The Holography Times, Vol 3, Issue 6

8/6/2019 The Holography Times, Vol 3, Issue 6

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Special Report

The Holography TimesEndeavour to safe guard products & people

April 2009 | Vol. III | Issue VI www.homai.org

TM

Counterfeit Deterrence:Currency design in India & abroad

ALSO Zebra Saves Time, Money And Lives with Hologram Hologram Warranty Sealfor Cuban Cigars Reconnaissance Acquires Cross Conferences HolographicTechnologies for solar Generation Industry Updates and more

1The Holography Times is a quarterly newsletter published by HoMAI.


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The Holography Times

A warm welcome to all our readers!

With new hopes and resolutions we step into the New financial Year. Every financial yearcomes with new challenges, new opportunities and new ideas. It is critical to reassessones goals, objectives and strategies in order to keep pace with the changing nature ofthe world and look your best. HoMAI is no exception.

Holography is amongst one of the few industries which has tremendous opportunities, butis also subject to rapid advancement and innovation- where there is always something newhappening worldwide. Thus, there is a continuous need for up gradation of technology,customer education & security features. As a hologram manufacturer, there is always achallenge to stay a step ahead of counterfeiters.

We, the team of Holography Times, have set down certain agenda to ensure remarkableachievement and progress of this industry. It has been our constant endeavour to bringa sharper focus to the requirements of our readers, to talk to all users, model their useof information in the newsletter, and design an appropriate format. We understand thatholography is not just restricted to security business. For a wider perspective we will tryto cover areas like, Medical Holography, applications of holography, Promotional, printingetc. For this change to translate into success, we would like your feedback on whatshould be included in our newsletter, as well as issues and questions that should be raised,to make it a real medium of communication. In addition to regular features, we will besending you feedback questionnaires for your comments.

This quarterly issue of Holography times has a very important offering on currencycounterfeiting for our readers in the form of a special report titled Counterfeit Deterrence-Currency Design in India & Abroad. A must-read for all members! This topic has beenincluded again in this edition, since the menace of fake currency is serious and real.Seizures of large quantities of bank notes reported in the press suggest that there is adramatic increase in the scale of counterfeit in India. In this article we study counterfeitmoney, its threat to society, explore the characteristic of an ideal currency & compareand contrast design features in bank notes issued by monetary authorities of variouscountries, to deter counterfeiting.This issue also includes latest holography happenings,Technology read on use of innovative holographic technologies for solar energy generation,Industry news & updates among many others.

With your support we will be back with more insightful and informative articles!

Happy reading!

Team HoMAI!

In this Issue

News Bytes 3-5

Corporate News 6

Company Profile 7

Holographic SolarA scientific & novel approachin solar energy generation 13

Event & Conference 14

Counterfeit Deterrence:Currency Design in India & Abroad

Holoflexgrowth withinnovation

New financial year!

New challenges!

Editorial

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The Holography Times News Bytes

Zebra saves time, money & lives with hologramZebra Imaging, an Austin rm,has gured out a high speedprint process that reproduces any

form of 3-D computer data, as animage that can be viewed from anyangle, without distortion. Also, ithas created a printing method thatgenerates images on at lm thatappear to be three dimensional,without using special glasses. Thecompany, founded in 1996, initiallydeveloped the technology so theautomobile industry could eliminatethe step of building clay models.

At present, Zebra Imagings largestcustomer is the U.S. Army, which usesthe technology for geospatial maps,since it gives a better idea of heightsand distances than conventionalmaps. Here, holographic technologiesfor military applications nd its usein data visualization and table topholographic displays of net-centricbattle space in the form of maps.However, now, Zebras new printingmachine has opened up the hologrammarket to many more manufacturersand designers that need to see whattheir computer-drawn products reallylook like.

The company is looking to expand its targetmarket from military to architecture due to

several factors providing an opportunity.In addition to improvements in laserimaging technology; architecturaldrawings are now initially producedwith 3-D, computer-aided design

software. The shift is enabling ZebraImaging to directly produce theholograms from natively produced 3-D drawings, and skip to convert CADdrawings to 3-D images. The 13-year-old company plans to tap architectsas potential new customers. Zebras innovation lies is makinglarge holograms that are accurate fromany angle- the approach is intended to

replace conventional model building.A holographic model of a buildingby Zebra Imaging Inc. can provide

a three-dimensional view for muchless money and in much less timethan physical models. Instead of the weeks it takes to build a physicalmodel, a hologram can be producedin hours. The turnaround productiontime is fast and the model size, color,quality, and potential for animationare user-controlled parameters-givingthe architect more control. The cost of a hologram is comparable to physicalmodels produced of the same size-A single 2 sq. foot monochromaticimage panel typically costs $1,500to $2,000, while color images cost$3,000 to $4,000, whereas physicalmodels typically cost at least $6,000.They are robust, easy to handle,easy to transport and send. Updates& multiple copies can be easilyproduced & sent out to stakeholdersat a single / multiple locations.Holograms can be archived asphysical documentation. Due tothese reasons the company expectsthe technology to be a popular toolamong rms.Source: www.zebraimaging.com

Inside the Humvee at night

AB Graphic launches new modules for foil hologAB Graphic International, aworldwide supplier of labelconverting and nishing equipment,has announced a number of newdevelopments for its Digicon Series2 label converting line. These includemodules for booklet insertion, foilhologram registration and twinatbed die embossing/foiling.Omega Digicon series 2 is a modularlabel converting line for digitallyprinted webs and offers all the usualproduction options such as 100%camera inspection, hot foil stamping,embossing, over laminating andsheeting.

