The history of the United States as covered in schools and
universities typically begins with either 1492 and Columbus, or
with the prehistory of the Native people. Officially the United
States of America began as an independent nation with the
Declaration of Independence in July 1776. By the 1770s the Thirteen
Colonies contained two and half million people. They were
prosperous, and had
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developed their own political and legal systems. The British
government's threat/danger to American self-
government/self-control led/conduct to war in 1775 and the
Declaration of Independence in 1776. With major military and
financial support from France, the patriots won the American
Revolution. In 1789 the Constitution became the basis for the
United States federal government, with war hero George Washington
as the first president.
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The North america gave opportunity to people of the various
conditions, including people that didnt turn to their countries.
So, consider the USA like their residence.
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TERRITORIAL EXTENTION
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USA is formed by 48 states and Washington, DC, the federal
district of the capital. The geography of the United States is
extremely diverse, in part because of the large size of the
country, which is the fourth largest in the world. With 9.37
million square kilometers in area and about 309 million
inhabitants. The United States comprise a large part of North
America, limited to the north by Canada, east by
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the Atlantic Ocean, south to the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico
itself, and west to the Pacific Ocean. Florida climate has a
subtropical, while Alaska has a climate polar. Vast portions of the
country have a continental climate, with warm temperate summers and
cold winters. Some parts of the United States, particularly parts
of California have a Mediterranean climate.
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Predominantly English - 80% of the population aged five years
or more, spoke only English at home; The Spanish spoken at home for
12% of the population, is the second most common language and
second foreign language taught- Spanish-speaking minority- in
States near Mexico, and in cities like: New York, Los Angeles, San
Francisco, Miami or Dallas.
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Religion in the United States ReligionPercentage Protestantism
51,3% Roman Catholicism23,9% No religion16,1% Other Christians3,3%
Judaism1,7% Other3,7%
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Origin of name The name comes from thaler dollar (in Portuguese
thaler ), short for Joachimsthaler, a silver coin minted for the
first time in 1518, with silver extracted from mines located around
the town of Joachimsthal ("Valley of San Joaquin "), current/atual
Jchymov in Bohemia. There are coins: 1 (pennies), 5 (nickel), 10
(dime) e 25 (quarter) centavos; 50
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(half dollar) and one (dollar). There are banknotes like these:
1, 5 10, 20, 50 and 100 dollars. All banknotes are the same colors
and the same size/ proportion. *Buy dollars to travel to USA or in
the airport; *Accept credit cards (Visa, Mastercard, American
Express,...), and travellers cheque.
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United States Postal Service Slogan We deliver for you.
TypeGovernamental Governmental Fundao Foundation 1775 Headquarters
/Sede475 L'Enfant Plaza, Southwest, Washington, DC. Founder
(s)Benjamin Franklin Employees785,929 (2007) IndustryTransport and
Logistics ProductsLogistics Services: buy postage stamp in mail,...
Billing Some cities $74.973 billion Open 24 hours
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Public telephones function/operate with coins. Local connection
is 25 cents. The telephones accept coins of the 5, 10 e 25
cents.
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The stores vary in their hours. The shops are mostly business
start between 8:00 am and 10:00 am in the morning and stays open
until 5:00 pm to 6:00 pm. Relying on local laws, shops may be open
Sunday for part of the day. It is common in shopping malls open
late several times a week or every weekday. The supermarkets
usually stay open until 9:00 pm and convenience stores and
restaurants often never closes. Note: banks close at 3:00 pm; most
offices closed at 5:00 pm or 6:00 pm.
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The culture of the United States is a Western culture
originally influenced by European cultures. It has been developing
since long before the United States became a country with its own
unique social and cultural characteristics such as dialect, music,
arts, social habits, cuisine, and folklore. For exemple, the music,
films and programs are famous in the world- gained a near global
audience.
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The culture is ethnically and racially diverse country as a
result of large-scale immigration from many different countries
throughout its history. Also includes elements which evolved from
Native Americans, and other ethnic subcultures; most prominently
the culture of African Americans and different cultures from Latin
America. Many cultural elements, especially popular culture, have
been exported across the globe through modern mass media. It depend
on social class, political orientation and a multitude of
demographic characteristics such as religious background/exercise,
occupation and ethnic group membership.
