The HetNet Bible: 2014 - · PDF fileThe HetNet Bible: 2014 ... 4.10.3 Alvarion Acquires Wavion – Q4’2011

The HetNet Bible: 2014 – 2020 – Small Cells, Carrier WiFi, DAS & C-RAN Opportunities, Challenges, Strategies & Forecasts

© 2014 SNS Research

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Table of Contents

List of Figures ......................................................................................................... 32

1 Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................... 37

1.1 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... 37

1.2 Topics Covered ........................................................................................................................................... 39

1.3 Key Questions Answered ........................................................................................................................... 42

1.4 Key Findings ............................................................................................................................................... 43

1.5 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. 44

1.6 Target Audience ......................................................................................................................................... 45

1.7 Companies Mentioned ............................................................................................................................... 46

2 Chapter 2: An Overview of Small Cells, Carrier WiFi, DAS & C-RAN ................... 54

2.1 An Evolving Heterogeneous Networking Ecosystem ................................................................................. 54

2.1.1 The Growing Demand for Mobile Broadband ................................................................................... 54

2.1.2 Is LTE the Answer to all Capacity Problems? ..................................................................................... 54

2.1.3 HetNets: An Evolution of Network Topology .................................................................................... 56

2.2 Small Cells .................................................................................................................................................. 57

2.2.1 What Are Small Cells? ........................................................................................................................ 57

2.2.2 Why Deploy Small Cells? ................................................................................................................... 57

2.2.3 Small Cell Categories ......................................................................................................................... 59

2.2.3.1 Femtocells - Home (e)NodeBs ....................................................................................................................... 60

2.2.3.2 Picocells ........................................................................................................................................................ 60

2.2.3.3 Microcells ...................................................................................................................................................... 60

2.2.3.4 Metrocell: An Emerging Deployment Model ................................................................................................ 61

2.2.3.5 Will Metrocell Deployments Encompass Carrier Deployed Femtocells? ...................................................... 61

2.3 Carrier WiFi ................................................................................................................................................ 62

2.3.1 Carrier WiFi Integration Approaches ................................................................................................. 63

2.3.2 Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ ................................................................................................................ 63

2.3.3 Managed Offload ............................................................................................................................... 63

2.3.3.1 SIM-based Authentication and Mobile Data Offload .................................................................................... 63

2.3.3.2 Fully Integrated WiFi Access ......................................................................................................................... 63



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2.4 C-RAN (Cloud Radio Access Network) ........................................................................................................ 64

2.4.1 What is C-RAN? ................................................................................................................................. 64

2.4.2 Architectural Benefits and Challenges .............................................................................................. 64

2.5 DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems) ........................................................................................................... 66

2.5.1 What is DAS? ..................................................................................................................................... 66

2.5.2 Passive DAS ........................................................................................................................................ 66

2.5.3 Hybrid DAS ......................................................................................................................................... 67

2.5.4 Active DAS ......................................................................................................................................... 67

2.6 Alternative Options for Offloading Mobile Network Coverage and Capacity ............................................ 67

2.6.1 Macrocell Network and Spectrum Expansion ................................................................................... 67

2.6.2 Caching & Mobile CDNs ..................................................................................................................... 68

2.7 The Business Case: What is Driving the HetNet Market? .......................................................................... 69

2.7.1 Mobile Data Traffic: The Tsunami of 335 Exabytes ........................................................................... 69

2.7.2 Endorsement from the Carrier Community ...................................................................................... 70

2.7.3 In-Building Coverage and Capacity .................................................................................................... 71

2.7.4 Enterprise Demand: BYOD is Fuelling Growth................................................................................... 71

2.7.5 Capacity Offload in Congested Localities .......................................................................................... 71

2.7.6 CapEx Savings .................................................................................................................................... 71

2.7.7 Non-Expandability of Macrocell Network ......................................................................................... 72

2.8 Challenges & Inhibitors to the HetNet Ecosystem ..................................................................................... 73

2.8.1 Security Concerns .............................................................................................................................. 73

2.8.2 Competing HetNet Solutions: DAS vs. Indoor Small Cells ................................................................. 73

2.8.3 Interference with Macrocell Infrastructure & Spectrum Constraints ............................................... 74

2.8.4 Backhaul Requirements and Complexity ........................................................................................... 74

2.8.5 C-RAN Fronthaul Challenges .............................................................................................................. 74

2.8.6 Commercial Immaturity .................................................................................................................... 74

2.8.7 Economic Constraints ........................................................................................................................ 75

2.8.8 Device Side, Client and OS Issues ...................................................................................................... 75

2.8.9 Deployment Challenges ..................................................................................................................... 75

2.8.10 Integrating Segregated WiFi Infrastructure into Mobile Networks ................................................... 75

2.8.11 Impact of Macrocell LTE Rollouts: Negative or Positive? .................................................................. 76



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3 Chapter 3: Integration & Offloading Technology .............................................. 77

3.1 Integrating Small Cells into the Mobile Network ....................................................................................... 77

3.1.1 Integration into 3G Networks ............................................................................................................ 77

3.1.1.1 Iuh based Integration: Residential/Enterprise Femtocells ............................................................................ 77

3.1.1.2 Iub: Picocells, Microcells and Now Even Femtocells ..................................................................................... 79

3.1.2 S1: Integration into LTE Networks ..................................................................................................... 80

3.1.2.1 eNB Small Cell Architecture .......................................................................................................................... 80

3.1.2.2 HeNB Small Cell Architecture ........................................................................................................................ 81

3.2 Integrating C-RAN into the Mobile Network .............................................................................................. 81

3.2.1 CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) ............................................................................................. 81

3.2.2 OBSAI (Open Base Station Architecture Initiative) ............................................................................ 81

3.2.3 ORI (Open Radio Interface) ............................................................................................................... 82

3.3 WiFi: The Evolution from an Ethernet Extension to Wireless Carrier Integration ..................................... 83

3.4 Enabling Technologies for WiFi and Cellular RAN Interoperability ............................................................ 83

3.4.1 ANDSF (Access Network Discovery and Selection Function) ............................................................. 83

3.4.1.1 Enabling Seamless Mobility........................................................................................................................... 84

3.4.1.2 Commercial Availability of ANDSF Solutions ................................................................................................. 84

3.4.2 Hotspot 2.0 ........................................................................................................................................ 84

3.4.2.1 Discovery - 802.11u....................................................................................................................................... 84

3.4.2.2 Encryption - 802.11i (WPA2) ......................................................................................................................... 85

3.4.2.3 Authentication – 802.1x (EAP) ...................................................................................................................... 85

3.4.2.4 OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) DM (Device Management) ............................................................................. 85

3.4.2.5 Passpoint WiFi Certification .......................................................................................................................... 86

3.4.3 NGH (NextGen Hotspot) Program ..................................................................................................... 86

3.4.3.1 Working alongside Hotspot 2.0 ..................................................................................................................... 87

3.4.3.2 Enabling Seamless Mobile Network Connectivity ......................................................................................... 87

3.4.4 I-WLAN (Interworking Wireless LAN) ................................................................................................ 87

3.4.5 WISPr (Wireless Internet Service Provider Roaming) ........................................................................ 87

3.4.6 MSAP (Mobility Services Advertisement Protocol) ........................................................................... 88

3.4.7 WiFi Direct ......................................................................................................................................... 88

3.5 Small Cell and Mobile Core Offloading Technologies ................................................................................ 89

3.5.1 LIPA (Local IP Access) ......................................................................................................................... 89



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3.5.1.1 Is LIPA Specifically for Small Cells? ................................................................................................................ 89

3.5.1.2 Use Case Example: Local Network Multimedia Access ................................................................................. 89

3.5.2 SIPTO (Selected IP Traffic Offload) .................................................................................................... 90

3.5.2.1 Use Case Example: Core Network Offload .................................................................................................... 90

3.5.2.2 The Downside: Is SIPTO Suitable for All Traffic Profiles? .............................................................................. 90

3.5.3 IFOM (IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload) ................................................................................. 91

3.5.3.1 Enabling Seamless Integration between WiFi and 3GPP RANs ..................................................................... 91

3.6 WiFi and Cellular RAN Integration: Commercial Implementations to Address the HetNet Challenge ...... 92

3.6.1 WiFi Integration into Macrocell and Small Cell Base Station Nodes ................................................. 92

3.6.2 Policy Driven Control for Small Cell & WiFi ....................................................................................... 92

3.6.2.1 Vendor Demonstrations: Dynamic Switching between WiFi and LTE ........................................................... 92

3.6.3 Commercial Case Study: NGH SIM-based WiFi Access ...................................................................... 93

4 Chapter 4: Industry Roadmap and Value Chain ................................................ 94

4.1 HetNet Industry Roadmap: 2010 - 2020 .................................................................................................... 94

4.1.1 2010 – 2012: Initial Rollouts: In-building Voice Converge & Nomadic Data Access .......................... 94

4.1.2 2013 – 2015: The 4G Expansion Era – A Shift from In-building Voice to Data Optimization ............ 95

4.1.3 2016 – 2020: The HetNet Era - Continued Proliferation of HetNets ................................................. 95

4.2 HetNet Value Chain .................................................................................................................................... 97

4.3 Embedded Technology Ecosystem ............................................................................................................. 97

4.3.1 Chipset Developers ............................................................................................................................ 97

4.3.2 Embedded Component/Software Providers ..................................................................................... 97

4.4 HetNet RAN Ecosystem .............................................................................................................................. 99

4.4.1 ‘Pure-Play’ and Specialist Small Cell OEMs ........................................................................................ 99

4.4.2 WiFi Access Point OEMs .................................................................................................................... 99

4.4.3 Macrocell RAN OEMs......................................................................................................................... 99

4.4.4 DAS & Repeater Solution Providers ................................................................................................... 99

4.4.5 C-RAN Solution Providers ................................................................................................................ 100

4.4.6 Other Technology & Network Component Providers/Enablers ...................................................... 100

4.5 Mobile Backhaul Ecosystem ..................................................................................................................... 101

4.5.1 Backhaul & Fronthaul Solution Providers ........................................................................................ 101

4.6 Mobile Core Ecosystem ............................................................................................................................ 101



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4.6.1 Core Network Solution Providers .................................................................................................... 101

4.7 Connectivity Ecosystem ........................................................................................................................... 102

4.7.1 2G, 3G & 4G Wireless Carriers ......................................................................................................... 102

4.7.2 WiFi Connectivity Providers ............................................................................................................ 102

4.7.3 SCaaS Providers ............................................................................................................................... 102

4.8 SON Ecosystem ........................................................................................................................................ 103

4.8.1 SON Solution Providers ................................................................................................................... 103

4.9 SDN & NFV Ecosystem.............................................................................................................................. 103

4.9.1 SDN & NFV Providers ....................................................................................................................... 103

4.10 Vendor Landscape: Consolidation & Acquisitions Lead the Way ............................................................. 104

4.10.1 Broadcom Acquires Percello – Q4’2010 .......................................................................................... 104

4.10.2 Radisys Acquires Continuous Computing – Q4’2010 ...................................................................... 104

4.10.3 Alvarion Acquires Wavion – Q4’2011 .............................................................................................. 104

4.10.4 Mindspeed Technologies Acquires picoChip – Q1’2012 ................................................................. 105

4.10.5 Ericsson Acquires BelAir Networks – Q2’2012 ................................................................................ 105

4.10.6 Crown Castle Acquires NextG Networks – Q2’2012 ........................................................................ 105

4.10.7 Qualcomm Acquires DesignArt Networks – Q3’2012 ...................................................................... 105

4.10.8 Oracle Acquires Acme Packet – Q1’2013 ........................................................................................ 106

4.10.9 Oracle Acquires Tekelec – Q1’2013 ................................................................................................. 106

4.10.10 Cisco Acquires Ubiquisys – Q2’2013 ........................................................................................... 106

4.10.11 Cobham Acquires Axell Wireless– Q2’2013 ................................................................................ 107

4.10.12 Bird Technologies Acquires DeltaNode – Q3’2013 ..................................................................... 107

4.10.13 Intel Acquires Mindspeed’s Wireless Assets – Q4’2013 ............................................................. 107

4.10.14 Intel Acquires LSI’s Axxia Networking Business – Q3’2014 ......................................................... 107

5 Chapter 5: HetNet Deployment Models ......................................................... 108

5.1 Small Cell, DAS & C-RAN Deployment Models ......................................................................................... 108

5.1.1 Consumer (Indoor) Deployment Models ......................................................................................... 108

5.1.1.1 Home/Residential ....................................................................................................................................... 108

5.1.1.2 Enterprise .................................................................................................................................................... 108

5.1.2 Carrier Deployment Models ............................................................................................................ 109

5.1.2.1 Indoor ......................................................................................................................................................... 109



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5.1.2.2 Metro .......................................................................................................................................................... 109

5.1.2.3 Rural ............................................................................................................................................................ 109

5.1.3 SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) ....................................................................................................... 111

5.2 Carrier WiFi Deployment Models ............................................................................................................. 112

5.2.1 Mobile Offload ................................................................................................................................ 112

5.2.2 SIM Based ........................................................................................................................................ 112

5.2.3 Enterprise ........................................................................................................................................ 112

5.2.4 Hotspot ............................................................................................................................................ 112

5.2.5 Wholesale ........................................................................................................................................ 112

5.2.6 Municipal WiFi ................................................................................................................................. 113

6 Chapter 6: Vertical Markets for HetNets ........................................................ 114

6.1 Residential ................................................................................................................................................ 114

6.2 Healthcare ................................................................................................................................................ 114

6.3 Higher Education ...................................................................................................................................... 114

6.4 Large Enterprises ...................................................................................................................................... 115

6.5 SMBs ......................................................................................................................................................... 115

6.6 Retail ........................................................................................................................................................ 115

6.7 Construction ............................................................................................................................................. 115

6.8 Public Sector ............................................................................................................................................. 116

6.9 Public Safety and Defense ........................................................................................................................ 116

7 Chapter 7: Small Cell Backhaul ....................................................................... 117

7.1 Small Cell Backhaul Technology ............................................................................................................... 117

