withinDesign and Manufacturing'', August 2005, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn,MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB131.

Page, T., ''Enabling Technologies for Effective Management of Product Development in the 21stCentury'', August 2005, pp 1-19, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, TechnicalPaper TP05PUB132.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Computer-Aided Manufacturing & Rapid Prototyping Techniques'',August 2005, pp 1-5, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, TechnicalPaper TP05PUB113.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Parametric Modelling in 3D CAD Systems Using Constraint andVariational Based Techniques'', August 2005, pp 1-5, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn,MI, USA, Technical Paper TB05PUB157.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''A Managerial Classification of Cellular Manufacturing Systems toFacilitate Cycle' Time Reduction'', August 2005, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers,Dearborn, MI (USA), Technical Paper TB05PUB133.

Page, T., ''Material Removal Through Drilling & Hole Making Processes'', August 2005, pp 1-8,Society of Manufacturing Engineers, (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB193.

Page, T., ''The Modelling of Curve Entities in 3D CAD'', August 2005, pp 1-8, Society ofManufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper TP05PUB154.

Page, T., ''Graphical Aides and Tools for the Implementation of Continuous Improvement'', August2005, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical PaperTP05PUB156.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Hardware Requirements for Modern Computer Aided EngineeringApplications'', August 2005, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA,Technical Paper TP05PUB114.

Page, T., ''Design and Analysis Software Applications for Engineering Design and Manufacture'',August 2005, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, TechnicalPaper TP05PUB194.

Page, T., ''The Use of Manufacturing Information Systems in Support of E-Commerce Activities'',October 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA.

Page, T., ''An Account of the Use of DFA/DFM Tools in Modern Manufacturing Enterprises'', October2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper(TP05PUB214).

Page, T., ''Where is the Future for Networking and Data Communication Technologies'', October2005, pp 1-17, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper(TP05PUB220).

Page, T., ''A Strategy for Globalized Manufacturing Operations'', October 2005, pp 1-6, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper (TP05PUB215).

Page, T., ''Strategies for the Location of Multi-Plant Networks'', October 2005, pp 1-6, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper (TP05PUB217).

Page, T., ''To provide for Process Variability Through the Specification of Tolerances in Modern 3DCAD'', October 2005, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA,Technical Paper (TP05PUB212).

Page, T., ''A Consideration of Manufacturing Issues in the Strategic Management of Operations'',October 2005, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA.

Page, T., ''Technologies for Automation in Manufacturing'', October 2005, pp 1-8, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper (TP05PUB218).

Page, T., ''Embedded Microprocessor Product Design'', October 2005, pp 1-9, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, MI, USA, Technical Paper (TP05PUB219).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Semiconductor Logic Families Used in Electronic Product Design'',December 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) Dearborn, Mi, USA, TechnicalPaper: TP05PUB250.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''The Use of VHDL-1 in Digital Electronic Product Design'',December 2005, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) Dearborn, Mi, USA, TechnicalPaper: TP05PUB251.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Logic Device Design Methods for Encoding, Decoding andArithmetic Operator Implementations'', December 2005, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers(SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB252.

Page, T., ''Combinational Circuit Design Using Discrete Bistable Devices'', December 2005, pp 1-6,Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB254.

Pearce, D., O'Sullivan, J,, Khoudian, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''An Application of SensitivityAnalysis on New Product Development Projects with Time to Market Variations'', December 2005, pp1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper:TP05PUB248.

Pearce, D., O'Sullivan, J., Khoudian, P., Page, T. and Koliza, V., ''New Product Introduction and Timeto Market with Emphasis on Business Profitability - A Survey'', December 2005, pp 1-7, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB249.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''The Representation of Time Factor Delays in High Speed IC Designusing VHDL'', December 2005, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi,USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB253.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Discrete Combinational Circuit Implementations for ElectronicProduct Design'', December 2005, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi,USA, Technical Paper: TP05PUB255.

Page, T., ''Implementation Issues in Quality Systems'', 2006, pp1-7, Society of ManufacturingEngineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP06PUB120).

Page, T., ''The Abstraction of Manufacturing Features from Surface Models in CAD'', March 2006, pp1-11, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB6.

Page, T., ''Geometric Modelling and Representation of Curve and Surface Operations in 3D CAD'',March 2006, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, TechnicalPaper TP06PUB13.

Page, T., ''A Collaborative Design Methodology for the Design of Embedded Control Systems'',March 2006, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, TechnicalPaper TP06PUB14.

Page, T., ''A Direct Translation Technique for Transferring Data Between Electronic and MechanicalCAD Systems'', March 2006, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi,USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB5.

Page, T., ''Algorithms for Collision Avoidance in Machine Tool Path Verification'', March 2006, pp 1-13, Society of Manufacturing Engineers SME, Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB9.

Page, T., ''Traditional Industry Competition - Development of an Agile Supply Chain'', March 2006,pp 1-14, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical PaperTP06PUB7.