The new modules expand the range

of label applications possible. Thebooklet insertion application is ttedto the Digicon on rails so that it canbe pushed out of the way when notin use. Digital servomotors ensureprecise web tension and tracking.

The hologram module was recently suppliedfor security application and is used incombination with an inkjet printing system.This particular converting line is unique inthat it has three web movements all on thesame machine; semi-rotary, intermittentand full rotary.

The twin at bed die embossingmodule with semi-rotary die cuttingis another innovation that also permitsfoiling. Savings are realized throughthe use of at bed tooling which is afraction of the cost of rotary tooling.

Source:www.labelsandlabeling.com

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The Holography TimesNews Bytes

Hologram warranty seal for Cuban cigars

In a move aimed at making it difcultfor counterfeiters to package andsell fake Cuban cigars, Habanos S.A.,responsible for manufacture andexport of Cuban cigars, has modiedthe look of the familiar green andwhite Cuban Government WarrantySeal of 1912 which adorns alllegitimate boxes of Havana cigars.

The Warranty Seal has been one of themost visible methods of determiningwhether Cuban cigars are real ornot. The management of Habanoshas introduced this measure, sincebogus cigars cut into their prots, not

to mention alienates smokers whoquickly become disillusioned withexpensive Cuban cigars that tasteunremarkable and dont live up totheir lofty expectations.

From now on, the leading cigarsupplier will introduce the newWarranty seal in its packagingto safeguard contents. Two newelements will be added- a hologramon the right hand as a security itemand a barcode on the left hand, nextto the Cote d Arms, which willpersonalize every package.

The new seal has special characteristics,such as an auto-destructive feature on any

attempt at removal, non-transferred label;highly adherent paper (plastic) which is self-destructive; scan and photocopy-protectedsystem; holographic band showing abi-colour text in the second and thirddimension; elements with optical variationsattached and an enclosed micro dot onlyvisible through a laser scanner.

A unique bar code will be applied onevery box, customizing every pack.

This information will be saved in adatabase, allowing identication of the product at all times, including towhom the product was addressed aswell as the invoice number.

Source: www.cigarcyclopedia.com

The new Cuban Warranty Seal with the personalized bar code on the left hand sideand the hologram on the right

This picture

shows the proper placement of the new Cuban

Warranty Seal in alreadysealed boxes

HP launches new digital label press to

compete with flexographicHP has launched its latest digital labelpress, the HP Indigo WS6000, whichcan handle up to 80% of jobs printed ontraditional flexographic presses and alsosaves time. The new digital press is beingtargeted at customers in the packaging andmarketing sectors.

The machine builds on HPs

existing ws4500 model and canprint at speeds up to 30m per minutein four-colour mode. According to the

manufacturer, the WS6000 has beendesigned to be more cost-effective on

jobs up to 4,000 linear meters, whichis the kind of work that is normallycarried out on exographic machines.

Also, it can print on a variety of substrates ranging from thin exiblepackaging material, to folding carton,

label and shrink sleeve media.Alon Bar-Shany, vice president andgeneral manager of HPs Indigo

division, said the latest model buildson the success of the ws4500 andoffers a combination of quality, fastturnaround and exibility enablingcustomers to pursue new revenueopportunities. He added: HPis unlocking lean manufacturingbenets for consumer packagedgoods makers in addition to offering

a competitive cost per label.

Souce: www.printweek.com

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The Holography Times News Bytes

SBI launches 1st cash factory to prevent counterfeiIn d i a slargest bank,the State Bankof India (SBI)launched itsrst Currency

Administration Branch (CAB), inLucknow, to handle currency notes.Also known as cash factory, CABis part of the banks plan to openone currency chest in every cityto distribute notes to local banks& ATMs, apart from identifying

counterfeit currencies.The cash factory will be the nodalpoint for all local SBI branches as

well as ATMs. About half a dozensophisticated note sorting machines

will sort out currency notes in fourvarieties in the branch ofce. Therst variety currency notes will befed into ATMs, the second variety,known as re-issuable notes, will bekept for customer transactions, whilethe third one, non-issuable, willbe sent back to the Reserve Bankof India. Mutilated and bad notesdetected by machines will comeunder the fourth variety and will be

subjected to further manual scrutiny.This new arrangements will be aimedat a more efcient and cost-effectivecentralized currency administration

system instead of having multiplecurrency chests.