7.1.1 Ethernet over Copper ...................................................................................................................... 117

7.1.2 Ethernet over Fiber ......................................................................................................................... 117

7.1.3 DSL ................................................................................................................................................... 117

7.1.4 NLOS (Non-Line of Site) Microwave ................................................................................................ 118

7.1.5 PTP (Point to Point) Microwave – 6-60 GHz .................................................................................... 118

7.1.6 PTMP (Point to Multipoint) Microwave – 6-60 GHz ........................................................................ 118

7.1.7 Millimeter Wave (E-band) – Licensed and Unlicensed .................................................................... 118

7.1.8 Satellite Based Backhaul .................................................................................................................. 118



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7.2 Requirements for Small Cell Backhaul ..................................................................................................... 119

7.2.1 Form Factor & Environmental Hardening ....................................................................................... 119

7.2.2 Power Supply & Consumption ......................................................................................................... 119

7.2.3 Installation & Provisioning............................................................................................................... 119

7.2.4 Integration of OAM and SON Capabilities ....................................................................................... 119

7.2.5 Deployment & Maintenance Cost ................................................................................................... 120

7.3 Key Issues ................................................................................................................................................. 121

7.3.1 Backhaul Sharing: Can Small Cells and Macrocells Share Resources? ............................................. 121

7.3.2 Coverage Challenges ....................................................................................................................... 121

7.3.3 Capacity/Peak Throughput Challenges ............................................................................................ 121

7.3.4 Will Millimeter Wave be the Preferred Outdoor Small Cell Backhaul Solution? ............................. 122

7.3.5 Is there a market for Satellite based Small Cell Backhaul ............................................................... 122

7.3.6 Assessing the Impact of the SCaaS Ecosystem ................................................................................ 122

8 Chapter 8: Standardization & Regulatory Initiatives ....................................... 123

8.1 Small Cell Forum ...................................................................................................................................... 123

8.1.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 123

8.1.2 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................................. 123

8.1.3 Working Groups .............................................................................................................................. 124

8.1.3.1 Marketing and Promotions Group .............................................................................................................. 125

8.1.3.2 Radio & Physical Layer Group ..................................................................................................................... 125

8.1.3.3 Network Group ........................................................................................................................................... 125

8.1.3.4 Regulatory Group ........................................................................................................................................ 126

8.1.3.5 Services Group ............................................................................................................................................ 126

8.1.3.6 Interoperability Group ................................................................................................................................ 126

8.1.3.7 Special Interest Focus Groups: Backhaul, Deployment, LTE, Rural & 3GPP2 Standards ............................. 126

8.2 WBA (Wireless Broadband Alliance) ........................................................................................................ 127

8.2.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 127

8.2.2 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................................. 127

8.2.3 Working Groups .............................................................................................................................. 128

8.2.3.1 Business Workgroup ................................................................................................................................... 128

8.2.3.2 Industry Engagement Workgroup ............................................................................................................... 128

8.2.3.3 Roaming Workgroup ................................................................................................................................... 128



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8.3 WiFi Alliance ............................................................................................................................................. 129

8.3.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 129

8.3.2 Certification Programs ..................................................................................................................... 129

8.3.2.1 Core Certification ........................................................................................................................................ 129

8.3.2.2 Miracast ...................................................................................................................................................... 130

8.3.2.3 TDLS (Tunneled Direct Link Setup ) ............................................................................................................. 130

8.3.2.4 Passpoint ..................................................................................................................................................... 130

8.3.2.5 WiFi Direct .................................................................................................................................................. 131

8.3.2.6 WiFi Protected Setup .................................................................................................................................. 131

8.3.2.7 WMM (WiFi Multimedia) ............................................................................................................................ 131

8.3.2.8 WMM-Power Save ...................................................................................................................................... 131

8.3.2.9 Voice-Personal: Voice over WiFi ................................................................................................................. 131

8.3.2.10 Voice-Enterprise: Voice over WiFi .......................................................................................................... 132

8.3.2.11 CWG-RF .................................................................................................................................................. 132

8.3.2.12 WMM-Admission Control ...................................................................................................................... 132

8.3.2.13 IBSS with WiFi Protected Setup .............................................................................................................. 132

8.4 HetNet Forum .......................................................................................................................................... 133

8.4.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 133

8.4.2 Scope of Work ................................................................................................................................. 133

8.4.3 Governance & Membership ............................................................................................................ 133

8.5 3GPP ......................................................................................................................................................... 135

8.5.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 135

8.5.2 Small Cell Standardization Activities ............................................................................................... 135

8.6 3GPP2 ....................................................................................................................................................... 137

8.6.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 137


8.7 Broadband Forum .................................................................................................................................... 138

8.7.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 138


8.8 WiMAX Forum .......................................................................................................................................... 139

8.8.1 Mission ............................................................................................................................................ 139




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8.9 Prominent Collaborations ........................................................................................................................ 141

8.9.1 WBA and WiFi Alliance .................................................................................................................... 141

8.9.2 Small Cell Forum and GSMA ............................................................................................................ 141

8.9.3 WBA, GSMA and Small Cell Forum .................................................................................................. 141

8.9.3.1 Integrating on a Network Level ................................................................................................................... 142

8.9.3.2 Setting the Stage for Advanced Traffic Management ................................................................................. 142

9 Chapter 9: HetNet Deployments .................................................................... 143

9.1 SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) Case Studies ........................................................................................... 143

9.1.1 BT ..................................................................................................................................................... 143

9.1.2 Cellcom ............................................................................................................................................ 143

9.1.3 Colt Telecom .................................................................................................................................... 144

9.1.4 Cloudberry Mobile ........................................................................................................................... 144

9.1.5 ClearSky ........................................................................................................................................... 144

9.1.6 Virgin Media .................................................................................................................................... 144

9.1.7 Ericsson & Phillips ............................................................................................................................ 145

9.1.8 Alcatel-Lucent & Towerstream ........................................................................................................ 145

9.2 Carrier WiFi .............................................................................................................................................. 145

9.2.1 AT&T Mobility .................................................................................................................................. 146

9.2.2 Comcast ........................................................................................................................................... 146

9.2.3 Cox Communications ....................................................................................................................... 146

9.2.4 MetroPCS ......................................................................................................................................... 147

9.2.5 Sprint ............................................................................................................................................... 147

9.2.6 T-Mobile USA ................................................................................................................................... 147

9.2.7 Verizon Wireless .............................................................................................................................. 147

9.2.8 Free Mobile ..................................................................................................................................... 148

9.2.9 BT ..................................................................................................................................................... 148

9.2.10 MegaFon .......................................................................................................................................... 148

9.2.11 Orange (France Telecom) ................................................................................................................ 149

9.2.12 Portugal Telecom............................................................................................................................. 149

9.2.13 Telefónica Moviles (Spain) .............................................................................................................. 149

9.2.14 T-Mobile Austria .............................................................................................................................. 149



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9.2.15 Zain Saudi Arabia ............................................................................................................................. 149

9.2.16 China Mobile ................................................................................................................................... 150

9.2.17 KDDI ................................................................................................................................................. 150

9.2.18 LG Uplus........................................................................................................................................... 150

9.2.19 NTT Broadband Platform ................................................................................................................. 150

9.2.20 TIM Brasil ......................................................................................................................................... 150

9.2.21 Other Carriers .................................................................................................................................. 151

9.3 Small Cell, DAS & C-RAN Deployments .................................................................................................... 151

9.3.1 AT&T Mobility .................................................................................................................................. 151

9.3.2 Beeline ............................................................................................................................................. 151

9.3.3 Bouygues Telecom........................................................................................................................... 152

9.3.4 China Mobile ................................................................................................................................... 152

9.3.5 China Unicom .................................................................................................................................. 152

9.3.6 Cosmote .......................................................................................................................................... 152

9.3.7 EE (Everything Everywhere) ............................................................................................................ 152

9.3.8 Free Mobile ..................................................................................................................................... 153

9.3.9 KDDI ................................................................................................................................................. 153

9.3.10 MegaFon .......................................................................................................................................... 153

9.3.11 Moldtelecom ................................................................................................................................... 153

9.3.12 Mosaic Telecom ............................................................................................................................... 153

9.3.13 MTC ................................................................................................................................................. 154

9.3.14 Movistar .......................................................................................................................................... 154

9.3.15 Network Norway ............................................................................................................................. 154

9.3.16 NTT DoCoMo ................................................................................................................................... 154

9.3.17 O2 (Telefonica UK) ........................................................................................................................... 154

9.3.18 Optimus Portugal ............................................................................................................................ 155

9.3.19 Optus ............................................................................................................................................... 155

9.3.20 Orange (Formerly France Telecom) ................................................................................................. 155

9.3.21 Orange Romania .............................................................................................................................. 155

9.3.22 SFR ................................................................................................................................................... 155

9.3.23 SingTel ............................................................................................................................................. 155



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9.3.24 SK Telecom ...................................................................................................................................... 155

9.3.25 SoftBank .......................................................................................................................................... 156

9.3.26 Sprint ............................................................................................................................................... 156

9.3.27 StarHub ............................................................................................................................................ 156

9.3.28 TOT Thailand .................................................................................................................................... 156

9.3.29 Three UK .......................................................................................................................................... 156

9.3.30 Verizon Wireless .............................................................................................................................. 157

9.3.31 Vodafone Australia .......................................................................................................................... 157

9.3.32 Vodafone Czech Republic ................................................................................................................ 157

9.3.33 Vodafone Germany ......................................................................................................................... 157

9.3.34 Vodafone Greece ............................................................................................................................. 157

9.3.35 Vodafone Hungary ........................................................................................................................... 157

9.3.36 Vodafone Ireland ............................................................................................................................. 158

9.3.37 Vodafone Italy ................................................................................................................................. 158

9.3.38 Vodafone Netherlands .................................................................................................................... 158

9.3.39 Vodafone New Zealand ................................................................................................................... 158

9.3.40 Vodafone Portugal ........................................................................................................................... 158

9.3.41 Vodafone Qatar ............................................................................................................................... 158

9.3.42 Vodafone Romania .......................................................................................................................... 158

9.3.43 Vodafone Spain ............................................................................................................................... 159

9.3.44 Vodafone UK .................................................................................................................................... 159

9.3.45 Zain Bahrain ..................................................................................................................................... 159

9.3.46 Other Commitments ........................................................................................................................ 159

9.4 Case Studies ............................................................................................................................................. 160

9.4.1 Sprint/Softbank Acquisition: Assessing the Impact on the Small Cells Ecosystem ......................... 160

9.4.2 The Impact of LTE & Small Cells on Tier 2/3 CDMA Carriers ........................................................... 161

9.4.3 What is the TCO Impact of HetNet Deployments? .......................................................................... 161

10 Chapter 10: Pure-Play Small Cell Vendors ...................................................... 162

10.1 Accelleran ................................................................................................................................................. 162

10.2 ADB ........................................................................................................................................................... 162

10.3 Airspan Networks ..................................................................................................................................... 163



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10.4 Alpha Networks ........................................................................................................................................ 164

10.5 Arcadyan Technology Corporation ........................................................................................................... 164

10.6 Artemis Networks .................................................................................................................................... 165

10.7 Anvaya Networks ..................................................................................................................................... 166

10.8 Argela ....................................................................................................................................................... 167

10.9 ARItel ........................................................................................................................................................ 167

10.10 Askey Computer Corporation .............................................................................................................. 168

10.11 Contela ................................................................................................................................................. 169

10.12 CS Corporation ..................................................................................................................................... 170

10.13 Dongwon T&I ....................................................................................................................................... 170

10.14 Femtel (Suzhou Femtel Communications) ........................................................................................... 171

10.15 Free ...................................................................................................................................................... 171

10.16 GWT (Global Wireless Technologies) ................................................................................................... 172

10.17 HSL (Hay Systems Limited) ................................................................................................................... 173

10.18 ip.access ............................................................................................................................................... 174

10.19 Juni Global ........................................................................................................................................... 175

10.20 Lemko .................................................................................................................................................. 176

10.21 Minieum Networks .............................................................................................................................. 176

10.22 Nutaq/ NuRAN Wireless ...................................................................................................................... 177

10.23 Oceus Networks ................................................................................................................................... 177

10.24 Pace...................................................................................................................................................... 178

10.25 PureWave Networks ............................................................................................................................ 179

10.26 Quanta Computer ................................................................................................................................ 180

10.27 Sagemcom ........................................................................................................................................... 180

10.28 SK Telesys ............................................................................................................................................. 181

10.29 SpiderCloud Wireless ........................................................................................................................... 182

10.30 Star Solutions ....................................................................................................................................... 183

10.31 Technicolor .......................................................................................................................................... 184

10.32 Tecom .................................................................................................................................................. 184

10.33 TEKTELIC Communications .................................................................................................................. 185

10.34 Telum ................................................................................................................................................... 185



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10.35 Qucell ................................................................................................................................................... 186

10.36 Ubee Interactive .................................................................................................................................. 186

10.37 WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation) ................................................................................................... 187

10.38 Z-com (ZDC Wireless) ........................................................................................................................... 188

11 Chapter 11: DAS, RRH & Repeater Solution Providers .................................... 189

11.1 AceAxis ..................................................................................................................................................... 189

11.2 ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies) ........................................................................................................... 189

11.3 Affarii Technologies .................................................................................................................................. 190

11.4 American Tower Corporation ................................................................................................................... 190

11.5 Arqiva ....................................................................................................................................................... 190

11.6 Axell Wireless/Cobham ............................................................................................................................ 191

11.7 Axis Teknologies ....................................................................................................................................... 192

11.8 Black Box Corporation .............................................................................................................................. 193

11.9 BTI Wireless .............................................................................................................................................. 193

11.10 CCI (Communication Components Inc.) ............................................................................................... 194

11.11 CCI (Crown Castle International).......................................................................................................... 194

11.12 CCI Systems .......................................................................................................................................... 195

11.13 CSI (Cellular Specialities, Inc.)/Westell Technologies .......................................................................... 196

11.14 Comba Telecom Systems Holdings ...................................................................................................... 196