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Education in the United States is mainly provided by the public
sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: federal,
state, and local. Child education is compulsory/obligatory.
Compulsory education requirements can generally be satisfied by
educating children in public schools, state-certified private
schools, or an approved home school program called
Homeschooling(2.9% of all children). The spread of compulsory
attendance in the Massachusetts tradition throughout America,
especially for Native Americans, has been credited to General
Richard Henry Pratt. Pratt used techniques developed on Native
Americans in a prisoner of war camp in Fort Marion. In most public
and private schools, education is divided into three levels:
elementary school, middle school (sometimes called junior high
school), and high school (sometimes referred to as secondary
education).
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Declaration of Independence- American system of education grew
to be an essential element in our faith that this nation was
uniquely the land of opportunity.
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Elementary school Preschool4 Kindergarten5 1st Grade6 2nd
Grade7 3rd Grade8 4th Grade9 5th Grade10 Middle school 6th Grade11
7th Grade12 8th Grade13 High schoolHigh school ( secondary
education) 9th Grade9th Grade (Freshman)14 10th Grade10th Grade
(Sophomore)15 11th Grade11th Grade (Junior)16 12th Grade12th Grade
(Senior)17 Post-secondary education Tertiary educationTertiary
education (College or University)College University Ages vary, but
often 1822 (Freshman, Sophomore, Junior and Senior years)
Vocational educationAges vary Graduate educationAges vary Adult
educationAges vary
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Elementary school teacher average 18 students; Secondary school
teacher- average 12 students; The average teacher salary was
$62,800 ( 10.000,00 month); The average salary of a first-year
teacher was $29,564 ( R$ 5.000,00 month) EUA - Big center of
superior education, with 1500 universities.
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The economy of the United States is the world's largest
national economy. Its nominal GDP(gross domestic product was
estimated to be over $15 trillion in 2011. The economy of China is
$6 trillion(second place). The labor market in the United States
has attracted immigrants from all over the world. Chief crops:
wheat, other grains, corn, fruits, vegetables, cotton, beef, pork,
poultry, dairy products, forest products, fish. Industry:
petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications,
chemicals, electronics, food processing, consumer goods, mining,
etc.
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Agriculture is a major industry in the United States and the
country is a net exporter of food. Exports: US$994.7 billion
Agricultural products, industrial supplies, equipment, vehicle,
etc. Imports: US$1.445 trillion Agricultural products, industrial
supplies computers, telecommunications equipment, motor vehicle
parts, office machines, electric power machinery, automobiles,
clothing, medicines, furniture, toys.
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John kennedy ( 1917-1963) -Young president; -Assassinated.
Richard nixon (1913-1994) -Renunciation/Republican; -scandal
Watergates. building)
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Barack Hussein Obama was born in August 4, 1961- is the 44th
and current President of the United States. He is the first African
American to hold the office. Assumed office in January 20, 2009. He
won the Nobel Peace Prize 2009 for his extraordinary international
diplomacy and cooperation between peoples.
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Where do they work? DOCTOR HOSPITAL TEACHER RESTAURANT
COOKHOTEL FACTORY SEAMAN PLANE SECRETARY SHIP RECEPTIONIST
UNIVERSITY POSTMAN SHOP POLICEMAN POLICE STATION SHOP ASSISTANT
POST OFFICE WORKER HOTEL PILOT LORRY DRIVER OFFICE PRESIDENT WHITE
HOUSE
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The Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a sculpture carved into
the granite face of Mount Rushmore near Keystone, South Dakota.
(left to right) Sculptures of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson,
Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln represent the first 130
years of the history of the United States.
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The Statue of Liberty It was a gift of friendship from the
people of France to the people of the United States and is a
universal symbol of freedom and democracy. It was dedicated on
October 28, 1886, designated as a National Monument in 1924 and
restored for her centennial on July 4, 1986.
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The White House The residence of the President of the United
States of America, and has been for over 200 years. It is located
at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, D.C., the capital city
of the USA.