SBI chief general managerShiv Kumar also said, that TheCAB would also give a boost tothe ght against fake currency inUttar Pradesh, which is turning outto be a hub for counterfeit currencynotes smuggled purportedly acrossthe porous border with Nepal. InAugust last year, a Reserve Bank of India team had unearthed counterfeit

currency amounting to over Rs.5million from the currency chest of SBIs Domariaganj branch.Source: www.timesondia.com

Zimbabwe music rights associations drive to fight pirM any efforts have been taken byorganizations such as the Anti-Piracy Organization of Zimbabwe

and other stakeholders to arrestinfringers of music piracy and putmechanisms in place to protect artistsfrom having their music reproduced, starving them of their dues. For anindustry growing at the rate of 18%,piracy could abort its stratosphericight even before take off, thus moreis being done by the organizations toprotect artists.

To ght this menace, countriessuch as Malawi and South Africahave moved a step ahead in ghtingpiracy through the introductionof the security devices for soundand audiovisual recordings- whichinclude banderole and hologram.

International research shows that the mosteffective method of combating piracy is abanderole system.

The methodology of the banderolesystem is to mark legitimate productwith a label or sticker that isimpossible to forge. This assists theconsumers and the criminal justice

system to identify legitimate productand provides necessary proof of counterfeits. The banderole is not

just an identifying tool but also a

statistical tool since it is numbered.This move has been welcomed by theZimbabwe Music Rights Association,an association established to protectthe rights of the composers andpublishers of music and act on issuesconcerning copyright. Accordingly,banderole has been adopted andbusiness establishments that usemusic, either by radio, television,computer, satellite dish, mp3

players, and so on are expectedto be in possession of a copyrightmusic license from the Zimbabwe

Music Rights Association which isrenewable once a year. Section 35

D of the Copyright and Neighboring Rights Act stipulates that no personshall be accredited to purchase thehologram unless he or she proves tothe satisfaction of the Copyright Ofcethat he or she has been authorized bythe owner of the copyright work to

produce it. It therefore means theowner of musical works should enter

into a written agreement authorizingwhoever wants to reproduce theworks permission to do so.

Introducing the hologram andencryption system in the countrycould be the beginning of protectingmusic from being reproduced ordownloaded easily from the internet.Kenya will be introducing thehologram this year following thereview of their copyright law. Othercountries such as Zambia, Ghana,Nigeria and Malawi are alreadyusing the hologram to authenticatetheir music, videos and lms.Source: www.newsnet.co

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The Holography TimesCorporate NewsFrench hologram industries acquiresadvestigo

French holographic security solutions provider

Hologram Industries acquired local digital assetmanagement solutions provider Advestigo, on 13 March2009. Advestigo is a French producer of softwarespecialized in the ght against counterfeiting.

According to Hologram Industries, the deal is estimated atEUR4.5 million (USD5.8m). The acquisition is part of thediversication strategy of Hologram Industries. The dealwill allow Advestigo, which had several difcult yearsdue to high expenditure on research, to improve its salesusing the international network of Hologram Industries.Source: www.reuters.com

Reconnaissance sits crossconferences to its security portfolio

Reconnaissance International - a specialist publisher,

conference organizer and consultant for authentication,brand and document protection, holography and currencyindustries, has purchased the annual Pan-EuropeanHigh Security Printing Conference and the Asian HighSecurity Printing Conference from the Cross Group andBSC International. Established in 2001, these conferenceshave become recognized as leading events withinthe government and related high-security documentsarena. These are well-attended by a wide spectrum of organizations involved in currency, document & productprotection including central banks, banknote printingworks, security printers, government departments andmajor industry suppliers. The conferences cover issuesrelating to banknote production and cash handling,passports, tax stamps, e-passports, e-ID card productionand other areas involved in high security printing.

Ian Lancaster, managing director of ReconnaissanceInternational, said the acquisitions will be an excellentt with the companys existing portfolio. Recognisingthe success of the Cross Conferences we plan to retainthis name, so they will continue to be known as CrossConferences, he said. The Cross Conferences are a

joint operation between the Cross Group and BSCInternational. The next four conferences will betransitional, organised jointly by Cross Group, BSCInternational and Reconnaissance International.

Source: www.reconnaissance-intl.com

Holostik creatinghallmarks of success

Holostik India, one of Indias premier holographycompanies, has achieved a turnover of Rs.71.60

crores, in the nancial year 2008-09, observing a growthrate of 23% over the vast base of the company, in spite of the recessionary environment seen the world over. Thishas been the result of an aggressive expansion strategyapplied in security Hologram and Holography Products.Continuous and rigorous R&D has been instrumentalin the introduction of many new products like windowlabel, high security label and many new features in masterorigination. Another factor that has been responsiblefor its success story is the fact that the management of Holostik has focused on HR as an initiative to ensurecomplete employee satisfaction and security, leading tocompany growth.

