The Human Microbiome and the Immune SystemDr. Ashton J. Harper MBBS, BSc (Hons), MRCSMedical Director, ADM Protexin

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• What is the immune system and how does it work?

• How does the microbiome interact with the immune system?

• Threats to microbiome balance and implications for health and wellbeing

• ADM research and microbiome solutions offerings

Agenda

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• The immune system is our vital defense program against infectious organisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites.

• It is a complex organization of specialized organs and cells integrated throughout and serving every inch of the body.

• When the immune system doesn’t work properly it causes a world of problems.

What Is the Immune System and Why Does It Matter?

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The Immune System and the Microbiome

https://www.asianscientist.com/2014/07/in-the-lab/gut-immunity-street-2014/

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How Does the Immune System Work?

Inside the bank are blood and sterile organs.

The security guards represent the innateimmune system (first

response).

The bank robbers are pathogens (viruses,

bacteria, etc.).

If the robbers get past security they trip the

internal alarm that calls for back up and are

picked up on CCTV (the adaptive immune

system) that remembersthem in case they ever

come back.

An analogy for the way it works is thinking of it as a bank…

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How Do the Security Guards (Innate Immunity) Protect the Bank?

Physical barriersSkin

Gut epithelium (including mucus)Lung epithelium (including mucus)

Defensivecompounds

DefensinsCytokines + chemokines

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)

Receptor triggersToll like receptors (TLRs)

Innate white blood cells

Phagocytes Natural killer cells

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How Does the Internal Security (Adaptive Immunity) Protect the Bank?

Memory T cellsImmune cells that remember

specific pathogens and are able to mount a strong and

rapid response in case of future re-infection

T lymphocytesSpecific targeting of pathogens

B lymphocytesSecrete antibodies – Y shaped

proteins that target bacteria and viruses

CD8 T Cell

B Cell

Regulatory T Cell

CD4 T Cell

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How Does the Microbiome Help the Security System Protect the Bank?

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The Human Microbiome Life Cycle and Environmental Threats

Source: 2012 Ottman, Smidt, de Vos and Belzer

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The Human Microbiome Life Cycle and Environmental Threats

MalnutritionDysbiosis

ImmunosuppressionSusceptibility to infection

OvernutritionDysbiosis

Immune dysregulationInflammation

Optimal nutritionEubiosis (optimal balance)Optimal immune function

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ADM Microbiome Lab Research: Evidence of Immune System Modulation

E. coli and Salmonella

Rotavirus

Staph. aureus

C. difficile

SkinStomach

Colon

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ADM Microbiome Solutions: Human Evidence

H. Pylori infectionCoeliac disease

Acute gastroenteritisAtopic dermatitis

Immunomodulation (healthy)Urinary tract infections

Vaginal candidiasis

Enhancing the response to influenza vaccine

Infants/children Adults Elderly

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Key Takeaways

1. The microbiome has a significant impact on immune system development and function

2. Environmental pressures throughout life threaten the microbiome and our health and wellbeing

3. ADM offers a wide range of evidence backed microbiome solutions to help target the immune system

Thank You