11.15 CommScope ......................................................................................................................................... 197

11.16 Corning MobileAccess .......................................................................................................................... 198

11.17 Dali Wireless ........................................................................................................................................ 199

11.18 DeltaNode (Bird Technologies) ............................................................................................................ 200

11.19 Ethertronics ......................................................................................................................................... 201

11.20 ExteNet Systems .................................................................................................................................. 201

11.21 Foxcom ................................................................................................................................................. 202

11.22 Galtronics ............................................................................................................................................. 202

11.23 Goodman Networks ............................................................................................................................. 202

11.24 IDS Technology Solutions ..................................................................................................................... 203

11.25 JMA Wireless........................................................................................................................................ 204

11.26 KMW Communications ........................................................................................................................ 204



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11.27 Kathrein-Werke KG .............................................................................................................................. 205

11.28 MER-CellO Wireless Solutions ............................................................................................................. 206

11.29 Microlab (Wireless Telecom Group) .................................................................................................... 206

11.30 Nexius .................................................................................................................................................. 207

11.31 RF Window ........................................................................................................................................... 207

11.32 RFS (Radio Frequency Systems) ........................................................................................................... 208

11.33 Rosenberger ......................................................................................................................................... 209

11.34 SOLiD (SOLiD Technologies) ................................................................................................................. 209

11.35 Sumitomo Electric Industries ............................................................................................................... 210

11.36 TE Connectivity .................................................................................................................................... 210

11.37 TESSCO Technologies ........................................................................................................................... 211

11.38 Wi-Ex .................................................................................................................................................... 211

11.39 Wilson Electronics ................................................................................................................................ 212

11.40 Zinwave/McWane ................................................................................................................................ 212

12 Chapter 12: Carrier WiFi Focused Vendors ..................................................... 214

12.1 4ipnet ....................................................................................................................................................... 214

12.2 ADTRAN .................................................................................................................................................... 215

12.3 Aerohive ................................................................................................................................................... 215

12.4 Alvarion (Wavion) .................................................................................................................................... 216

12.5 Aruba Networks ....................................................................................................................................... 216

12.6 Browan Communications ......................................................................................................................... 217

12.7 CCI (Competitive Companies, Inc.)/WyTec International ........................................................................ 218

12.8 CeedTec .................................................................................................................................................... 218

12.9 D-Link Corporation ................................................................................................................................... 219

12.10 Edgewater Wireless Systems ............................................................................................................... 219

12.11 EION Wireless ...................................................................................................................................... 220

12.12 Extreme Networks ............................................................................................................................... 221

12.13 Firetide ................................................................................................................................................. 221

12.14 Fortinet ................................................................................................................................................ 221

12.15 Gemtek Technology ............................................................................................................................. 222

12.16 GoNet Systems ..................................................................................................................................... 222



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12.17 GrenTech (China GrenTech Corporation) ............................................................................................ 223

12.18 Handlink Technologies ......................................................................................................................... 224

12.19 Meru Networks .................................................................................................................................... 224

12.20 Motorola Solutions (Zebra Technologies) ............................................................................................ 224

12.21 NETGEAR .............................................................................................................................................. 225

12.22 Nomadix ............................................................................................................................................... 225

12.23 Option N.V. .......................................................................................................................................... 226

12.24 Proxim Wireless ................................................................................................................................... 227

12.25 RFNet Technologies ............................................................................................................................. 228

12.26 Ro-Timak Technology........................................................................................................................... 228

12.27 Ruckus Wireless ................................................................................................................................... 228

12.28 Senao Networks ................................................................................................................................... 229

12.29 SerComm ............................................................................................................................................. 229

12.30 Shyam Telecom .................................................................................................................................... 230

12.31 TP-LINK ................................................................................................................................................. 231

12.32 Tranzeo Wireless Technologies ........................................................................................................... 231

12.33 Tropos Networks (ABB) ........................................................................................................................ 231

12.34 Ubiquiti Networks ................................................................................................................................ 232

12.35 ZyXEL .................................................................................................................................................... 232

13 Chapter 13: C-RAN Focused Solution Providers .............................................. 234

13.1 6WIND ...................................................................................................................................................... 234

13.2 ADLINK Technology .................................................................................................................................. 235

13.3 Airvana ..................................................................................................................................................... 235

13.4 Altiostar Networks ................................................................................................................................... 236

13.5 ASOCS ....................................................................................................................................................... 237

13.6 Axxcelera .................................................................................................................................................. 238

13.7 Intel Corporation ...................................................................................................................................... 239

13.8 MTI Mobile ............................................................................................................................................... 241

14 Chapter 14: HetNet Focused SON Solution Providers ..................................... 242

14.1 AirHop Communications .......................................................................................................................... 242



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14.2 Amdocs ..................................................................................................................................................... 244

14.3 Astellia ...................................................................................................................................................... 246

14.4 Cellwize .................................................................................................................................................... 247

14.5 Celtro ........................................................................................................................................................ 248

14.6 Eden Rock Communications ..................................................................................................................... 249

14.7 InfoVista ................................................................................................................................................... 250

14.8 JDSU ......................................................................................................................................................... 251

14.9 Optulink .................................................................................................................................................... 252

14.10 P.I. Works ............................................................................................................................................. 253

14.11 RADCOM .............................................................................................................................................. 254

14.12 Reverb Networks ................................................................................................................................. 255

14.13 TEOCO .................................................................................................................................................. 256

14.14 Tulinx ................................................................................................................................................... 257

14.15 WebRadar ............................................................................................................................................ 258

14.16 Xceed Technologies ............................................................................................................................. 259

15 Chapter 15: Macrocell RAN & Mobile Core Infrastructure Vendors ................ 260

15.1 Alcatel-Lucent .......................................................................................................................................... 260

15.2 Cisco ......................................................................................................................................................... 262

15.3 Datang Mobile .......................................................................................................................................... 264

15.4 Ericsson .................................................................................................................................................... 265

15.5 Ericsson-LG ............................................................................................................................................... 267

15.6 Fujitsu ....................................................................................................................................................... 268

15.7 Huawei ..................................................................................................................................................... 269

15.8 Hitachi ...................................................................................................................................................... 271

15.9 HP ............................................................................................................................................................. 273

15.10 Juniper Networks ................................................................................................................................. 274

15.11 Mitsubishi ............................................................................................................................................ 275

15.12 NEC....................................................................................................................................................... 276

15.13 New Postcom Equipment .................................................................................................................... 278

15.14 Nokia Networks ................................................................................................................................... 279

15.15 NTT DoCoMo ........................................................................................................................................ 281



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15.16 Samsung ............................................................................................................................................... 282

15.17 ZTE ....................................................................................................................................................... 283

16 Chapter 16: Chipset, Component, Software and Technology Vendors ............ 284

16.1 Ablaze Wireless ........................................................................................................................................ 284

16.2 Accuris Networks ..................................................................................................................................... 285

16.3 ACS (Applied Communication Sciences)................................................................................................... 285

16.4 Adax ......................................................................................................................................................... 286

16.5 ADI (Analog Devices Inc.) ......................................................................................................................... 287

16.6 Affirmed Networks ................................................................................................................................... 288

16.7 AKM (Asahi Kasei Microdevices) .............................................................................................................. 288

16.8 Altera ........................................................................................................................................................ 289

16.9 Aptilo Networks ....................................................................................................................................... 289

16.10 Aricent ................................................................................................................................................. 290

16.11 AWTG (Advanced Wireless Technology Group)................................................................................... 291

16.12 Azcom Technology ............................................................................................................................... 292

16.13 BandwidthX .......................................................................................................................................... 292

16.14 Birdstep Technology ASA ..................................................................................................................... 293

16.15 Blu Wireless Technology ...................................................................................................................... 293

16.16 Broadcom ............................................................................................................................................. 294

16.17 BSG Wireless ........................................................................................................................................ 295

16.18 Casa Systems ........................................................................................................................................ 295

16.19 Cavium ................................................................................................................................................. 296

16.20 Coherent Logix ..................................................................................................................................... 297

16.21 Direct Beam ......................................................................................................................................... 297

16.22 Freescale Semiconductor ..................................................................................................................... 298

16.23 Front Porch .......................................................................................................................................... 299

16.24 GENBAND ............................................................................................................................................. 300

16.25 Green Packet ........................................................................................................................................ 300

16.26 iPosi ...................................................................................................................................................... 301

16.27 InterDigital ........................................................................................................................................... 301

16.28 Kineto Wireless .................................................................................................................................... 303



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16.29 Kumu Networks ................................................................................................................................... 304

16.30 Lattice Semiconductor ......................................................................................................................... 305

16.31 Lime Microsystems .............................................................................................................................. 306

16.32 Mavenir ................................................................................................................................................ 307

16.33 Maxim Integrated ................................................................................................................................ 308

16.34 Microsemi Corporation ........................................................................................................................ 309

16.35 MIMOon ............................................................................................................................................... 310

16.36 Nash Technologies ............................................................................................................................... 311

16.37 Netgem ................................................................................................................................................ 312

16.38 Node-H ................................................................................................................................................. 313

16.39 Nomor Research .................................................................................................................................. 314

16.40 Octasic ................................................................................................................................................. 315

16.41 Oracle Corporation .............................................................................................................................. 316

16.42 Pletronics ............................................................................................................................................. 316

16.43 PMC-Sierra ........................................................................................................................................... 317

16.44 Polaris Networks .................................................................................................................................. 318

16.45 Public Wireless ..................................................................................................................................... 319

16.46 Qualcomm ........................................................................................................................................... 320

16.47 Quortus ................................................................................................................................................ 322

16.48 Radisys ................................................................................................................................................. 323

16.49 Rakon ................................................................................................................................................... 324

16.50 Saguna Networks ................................................................................................................................. 325

16.51 SAI Technology ..................................................................................................................................... 326

16.52 Stoke .................................................................................................................................................... 327

16.53 Smith Micro Software .......................................................................................................................... 327

16.54 Syniverse Technologies ........................................................................................................................ 328

16.55 Tata Elxsi .............................................................................................................................................. 329

16.56 TI (Texas Instruments) ......................................................................................................................... 330

16.57 U-blox ................................................................................................................................................... 331

16.58 Vectron International .......................................................................................................................... 332

16.59 Vitesse Semiconductor ........................................................................................................................ 333



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16.60 Xilinx..................................................................................................................................................... 334

17 Chapter 17: Test & Measurement Solution Providers ..................................... 335

17.1 Anite ......................................................................................................................................................... 335

17.2 Anritsu Corporation ................................................................................................................................. 336

17.3 EDX Wireless ............................................................................................................................................ 337

17.4 ERCOM ..................................................................................................................................................... 338

17.5 EXFO ......................................................................................................................................................... 339

17.6 iBwave ...................................................................................................................................................... 340

17.7 Ixia ............................................................................................................................................................ 341

17.8 Keysight Technologies .............................................................................................................................. 342

17.9 VPIsystems ............................................................................................................................................... 343

17.10 WeFi ..................................................................................................................................................... 344

18 Chapter 18: WiFi Network Providers .............................................................. 345

18.1 AlwaysOn ................................................................................................................................................. 345

18.2 Boingo Wireless ........................................................................................................................................ 345

18.3 BSkyB (The Cloud) .................................................................................................................................... 346

18.4 Devicescape Software .............................................................................................................................. 346

18.5 Fon Wireless ............................................................................................................................................. 347

18.6 iPass.......................................................................................................................................................... 348

18.7 Quadriga Worldwide ................................................................................................................................ 349

18.8 Towerstream Corporation ........................................................................................................................ 350

19 Chapter 19: Backhaul & Fronthaul Solution Providers .................................... 351

19.1 3Roam ...................................................................................................................................................... 351

19.2 4RF ........................................................................................................................................................... 351

19.3 Accedian Networks .................................................................................................................................. 352

19.4 Actelis Networks ...................................................................................................................................... 352

19.5 Actiontec .................................................................................................................................................. 353

19.6 Actus Networks ........................................................................................................................................ 353

19.7 ADVA Optical Networking ........................................................................................................................ 353



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19.8 Advantech Wireless .................................................................................................................................. 354

19.9 ALAXALA Networks .................................................................................................................................. 355

19.10 Albis Technologies ............................................................................................................................... 355

19.11 ALCOMA ............................................................................................................................................... 355

19.12 Allied Data Technologies...................................................................................................................... 356

19.13 Allied Telesis ........................................................................................................................................ 356

19.14 Arris ...................................................................................................................................................... 356

19.15 Athena Wireless Communications ....................................................................................................... 357

19.16 Avanti Communications ....................................................................................................................... 358

19.17 Aviat Networks .................................................................................................................................... 359

19.18 AVM ..................................................................................................................................................... 360

19.19 Brocade ................................................................................................................................................ 360

19.20 BLiNQ Networks ................................................................................................................................... 361

19.21 BluWan ................................................................................................................................................ 362

19.22 BridgeWave Communications ............................................................................................................. 363

19.23 BTI Systems .......................................................................................................................................... 364

19.24 CableFree Solutions ............................................................................................................................. 365

19.25 Calix ...................................................................................................................................................... 365

19.26 Cambium Networks ............................................................................................................................. 366

19.27 Canoga Perkins..................................................................................................................................... 366

19.28 Carlson Wireless Technologies ............................................................................................................ 367

19.29 CBNL (Cambridge Broadband Networks Ltd.) ...................................................................................... 367

19.30 CCS (Cambridge Communication Systems) .......................................................................................... 368

19.31 Ceragon ................................................................................................................................................ 369

19.32 Cielo Networks ..................................................................................................................................... 370

19.33 Ciena Corporation ................................................................................................................................ 370

19.34 Comtrend ............................................................................................................................................. 371

19.35 Corecess ............................................................................................................................................... 371

19.36 DASAN Networks ................................................................................................................................. 372

19.37 DragonWave ........................................................................................................................................ 372

19.38 E-Band Communications ...................................................................................................................... 373



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19.39 E-Blink .................................................................................................................................................. 374

19.40 ECI Telecom ......................................................................................................................................... 375

19.41 Elva-1 (Elva-Link) .................................................................................................................................. 375