Some of the achievements of Holostik in the last nancialyear (2008-09) are: Turnover Rs.71.60 crores (22.64% growth over

2007-2008) New Orders 819 (25.42% growth over 2007-2008)

In the last nancial year (2008-2009) company hasproduced 17.55 million square meter of hologramand holography products.

The company and its employees have devoted a lot of personal time and energy in ensuring that Holostik hasbrought a sharper focus to the requirements of customers inevery sense. A true recognition of that has been by way of business awards. The CMD Mr. U K Gupta was awardedthe prestigious Brian Monaghan Award 2008 for Business

Innovation by IHMA. Holostik was awarded severalHOMAI Excellency Awards for Holographic Packaging,Security / Authentic R&D, New Application, New orInnovative Technique Origination and Highest Growth.

This year Holostik India Limited is focusing on manystrategies and factors like productivity, cost reduction,maximum output, new product development for growthof export business etc. to ensure a drastic growth story.Other than this the group also has plans of diversifying

into many sectors other than holography.

Source: www.holostik.com

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The Holography Times Company Prole

Holoflex growthwith innovation

H oloex Limited is one of the leading manufacturers of Holograms and allied products in India. An ISO 9001:2000& ISO 14001:2004 Certied Company - Holoex Limited is recognized worldwide as one of the most innovative and development-oriented product and document securitysolutions provider.

Holoex has state-of-the-art manufacturing facility inKolkata houses some of the most sophisticated machineryavailable in the country required for secure and highquality security applications.

As one of the pioneers of this technology in India,Holoex Ltd. entered a nascent market, which needed extensive education on the concept of holograms.Today Holoex Ltd. provides a variety of customized holographic solutions to various government departments

in India as well as numerous corporate houses in India and across 22 countries all over the world through its offi ces inKolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Guwahati and variousagents across the globe.

Member of the International Hologram ManufacturersAssociation (IHMA), London, an exclusive body under theaegis of the Anti-counterfeit Bureau, International Chamber of Commerce, London, Holoex is also the Founder-Member of Hologram Manufacturers Association India (HoMAI), New Delhi

the parent body of Indian Hologram manufacturers.

Holoex has been acclaimed nationally & globally for its obsessionto quality and focus on product innovation through various awards and commendations from IHMA & HoMAI. Holoex was awarded as the winner in the Best Hologram Label Category of IHMA Awards consecutively in 2003& 2004.

Back home Holoex achieved similar feats at HoMAI Awards. Additionally, Holoexhave bestowed the honor of being the fastest growing company in the eld of holographyconsecutively in 2007 & 2008 by HoMAI.

www.holoex.com

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The Holography TimesCover Story

History Of Counterfeit Money And Its Effects

Banking in India started as an activity among the European traders,chiey the East India Company in the early 18th century. The rst bankto employ the concept of paper money was a bank set up in Calcutta byGovernor Warren Hastings in c. 1770 AD. However, the idea of issuingpaper currency by the Government was promulgated by Sir James Wilson,the Finance Member in the Executive Council of the Viceroy, in 1859.Accordingly, an act was passed in 1861, empowering the Government of India to issue currency notes.

However, world over, with the invention of a banknote, arose another problem- that of counterfeiting . The crime of

counterfeiting currency is as old as money itself. Modern counterfeiting began in 1650 A.D, when paper money was rstdeveloped. Initially nations used it as a means of warfare, to overow the enemys economy with fake bank notes, sothat the real value of the money decreases. However, in the late twentieth century, with the invention of advancedmachinery such as color copiers & other electronic devices, counterfeiting became easier and further ourished.

Certain ill-effects that counterfeit money has on society are the reduction in the value of real money. Today, economistsquestion whether fake currency, with its role in the economy of black markets, is a factor behind Indias record ination,due to more money getting circulated- an unauthorized articial increase in the money supply. It further decreases theacceptability and hurts condence of consumers leading to mass panic. Such is the fear of being handed counterfeitsthat some people have stopped accepting Rs 500 notes. In these days, counterfeiting has also been used to promote andsponsor terrorism. In India, counterfeit currency has long been a source of funding for terrorism. Investigations into atleast four cases Hyderabad bombings of August 2007; the attack on the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, inDecember 2005; the Ahmedabad bombings of July 2008; and the 26/11 terror attack on Mumbai revealed a link.

Indian Banknote- Process And Circulation

The Reserve Bank decides the volume and value of banknotes to be printed each year, depending on the requirementfor meeting the demand for banknotes due to ination, GDP growth, replacement of soiled banknotes and reserve stockrequirements. RBI designs and prints its own banknotes at its works in Nasik. The basic raw material for making cur-rency notes is cotton-based paper and special ink. While some quantity of paper used for currency is manufactured at theHoshangabad Paper Mills, the rest is met through imports from four rms, Arjo Wiggins of France, Portal of the U.K.Gane of Sweden and Paper Fabric Luisantel. The Reserve Bank presently manages the currency operations through its18 Issue ofces. The Issue Ofces of RBI send fresh banknote remittances to the designated branches of commercialbanks. Once in circulation, banknotes pass many times between the public and businesses before nding their way backto RBI - either because they have become soiled or damaged in the course of transfers. The total supply of banknotesduring 2007-08 (July-June) was 8,488 million pieces (7,348 million pieces during 2006-07).