Page, T., ''The Application of Geometric Tree Structures in Constructing and Modifying 3-D Modelsin CAD'', March 2006, pp 1-15, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,Technical Paper TP06PUB4.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Methods for Hardware and Software Systems Design'', March 2006,pp 1-16, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical PaperTP06PUB18.

Page, T., ''Representation Schemes Used in Geometric Modelling of Solids and Surfaces in CAD'',March 2006, pp 1-20, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, TechnicalPaper TP06PUB17.

Page, T., ''Pragmatic Considerations in Design for Production'', March 2006, pp 1-7, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB12.

Page, T., ''A Group Technology Approach to Computer-Aided Process Planning Systems'', March2006, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical PaperTP06PUB8.

Page, T., ''Approaches to Focussed Manufacturing'', March 2006, pp 1-8, Society of ManufacturingEngineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB10.

Page, T., ''Enabling Technologies for Effective Computer-Aided Manufacturing'', March 2006, pp 1-8,Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB11.

Page, T., ''An Overview of Production Control Systems for Kanban Operation'', March 2006, pp 1-9,Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB15.

Page, T., ''Key Features of Lean Production'', March 2006, pp 1-9, Society of ManufacturingEngineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB16.

Page, T., ''Mechatronic Systems Used in Control'', June 2006, pp 1-10, Society of ManufacturingEngineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper TP06PUB94.

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''An Introduction to VLSI for Electronic Product Design'', June 2006,pp 1-13, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper:TP06PUB93.

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''MOSFET Technologies for Logic Functions in Electronic ProductDesign'', October 2006, pp1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) Dearborn, Mi, USA.,Technical Paper (TP06PUB118).

Page, T., ''Introduction to Bezier and NURBS Representation Schemes in Surface Modelling'',October 2006, pp1-27, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) Dearborn,Mi, USA., TechnicalPaper (TP06PUB134).

Baloglu, A., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Re-Engineering the Supply Chain in Internet Age: A CaseStudy ABB Turkey'', October 2006, pp1-27, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn,Mi, USA., Technical Paper (TP06PUB119).

Page, T., ''Algorithms Used for Routing and Placement in VLSI'', November 2006, pp 1-10, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP06PUB153).

Page, T., ''Linear Programming Techniques for Floorplanning in VLSI'', November 2006, pp 1-12,Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP06PUB155).

Page, T., ''Programmable Techniques for Transmission Line Optimization in VLSI'', November 2006,pp 1-5, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper(TP06PUB154).

Page, T., ''Non-Slicing Floorplan Representation Used in Linear Programming in VLSI'', November2006, pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper(TP06PUB156).

Page, T., ''A Justification for Relevance in Performance Measurement Criteria'', November 2006, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP06PUB152).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''VLSI Circuit Partitioning at System, Board and Component Level'',March 2007, pp 1-23, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, TechnicalPaper (TP07PUB13).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Methodologies for Placement, Floorplanning and Clustering in VLSIDesign'', March 2006, pp 1-20, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,Technical Paper (TP07PUB14).

Ichimura, M., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Critical Training Requirements for LeanManufacturing'', March 2007, pp 1-16, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi,USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB15).

Kannan, A.R., Pandey, K., Narayanasamy, R., Arunachalam, S., Shanmugan, S. and Page, T., ''ThePerformance of Deformation of Fe-0.8%C-1.0%Si-0.8%Cu Sintered Powder Metallurgy SpecimensThroughout Preform Forging '', March 2007, pp 1-21, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME),Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB16).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Agent-based Simulations in Engineering Education'', July 2007, pp 1-13, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB73).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Circuit Optimization Techniques in VLSI Design'', July 2007, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB75).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''CMOS Logic Construction in VLSI'', July 2007, pp 1-17, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB76).

Page, T., ''Computer Graphics in CAD/CAM'', July 2007, pp 1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers(SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB77).

Page, T., ''Design Process: A Case Study in Product Improvement'', July 2007, pp 1-10, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB78).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Innovative Technology Education'', July 2007, pp 1-14, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB79).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Detailed Routing Considerations in VLSI'', July 2007, pp 1-10,Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB80).

Page, T., ''Effective Computer-Aided Manufacturing'', July 2007, pp 1-7, Society of ManufacturingEngineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB81).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Global Routing Techniques in VLSI'', July 2007, pp 1-7, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB82).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Innovative and Practical Use of Knowledge is the Key to the Future'',July 2007, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper(TP07PUB83).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Maze Routing Methods in VLSI'', July 2007, pp 1-9, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB84).

Thorsteinsson, G., Page, T. and Lehtonen, M., ''Network-Based Group Learning in Innovative ProductEngineering'', July 2007, pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,Technical Paper (TP07PUB85).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Process Planning in Machine Tool Metal Cutting'', July 2007, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB86).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Product Development Technologies'', July 2007, pp 1-7, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB87).