19.42 Exalt Communications ......................................................................................................................... 376

19.43 FastBack Networks ............................................................................................................................... 376

19.44 Fiberhome Technologies ...................................................................................................................... 377

19.45 FibroLan ............................................................................................................................................... 377

19.46 Genmix Technology ............................................................................................................................. 378

19.47 Gilat Satellite Networks ....................................................................................................................... 378

19.48 HFR ....................................................................................................................................................... 379

19.49 Huahuan............................................................................................................................................... 379

19.50 Hughes Network Systems .................................................................................................................... 380

19.51 HXI ........................................................................................................................................................ 380

19.52 iDirect................................................................................................................................................... 381

19.53 Intracom Telecom ................................................................................................................................ 382

19.54 IPITEK ................................................................................................................................................... 382

19.55 Iskratel ................................................................................................................................................. 383

19.56 KEYMILE ............................................................................................................................................... 383

19.57 LightPointe Communications ............................................................................................................... 383

19.58 Loea Corporation ................................................................................................................................. 384

19.59 MAX4G ................................................................................................................................................. 385

19.60 Microwave Networks ........................................................................................................................... 385

19.61 MIMOtech ............................................................................................................................................ 386

19.62 MRV Communications ......................................................................................................................... 387

19.63 Nexcomm Systems ............................................................................................................................... 387

19.64 NexxComm Wireless ............................................................................................................................ 387

19.65 Omnitron Systems ............................................................................................................................... 388

19.66 OneAccess Networks ........................................................................................................................... 388

19.67 Overture Networks .............................................................................................................................. 388

19.68 Polewall ................................................................................................................................................ 389

19.69 Positron ................................................................................................................................................ 390



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19.70 RACOM ................................................................................................................................................. 390

19.71 RAD Data Communications .................................................................................................................. 390

19.72 RADWIN ............................................................................................................................................... 391

19.73 Redline Communications ..................................................................................................................... 392

19.74 SAF Tehnika .......................................................................................................................................... 392

19.75 SIAE Microelectronics (SIAE Microelectronica).................................................................................... 392

19.76 Siklu ...................................................................................................................................................... 393

19.77 SkyFiber................................................................................................................................................ 394

19.78 SMC Networks ..................................................................................................................................... 394

19.79 Solectek ................................................................................................................................................ 394

19.80 Star Microwave .................................................................................................................................... 395

19.81 Sub10 Systems ..................................................................................................................................... 395

19.82 Taqua ................................................................................................................................................... 396

19.83 Tarana Wireless ................................................................................................................................... 397

19.84 Telco Systems ...................................................................................................................................... 398

19.85 Tellabs .................................................................................................................................................. 398

19.86 Tellion .................................................................................................................................................. 399

19.87 Tellumat ............................................................................................................................................... 400

19.88 Telrad Networks................................................................................................................................... 400

19.89 Telsey ................................................................................................................................................... 401

19.90 Tilgin..................................................................................................................................................... 401

19.91 Trango Systems .................................................................................................................................... 402

19.92 Transmode ........................................................................................................................................... 402

19.93 Ubiquoss .............................................................................................................................................. 403

19.94 UTStarcom ........................................................................................................................................... 403

19.95 Vubiq Networks ................................................................................................................................... 403

19.96 Wave1 .................................................................................................................................................. 404

19.97 Wavesight ............................................................................................................................................ 405

19.98 Xavi Technologies ................................................................................................................................ 405

19.99 Yamaha ................................................................................................................................................ 405

19.100 Zhone Technologies ............................................................................................................................. 406



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20 Chapter 20: Market Analysis and Forecasts .................................................... 407

20.1 The Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Market: 2014 – 2020 ...................................................................... 407

20.1.1 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base ............................................................................... 407

20.1.1.1 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base Compared ..................................................................... 408

20.1.1.2 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base by Region ................................................................................. 408

20.1.2 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue .......................................................... 409

20.1.2.1 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue Compared................................................ 410

20.1.2.2 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue by Region ............................................................ 411

20.1.3 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue .................................................................. 412

20.1.3.1 Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue Compared ........................................................ 412

20.1.3.2 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue by Region .................................................................... 413

20.2 The Global Small Cell Market: 2014 – 2020 ............................................................................................. 414

20.2.1 Global Throughput of Small Cell Data Traffic .................................................................................. 414

20.2.2 Global Small Cell Installed Base ....................................................................................................... 414

20.2.3 Global Small Cell Installed Base by Cell Size (Femto, Pico, Micro) .................................................. 415

20.2.3.1 Global Femtocell Installed Base ............................................................................................................. 415

20.2.3.2 Global Picocell Installed Base ................................................................................................................. 416

20.2.3.3 Global Microcell Installed Base .............................................................................................................. 416

20.2.4 Global Small Cell Installed Base by Deployment Model (Home/Residential, Enterprise, Metro, Rural) 417

20.2.4.1 Home/Residential Small Cell Installed Base ........................................................................................... 418

20.2.4.2 Enterprise Small Cell Installed Base ....................................................................................................... 418

20.2.4.3 Metro Small Cell Installed Base .............................................................................................................. 419

20.2.4.4 Rural Small Cell Installed Base ................................................................................................................ 419

20.2.5 Global Small Cell Installed Base by Air Interface Technology Generation (2G, 3G, 4G) .................. 420

20.2.5.1 2G/3G (CDMA2000/GSM/W-CDMA) Small Cell Installed Base .............................................................. 421

20.2.5.2 4G (LTE/WiMAX) Small Cell Installed Base ............................................................................................. 421

20.2.6 Global Small Cell Installed Base by Air Interface Technology (GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA, CDMA2000/EV-DO, LTE FDD/TD-LTE, WiMAX) ......................................................................................................................... 422

20.2.6.1 GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA Small Cell Installed Base ...................................................................................... 422

20.2.6.2 CDMA2000/EV-DO Small Cell Installed Base .......................................................................................... 423

20.2.6.3 LTE FDD Small Cell Installed Base ........................................................................................................... 423

20.2.6.4 TD-LTE Small Cell Installed Base ............................................................................................................. 424



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20.2.6.5 WiMAX Small Cell Installed Base ............................................................................................................ 424

20.2.7 Small Cell Installed Base by Region ................................................................................................. 425

20.2.8 Global Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue .................................................................................. 425

20.2.9 Global Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue by Cell Size (Femto, Pico, Micro) ............................. 427

20.2.9.1 Global Femtocell Unit Shipments & Revenue ........................................................................................ 428

20.2.9.2 Global Picocell Unit Shipments & Revenue ............................................................................................ 429

20.2.9.3 Global Microcell Unit Shipments & Revenue ......................................................................................... 430

20.2.10 Global Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue by Deployment Model (Home/Residential, Enterprise, Metro, Rural) ................................................................................................................................. 431

20.2.10.1 Home/Residential Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ...................................................................... 432

20.2.10.2 Enterprise Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue................................................................................... 433

20.2.10.3 Metro Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ......................................................................................... 434

20.2.10.4 Rural Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ........................................................................................... 435

20.2.11 Global Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue by Air Interface Technology Generation (2G, 3G, 4G) 436

20.2.11.1 2G/3G (CDMA2000/GSM/W-CDMA) Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ......................................... 437

20.2.11.2 4G (LTE/WiMAX) Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ........................................................................ 438

20.2.12 Global Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue by Air Interface Technology (GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA, CDMA2000/EV-DO, LTE FDD/TD-LTE, WiMAX) ................................................................................................ 439

20.2.12.1 GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ................................................................ 440

20.2.12.2 CDMA2000/EV-DO Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ..................................................................... 441

20.2.12.3 LTE FDD Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ...................................................................................... 442

20.2.12.4 TD-LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ........................................................................................ 443

20.2.12.5 WiMAX Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue ....................................................................................... 444

20.2.13 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue by Region ........................................................................ 445

20.2.14 Global Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue ......................................................................... 446

20.2.15 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue by Region .................................................................... 446

20.3 The Global Carrier WiFi Market: 2014 – 2020 .......................................................................................... 447

20.3.1 Global Throughput of Carrier WiFi Data Traffic ............................................................................... 447

20.3.2 Global Carrier WiFi Installed Base ................................................................................................... 447

20.3.3 Global Carrier WiFi Installed Base by Equipment Type (Access Points, Access Point Controllers).. 448

20.3.3.1 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Installed Base ..................................................................................... 448

20.3.3.2 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Controller Installed Base .................................................................... 449



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20.3.4 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Installed Base by Integration Approach (Managed WiFi Offload, Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi) ..................................................................................................................... 449

20.3.4.1 Managed WiFi Offload Access Point Installed Base ............................................................................... 450

20.3.4.2 Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi Access Point Installed Base ................................................................. 450

20.3.5 Carrier WiFi Installed Base by Region .............................................................................................. 451

20.3.6 Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue .............................................................................. 452

20.3.7 Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue by Equipment Type (Access Points, Access Point Controllers) ...................................................................................................................................................... 453

20.3.7.1 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments & Revenue ................................................................ 454

20.3.7.2 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments & Revenue ............................................... 455

20.3.8 Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments & Revenue by Integration Approach (Managed WiFi Offload, Unmanaged 'Open Access' WiFi) ............................................................................................... 456

20.3.8.1 Global Managed WiFi Offload Access Point Unit Shipments & Revenue ............................................... 457

20.3.8.2 Global Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments & Revenue................................. 458

20.3.9 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue by Region ......................................................................... 459

20.3.10 Global Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue ...................................................................... 460

20.3.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue by Region ................................................................ 460

20.4 The Global SCaaS Market: 2014 – 2020 ................................................................................................... 461

20.4.1 Global SCaaS Revenue ..................................................................................................................... 461

20.4.2 SCaaS Revenue by Region ............................................................................................................... 461

20.5 The Global Small Cell Backhaul Market: 2014 – 2020 .............................................................................. 462

20.5.1 Global Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ....................................................................... 462

20.5.2 Global Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending by Technology ............................................... 463

20.5.2.1 Ethernet over Copper Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ...................................................... 464

20.5.2.2 Ethernet over Fiber Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending .......................................................... 464

20.5.2.3 DSL Modems and DSLAMs Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ............................................... 465

20.5.2.4 NLOS Microwave (Below 6 GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ...................................... 465

20.5.2.5 PTP Microwave (6-60GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ............................................... 466

20.5.2.6 PTMP Microwave (6-60GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ............................................ 466

20.5.2.7 Millimeter Wave (Unlicensed 60GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending .............................. 467

20.5.2.8 Millimeter Wave (Licensed 71-76GHz, 81-86GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ........... 467

20.5.2.9 Satellite Based Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending ................................................................. 468

20.5.3 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending by Region .................................................................. 468



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20.6 The Global DAS Market: 2014 – 2020 ...................................................................................................... 469

20.6.1 Global Throughput of DAS Data Traffic ........................................................................................... 469

20.6.2 Global DAS Infrastructure Spending ................................................................................................ 469

20.6.3 DAS Infrastructure Spending by Region .......................................................................................... 470

20.7 The Global C-RAN Market: 2014 – 2020 .................................................................................................. 471

20.7.1 Global C-RAN Infrastructure Spending ............................................................................................ 471

20.7.2 C-RAN Infrastructure Spending by Region ....................................................................................... 471

20.8 The Global SON Market: 2014 – 2020 ...................................................................................................... 472

20.8.1 Global SON Solution Spending ........................................................................................................ 472

20.8.2 SON Solution Spending by Region ................................................................................................... 472

20.9 The Global Mobile Network Data Service Market: 2014 – 2020 .............................................................. 473

20.9.1 Global Mobile Network Data Service Revenue ............................................................................... 473

20.9.2 Global Mobile Network Data Service Revenue by Access Network Type (Macrocell, C-RAN, Small Cell, Carrier WiFi, DAS) ..................................................................................................................................... 473

20.9.2.1 Macrocell & C-RAN based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue ........................................................ 474

20.9.2.2 Small Cell based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue ....................................................................... 474

20.9.2.3 Carrier WiFi based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue ................................................................... 475

20.9.2.4 DAS based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue ................................................................................ 475

20.9.3 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue by Region .......................................................................... 476

20.10 North America Market: 2014 – 2020 ................................................................................................... 477

20.10.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in North America ...................................... 477

20.10.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in North America .......................................................... 477

20.10.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in North America .......................................................... 478

20.10.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in North America ..................................... 478

20.10.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in North America ............................................. 479

20.10.6 Small Cell Installed Base in North America ................................................................................. 480

20.10.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in North America ............................................................ 480

20.10.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in North America ........................................................ 481

20.10.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in North America .............................................................................. 482

20.10.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in North America ......................................................... 482

20.10.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in North America ..................................................... 483

20.10.12 SCaaS Revenue in North America ............................................................................................... 484



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20.10.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in North America .................................................. 484

20.10.14 DAS Infrastructure Spending in North America .......................................................................... 485

20.10.15 C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in North America ...................................................................... 485

20.10.16 SON Solution Spending in North America ................................................................................... 486

20.11 Asia Pacific Market: 2014 – 2020 ......................................................................................................... 487

20.11.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Asia Pacific ........................................... 487

20.11.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific ................................................................ 487

20.11.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Asia Pacific ............................................................... 488

20.11.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Asia Pacific .......................................... 488

20.11.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific ................................................... 489

20.11.6 Small Cell Installed Base in Asia Pacific ....................................................................................... 490

20.11.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in Asia Pacific .................................................................. 490

20.11.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific .............................................................. 491

20.11.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Asia Pacific ................................................................................... 492

20.11.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Asia Pacific .............................................................. 492

20.11.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific .......................................................... 493

20.11.12 SCaaS Revenue in Asia Pacific ..................................................................................................... 494

20.11.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Asia Pacific ........................................................ 494

20.11.14 DAS Infrastructure Spending in Asia Pacific ................................................................................ 495

20.11.15 C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Asia Pacific ............................................................................ 495

20.11.16 SON Solution Spending in Asia Pacific ......................................................................................... 496

20.12 Western Europe Market: 2014 – 2020 ................................................................................................ 497

20.12.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Western Europe ................................... 497

