KOH-I-NOOR HARDTMUTH

www.koh-i-noor.eu

KKOOHH -- II -- NNOOOORR HHAARRDDTTMMUUTTHH aa..ss..F. A. Gerstnera 21/3, 371 30 České Budějovice, Czech Republic

Tel.: 00420 389 000 200, Fax: 00420 389 000 501 - 3E-mail: sales@koh-i-noor.cz

The history of drawing by graphite pencils

KOH-I-NOOR and TOISON D’OR

The history of drawing dates back twenty thousand years ago to whenPalaeolithic man began to draw on the walls of their caves. With thehelp of flints, charcoal and the first primitive colours, they realisticallycaptured bulls, bison and horses. Drawing was an important part ofAncient Egyptian art, which was closely knit with religion, primarily serving as the preliminary sketch prior to the actual painting itself.Greece and Rome brought originality and elegance in drawing lines inthe sixth and fourth century BC., which we still admire and reap inspiration from today.The Middle and Far East regions are a chapter of their own, where drawing developed in a completely different manner, mainly influencedby Islam and its propagation. A significant landmark is the discoveryof manufacturing paper in China in 105 AD. This invention alsoexpanded to the West and many artists dyed the paper themselves

and used it as an ideal background for drawing and other art techniques.During the middle ages, drawing rather stagnated, basically not

much information is available on it. The themes of latter day workswere almost exclusively focussed on religion, primarily influenced byCarolinian and Byzantium art, which were the subjects of the Romanesque style. The ensuing Gothic period at the end of the 12th

century ended the dark ages and art of the middle ages reached itspeak. The Renaissance period brought tremendous prosperity to artand the 15th century in Italy can be considered as the most productiveand most magnificent period in the history of art ever. Exceptional drawers,painters and sculptors created their works here with the significantsupport of the nobility. The ability to draw became a necessity and a sign of mastery among the finest. Artists used materials that wereavailable at the time: charcoal, chalk and pencil with lead or silver tips.We are fascinated by the perfection of Leonardo’s drawings still today,full of lightness and energy, or Michealangelo’s obsession and perfectknowledge of the human body, which enabled him to create extensivestudies of human bodies. Raffael learnt the sfumatti technique fromLeonardo da Vinci, and created an incredible amount of technicallyperfect and very effective drawings and portraits. At the beginning of the 16th century, a new concept called cinqecento was created in Venice, which was perfected by Titian, Tinotoretto and Veronese. Thetechnique mainly uses black chalk, charcoal or Italian rock, chalk andruddle. Artists in Europe watched the dramatic development of art inItaly and soon began to study here and be inspired by the new stylesof art.At the beginning of the 17th century, during the Baroque period,Amsterdam, Seville and Antwerp became important art centres, representing artists such as Rubens, Rembrandt, Velázquez, El Grecoand many others. In 1640, the first graphite pencils were made. A significant increase in the popularity of drawing on paper occurredduring the 18th century, at the time when drawing with charcoal, redand white chalk on coloured paper was very popular in France. At the beginning of the 19th century, romantic and realistic drawingsappear. At the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century,drawing became more demanding in thought, it achieved greaterdepth and greater dramatics, as is visible in the works of Toulouse-Lautrec, Schiele or Picasso.The technique of pencil, charcoal and ruddle drawing is very populareven now and accessible to both renowned artists and those, whoare just discovering the beauty of it.Drawing tools and materials have hardly changed over the past 200years. However, recently the scale of offered hardness and forms of charcoal, ruddle, chalk and background materials and tools has expandedand is even supplied in special interest packages.9999001489GB

KOH-I-NOOR HARDTMUTH

Printed representation of colours may not be exact.