Despite the increasing use of electronic payments, currency retains an important role in the payment system of every country.today, the crime of counterfeiting currency continues to present a potential danger to national economies and financial losses ters at large. Recent seizures of large quantities of counterfeit bank notes reported in the press, suggest that, there has been a dincrease in the scale of currency counterfeiting in India. Thus, to sustain public confidence in a circulating currency, banknotes mfeatures that the public can use to readily judge their authenticity and determine the notes denominations.

In this article we study counterfeit money & its threat to society, explore the characteristic of an ideal currency & then examineconsiderations that affect currency design. We also compare and contrast design features in bank notes issued by monetary autvarious countries, to deter counterfeiting, including India.

Counterfeit deterrence:Currency design in India & abroad

First Indian Paper Currency

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The Holography Times Cover StoryTrends In Indian Currency Counterfeiting

Dangerously, counterfeiters have managed to nd their way into the ofcial banking system. Even though appropriatemeasures have been taken to prevent counterfeiting, in the larger reckoning, the problem remains.

Face value of counterfeit currencies seized from different parts of India, in the rst 10 months of 2008 was Rs. 5.6 Cr,

three times more than in 2007 In 2008, the CBI registered 13 cases having international/ inter-State ramications relating to the recovery/ seizure of

fake Indian currency notes.

According to a recent Government estimate, counterfeit currency amounting to Rs 169,000 crore is oating around inthe Indian nancial system. From real estate transactions to ordinary grocery shopping, these bogus notes are beingdeployed everyday sometimes innocently, sometimes with a sinister objective.

A few months ago, fake currency amounting to nearly Rs 3 crore was found in the chest of the State Bank of IndiasDomariaganj branch in Uttar Pradesh. Some fake notes were also found in the currency chest of ICICI bank in Agra.The examples can go on.

Counterfeit Notes DetectedDenomination Number of pieces Value (Rupees)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Rs 10 80 110 107 800 1,100 1,070

Rs 20 340 305 343 6,800 6,100 6,860

Rs 50 5,991 6,800 8,119 299,550 340,000 405,950

Rs 100 104,590 68,741 110,273 10,459,000 6,874,100 110,237,300

Rs 500 12,014 25,636 66,838 6,007,000 12,818,000 33,419,000Rs 1000 902 3,151 10,131 902,000 3,151,000 10,131,000Total 123,917 104,743 195,811 17,675,150 23,190,300 154,201,180

Note: Data are exclusive of the counterfeit notes seized by police and other enforcement agencies.

Measures Taken by RBI

Various steps have been taken by the central bank to abolish counterfeit currency apart from legal action. The signicantincrease in detection is attributable to installation of a)Note Sorting Machines (NSMs) by all banks at their currencychest branches, to facilitate examination and detection of counterfeit notes at the currency chest level itself, b) the settingup of the Forged Note Vigiliance Cells (FNVCs) at banks & c) Computerization of currency management to ensure

stringent anti-counterfeiting management. Security features of currency notes are also upgraded from time to time. A broad level Strategic Planning & TechnologyImplementation Committee has been set up to conduct research and development in security settings. The RBI is also

contemplating enhancing securityfeatures in Indian rupee note since thiswould be the most effective measureto control the threat. Recently,Government of India is keen toconsider security products whichhave been developed and testedin at least three major bank notesin the world, in efforts to makecounterfeiting difcult. The Indiangovernment has invited global tender

Different series of banknotes issued by RBI

The Reserve Bank introduced the star series numbered banknotes in the denomination of Rs.10, Rs. 20 and Rs. 50 in April 2006. The star series of numbering is different from normalnumbering, used for replacing the defective notes (single/packet) with star series notes. Aftersuccessful introduction of star series in the denominations of Rs. 10, Rs. 20 and Rs. 50, theReserve Bank will now be introducing non-sequential numbering for Rs. 500 and Rs. 1,000

denominations notes. With this system in place, a fresh banknote packet will have 100 piecesthat may not be serially numbered banknotes from 1 to 100, since, it is essential to meet thedemand for fresh banknotes by bringing greater efficiency at the presses.

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Security features in Indian banknote Watermark - White side panel of notes has Mahatma Gandhi

watermark. Security thread - All notes have a silver security band with

inscriptions visible when held against light which reads Bharatin Hindi and RBI in English.

