The Human Body Review

Muscle cell muscle tissue Organ Organ system

Section 7- 4

Levels of Organization

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These Organ Systems function together to maintain homeostasis – a stable internal environment

The Integumentary SystemA. Major Organs

– Skin– Hair – Nails

B. Major Functions– Protection – keeps moisture in and pathogens out– Sensory input – nerves in skin allow you to sense your

environment– Temperature regulation – sweat produced by glands in the

skin cool the body– Waste removal – chemicals can be removed along with

sweat

Muscular System• Skeletal Muscles-

Work together with bones to provide movement for the body.

• Smooth Muscles- involuntary muscle that moves food through the digestive tract and controls blood flow.

•Cardiac Muscle- Only found in the heart

Skeletal System

• Major Functions:– Protection

– Support

– Mineral Storage

– Works with muscles to provide movement

Nervous SystemMajor Function:

To control all activities of the body• Neurons- Nerve cells that transport signals

• Major organs:

- Central Nervous System- Brain and Spinal Cord

-Peripheral Nervous System- Nerves that relay messages between the CNS and the rest of your body

Digestive SystemMajor Function: To break down food (mechanically and

chemically) into molecules that the body can use.

Organs:

Mouth- mechanical and chemical digestion takes place

Esophagus- tube leading to stomach

Stomach- Mechanical and chemical digestion

Small Intestines- Chemical digestion and absorbs Nutrients into blood stream

Large Intestines- Absorbs water into blood stream

Respiratory SystemMajor Functuion- To supply the cells of the body

with oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide wastes

Major organs:Trachea- tube that leads to the lungsLungs- cavities that hold oxygen or carbon dioxide

wastesAlveoli- sacs inside lungs where gas exchange takes

place.Diaphragm- relaxes and contracts to draw oxygen

into the lungs and expell carbondioxide out of the lungs.

Urinary System• Filters harmful poisons from the body

– Kidneys- filters the blood of harmful wastes

Circulatory System• Transports material to and from the cells in the

body.

• Organs-– Blood- transports nutrients, oxygen and cellular wastes

throughout the body using red blood cells– Heart- Pumps blood through the vessels in the body– Blood Vessels- Transport system

• Veins transport blood to heart

• Arteries transport blood away from the heart

• Capillaries- the exchange site at cells

Circulatory SystemMajor Transport System of nutrients and wastes to and from every cell in the body.

Reproductive System

• To enable organisms to carry on life by producing offspring.

• Meiosis- The production of sex cells (gametes) which are haploid cells– Female gamete- Eggs– Male gamete- Sperm

ALLOWS FOR GENETIC VARIATION!!!