20.12.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Western Europe ....................................................... 497

20.12.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Western Europe ....................................................... 498

20.12.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Western Europe .................................. 498

20.12.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Western Europe .......................................... 499

20.12.6 Small Cell Installed Base in Western Europe ............................................................................... 500

20.12.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in Western Europe .......................................................... 500

20.12.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Western Europe ...................................................... 501

20.12.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Western Europe ........................................................................... 502



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20.12.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Western Europe ...................................................... 502

20.12.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Western Europe .................................................. 503

20.12.12 SCaaS Revenue in Western Europe ............................................................................................. 504

20.12.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Western Europe ............................................... 504

20.12.14 DAS Infrastructure Spending in Western Europe ........................................................................ 505

20.12.15 C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Western Europe .................................................................... 505

20.12.16 SON Solution Spending in Western Europe ................................................................................ 506

20.13 Eastern Europe Market: 2014 – 2020 .................................................................................................. 507

20.13.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Eastern Europe ..................................... 507

20.13.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe ......................................................... 507

20.13.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Eastern Europe ......................................................... 508

20.13.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Eastern Europe .................................... 508

20.13.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe ............................................ 509

20.13.6 Small Cell Installed Base in Eastern Europe ................................................................................ 510

20.13.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in Eastern Europe ........................................................... 510

20.13.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe ....................................................... 511

20.13.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Eastern Europe ............................................................................. 512

20.13.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Eastern Europe ........................................................ 512

20.13.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe .................................................... 513

20.13.12 SCaaS Revenue in Eastern Europe .............................................................................................. 514

20.13.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Eastern Europe ................................................. 514

20.13.14 DAS Infrastructure Spending in Eastern Europe ......................................................................... 515

20.13.15 C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Eastern Europe...................................................................... 515

20.13.16 SON Solution Spending in Eastern Europe .................................................................................. 516

20.14 Middle East & Africa Market: 2014 – 2020 .......................................................................................... 517

20.14.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Middle East & Africa ............................ 517

20.14.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa ................................................. 517

20.14.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Middle East & Africa ................................................ 518

20.14.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Middle East & Africa ........................... 518

20.14.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa .................................... 519

20.14.6 Small Cell Installed Base in Middle East & Africa ........................................................................ 520



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20.14.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in Middle East & Africa ................................................... 520

20.14.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa ............................................... 521

20.14.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Middle East & Africa .................................................................... 522

20.14.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Middle East & Africa ............................................... 522

20.14.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa............................................ 523

20.14.12 SCaaS Revenue in Middle East & Africa ...................................................................................... 524

20.14.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Middle East & Africa ......................................... 524

20.14.14 DAS Infrastructure Spending in Middle East & Africa ................................................................. 525

20.14.15 C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Middle East & Africa ............................................................. 525

20.14.16 SON Solution Spending in Middle East & Africa .......................................................................... 526

20.15 Latin & Central America Market: 2014 – 2020 .................................................................................... 527

20.15.1 Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Latin & Central America ....................... 527

20.15.2 Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America ........................................... 527

20.15.3 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Latin & Central America ........................................... 528

20.15.4 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Latin & Central America ...................... 528

20.15.5 Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America .............................. 529

20.15.6 Small Cell Installed Base in Latin & Central America ................................................................... 530

20.15.7 Small Cell Unit Shipments & Revenue in Latin & Central America.............................................. 530

20.15.8 Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America .......................................... 531

20.15.9 Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Latin & Central America ............................................................... 532

20.15.10 Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments & Revenue in Latin & Central America .......................................... 532

20.15.11 Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America ...................................... 533

20.15.12 SCaaS Revenue in Latin & Central America ................................................................................. 534

20.15.13 Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Latin & Central America ................................... 534

20.15.14 DAS Infrastructure Spending in Latin & Central America ............................................................ 535

20.15.15 C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Latin & Central America ........................................................ 535

20.15.16 SON Solution Spending in Latin & Central America .................................................................... 536

21 Chapter 21: Conclusion and Strategic Recommendations ............................... 537

21.1 The Formula for Success: Selecting the Right Combination of Small Cell Form Factors .......................... 537

21.2 SON Integration is Key.............................................................................................................................. 537

21.3 Mobile Fronthaul: Opportunities Beyond C-RAN ..................................................................................... 539



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21.4 Accelerating the Transition to Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Networks ...................................... 541

21.5 WiFi Integration: The Emerging Market for WiFi Enabled LTE Gateways ................................................ 544

21.6 Prospects of Enterprise RAN Deployments .............................................................................................. 546

21.7 Network Visibility & OAM ........................................................................................................................ 547

21.8 Addressing Network Security: IPsec ......................................................................................................... 547

21.9 Small Cells, WiFi C-RAN or DAS: Which Implementation will lead HetNet Deployments? ...................... 548

21.10 Rise of the Non-Macro Vendors .......................................................................................................... 548

21.11 The Opportunity for Small Cells in Emerging Rural Markets ............................................................... 549

21.12 Strategic Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 550

21.12.1 Recommendations for HetNet Solution Vendors ....................................................................... 550

21.12.2 Recommendations for Wireless Carriers .................................................................................... 550

21.12.3 Recommendations for Macrocell Infrastructure Vendors .......................................................... 551

21.12.4 Recommendations for Backhaul & Fronthaul Solution Providers ............................................... 551



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List of Figures

Figure 1: Global LTE Subscriptions by Region: 2010 – 2020 (Millions) ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 55

Figure 2: HetNet Architecture ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 56

Figure 3: Small Cell Coverage Range Comparison ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 58

Figure 4: Small Cell Characteristics & Comparison to Macrocells .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59

Figure 5: Mobile Network Data Offloading via WiFi ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 62

Figure 6: C-RAN Architecture.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 65

Figure 7: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic by Region: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) ....................................................................................................................................... 69

Figure 8: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic by Access Network Type (Macrocell, C-RAN, Small Cells, Carrier WiFi, DAS): 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) ................................... 70

Figure 9: Global DAS Spending: 2010 – 2020 ($ Billion) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 73

Figure 10: Iuh based Small Cell Integration in a 3G Mobile Network............................................................................................................................................................................................... 78

Figure 11: Iub based Small Cell Integration in a 3G Mobile Network............................................................................................................................................................................................... 79

Figure 12: S1 Interface based Small Cell Integration in an LTE Network .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 80

Figure 13: HetNet Industry Roadmap: 2010 - 2020 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 94

Figure 14: Annual Global Throughput of Small Cells and Carrier WiFi Data Networks: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) ............................................................................................................................... 96

Figure 15: The HetNet Value Chain ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 98

Figure 16: SCaaS Provider and Wireless Carrier Responsibilities in a SCaaS Offering......................................................................................................................................................................111

Figure 17: Small Cell Forum’s Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................124

Figure 18: Small Cell Forum Working Groups ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................125

Figure 19: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Millions of Units) .............................................................................................................................................................407

Figure 20: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base Compared: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................................................................................................................................408

Figure 21: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base by Region: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...................................................................................................................................................408

Figure 22: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Millions of Units) ..........................................................................................................................................................409

Figure 23: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .........................................................................................................................................................409

Figure 24: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments Compared: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ....................................................................................................................................410

Figure 25: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue Compared: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................................................................410

Figure 26: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................................................................................................................................411

Figure 27: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................................................................411

Figure 28: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .............................................................................................................................................................412

Figure 29: Global Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .............................................................................................................................................................412

Figure 30: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................................................................413

Figure 31: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic over Small Cells: 2010 - 2020 (Exabytes)............................................................................................................................414

Figure 32: Global Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...............................................................................................................................................................................414

Figure 33: Global Small Cell Installed Base by Cell Size (Femto, Pico, Micro): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................415

Figure 34: Global Femtocell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...............................................................................................................................................................................415

Figure 35: Global Picocell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................................................................................................................................416

Figure 36: Global Microcell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................................................................................................................................................................416

Figure 37: Global Small Cell Installed Base by Deployment Model (Home/Residential, Enterprise, Metro, Rural): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ....................................................................417

Figure 38: Home/Residential Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................................................................................................418

Figure 39: Enterprise Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .........................................................................................................................................................................418

Figure 40: Metro Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...............................................................................................................................................................................419

Figure 41: Rural Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .................................................................................................................................................................................419

Figure 42: Global Small Cell Installed Base by Air Interface Technology Generation (2G, 3G, 4G): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................................420

Figure 43: 2G/3G (CDMA2000/GSM-WCDMA) Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................................................................................421

Figure 44: 4G (LTE/WiMAX) Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...............................................................................................................................................................421

Figure 45: Global Small Cell Installed Base by Air Interface Technology (GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA, CDMA2000/EV-DO, LTE FDD/TD-LTE, WiMAX): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................422

Figure 46: GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ........................................................................................................................................................422

Figure 47: CDMA2000/EV-DO Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................................................423

Figure 48: LTE FDD Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................................................................423

Figure 49: TD-LTE Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..............................................................................................................................................................................424

Figure 50: WiMAX Small Cell Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................................................................................................................424

Figure 51: Small Cell Installed Base by Region: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..........................................................................................................................................................................425

Figure 52: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Millions of Units) .................................................................................................................................................................................425

Figure 53: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................................................................426



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Figure 54: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Cell Size (Femto, Pico, Micro): 2010 - 2020 (Millions of Units) ..............................................................................................................................427

Figure 55: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Cell Size (Femto, Pico, Micro): 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................427

Figure 56: Global Femtocell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Millions of Units) .................................................................................................................................................................................428

Figure 57: Global Femtocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...............................................................................................................................................................................428

Figure 58: Global Picocell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Millions of Units) ....................................................................................................................................................................................429

Figure 59: Global Picocell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................................................................................................................429

Figure 60: Global Microcell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Millions of Units)..................................................................................................................................................................................430

Figure 61: Global Microcell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................................................................430

Figure 62: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Deployment Model (Residential, Enterprise, Metro, Rural): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................431

Figure 63: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Deployment Model (Residential, Enterprise, Metro, Rural): 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................431

Figure 64: Home/Residential Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..........................................................................................................................................................432

Figure 65: Home/Residential Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..............................................................................................................................................................432

Figure 66: Enterprise Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units).......................................................................................................................................................................433

Figure 67: Enterprise Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..........................................................................................................................................................................433

Figure 68: Metro Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................................................................................................................434

Figure 69: Metro Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................................................................434

Figure 70: Rural Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..............................................................................................................................................................................435

Figure 71: Rural Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................................................................................................................435

Figure 72: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Air Interface Technology Generation (2G, 3G, 4G): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..........................................................................................436

Figure 73: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Air Interface Technology Generation (2G, 3G, 4G): 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)..............................................................................................436

Figure 74: 2G/3G (CDMA2000/GSM/W-CDMA) Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..............................................................................................................................437

Figure 75: 2G/3G (CDMA2000/GSM/W-CDMA) Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................................................................437

Figure 76: 4G (LTE/WiMAX) Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................................................438

Figure 77: 4G (LTE/WiMAX) Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................................................438

Figure 78: Global Small Cell Unit Shipments by Air Interface Technology (GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA, CDMA2000/EV-DO, LTE FDD, TD-LTE, WiMAX): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ....................439

Figure 79: Global Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Air Interface Technology (GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA, CDMA2000/EV-DO, LTE FDD, TD-LTE, WiMAX): 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................439

Figure 80: GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .....................................................................................................................................................440

Figure 81: GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million).........................................................................................................................................................440

Figure 82: CDMA2000/EV-DO Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .........................................................................................................................................................441

Figure 83: CDMA2000/EV-DO Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million).............................................................................................................................................................441

Figure 84: LTE FDD Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..........................................................................................................................................................................442

Figure 85: LTE FDD Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................................................................442

Figure 86: TD-LTE Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................................................................443

Figure 87: TD-LTE Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...............................................................................................................................................................................443

Figure 88: WiMAX Small Cell Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...........................................................................................................................................................................444

Figure 89: WiMAX Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..............................................................................................................................................................................444

Figure 90: Small Cell Unit Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................................................................................................................................................................445

Figure 91: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)...........................................................................................................................................................................445

Figure 92: Global Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................................................................................446

Figure 93: Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ...................................................................................................................................................................446

Figure 94: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic over Carrier WiFi: 2010 - 2020 (Exabytes) ..........................................................................................................................447

Figure 95: Global Carrier WiFi Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)............................................................................................................................................................................447

Figure 96: Global Carrier WiFi Installed Base by Equipment Type (Access Points, Access Point Controllers): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................448

Figure 97: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................................................................................................................................................448

Figure 98: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Controller Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units).......................................................................................................................................449

Figure 99: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Installed Base by Integration Approach (Managed WiFi Offload, Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................449

Figure 100: Managed WiFi Offload Access Point Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................................................................................................................................450

Figure 101: Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi Access Point Installed Base: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .................................................................................................................................450

Figure 102: Carrier WiFi Installed Base by Region: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ....................................................................................................................................................................451

Figure 103: Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................................................................................................................................................................452

Figure 104: Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..........................................................................................................................................................................452

Figure 105: Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments by Equipment Type (Access Points, Access Point Controllers): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ........................................................................453

Figure 106: Global Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue by Equipment Type (Access Points, Access Point Controllers): 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................453

Figure 107: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...................................................................................................................................................454

Figure 108: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................................................................................................................454

Figure 109: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Controller Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................................................................................455

Figure 110: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Controller Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................455



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Figure 111: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments by Integration Approach (Managed WiFi Offload, Unmanaged 'Open Access' WiFi): 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)...................456

Figure 112: Global Carrier WiFi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue by Integration Approach (Managed WiFi Offload, Unmanaged 'Open Access' WiFi): 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................456

Figure 113: Global Managed WiFi Offload Access Point Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................................................................................457

Figure 114: Global Managed WiFi Offload Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................457

Figure 115: Global Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi Access Point Unit Shipments: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ....................................................................................................................458

Figure 116: Global Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi Access Point Unit Shipment Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................................................................458

Figure 117: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments by Region: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................................................................................................................459

Figure 118: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................................................459

Figure 119: Global Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ...................................................................................................................................................................460

Figure 120: Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion)..............................................................................................................................................................460

Figure 121: Global SCaaS Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ............................................................................................................................................................................................................461