Latent image - Higher denominational notes (Rupees 20 onwards)display the notes denominational value in numerals when held horizontally at eye level. Micro lettering - Numeral denominational value is visible under magnifying glass between security thread and

latent image. Fluorescence - Number panels glow under ultra-violet light. Optically variable ink - Notes of Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 have their numerals printed in optically variable ink. Number

appears green when note is held at but changes to blue when viewed at angle. Back-to-back registration - Floral design printed on front and back of note coincides and perfectly overlap each

other when viewed against light. EURion constellation Intaglio Printing: The portrait of Mahatma Gandhi, the Reserve Bank seal, guarantee and promise clause, Ashoka

Pillar Emblem on the left, RBI Governors signature are printed in intaglio i.e. in raised prints, which can be felt bytouch, in Rs.20, Rs.50, Rs.100, Rs.500 and Rs.1000 notes.

Characteristics Of An Ideal Currency Extremely difcult to duplicate Easily recognized by the general public Durable (remains visible after considerable wear) Can be machine-readable Easy to produce at low cost Acceptable to the public (aesthetically pleasing) Non-toxic and non-hazardous

What Are Other Countries Doing

Innovation has intensied the race between increasingly sophisticated counterfeiters and banknote designers. Theimproving performance and decreasing cost of information technology have reduced barriers to entry in counterfeiting.Thus, to control this menace, bank note designers worldwide have introduced a number of features to deter counterfeiting.Most banknotes incorporate several security features, including holograms, micro printing, serial numbers, andwatermarks. Most notes also include one or more visual accessibility feature, including different sizes and principalcolors for different denominations, oversize high-contrast numerals, and tactile features such as embossed numerals orrecessed/raised dots.

The goal of secure or intelligent printing is to nd features which are prohibitively expensive to counterfeit. Thefoundation of banknote security is paper. High quality paper is required for reasons of durability. Also, at least20 countries, in the world, are using plastic notes, which are supposed to be more durable, being made of non-

The Holography TimesCover Storyfor participation in the process of short listing of Security features for bank notes It also proposes to withdraw allcurrency notes printed between 1996 and 2000 and gradually introducing a new series of currency notes.

The nance ministry has set up a committee of representatives from the Department of Economic Affairs, Directorateof Enforcement, National Security Council, home ministryand the Intelligence Bureau for curbing counterfeiting of currency. RBI organizes training programmes, to detectfake currency, to bank ofcials, Govt. Department, police,paramilitary forces, etc.

The Delhi Police Crime Branch is monitoring the fake curren

network and has stepped up intelligence significantly,according to K.K. Paul, joint commissioner of police (crime)

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The Holography Times Cover StoryFeatures to assist authentication for selected countries are summarized below.

Background printing offset Y

Braille codes Y

Clear window Y

Color changing number / Color shifting inks Y Y

Concealed images / denominations Y

Engraved Portrait Y

Fine line patterns Y Y

Fluorescent ink properties Y

Fluorescent machine -readable barcode Y

Fluorescent / UV light tests Y Y Y

Holographic Stripe / Hologram patch / Holographic Window thread / Hologram / Kinegram / Foil-strip Hologram / Hologram & Foil Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Iridescent images Y

Intaglio Printing / Raised Printing Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Invisible feature : non-reective under UV light Y

Latent Image Y Y

Lithographic Print Y

Low vision feature Y

Machine readable feature YMicrolettering Y Y Y

Micropriniting Y Y Y Y Y Y

Motion feature Y

Optically variable ink Y Y Y

Pearl Ink / Shimmering mother -of-pearl-ink Y Y

Perforations Y Y

Security thread Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

See through window Y

See through registration device / See through number /

See through number / See through feature / Asymmetrical serial numbers Y Y Y Y Y

Serial Number Y

Shadow image Y

Tactile marks Y

Transparent register Y

Ultra ne-line printing Y

UV and Metallic digits Y

UV light tests Y Y

Watermark / Watermark portrait Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Window color shifting thread Y

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Currency Features - Features to assist authentication and

denominations (Anti-counterfeiting measures)

* Features lled with color are amongst most common measures used by various countries.

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The Holography TimesCover Storyporous polymer with a special protective coating that prevents absorption of moisture. Such notes are said to be morecounterfeit-proof. Australia has started issuing plastic banknotes which contain clear plastic windows (performing afunction similar to watermarks in paper). Other features that are added during manufacture are, e.g. watermarksand ultraviolet (UV) uorescent bres; the security thread. The next layer of security is in the printed design. Inks which are difcult to obtain are commonly used, which can only be printed using high quality printers. The texture of the printed surface is also controlled: the raised writing e.g. on Bank of England notes (Intaglio) , which also requiresspecial printing presses. Another graphical security feature is registration, where images printed on the front and backof notes coincide exactly when held up to the light.