CChhaarraacctteerriissttiiccss::Graphite base products are a very traditional product of KOH-I-NOOR HARDTMUTH a.s., with history dating back to 1790.The combination of basic raw materials – low-sintering soft clays and pure, modified ground graphite powder and its complex homogenisationcreates a mixture for the production of 20 gradations of graphite leads, with the scope of 8B to 10H. Soft gradations are marked with theletter B taken from the word “Black” and hard gradations are marked with the letter H, which comes from the word “Hard”. There are twogradations between these two groups marked HB (HardBlack) and F (Fine).The method of production is the same for all lengths, diameters and shapes of graphite leads. Under moist conditions, the pre-preparedmixture for the required gradation is formed into leads by stretching, which are then dried. The dried leads are burnt at a temperature ofalmost 1000°C and then impregnated with a mixture of fat, oil and paraffin. Special modifications to some types of lead have the possibilityof achieving the aquarelle effect by washing the drawing with water.The final stage of the operation is cutting, sanding, pointing, painting and in some cases leads are marked according to the specific type of product.The produced leads are either used independently or inserted into the appropriate type of versatile holder. The most common form is insertingthe leads into wood in the form of pencils with varying types of profiles and shapes.The mutual denominator and characteristic of these products is the high quality application of the lead on the selected type of paper, withits typical metal sparkle, caused by the basic raw material - graphite. The mineralogical essence of graphite, i.e its lamellar shape, brings an easy way of creating a soft, flowing application, which is most notable with soft gradations B to 8B.

GGrraapphhiittee bbaassee pprroodduuccttss KKOOHH--II--NNOOOORR HHAARRDDTTMMUUTTHH::

GGrraapphhiittee ppeenncciillss1500 KKOOHH--II--NNOOOORR 12 pcs of 1 gradation in a cardboard box1502 AARRTT,, GGRRAAPPHHIICC,, TTEECCHHNNIICC 12 pcs gradation sets in a tin box1504 KKOOHH--II--NNOOOORR 24 pcs gradation set in a tin box1512 N KKOOHH--II--NNOOOORR 12 pcs gradation set in a tin box 1900 TTOOIISSOONN DD’’OORR 12 pcs of 1 gradation in a cardboard box1902 TTOOIISSOONN DD’’OORR 12 pcs gradation set in a tin box1912 TTOOIISSOONN DD’’OORR 12 pcs gradation set in a tin box1860 KKOOHH--II--NNOOOORR 12 pcs of 1 gradation in a cardboard box8800 GGIIOOCCOONNDDAA AAQQUUAARREELLLLEE 12 pcs of 1 gradation in a cardboard box or 1 pc in a blister card

WWooooddlleessss ggrraapphhiittee ppeenncciillss8911 PPRROOGGRREESSSSOO 12 pcs of 1 gradation in a plastic drawer with a sleeve 8912 PPRROOGGRREESSSSOO AAQQUUAARREELLLL 12 pcs of 1 gradation in a plastic drawer with a sleeve8915 PPRROOGGRREESSSSOO 6 pcs gradation set in a plastic drawer with a sleeve8971 12 pcs of 1 gradation in a cardboard box

RRoouunndd ggrraapphhiittee lleeaaddss4865 6 pcs of 1 gradation in a plastic drawer with a sleeve

SSqquuaarree ggrraapphhiittee bblloocckkss4390 18 pcs of 1 gradation in a cardboard box4390006001BL 6 pcs gradation set in a blister card

GGrraapphhiittee ppoowwddeerr9756 in 80 ml plastic bottle

TThhee ffoolllloowwiinngg aacccceessssoorriieess ffoorr ggrraapphhiittee pprroodduuccttss KKOOHH--II--NNOOOORR HHAARRDDTTMMUUTTHH aarree aavvaaiillaabbllee:: 9925 WWaatteerrccoolloouurr ppaadd from hand-made paper, sheet size A39926 WWaatteerrccoolloouurr ppaadd from hand-made paper, sheet size A49927 WWaatteerrccoolloouurr ppaadd from hand-made paper, sheet size A59920005001SF PPoopp DDrraaww ddrraawwiinngg ppaadd, white, sheet size A4, 180 g/ m2

9920004001SF PPoopp DDrraaww ddrraawwiinngg ppaadd, white, sheet size A3, 180 g/ m2

142 600 FFiixxaattiivvee in jar , 100 ml 142 598 FFiixxaattiivv spray, 300 ml 0221 VVaappoorriizzeerr9477, 9478 PPaappeerr sspprreeaaddeerrss6421, 6423, 0300 EErraasseerrss

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