Figure 122: SCaaS Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .......................................................................................................................................................................................................461

Figure 123: Global Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...............................................................................................................................................................462

Figure 124: Global Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending by Technology: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................................................................................463

Figure 125: Ethernet over Copper Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................................................................................464

Figure 126: Ethernet over Fiber Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...........................................................................................................................................464

Figure 127: DSL Modems and DSLAMs Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................465

Figure 128: NLOS Microwave (Below 6 GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................................................................465

Figure 129: PTP Microwave (6-60GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................466

Figure 130: PTMP Microwave (6-60GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................466

Figure 131: Millimeter Wave (Unlicensed 60GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...............................................................................................................467

Figure 132: Millimeter Wave (Licensed 71-76GHz, 81-86GHz) Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................467

Figure 133: Satellite Based Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................................................................................468

Figure 134: Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..........................................................................................................................................................468

Figure 135: Annual Global Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic over DAS: 2010 - 2020 (Exabytes) ....................................................................................................................................469

Figure 136: Global DAS Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................................................................................................469

Figure 137: DAS Infrastructure Spending by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ..................................................................................................................................................................................470

Figure 138: Global C-RAN Infrastructure Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ....................................................................................................................................................................................471

Figure 139: C-RAN Infrastructure Spending by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)..............................................................................................................................................................................471

Figure 140: Global SON Solution Spending: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ................................................................................................................................................................................................472

Figure 141: SON Solution Spending by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..........................................................................................................................................................................................472

Figure 142: Global Mobile Network Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................................................................................473

Figure 143: Global Mobile Network Data Service Revenue by Access Network Type (Macrocell, Small Cell, Carrier WiFi, DAS): 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................473

Figure 144: Macrocell & C-RAN based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ..........................................................................................................................................474

Figure 145: Small Cell based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .........................................................................................................................................................474

Figure 146: Carrier WiFi based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .....................................................................................................................................................475

Figure 147: DAS based Mobile Network Data Service Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .................................................................................................................................................................475

Figure 148: Mobile Network Data Service Revenue by Region: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................................................................................................476

Figure 149: Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in North America: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes)..................................................................................................................................477

Figure 150: Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................................................................................................................477

Figure 151: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in North America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)......................................................................................................................................478

Figure 152: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in North America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...................................................................................................................................478

Figure 153: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ......................................................................................................................................479

Figure 154: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ...........................................................................................................................................479

Figure 155: Small Cell Installed Base in North America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................................................480

Figure 156: Small Cell Unit Shipments in North America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..........................................................................................................................................................480

Figure 157: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................................................481

Figure 158: Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ......................................................................................................................................................481

Figure 159: Carrier WiFi Installed Base in North America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .........................................................................................................................................................482

Figure 160: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in North America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ......................................................................................................................................................482

Figure 161: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..........................................................................................................................................................483

Figure 162: Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ..................................................................................................................................................483

Figure 163: SCaaS Revenue in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion)............................................................................................................................................................................................484

Figure 164: Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..............................................................................................................................................484

Figure 165: DAS Infrastructure Spending in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .......................................................................................................................................................................485

Figure 166: C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..................................................................................................................................................................485

Figure 167: SON Solution Spending in North America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ..............................................................................................................................................................................486



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Figure 168: Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Asia Pacific: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) .......................................................................................................................................487

Figure 169: Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)............................................................................................................................................................487

Figure 170: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...........................................................................................................................................488

Figure 171: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .........................................................................................................................................488

Figure 172: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................................................................489

Figure 173: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ................................................................................................................................................489

Figure 174: Small Cell Installed Base in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................................................................................................................490

Figure 175: Small Cell Unit Shipments in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)................................................................................................................................................................490

Figure 176: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................................................................................................491

Figure 177: Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ...........................................................................................................................................................491

Figure 178: Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)...............................................................................................................................................................492

Figure 179: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................................................492

Figure 180: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...............................................................................................................................................................493

Figure 181: Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................................................................493

Figure 182: SCaaS Revenue in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .................................................................................................................................................................................................494

Figure 183: Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................................................................494

Figure 184: DAS Infrastructure Spending in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .............................................................................................................................................................................495

Figure 185: C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................................................................................................495

Figure 186: SON Solution Spending in Asia Pacific: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................................................................................................496

Figure 187: Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Western Europe: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) ...............................................................................................................................497

Figure 188: Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...................................................................................................................................................497

Figure 189: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...................................................................................................................................498

Figure 190: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units).................................................................................................................................498

Figure 191: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................................................499

Figure 192: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ........................................................................................................................................499

Figure 193: Small Cell Installed Base in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..........................................................................................................................................................500

Figure 194: Small Cell Unit Shipments in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................................................................................................................................................500

Figure 195: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...........................................................................................................................................................501

Figure 196: Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ...................................................................................................................................................501

Figure 197: Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ......................................................................................................................................................502

Figure 198: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ....................................................................................................................................................502

Figure 199: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................................................................................................503

Figure 200: Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ................................................................................................................................................503

Figure 201: SCaaS Revenue in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .........................................................................................................................................................................................504

Figure 202: Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................................................................504

Figure 203: DAS Infrastructure Spending in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion).....................................................................................................................................................................505

Figure 204: C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................................................505

Figure 205: SON Solution Spending in Western Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................................................................................................506

Figure 206: Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Eastern Europe: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) .................................................................................................................................507

Figure 207: Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................................507

Figure 208: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .....................................................................................................................................508

Figure 209: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..................................................................................................................................508

Figure 210: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................509

Figure 211: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ..........................................................................................................................................509

Figure 212: Small Cell Installed Base in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...........................................................................................................................................................510

Figure 213: Small Cell Unit Shipments in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .........................................................................................................................................................510

Figure 214: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ............................................................................................................................................................511

Figure 215: Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .....................................................................................................................................................511

Figure 216: Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ........................................................................................................................................................512

Figure 217: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)......................................................................................................................................................512

Figure 218: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .........................................................................................................................................................513

Figure 219: Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .................................................................................................................................................513

Figure 220: SCaaS Revenue in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ...........................................................................................................................................................................................514

Figure 221: Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................................514

Figure 222: DAS Infrastructure Spending in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ......................................................................................................................................................................515

Figure 223: C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................................................................................................515

Figure 224: SON Solution Spending in Eastern Europe: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................................................................516



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Figure 225: Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Middle East & Africa: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) .........................................................................................................................517

Figure 226: Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................................517

Figure 227: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .............................................................................................................................518

Figure 228: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..........................................................................................................................518

Figure 229: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .............................................................................................................................519

Figure 230: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ..................................................................................................................................519

Figure 231: Small Cell Installed Base in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)....................................................................................................................................................520

Figure 232: Small Cell Unit Shipments in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .................................................................................................................................................520

Figure 233: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................................................................521

Figure 234: Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .............................................................................................................................................521

Figure 235: Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ................................................................................................................................................522

Figure 236: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units)..............................................................................................................................................522

Figure 237: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .................................................................................................................................................523

Figure 238: Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .........................................................................................................................................523

Figure 239: SCaaS Revenue in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ...................................................................................................................................................................................524

Figure 240: Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................524

Figure 241: DAS Infrastructure Spending in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ..............................................................................................................................................................525

Figure 242: C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .........................................................................................................................................................525

Figure 243: SON Solution Spending in Middle East & Africa: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................................................526

Figure 244: Annual Throughput of Mobile Network Data Traffic in Latin & Central America: 2010 – 2020 (Exabytes) ...................................................................................................................527

Figure 245: Mobile Network Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................................................................527

Figure 246: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .......................................................................................................................528

Figure 247: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) .....................................................................................................................528

Figure 248: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ........................................................................................................................529

Figure 249: Small Cell & Carrier WiFi Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ............................................................................................................................529

Figure 250: Small Cell Installed Base in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ..............................................................................................................................................530

Figure 251: Small Cell Unit Shipments in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ............................................................................................................................................530

Figure 252: Small Cell Unit Shipment Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ...............................................................................................................................................531

Figure 253: Small Cell Mobile Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion)........................................................................................................................................531

Figure 254: Carrier WiFi Installed Base in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...........................................................................................................................................532

Figure 255: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipments in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ........................................................................................................................................532

Figure 256: Carrier WiFi Unit Shipment Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million)............................................................................................................................................533

Figure 257: Carrier WiFi Mobile Data Service Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) ....................................................................................................................................533

Figure 258: SCaaS Revenue in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .............................................................................................................................................................................534

Figure 259: Small Cell Backhaul Infrastructure Spending in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................534

Figure 260: DAS Infrastructure Spending in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Billion) .........................................................................................................................................................535

Figure 261: C-RAN Infrastructure Spending in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ....................................................................................................................................................535

Figure 262: SON Solution Spending in Latin & Central America: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) ................................................................................................................................................................536

Figure 263: Global HetNet Centric SON Revenue: 2010 - 2020 ($ Million) .....................................................................................................................................................................................538

Figure 264: Mobile Fronthaul Investments by Region: 2014 - 2020 ($ Million) ..............................................................................................................................................................................540

Figure 265: TCO Comparison between LTE and LMR Technologies ................................................................................................................................................................................................541

Figure 266: Global Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Small Cell Shipments: 2014 – 2020 .........................................................................................................................................................542

Figure 267: Global Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Small Cell Shipment Revenue: 2014 – 2020 ($ Million) ...........................................................................................................................543

Figure 268: WiFi Enabled LTE Gateway Unit Shipments by Region: 2014 - 2020 (Thousands of Units) ...........................................................................................................................................545

Figure 269: WiFi Enabled LTE Gateway Unit Shipment Revenue by Region: 2014 - 2020 ($ Million) ..............................................................................................................................................545

Figure 270: Global Spending on Enterprise RAN Solutions: 2014 - 2020 ($ Million) .......................................................................................................................................................................546



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1 Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Executive Summary

Driven by in-building wireless coverage requirements and the growing influx of mobile

broadband data traffic, a traditional macrocell based cellular network deployment is not

deemed to be a sufficient solution to address the coverage and capacity needs of today’s

wireless subscribers.

Wireless carriers are thus exploring options to offload additional coverage and capacity to

alternatives such as strategically deployed small cells and WiFi access points, which have

so far been deployed by more than 200 global wireless carriers. Adding further to the

heterogeneity are alternative deployment models such as DAS (Distributed Antenna

Systems) and the emerging C-RAN (Cloud Radio Access Networks) architecture which

concentrates the processing of the RAN segment of a mobile network in one or more,

centralized data centers.

Eyeing this lucrative opportunity for HetNet (Heterogeneous Network) deployments,

vendors across the highly fragmented wireless infrastructure value chain have become

increasingly innovative in their strategies and solution offerings which now support far

better coverage and capacity than traditional macrocell deployments alone, while

minimizing both CapEx and OpEx.

Similarly other players in the value chain are also exploiting new opportunities arising

from the shift towards HetNets. For example fixed line service providers are capitalizing on

the SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) concept by leveraging their backhaul infrastructure, to

ease future small cell rollouts.



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Driven by the thriving ecosystem, we expect small cells, carrier WiFi, DAS and C-RAN

networks to account for over 50% of all mobile data traffic by the end of 2015, while

overall spending on HetNet infrastructure is expected to reach $20 Billion annually during

the same period.

This report presents an in-depth assessment of the global small cells, carrier WiFi, DAS and

C-RAN markets. In addition to covering the technology, business case, the challenges,

standardization initiatives, the industry’s roadmap, value chain analysis, deployment case

studies, vendor service/product strategies and strategic recommendations, the report also

presents comprehensive forecasts for the market from 2014 till 2020, including individual

revenue and shipment projections of small cells, carrier WiFi, small cell backhaul, SCaaS,

DAS, C-RAN, SON (Self-Organizing Network) and mobile data services across six

geographical regions.

Also provided are historical figures for 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013. The report comes with

an associated Excel datasheet covering quantitative data from all figures presented within

the report.



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1.2 Topics Covered

The report covers the following topics:

Small cell, carrier WiFi, DAS and C-RAN technology, and architecture

Integration and offloading technology for HetNets

Market drivers and key benefits of HetNets

Challenges and Inhibitors to the HetNet ecosystem

HetNet industry roadmap: 2010 – 2020

HetNet industry value chain

Vendor landscape and acquisitions

HetNet deployment models

Vertical markets for HetNet deployments

Small cell backhaul and C-RAN fronthaul technology, requirements and key issues

Standardization and regulatory initiatives

SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service)

Small cells, SCaaS, C-RAN, DAS and carrier WiFi deployment case studies

Industry, wireless carrier and vendor commitments to HetNet deployments

Enterprise RAN solutions

Public safety and military centric LTE small cells

WiFi enabled LTE gateways

SON (Self-Organizing Network) technology

Profiles and market positioning assessment (current strategy, target market and

products/services) for the following players in the HetNet market: pure-play small cell

vendors, DAS, RRH & repeater solution providers, carrier WiFi focused vendors, C-RAN

solution providers, HetNet focused SON solution providers, wireless network

(Macrocell, Core) infrastructure vendors, chipset, software, technology & component

vendors, test & measurement solution providers, WiFi network providers and

fronthaul/backhaul solution providers

Conclusion and strategic recommendations for HetNet solution vendors, wireless

carriers and macrocell infrastructure vendors



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Market analysis and forecasts for the industry’s revenue, including the following

submarkets:

Small Cells

Carrier WiFi

SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service)

DAS (Distributed Antenna Systems)

C-RAN (Cloud Radio Access Networks)

SON (Self-Organizing Network) Solutions

Enterprise RAN

Small Cell Backhaul

Mobile Fronthaul

Mobile Network Data Service

- Small cell forecasts (unit shipments, revenue, installed base) are categorized

in the following categories:

- RAN Technology

GSM/W-CDMA/HSPA

CDMA-2000/EV-DO

LTE FDD

TD-LTE

WiMAX

- Deployment Model

Home/Residential

Enterprise

Metro

Rural

- Cell Size

Femtocells

Picocells

Microcells

- Carrier WiFi forecasts (unit shipments, revenue, installed base) are

categorized in the following categories:

- Equipment Category

Access Points

Access Point Controllers



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- Integration Approach

Managed WiFi Offload

Unmanaged ‘Open Access’ WiFi

- Small cell backhaul forecasts (revenue) are categorized in the following

technology categories:

Ethernet over Copper

Ethernet over Fiber

DSL modems and DSLAMs

NLOS (Non Line of Sight) Microwave (Sub-6GHz spectrum)

PTP (Point to Point) Microwave (6-60GHz)

PTMP (Point to Multipoint) Microwave (6-60GHz)

Millimeter Wave (Unlicensed 60GHz spectrum)

Millimeter Wave (Licensed 60GHz spectrum)

Satellite

- Mobile network data service forecasts (throughput and revenue) are

categorized in the following access network technology categories:

Macrocell & C-RAN Networks

Small Cells

Carrier WiFi

DAS

Regional forecasts are categorized in the following 6 categories

North America

Asia Pacific

Western Europe

Eastern Europe

Middle East & Africa

Latin & Central America



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1.3 Key Questions Answered

The report provides answers to the following key questions:

What are the key market drivers and challenges in the HetNet ecosystem?