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Washington Monument The Washington Monument is an obelisk-
shaped building in Washington, D.C. that was built to honor the
first President, George Washington. This 555- foot-tall, building
in the District of Columbia.
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Bald Eagle The bald eagle is a magnificent bird of prey that is
native to North America. This majestic eagle is not really bald;
white feathers cover its head. The derivation of the name "bald" is
from an obsolete English word meaning white. The bald eagle has
been the national symbol of the USA since 1782.
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Although along the years Arizona began to be populated by other
people, 250 years ago this state was only populated by Indians.
Nowadays, 9,81% of the North American territory are already only
busy for these. With relationship to the culture, this people have
traditions many different from the one of the Europeans. *The
Indians still continue to be organized and the chosen marriages for
the parents; *The babies until they do more or less 1 year they are
wrapped up in palm tree leaf with if it roots a blanket;
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*The jewels that use are made with some precious stones of blue
color that say to have effects healers and that maintain the bad
moved away spirits; *The most important animal for the Indians is
the eagle. This, for besides to be the symbol of the peace and to
get to fly higher than any other animal is also a great hunter;
*The Indians have special dances for every occasion( eat, call for
the rain, marriages when they pass of children for adolescents
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*They believe that when the person dies you/he/she embodies in
an animal because the spirit never dies; *They don't take drugstore
medicines, because they create these, with medicinal plants.
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The flag or The Stars and Stripes. Signification: The 50 stars
on the flag represent the 50 states; The 13 stripes(red and white)
represent the thirteen British colonies; Red: value and resistance;
White:purity; Blue: justice and persistence; modification:26
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Match the colours with their names. blue brown black pink
yellow red green orange grey
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American football (*) ice hockey Soccer Baseball(*) Created in
USA(*)
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Curling Ultimate(Frisbee) Water polo Handball
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Lacrosse Rugby Cricket Basketball(*)
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Look at the picture, then write the word next to the correct
number.
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horseback riding playing music riding bicycles playing tennis
playing baseball golf watching TV playing basketball sleeping
roller skating riding motorcycle s playing football ice skating
camping walking drawing playing hockey bowling relaxing using a
computer
January NEW YEAR New Year in United States is celebrated on
January 1, the first day of Gregorian Calendar. This is a Federal
holiday in US. On this day, many people make resolutions to give
away bad deeds and renew life with good ones.
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*People cover their faces with masks.There is also a tradition
to open champagne bottles as the clock strikes midnight on the New
Year's Eve. Kiss each other. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day Martin
Luther King, Jr. Day is a United States federal holiday marking the
birthday of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr-January 15.
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February Presidents Day Washington's Birthday is a United
States federal holiday celebrated on the third Monday of February
in honor of George Washington(writing of the Constitution in 1787),
the first President of the United States. It is commonly but
erroneously known as Presidents Day. More considered Presidents:
George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. George Washington
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Biography Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was born February 12,
1809, the second child of Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Lincoln in
Hodgenville, Kentucky. They were respected in the community. The
couple had two other children: Abrahams
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older sister Sarah and younger brother Thomas, who died in
infancy. When young Abraham was nine years old his mother died at
age 34 and the event was devastating on him. Sarah encouraged
Abraham to read. He undoubtedly read the family Bible and probably
other popular books at that time such as Robinson Crusoe, Pilgrims
Progress and Aesops Fables. Your family and neighbors
considered
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him lazy. Lincoln didnt like to kill animals. Therefore,
avoided to hunt and fish. Your studies were summarized, in that
time, to know to read, to write and to do the four operations. In
the state there were shortage of books and paper, and the Bible was
probably the only existent book in your parents' house. Lincoln
studied her, coming later to enrich your speeches and works written
with biblical citations.
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The family was Baptists church, which had high moral standards
and opposed alcohol, dancing, and slavery. He was lawyer. He died
in April 15, 1865.
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Valentine's Day Saint Valentine's Day, often simply Valentine's
Day, is observed on February 14 each year. The lovers expressed
their love for each other by presenting flowers, offering
confectionery/sweets, and sending greeting cards.