More exotic (and expensive) security features are also available and introduced by various countries. OpticallyVariable Ink (OVI), is used, which changes colour depending on the angle of view. Foil patterns of variouscomplexities can be stamped onto a note. More advanced and difcult to counterfeit non-printed features include,advanced optical devices, such as holograms , and the Kinegram . These holograms are essentially a three dimensionaldrawing or photograph. Security holograms are mass produced, but the replication process requires specialized, let aloneexpensive, equipment to pull off. This is an advanced security feature utilized by many currencies such as the BritishPound, the Euro, Canadian Dollars, Japanese Yen, the South Korean Won etc. Also, there is much research into newkinds of machine-readable features- that may prove very difcult to counterfeit. For example, biological tagging

using minute quantities of genetic material (DNA or RNA), and phase masks which are high security laser-readabledevices.

In this analysis, we focus on currency design features that enhance counterfeit deterrence. All currencies issued worldwidecontain some of these design features but, interestingly, different countries have made different choices.

Recommendations Though the RBI and banks underplay the magnitude of the counterfeit problem in India, the last one year has seen adramatic increase in seizures of fake currency in every single state-not surprisingly; the Border States witness moreof these cases. What seems to be the main cause of concern is the changing pattern of counterfeiting, the global scaleof operations and the fact that India has a vast parallel cash economy. Also, increased sophistication of fake currencyhighlights the fact that security measures employed by RBI need to be up scaled.

If India has to combat the crisis, it has to rst tackle the area of bank note printing . Considering the nemesis thatcounterfeiting has on the economy, the governments of various nations have taken a number of steps to combat it.However, the monetary organizations the world-over, conclude that only continuous design innovation can sustain a lowfrequency of counterfeit notes in circulation which holds true also for Indian bank note designers.

All banknotes contain security features to deter counterfeiting. Some usual features include paper or polymer substrateand intaglio printing, which assist the public in authenticating notes by touch; and are most often detected by the publicand bank tellers because they dont feel right. There has been some talk of Indian moving to polymer notes likeAustralia. Other note features, include micro printing, magnetic inks, color-varying uorescent threads, infraredcomponents, and holograms which are valuable authentication across wide range of devices, from handhelddevices and ATM machines to high-speed currency sorters, as they appear as black/grey or brown patches on thesurface of the counterfeits. Even though RBI uses most of these security features (as shown in table), it further needs tointroduce certain advanced, difcult to counterfeit and easily recognizable features such as advanced optical devices likeholograms and kinegrams. This is because the public generally does not inspect more than one distinguishing/visiblesecurity feature and remembering one single ergonomic verier in a banknote seems reasonable. To reduce counterfeits,Indian manufacturers have been consistently trying to convince the government to start using holograms on currencynotes, something that currently more than 100 countries are doing.

Also, changes in currency design prove to be an important tool to deter counterfeiting. European newspaper articlessuggest that counterfeiting rates for the euro are signicantly lower than for the individual country bank notes that itreplaced. News reports from Canada also illustrate the necessity for updating currency designs. In 2004-05, Bank of Canadaintroduced new security features like holographic strip, watermark portraits, color shifting threads, a see through number

and enhanced uorescence to upgrade his currency . The new added feature sharply reduced the counterfeiting rate to 2.2notes from 4.7 per 10,000 during rst eight months. Thus, combinations of features that score high on anti-counterfeitingshould be incorporated into test banknotes. These could then be subjected to adversarial analysis to determine their deterrent effectiveness and used to gauge public acceptability through mechanisms such as focus groups.

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Also we can look at reducing the quantumof currency in circulation by encouragingbanking and other transactions throughinstruments like online payments anduse of plastic . Banks further need to adopt sophisticated detection technologies and follow procedure when it comes toreporting fake currency. The Governmenton its part should encourage fair andfearless reporting of the fake currency. Otherwise, in the normal course, theperson making the report becomes theprimary suspect. It also needs to distributeall compromised features of fake notesand make it available to all agenciesassociated with the investigation. The fourmain nodal agencies i.e. The CBI, theDirectorate of Revenue Intelligence, TheCentral Economic Intelligence bureau,and the Enforcement Directorate need tolook at various aspects of the problem andcoordinate on a regular basis. Continuousadvances in printing technology needsto take place, which will require banknotedesigners to work aggressively and keepchanging and innovating, to remain aheadof sophisticated counterfeiters.

Conclusion

Currency is widely used in the paymentsystems of all countries. In each system,there are a large number of participantshouseholds, retail merchants, nancialinstitutions, high-volume currencyprocessors, and the central bank orcurrency-issuing authority. We maybelieve that the above means make takeIndia to a country of zero counterfeitcurrency and accelerate the growth of oureconomy, however, the way, we in India,can tackle this problem is to exercisevigilance, on the part of every citizen,If men were angels, no governmentwould be necessary. This battle againstcounterfeiting, is not only for the strongalone; but for the vigilant, and the active.