How big is the HetNet ecosystem, and how much revenue will it generate in

2020?

What will be the installed base of small cells and carrier WiFi access points in

2020?

Which geographical regions offer the greatest growth potential for HetNet

deployments?

What is the service revenue for mobile data services delivered over small cells,

carrier WiFi, DAS, C-RAN and macrocells, and how will this vary overtime?

How are investments on DAS technology impacting small cell and carrier WiFi

deployments?

What is the C-RAN concept, and how does it affect the small cell, DAS and carrier

WiFi markets?

Which technology will be predominant in the small cell backhaul ecosystem and

is there a market for satellite based small cell backhaul?

Is there a market for rural small cell deployments?

How big are the opportunities for SCaaS (Small Cells as a Service) and enterprise

RAN deployments?

How is the HetNet value chain structured and how will it evolve overtime?

What opportunities does the HetNet ecosystem offer to infrastructure vendors

and other players involved in the value chain?

What strategies should infrastructure vendors and wireless carriers adopt to

capitalize on the HetNet opportunity?

Can small cells help in accelerating LTE deployments for the military, public safety

and other verticals?



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1.4 Key Findings

The report has the following key findings:

Small cells, carrier WiFi, DAS and C-RAN infrastructure investments will account

for a $20 Billion HetNet ecosystem by 2020

HetNet infrastructure is expected to carry more than 70% of all mobile network

data traffic by 2020, which will account for $380 Billion in mobile data service

revenue

At present, the HetNet value chain is highly fragmented with ‘pure-play’

specialists and incumbent macrocell vendors battling to gain a higher share of the

market

SNS Research expects the value chain to consolidate over the coming years

following a string of acquisitions by industry giants such as Intel, Ericsson, Cisco

and Nokia

Eyeing the momentum behind small cell and C-RAN deployments, several DAS

vendors, such as BTI Wireless and Kathrein-Werke KG, have developed small cell

and C-RAN offerings

Small cell vendors such as Airvana are also adopting C-RAN centric architectures

Enterprise RAN investments based on combination of small cells and coordination

platforms are expected to reach $5 Billion by the end of 2020

While it is a preferred opinion among wireless carriers, aggregating outdoor small

cell backhaul with macrocell infrastructure may prove to be a well challenging

task. Consequently the demand for small cell backhauling has opened a new

opportunity for investment, which will be a market worth nearly $6 Billion by

2020

Spending on mobile fronthaul solutions will grow at a CAGR of nearly 40%

between 2014 and 2020. By the end of 2020, mobile fronthaul investments will

account for nearly $2.6 Billion in revenue



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1.5 Methodology

The contents of this report have been accumulated by combining information attained

from a range of primary and secondary research sources. In addition to analyzing official

corporate announcements, policy documents, media reports, and industry statements,

SNS Research sought opinions from leading industry players within the HetNet market to

derive an unbiased, accurate and objective mix of market trends, forecasts and the future

prospects of the industry between 2014 and 2020.



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1.6 Target Audience

The report targets the following audience:

Small cell vendors and solution providers

WiFi vendors and solution providers

DAS, RRH and repeater solution providers

C-RAN solution providers

Wireless chipset & sub-component providers

Wireless technology/software solution providers

Wireless carriers

Backhaul infrastructure vendors and solution providers

WiFi network operators

Fixed line carriers

Wireless network infrastructure vendors

SON vendors

Application developers

Investment firms



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1.7 Companies Mentioned

The following companies have been reviewed, discussed or mentioned in the report:

3GPP ERCOM Rakon

3Roam Ericsson Rearden

4ipnet Ericsson-LG Red.es

4RF Errigal Redline Communications

6WIND Ethertronics Reliance Telecom

ABB Etisalat Renaissance Electronics & Communications

Ablaze

ETRI (Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute) Republic Wireless

Ablaze Wireless

ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) Retis

Accedian Networks Exalt Communications Reverb Networks

Accel Partners EXFO RF Connect

Accelleran ExteNet Systems RF Window

Accuris Networks Extreme Networks RFNet Technologies

AceAxis Eye-Fi RFS (Radio Frequency Systems)

Acer Fareastone Rogers Wireless

Acme Packet FastBack Networks Rosenberger ACS (Applied Communication Sciences)

Femtel (Suzhou Femtel Communications) Rothschild

Actelis Networks Fiberhome Technologies Ro-Timak Technology

Actiontec FibroLan R-TRON

Actix Firetide Ruckus Wireless

Actus Networks Flash Wireless SAF Tehnika

Adara Venture Partners FON Wireless Sagemcom

Adax Fortinet Saguna Networks

ADB Foundation Capital SAI Technology

ADI (Analog Devices Inc.) Foxcom Samsung

ADLINK Technology Free Mobile (France) Samsung Electronics ADRF (Advanced RF Technologies) Freescale Semiconductor Samsung Ventures Europe

ADTRAN Frog Capital SBA Communications

ADVA Optical Networking Front Porch Schema

Advanced RF Technologies Fujitsu Scottish Equity Partners

Advantech Wireless Fujitsu Siemens Senao Networks

Aepona Fullerton Engineering Consultants Sequoia Capital



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Aerohive Galtronics Sercom

Affarii Technologies GCI (General Communication Inc. ) SerComm

Affirmed Networks Gemtek Technology SFR

Agilent Technologies Genband Sharp

AICENT Genmix Technology Shasta Ventures

Airbus Defence & Space Gilat Satellite Networks Shaw Communications

Aircom International Global Telecom Holding (formerly Orascom)

SHL Group (Scandinavian Health Ltd.)

AirHop Communications Global Tower Partners Shyam Telecom

Airspan Networks GoNet Systems SIAE Microelectronics (SIAE Microelectronica)

Airvana Goodman Networks Siemens

AirWalk Google Siklu

AJ Telecom Group Gore (W. L. Gore & Associates) SingTel

AKM (Asahi Kasei Microdevices) GoS Networks Sistel Networks

ALAXALA Networks Granite Ventures SK Group

Albis Technologies Green Mountain Communications Inc. SK Telecom

Albtelecom Green Packet SK Telesys

Alcatel-Lucent GrenTech (China GrenTech Corporation) SkyFiber

ALCOMA GSMA (GSM Association) Skype

Alifabs Group GWT (Global Wireless Technologies) Small Cell Forum

Allied Data Technologies Handlink Technologies SMC Networks

Allied Telesis Haymaker Technologies Smith Micro Software

Alpha Networks HetNets Tower Corporation SoftBank

Altera HFR SoftBank Mobile

Altiostar Networks Hilton Solectek

Altobridge Hitachi SOLiD (SOLiD Technologies)

Alvarion Hitachi Cable Networks Southern Cross Venture Partners

AlwaysOn Hitachi CTA (Hitachi Communication Technologies America) SpiderCloud Wireless

Amadeus Capital Partners Honeywell Sprint

Amdocs HP Star Microwave

American Tower Corporation HSL (Hay Systems Limited) Star Solutions

Andrew Corporation HTC StarHub

Anite Huahuan Starwood

Anixter Huawei STC

Anritsu Corporation Huber and Suhner (H+S) Stoke

Anvaya Networks Hughes Network Systems Sub10 Systems

Anziva Technologies Hutchison Global Communications Sumitomo Electric Industries

Aoptix HXI Sunwave Communications

Aperto Networks Hypower Swisscom



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Applied Communication Sciences iBWave Sym Technology

Aptilo Networks iDirect Symena Arcadyan Technology Corporation IDS Technology Solutions Symmetricom

Argela Iliad Syniverse Technologies

Aria Imec Sysnet Integrators ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Businesses) – Japan Immix Wireless Taiwan Mobile

Aricent Index Ventures Talley

Arieso Indosat Tango Networks

ARItel InfoVista Taqua

Arqiva Ingenia Telecom Tarana Wireless

Arris InnerWireless Tata Elxsi

Artemis Networks INOC Tata Teleservices

Aruba Networks InPhase Wireless TDC

Askey Computer Corporation InSite Wireless TE Connectivity

ASOCS Intel Capital Technicolor

Astellia Intel Corporation Tecom

ASUS Intercontinental Hotel Group Tekelec

AT&T InterDigital TEKTELIC Communications

AT&T Mobility Intracom Telecom Telco Systems Athena Wireless Communications Intucell Systems Tele2 Sweden

Atomico ip.access Telefónica

Augere Bangladesh iPass Telefónica Moviles

August Capital IPITEK Telenor

Avanti Communications iPosi Telenor Group

Avaya ISCO International Telenor Sweden

AveA Iskratel TeliaSonera

Aviat Networks Isotrope Tellabs

AVM Iusacell Tellion AWTG (Advanced Wireless Technology Group) Ixia Tellumat

Axell Wireless Jafco Ventures Telrad Networks

Axis Teknologies JDSU Telsey

Axxcelera Jersey Telecom Telstra

Azcom Technology JMA Wireless Telum

Babilon-T Juni Global Telus Mobility

BandwidthX Juniper Networks Tempest Telecom

Batelco Kathrein-Werke KG TEOCO

Beeline KDDI TESSCO Technologies

BelAir Networks KEYMILE Texas Christian University



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Belgacom Keysight Technologies Texas Instruments

Bell Mobility KGP Logistics The Canadian Pension Plan Investment Board

Best Western Kineto Wireless The Cloud

Bewan Systems Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers The Family Office

Bharti Airtel KMW Communications Three UK BICS (Belgacom International Carrier Services) Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co TI (Texas Instruments)

Bird Technologies KPN TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) – USA

Birdstep Technology ASA KT (Korea Telecom) Tilgin

BL Companies Kumu Networks TIM (Telecom Italia Mobile)

Black & Veatch L-3 Communications TIM Brasil

Black Box Corporation Lantiq Time Warner Cable

BlackBerry Lattice Semiconductor TMC

BLiNQ Networks Lemko T-Mobile Austria

Blu Wireless Technology LG Electronics T-Mobile UK

BluWan LG Uplus T-Mobile USA

Boingo Wireless LightPointe Communications TOT Thailand

Boonton Electronics Lime Microsystems Towerstream Corporation

Bouygues Telecom lliad group TP-LINK

BridgeWave Communications Loea Corporation TRaC Global

Broadband Forum Lord & Company Technologies Trango Systems

Broadcom LSI Transit Wireless

BroadHop Madison Dearborn Partners Transmode

BroadSoft Marriott International Tranzeo Wireless Technologies

Brocade Matrix Partners Trendium

Browan Communications Mavenir Tropos Networks (ABB)

BSG Wireless Maverick Corporation TTA (Telecommunications Association) – Korea

BSkyB MAX4G TTC (Technology Committee) – Japan

BSNL Maxim Integrated Tulinx

BT Maxis (Malaysia) Turkcell

BTI Systems McWane TVM Capital GmbH

BTI Wireless MegaFon U.S. Cellular

BURCO Mentum Ubee Interactive

Byers Engineering Company MER Group Ubee-AirWalk Cable & Wireless Communications MER-CellO Wireless Solutions Ubidyne GmBH

CableFree Solutions Meru Networks Ubiquiti Networks

CableLabs Mesaplexx Ubiquoss

Cablevision metroPCS u-blox



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Cadence Design Systems Microlab (Wireless Telecom Group) UK Broadband

Calix Microsemi Corporation Union Wireless

Cambium Networks Microsoft University of Western Ontario

Canoga Perkins Microwave Networks Uniwill

Carlson Wireless Technologies MIKOM UTStarcom

Carolina West Wireless mimoOn Vectron International

Casa Systems MIMOtech Verizon Wireless

Cavium Mindspeed Technologies Vimpelcom Russia CBNL (Cambridge Broadband Networks Ltd.) Minieum Networks Virgin Media CCI (Communication Components Inc.) Mitsubishi Vitesse Semiconductor CCI (Competitive Companies, Inc.)/WyTec International MobileAccess Vodafone

CCI (Crown Castle International) Mobily Vodafone Australia

CCI Systems Moldtelecom Vodafone Canada CCS (Cambridge Communication Systems) Mosaic Telecom Vodafone Czech Republic CCSA (China Communications Standards Association) – China Motorola Mobility Vodafone Germany CDG (CDMA Development Group) Motorola Solutions Vodafone Greece

CeedTec Movilnet Venezuela Vodafone Hungary

Celcite Movistar Vodafone Ireland

Cell C South Africa MRV Communications Vodafone Italy

Cellcom MTC Vodafone Netherlands

Cellcom Israel MTI Mobile Vodafone New Zealand

CellO MTS (Mobile TeleSystems OJSC) Vodafone Portugal

Cellular Asset Management NASCAR Vodafone Qatar Cellular One of East Central Illinois Nash Technologies Vodafone Romania

Cellvine NEC Vodafone Spain

Cellwize Netgear Vodafone UK

Celtro Netgem VPIsystems

Ceragon Netia Poland Vubiq Networks

Charles River Ventures Network Norway Wataniya Telecom

China Mobile New Postcom Equipment Wave1

China Netcom NewPath Networks Wavesight China Telecom (China Telecommunications Corporation) Nexcomm Systems Wavion

China Unicom Nexius WebRadar China Unicom (China United Network Communications Group Company Limited) NextG Networks WeFi



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Chunghwa Telecom NextGenTel Wes-Tec