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March Patrick's Day Saint Patrick's Day or the Feast of Saint
Patrick is a cultural and religious holiday celebrated on 17 March.
The most commonly recognized of the patron saints of Ireland, and
the arrival of Christianity in Ireland. Characterized by the
attendance of church services, wearing of green attire, public
parades, restrictions on eating, and drinking alcohol. People
defile with horses in the streets.
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According to legend, St. Patrick used the 3-leaved shamrock to
explain the Holy Trinity to the Irish people.
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April Easter Day Easter is a Christian festival and holiday
celebrating the resurrection of Jesus Christ on the third day after
his crucifixion at Calvary as described in the New Testament.
Easter customs vary across the Christian world, but attending
decorating Easter eggs, a symbol of the empty tomb.
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May Day of the Dead Day of the Dead is a Mexican holiday
celebrated throughout Mexico and around the world in other
cultures. The holiday focuses on gatherings of family and friends
to pray for and remember friends and family members who have died.
It includes building private altars using sugar skulls,
marigolds(cravo-de- defunto), and the favorite foods and beverages
of the departed and visiting graves with these as gifts.
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June Day of St. Anthony of Padua Anthony of Padua or Anthony of
Lisbon, O.F.M., (born Fernando Martins de Bulhes; 15 August 1195 13
June 1231) was a Portuguese Catholic priest and friar of the
Franciscan Order. Though he died in Padua, Italy, he was born in
Lisbon, Portugal. Noted expert knowledge of Scripture, he was
declared a saint almost immediately after his death and proclaimed
a Doctor of the Church in 16 January 1946.
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July Independence Day Independence Day is regarded as the
birthday of the United States as a free and independent nation. The
holiday recalls the signing of the Declaration of Independence on
July 4, 1776.
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August Music festivals In August they can enjoy varied
different music festivals, from the classic until the jazz.
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September Labor Day Labor Day is a United States federal
holiday observed on the first Monday in September that celebrates
the economic and social contributions of workers. Forms of
celebration include picnics, barbecues, fireworks/produce coloured
flames, water sports, and public art events.
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October Halloween Halloween is a yearly holiday observed around
the world on October 31, the night before All Saints' Day, in
honouring the deads. Practice Children go from house to house,
asking for treats such as candy or sometimes money, with the
question, "Trick or treat?"
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November Thanksgiving Day Thanksgiving Day is a holiday
celebrated primarily in the United States and Canada. Thanksgiving
is celebrated each year on the second Monday of October in Canada
and on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States. the
"First Thanksgiving" was celebrated by the Pilgrims to give thanks
to God for guiding/direction them safely to the New World.
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The feast consisted of fish, ducks, geese, turkey, fruit,
vegetables (peas, pumpkin, beetroot, onion) and grains.
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December Christmas Day Christmas or Christmas Day is an annual
commemoration of the birth of Jesus Christ, celebrated generally on
December 25 as a religious and cultural holiday by billions of
people around the world.
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Popular modern customs of the holiday include gift giving,
Christmas music, an exchange of Christmas cards, church
celebrations, a special meal, and the display of various Christmas
decorations, including Christmas trees, Christmas lights, nativity
scenes, a wreath of flowers, mistletoe/plant and etc.
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Their national cuisine is just the agglomeration several
cultures. I hate to admit it but Americans eat a lot of fatty
foods. Food in the United States is as diverse as the geography and
the people that live here. Each region has its particular style of
cooking or special dish and an enormous variety of foods and
traditions.
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Pancakes, french toast, waffles(There are many variations based
on the type and shape of the iron and the recipe used), fruit.
Coffee is more consumed than tea for children. Often eaten in the
early morning before undertaking the day's work.
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BRUNCH: is a meal eaten between 10:30 am and 2 pm, as a
substitute for both of these meals. Served in family, with friends,
in house, restaurant, in the free days or sundays. Foods such as
eggs, sausages, bacon, ham, fruits, pastries(pie), pancakes, roasts
of meat, seafood salads, soups, vegetable dishes, coffee,
juices.