Sources: www.bankofengland.co.uk,www.bankofcanada.cawww.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterfeit www.cbc.ca, www.banknotes.com

The Holography Times Technology

Holographic solarA scientific & novel approach insolar energy generation Worldwide solar-energy output has grown dramatically in recentyears. The total output from solar installations worldwide, however,remains around 7 GW, only a fraction of the worlds energy requirement.High material and manufacturing costs, low solar-module efciency, andworldwide shortage of rened silicon all have limited the scale of solar-power development required to effectively compete against coal andliquid fossil fuels.

Solar photovoltaic cells have been developed but using them haslimitations. The main limitation of solar power right now is cost, becausethe crystalline silicon used to make most solar photovoltaic (PV) cells isvery expensive. Thus a number of alternate approaches are being exploredto improve the cost per kilowatt of solar power.

Use Of Optics In Solar Energy Generation

Attention has been given to optics technologies in solar energy generation.A novel approach to concentrating PV solar is being proposed by PrismSolar Technologies. Instead of using mirrors or lenses to concentrate thesunlight holograms are used. Holographic planar concentrator (HPC) isan approach that uses fewer solar cells and more efciently harvests thesunlight, so that systems can be produced at lower cost than competingsolar technologies.

The system needs 25 to 85 % less silicon thana crystalline silicon panel of comparablewattage, because the photovoltaic materialneed not cover the entire surface of asolar panel. Instead, the PV material isarranged in several rows. The holographic

concentrator utilizes a two-stage optical concentrator and silicon PVcells. A concentrator is built up from several layers of lm composedof gelatin on polyethylene terephthalate. The hologram spectrally selectssunlight and collects and concentrates it. A layer of holograms -laser-created patterns that diffract light -reects selected frequencies of lightto the mirror-like inside surface of the upper transparent glass where itcontinues to be reected until it reaches a solar cell.

Like other concentrating PV systems one of the advantages of this systemis that it uses less silicon than conventional PV modules. There are twodesigns of a Holographic planar concentrator - a monofacial design and abi-facial design. A mono-facial module design (that is, one that collectssolar energy from the front only) uses 50% less silicon than a conventionalpanel whereas a bifacial HPC conguration uses 72% less silicon thana fully populated module. This can also be viewed as a 300% increase

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The Holography TimesTechnology

in watts/gm of silicon, an important consideration in light of worldwideshortage of rened silicon.

A second important benet of the holographic concentrator is the passivetracking characteristic which requires no moving parts. This means thatit collects indirect & diffuse light throughout the day and through clearand cloudy condition. Different holograms in a concentrator module canbe designed to focus light from different angles -- so there is no needof moving parts to track the sun. This gives greater output in the earlymorning and late afternoon.

The third advantage is that it requires no external cooling. The performanceof PV cells in conventional modules tends to drop signicantly astemperature increases, since infrared radiation would be converted to heatrather than output energy. In an HPC-based module, the radiation passesthrough the lm and is not absorbed. The concentrators ability to passunusable wavelengths means that the solar cells remain close to their idealoperating temperature without mechanical cooling.

The efciency of Holographic planar concentrator remains high forlower-light conditions and performs better as temperature increases,because of the ability to pass infrared wavelengths and also because heatcan be dumped into a larger volume of material than in a fully populatedmodule.

One last advantage of the holographic module is that, because of itsinherent passive tracking characteristics, it can be mounted in a varietyof locations and orientations, including commercial white roofs, at andinclined roofs, windows, vertical walls, etc. Passive tracking increases theirradiance to the solar cells even when they are mounted in a less than

optimal orientation. With these features, it is believed that holographictechnologies might be next promising frontier for increasing energyefciency from solar photovoltaic modules.

Events &

Calendar 6TH PISEC

June 22-24, 2009,Athens, Greecewww.cross-conferences.com

Pharmaceutical Anti-Counterfeiting Workshop

May 5-7, 2009, New Delhiwww.lexisnexis.com

23rd International Security Printers ConferenceMay 13-15, 2009, Stockholm, Sweden

www.intergraf.eu

Global Pharmaceutical Fraud &Anti Counterfeiting Conference2nd 3rd July 2009, Singaporewww.globalpharmafraud.com

Pack Plus 2009July 8-11, 2009

www.print-packaging.com

Asia Print & Pack Expo 2009August 28-31, 2009

www.asisprintpackexpo.com

Holo-pack Holo-print 2009November 11-13, 2009 -Budapest, Hungary

www.holopackholoprint.info

Editorial BoardC S Jeena Neha Gupta

The Holography Times is published byHOLOGRAM MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION OF INDIA

(HoMAI)

21-Ground Floor, Devika Tower 6, Nehru Place,New Delhi110019, INDIA

Telefax: +91-11-4161 7369,Email: [email protected]

Disclaimer: The data used here are from various published and electronically available primaryand secondary sources. Despite due diligence thesource data may contain occasional errors. In suchinstances, HoMAI would not be responsible for such errors.

GlassHologramGlass

SUNLIGHT

SimplifiedCross-Section

Schematic

Cell Spacing

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Documents

The Holography Times, Vol 3, Issue 6