Cielo Networks Nextivity Westell Technologies

Ciena Corporation NextWave Wireless Westell Technologies

Cincintaci Bell NexxComm Wireless Wi-Ex

Cisco Node-H WiF Alliance

Claro Noisecom Wilson Electronics

ClearSky Nokia WiMAX Forum

Clearwire Nokia Networks Wintegra

Cloudberry Mobile Nomadix Wireless Broadband Alliance

CM Capital Nomor Research Wireless Wisconsin CMRI (China Mobile Research Institute) Nortel

WNC (Wistron NeWeb Corporation)

CNS Nsight WyLink

Cobham NTT Broadband Platform WyTec International

Cobham Antenna Systems NTT Communications Xavi Technologies

Coherent Logix NTT DoCoMo Xceed Technologies

Colt Telecom NTT-ME Xilinx

Comba Telecom Nutaq/ NuRAN Wireless Yamaha Comba Telecom Systems Holdings O2 (Telefonica UK) Yota Russia

Comcast Oceus Networks Zain Bahrain

CommScope Octasic Zain Kuwait

Comtech Korea Oi Brasil Zain Saudi Arabia

Comtrend OMA (Open Mobile Alliance) Z-com (ZDC Wireless)

Conexant Omantel Zebra Technologies

Connectivity Wireless Omnitron Systems Zhone Technologies

Contela OneAccess Networks Zinwave

Continuous Computing Opticon ZON Portugal

Coral Group Optimus Portugal ZTE

Corecess Option N.V. ZyXEL

Corning Optiway

Corning MobileAccess Optulink

Cosmote Optus

Cox Communications Opus Capital

Craig Wireless Oracle Corporation

Crown Castle Orange (France Telecom)

CS Corporation Orange Israel

CSI (Cellular Specialities, Inc.) Orange Romania

CTIA Overture Networks

Cuddy & Feder, LLP P.I. Works

Dali Wireless Pace

Dapu Telecom PCCW

DAS Advisers PCIA (Wireless Infrastructure Association)



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DASAN Networks Pennington Law Firm

Datang Group Percello

Datang Mobile Philips

Datang Telecom Phillips Lytle, LLP

Davis Wright Tremaine, LLP picoChip

Delta Partners Pletronics

DeltaNode PLTD Philippines (Smart Communications Inc.)

DesignArt Networks PMC-Sierra

Deutsche Telekom Polaris Networks

Devicescape Software Polewall

Direct Beam Positron

Dish Network Proxim Wireless

D-Link Corporation Psion

DoCoMo interTouch PT (Portugal Telecom)

Dongwon T&I PT Telkom

DragonWave PTS

Draka — Prysmian Group Public Mobile

Druid Software Public Wireless

Du PureWave Networks

E-Band Communications Quadriga Worldwide

E-Blink Qualcomm

EchoStar Qualcomm Atheros

ECI Telecom Qualcomm Technologies

Eden Rock Communications Quanta Computer

Edgewater Wireless Systems Qucell

EDX Wireless Quortus

EE (Everything Everywhere) RACOM

EION Wireless RAD Data Communications

Eircom RADCOM

Elva-1 (Elva-Link) Radisys

Enterprise Partners RADWIN



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Copyright SNS Research Ltd, 2014. All rights reserved.

This material is subject to the laws of copyright and is restricted to registered license-

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All SNS research reports & databases are intended to provide general information and

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investment advice. SNS Research and its employees disclaim all and any guarantees,

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estimates or forecasts contained in the reports.



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2.1.3 HetNets: An Evolution of Network Topology

Driven by both technical and economic incentives, the next performance leap in

mobile networks is coming from an evolution of network topology whereby

wireless carriers will utilize a mix of macrocells, DAS (Distributed Antenna

Systems) 1, small cells, C-RAN (Cloud Radio Access Networks) as well as WiFi access

points in both licensed and unlicensed part of the wireless spectrum.

.

Figure 2: HetNet Architecture

Source: SNS Research

1 Typically used with macrocells, small cells and WiFi deployments may also encompass DAS to improve coverage

Mobile Network Core

User Deployed Indoor

Small Cells

Wireless Broadband Router

Overlay Macrocell Network

Carrier Deployed Indoor/Outdoor Small Cells, DAS, C-RAN RRHs and WiFi

Access Points

Macrocell Backhaul Network

Small Cell Backhaul Network

Internet

Small Cell Fronthaul Network



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Figure 15: The HetNet Value Chain


Chipset

Developers

Embedded

Component/

Software

Providers

Pure-Play

Small Cell

OEMs

2G/3G/4G

Wireless Carriers

End Users

Embedded Technology Ecosystem

Connectivity Ecosystem

Consumer and

Enterprise Markets

SON Solution Providers

WiFi Access

Point OEMs

RAN Ecosystem

Macrocell RAN

OEMs

DAS &

Repeater

Solutions

Providers WiFi Connectivity

Providers

C- RAN

Solutions

Providers Small Cells as a

Service (SCaaS)

Providers

Backhaul &

Fronthaul Solution

Providers

Backhaul

Ecosystem

Other

Technology

Providers

Core Network

Solution

Providers

Mobile Core Ecosystem

SDN & NFV Solution Providers



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10.29 SpiderCloud Wireless

SpiderCloud Wireless is a pure-play provider of small cell solutions. Founded in

2006, the company is headquartered in San Jose, California. The company's

investors include Charles River Ventures, Matrix Partners, Opus Capital and Shasta

Ventures.

SpiderCloud’s small cell solution encompasses centralized coordination platforms

besides small cell nodes, to support better manageability and scalability, for large

scale indoor small cell deployments. Marketed as Enterprise RAN or simply E-RAN,

the solution combines service nodes, multi-access small cells, and SON

management software. The solution uses existing Ethernet infrastructure to

power the small cells that feed traffic back to a centralized services node, which in

turn connects to a wireless carrier's packet core.

By ensuring in-building call continuity via centralized management, SON8 features,

and soft handovers, E-RAN allows wireless carriers to deliver managed indoor

coverage solutions to large enterprises. Initially designed to support 3G and WiFi,

the company announced the addition of LTE support in Q4’2012.

Vodafone UK launched an indoor coverage solution (Sure Signal Premium) for

large enterprises based on SpiderCloud’s E-RAN in Q1’2014. The launch makes

8 As part of E-RAN’s SON capabilities, inter-cell and small-cell-to-macro network neighbor relations are

automatically learned and managed.



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11.27 Kathrein-Werke KG

Headquartered in Rosenheim, Germany, Kathrein-Werke KG is a global provider of

antenna systems and electronic components to support mobile, satellite and

wireline communications. In Q2’2013, Kathrein acquired Ubidyne GmBH, a digital

antenna technology specialist for small cells, macrocell and DAS networks.

Kathrein is widely recognized as a leading DAS vendor in the HetNet ecosystem,

and is also well positioned to capitalize on the emerging C-RAN opportunity.

In Q1’2014, the company launched its K-BOW Micro C-RAN system, which

aggregates data traffic with a centralized RAN platform and transmits multiple

combinations of signals to individual radio units. The CPRI-ready solution is

remotely-controlled over a network monitoring system so that capacity in any

area within the building can be easily increased or decreased.

Among its key features are support for multiband and multi-standard

deployments, allowing wireless carriers to deliver both 3G and 4G coverage

indoors, assign traffic dynamically between the bands (2.6 GHz, 2.1 GHz and 1.8

GHz), and upgrade, largely in software, to LTE-A features like MIMO and CoMP.



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15.14 Nokia Networks

Nokia Networks is a wireless infrastructure and data networking vendor

headquartered in Espoo, Finland. Formerly a joint venture between Nokia and

Siemens, Nokia acquired 100% of the company, with a buy-out of Siemens in

Q3’2013.

Besides leveraging its own customer base of wireless carriers, Nokia Networks has

maintained a dominant position in the wireless infrastructure ecosystem through

a series of acquisitions including Motorola’s wireless infrastructure business (in

Q2’2011) and Panasonic System Networks (in Q3’2014). The company has

operations in over 150 countries.

Nokia Networks has been an active player in the HetNet market from an early

stage18. Nokia Networks now offers a variety of solutions to address the market,

including small cells, RRH, DAS, backhaul, carrier WiFi, content delivery

networking and SON integration. In addition, the vendor also offers services to

analyze, plan, optimize and manage HetNet deployments.

Commercially launched in Q1’2014, Nokia’s Flexi Zone LTE microcell/picocell base

stations deliver the same processing power, capacity and features as the vendor’s

macro cell stations. The product also supports WiFi integration and traffic

18

Rather than developing its own femtocell, Nokia Networks initially sold femtocells from other vendors such as Ubiquisys, together with its own access gateway. The company has also partnered with Ruckus Wireless for its carrier WiFi solution offering.



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16.16 Broadcom

Broadcom designs and develops chipsets for wired and wireless network

infrastructure including WiFi and small cells. Founded in 1991, the semiconductor

giant has widened its scope and established leading positions in multiple product

categories, with a string of more than 50 acquisitions. The company is

headquartered in Irvine, California.

Broadcom acquired Percello for $86 Million in Q4’ 2010. At that time, Percello had

established a position in 3G femtocell SoC chipsets, supplying OEMs such as

Ubiquisys (now acquired by Cisco).

Since the acquisition, Broadcom has added other OEMs to its list of customers and

autonomously configure WiFi, provision the cell, and listen to traffic to mitigate

interference. Targeting the emerging TD-LTE market in China, Broadcom has also

included the China ZUC security algorithm/cypher in its chips, besides supporting

TD-SCDMA and TD-LTE standards.

In Q1’2014, Broadcom unveiled its new small cell SoC platform that delivers data

rates up to 300 Mbps, supports LTE carrier aggregation, and has a digital RF front

end. It features a dual core, quad-threaded Broadcom Zephyr processor that can

multitude of small cells, including Alcatel-Lucent, Huawei and Cisco.

continues to grow its market share. Broadcom’s chips are now included in a



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21.3 Mobile Fronthaul: Opportunities Beyond

C-RAN

In a C-RAN setup, fronthaul connects RRHs to BBUs, typically via

CPRI (see interface standards). Traffic from BBUs is then

backhauled to the mobile core. High bandwidth and low-latency

performance requirements between pooled BBUs and

distributed RRHs have driven wireless carriers to build their first

C-RAN deployments using dedicated, direct fiber connectivity.

Given the high costs of direct fiber connectivity, fronthaul is

widely seen as the most challenging barrier towards the adoption

of C-RAN.

However, an increasing number of deployments are now

considering cost-effective alternative options for fronthaul such

as WDM24 (Wavelength Division Multiplexing), OTN (Optical

Transmission Network) and even microwave. With WDM, just a

single or two fibers can cover tens of CPRI channels. Thus, fiber

costs can be lowered, and high-volume transmission is possible.

Furthermore, carriers can even monitor the quality of the

fronthaul network by running a self loopback test on active WDM

24

There are two types of WDM, passive and active. Passive WDM is inexpensive, requires no power supply, and has little latency or jitter. Hence, the distance between BBU and RRH can be maximized, without affecting performance much. So, costs can be significantly lowered compared to direct fiber connectivity. Active WDM, on the other hand, is bidirectional (single fiber) and it may cause latency and jitter, which should be kept under certain levels.

C-RAN Interface Standards

While CPRI is the predominant C-RAN interface standard, there are also efforts to move beyond CPRI for C-RAN and other HetNet deployments:

CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface): First developed by leading base station vendors in 2003, CPRI is a digital interface standard for encapsulating radio samples between a radio (RRH) and a digital baseband processing unit (BBU). The interface is not packet-based; rather signals are multiplexed in a low-latency timeslot-like fashion. Consequently, CPRI defines a maximum latency, a near zero jitter, and a near zero bit error rate. In practice, a value of 0.4 milliseconds for transport leaves an acceptable delay budget for processing requirements and propagation delay.

OBSAI (Open Base Station Architecture Initiative): Similar to CPRI, OBSAI was established in 2002 before CPRI. It has been adopted by some base station vendors including Samsung and Nokia. Aimed to build an open base station structure, OBSAI divides key features of a base station into modules, and interconnects the modules using an interface named RP (Reference Point). However, most global vendors have chosen CPRI over OBSAI.

ORI (Open Radio Interface): While CPRI standardizes the data plane, it lets the control plane remain vendor-specific. To address this issue and provide better compatibility among vendors, ORI was introduced by ETSI, with participation from both vendors and wireless carriers. ORI will build on CPRI and standardize the control plane, enabling operators to mix

and match equipment from various vendors.



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21.4 Accelerating the Transition to Military, Tactical & Public

Safety LTE Networks

The military and public safety sectors have traditionally relied on LMR (Land

Mobile Radio) systems to fulfill their mission-critical voice communications needs.

Although LMR systems support basic data capabilities as well, their speeds and

associated TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) are no match for commercial mobile

broadband standards such as LTE.

Technology 2015 2020

LTE $ 0.7 per GB $ 0.4 per GB

TETRA $ 14 per GB $ 10 per GB

APCO Project 25 $ 18 per GB $ 12 per GB

Figure 265: TCO Comparison between LTE and LMR Technologies


Fuelled by demands for a lower TCO and the ability to support data intensive

applications such as mobile video and situational awareness, LTE is now viewed as

the de-facto standard for future military and public safety networks.

Small cells are increasingly seen as a key enabler for bringing LTE to the military

and public safety verticals. Due to their portability, small cells can help establish

and maintain communications even when there is no access to traditional

infrastructure.



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Page 542

Eyeing the opportunity, a number of specialists OEMs have already made

significant advances in the sector. For example, many OEMs have successfully

embedded virtualized EPC capabilities within their small cell base station

products, which can enable small cells to be rapidly deployed on-demand, with no

need to connect to a remote centralized mobile core.

Figure 266: Global Military, Tactical & Public Safety LTE Small Cell Shipments:

2014 – 2020


SNS Research estimates that military, tactical and public safety LTE small cell

shipments will account for over $350 Million in revenue by the end of 2020,

following a CAGR of 45% over the 6 year period between 2014 and 2020.

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2,000

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