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Complete salad, served with breads, soup, sandwich, roasted
meat garnished/adorned with potatoes and fresh vegetables. Lunch is
usually served around noon.
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Meat, fish, potato, salad tempered with these sauces: Green
Goddess, Thousand Islands, French Dressing. After 5:00 p.m but
before 10:30.
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Dessert: ice-cream, pie, wine, milk, coffee, Whisky. Comes at
the end of a meal.
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Buffalos are similar to cows, but have less fat in their meat.
And comes come from Europe but buffalos are native to America. Try
buffalo burgers and buffalo steaks wherever you can they are
delicious!
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Barbecuing is an American hobby, usually done in the backyard
or in parks. Charcoal barbecues are the best. We make hamburgers,
hotdogs, chicken, kebabs, corn, vegetables and more on the grill
and its so good!
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There are many kinds of pizza. Usually pizza is made with
mozzarella cheese but white pizza is different. It used ricotta
cheese, a whiter, thicker cheese. You can often find spinach on
these pizzas too. They are really delicious!
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Chinese food in the US is different than Chinese food in Korea
or China but it still tastes great. There are so many delicious
dishes, but my favorite is beef and broccoli. You can try them all
at the thousands of Chinese buffets across the country. Almost
every city has one!
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Greek food is amazing, and the most amazing Greek food is the
gyro. It is a sandwich made with pita bread, lamb, tomatoes,
onions, and cucumber yogurt sauce. Try it with a big Greek salad
and youll be very satisfied.
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A pretzel is a bready snack. You can get little hard ones (sold
next to chips in the snack aisle) or big soft ones. The big soft
ones are the best. Go to any mall and look for the pretzel store
Aunt Annies.
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These are peanuts that are boiled/cooked for at least 8 hours
in different spices like soy sauce or chili sauce. They are
delicious and soft you can even eat the shell. But, you can only
buy them in the South (Florida, Georgia, etc.) and usually only on
the side of the road.
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There is a world of soft drinks beyond cider and cola. There is
Coke, Pepsi, Sprite, Mountain Dew, Dr. Pepper, Club Soda, Ginger
Ale, and Root Beer. Root Beer is one of my favorites. A root beer
float is made with root beer and ice cream.!
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Apple pie, peach pie, cherry pie they are all delicious, but
the best is blueberry pie.
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Cupcakes is a small cake designed to serve one person. Is comun
in children party. Is very practical.
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Muffins is a small cakes or cupcakes. Although they usually are
not as sweet as cupcakes and generally lack frosting. They may be
filled with sweet fillings, such as chocolate, lemons or
blueberries.
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Bagel with cream cheese and lox (cured salmon) are considered a
traditional part of American Jewish cuisine.
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Donut (doughnut) is popular in many countries and prepared in
various forms as a sweet.
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A hot dog is a sausage served in a sliced bun(sweet bread). It
is very often garnished with mustard, ketchup, onions and
mayonnaise.
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Pancakes or crepes are made from flour, milk, and eggs. They
are thin pancakes and are usually served with a large amount of
sweet or savory filling, ranging from fruit or ice cream, to
seafood (in Brazil, most usually ground meat).
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French friesCheeseburger
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A Caesar salad is a salad of romaine lettuce and croutons
dressed with parmesan cheese, lemon juice, olive oil, egg,
Worcestershire sauce, garlic, and black pepper.
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Maryland Chicken is a dish associated with the U.S. state of
Maryland. The food dish consists of fried chicken served with a
cream gravy(meat sauce).
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Strawberry shortcake is a sweet biscuit and a popular food in
the United States around 1850, as a celebration of the coming of
summer.
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Observe the image and circle the correct name. orange chips
bananas eggs apples chicken ham cheese chicken fish pie eggs
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chips oranges cheese ham pie oranges cheese eggs cheese chicken
apple eggs chips apple fish chicken
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pt.wikipedia.org http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ THE NEW YORK
TIMES 2005 ALMANAC. New York, n. 01, apr. 26. 2005. Theme of
almanac: The Almanac of record about USA, edited by John W. Wright.
www.google.com.br