Page, T., ''Production Levelling and Scheduling'', July 2007, pp 1-8, Society of ManufacturingEngineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB88).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Rendering Techniques in Geometric Modelling'', July 2007, pp 1-11,Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB89).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Routing Techniques in VHDL'', July 2007, pp 1-8, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB90).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Setup-Time Reduction and Equipment Maintenance'', July 2007, pp1-7, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB91).

Page, T., Thorsteinsson, G. and Hasari, M., ”Technical Creativity in a Virtual Reality LearningEnvironment'', July 2007, pp 1-12, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA,Technical Paper (TP07PUB92).

Page, T., Thorsteinsson, G. and Lehtonen, M. ''A Virtual Reality Learning for the Support of Learningin Engineering Education'', July 2007, pp 1-16, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME),Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB94).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Product Data Management and Standardization in Computer-AidedEngineering Data'', July 2007, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi,USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB95).

Page, T. ''Assembly modelling in Computer-Aided Engineering'', July 2007, pp 1-6, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB96).

Page, T. ''Activity-Based Costing (ABC) in Operations management'', July 2007, pp 1-6, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB97).

Page, T. ''Components of Lean Production'', July 2007, pp 1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers(SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB98).

Page, T. ''Analogue to Digital Conversion in Embedded Devices'', July 2007, pp 1-9, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB99).

Arreymbi, J., Arunachalam, S. and Page, T., ''Evaluating the Effects of Radio Frequency identification(RFID) Applications in Manufacturing and Business'', July 2007, pp 1-12, Society of ManufacturingEngineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB100).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Data and Information Management in Design and Manufacturing'',July 2007, pp 1-11, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper(TP07PUB101).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Constraint and Variational Techniques in Solid Modelling'', July2007, pp 1-4, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper(TP07PUB102).

Page, T. ''Concurrent Engineering in the Era of Mass Customization'', July 2007, pp 1-18, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB103).

Page, T. ''VLSI Digital Design Techniques'', July 2007, pp 1-15, Society of Manufacturing Engineers(SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB104).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Computer-Aided Engineering Firmware Needs'', July 2007, pp 1-8,Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB105).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Cycle Time Reduction in Cellular Manufacturing Systems'', July2007, pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper(TP07PUB106).

Page, T., ''Strategic Level Decision-Making in Capacity Planning'', July 2007, pp 1-7, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB107).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''The Effect of CAD/CAM in Casting'', July 2007, pp 1-4, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB108).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Operational Issues in Supply Chain Management'', July 2007, pp 1-6,Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB109).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Geometric Modelling of Curves in CAD'', July 2007, pp 1-7, Societyof Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB110).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''DFA/DFM Tools for Successful Product Development'', August2007, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper(TP07PUB187).

Page, T. and Thorsteinsson, G., ''Design Specifications: Emphasis on Design fir Assembly'', August2007, pp 1-10, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper(TP07PUB188).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Via Minimisation Techniques in IC Design'', December 2007, pp 1-14, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper(TP07PUB201).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''A Methodology for Digital Design'', December 2007, pp 1-10,Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB202).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Placement Considerations in Gate Array Design'', December 2007, pp1-11, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper(TP07PUB203).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''2D Placement Constraints in Digital Design'', December 2007, pp 1-6, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB204).

Page, T., ''The Role of Manufacturing in E-Commerce'', December 2007, pp 1-10, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB205).

Page, T., ''Applications of Design and Analysis'', December 2007, pp 1-9, Society of ManufacturingEngineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB206).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Multi-Dimensional Tolerance Assignment'', December 2007, pp 1-11,Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB207).

Page, T., ''Performance Measurement in the Product Design Process'', December 2007, pp 1-11,Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB211).

Page, T., ''Tolerance Assignment in 3D-CAD'', December 2007, pp 1-7, Society of ManufacturingEngineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB212).

Page, T., ''Quality Measures in Product Design'', December 2007, pp 1-11, Society of ManufacturingEngineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB213).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Advanced Design Rules in Routing'', December 2007, pp 1-8,Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB215).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Technology Mapping of Functions in IC design'', December 2007, pp1-8, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper(TP07PUB216).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Routing Techniques in IC Design'', December 2007, pp 1-9, Societyof Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB217).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Routing and Cell design Rules'', December 2007, pp 1-9, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB218).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., ''Maze Routing in IC Design'', December 2007, pp 1-11, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB219).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T., (2007) Detailed Routing Design Rules, pp. 1-13, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB220).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T. (2007) Global Routing in IC Design', pp. 1-8, Society ofManufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP07PUB221).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T. (2008) Enhanced Productivity Through Focused Production Methods,January 2008, pp 1-9, Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, TechnicalPaper (TP08PUB19).

Thorsteinsson, G. and Page, T. (2008) Process Modelling in a Product Development Project, pp. 1-9,Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME), Dearborn, Mi, USA, Technical Paper (TP08PUB20).