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THE HANDBOOKOF THE
BRITISH ASTRONOMICALASSOCIATION
2012
2011 October ISSN 0068-130-X
Saturn’s great white spot of 2011
ContentsCALENDAR 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2PREFACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3HIGHLIGHTS FOR 2012. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4SKY DIARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5VISIBILITY OF PLANETS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6RISING AND SETTING OF THE PLANETS IN LATITUDES 52°N AND 35°S. . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8ECLIPSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15TIME. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-17EARTH AND SUN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-20MOON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21SUN’S SELENOGRAPHIC COLONGITUDE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22MOONRISE AND MOONSET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-27LUNAR OCCULTATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-34GRAZING LUNAR OCCULTATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35-36PLANETS – EXPLANATION OF TABLES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37APPEARANCE OF PLANETS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38MERCURY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39-40VENUS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41MARS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-43ASTEROIDS AND DWARF PLANETS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-60JUPITER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61-64SATELLITES OF JUPITER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65-79SATURN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80-83SATELLITES OF SATURN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84-87URANUS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88NEPTUNE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89COMETS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90-96METEOR DIARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97-99VARIABLE STARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100-105
Algol; λ Tauri; RZ Cassiopeiae; Mira Stars; eta GeminorumEPHEMERIDES OF DOUBLE STARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106-107BRIGHT STARS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108ACTIVE GALAXIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109INTERNET RESOURCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110-111GREEK ALPHABET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111ERRATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Front Cover: Saturn’s great white spot of 2011: Image taken on 2011 March 21 00:10 UT by Damian Peach using a 356mm reflector and PGR Flea3 camera from Selsey, UK. Processed with Registax and Photoshop.
British Astronomical Association
HANDBOOK FOR 2012NINETY-FIRST YEAR OF PUBLICATION
BURLINGTON HOUSE, PICCADILLY, LONDON, W1J 0DUTelephone 020 7734 4145
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BAA Handbook 2012 Preface 3
PrefaCeThe Handbook has settled down into a fairly standard format and remains similar to that of 2011. In previous years my work as Director was greatly eased with the help of the Editor, Valerie White, whose death was a great loss. As we could not find a new editor in time, this Handbook has been edited by me in addition to my other tasks. I am particularly grateful to Andrew White who has once again typeset, proofread and assembled the manuscript for the printers, making this issue even more professional looking than before. I am also grateful to all the proofreaders, for checking their parts of the manuscript before printing.The Computing Section website now has a great many new and useful additions to help observers, and full details can be found on the outside back cover. As before it also contains the following constant and unchanging information: Bright Galaxies; Sun, Moon and Planets - Physical Data; Planetary Satellites - Physical and Orbital Data; Radio Time Signals; Conversion Formulae; Telescope Data; Astronomical and Physical Constants; and Miscellaneous Data. For those without access, printed copies are available from the BAA Office.Andrew Sinclair provided all the tables and diagrams for Saturn’s satellites, the two diagrams for the rising and setting of planets, and the diagram of the appearance of the planets.Lunar occultation and graze predictions were previously generated by Andrew Elliott, however following his untimely death these are now done by Tim Haymes and Dr Eberhard Riedel of the International Occultation Timing Association (IOTA/ES). Lunar libration data is from Ken Hall.Barry Leggett prepared the table of the satellites of Jupiter from data supplied by William Thuillot of the Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides, who also supplied the diagrams of Jupiter’s satellites. Similar diagrams for the satellites of Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, are not included but can be readily obtained from other sources e.g. WinJupos software, which can be freely downloaded from the internet. In addition, the revised Computing Section website has an applet showing the positions of the main satellites of Saturn. In future, if there is a demand, it may be possible to include similar applets for the satellites of Uranus and Neptune.Solar and lunar eclipse maps and diagrams were provided by Fred Espenak, previously of the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center who also provided the Venus Transit world map. Xavier Jubier provided the Geocentric view of the Venus Transit. Richard Miles provided the data on minor planets and dwarf planets. Jonathan Shanklin contributed the comet data and John Mason prepared the Meteor Diary.Des Loughney prepared the information on eclipsing binaries. The information for variable stars was provided by John Toone. John Isles contributed the data on Mira and double stars. Tony Evans provided the ephemerides for Mercury, Venus and Mars and the data for Mars’ central meridian. Graham Relf (the Computing Section webmaster) produced the path diagrams for Uranus and Neptune which have been revamped to produce more detail.Gordon Taylor has also stepped back into his previous role and provided much of the data that I had taken over for the 2011 issue, for this I am most grateful. Many of the worked examples have been provided by Dr Rosalind Armson who will take over as editor for the 2013 edition of the Handbook.Any data not mentioned above has been provided by the Director.Unless stated otherwise, the IAU convention for ephemerides has been used in the tables i.e. JD ending in .5 as opposed to .0, thus all data are tabulated for 0h UT on the date indicated.
SHERIDAN WILLIAMS Director, Computing SectionThe Clock TowerStockgrove ParkLeighton BuzzardBedfordshireLU7 0BG
4 Highlights BAA Handbook 2012
HigHligHts for 2012The following events during 2012 are worthy of note:
sun and Moon:There will be four eclipses, two of the Sun and two of the Moon (see p.9-13). The two solar eclipses are both central – one being annular, the other total. The two lunar eclipses are partial and penumbral respectively and only the latter is visible from Britain.
Planets:Undoubtedly this year’s planetary highlight must be the last Transit of Venus in our lifetime. This occurs on June 6 and the end of the transit is visible from Britain (see p.14-15).There are several occultations of Jupiter by the Moon throughout the year, but the event on July 15 at about 0200 UT is visible from southern Britain.Uranus’ moon Oberon (mag. 14) passes 1 arcsec from the star 44 Psc (mag. 6) on September 23 at about 1300 UT.
asteroids and dwarf Planets:Jan. 31 Closest approach (0.179 AU) of asteroid (433) Eros (V=8.6).Oct. 18 - Nov. 10 Near-Earth asteroid (214869) 2007 PA8 will be easily observable (V<13.0).Dec. 9 - Dec. 31 Near-Earth asteroid (4179) Toutatis will be easily observable (V<12.0).
Favourable apparitions of asteroids (7102) Neilbone at V=14.4 on July 22 and (6092) Johnmason at V=14.4 on August 9.
Meteors:Dec. 13 ~1900 UT Geminids – very favourable shower with little or no interference from the Moon.
Comets:2009P1 (Garradd) will be at its brightest in the first quarter of the year when it should be a binocular or brighter object.
Space Probes and Artificial Satellites:Predictions for the International Space Station and other bright satellites can be found for your geographic location at: http://www.heavens-above.com
Highlights by date:Jan. 31 Asteroid Eros brightest at magnitude 8.6Mar. 3 Mars at oppositionApr. 15 Saturn at oppositionMay 20 Annular Eclipse of the SunJun. 4 Partial eclipse of the MoonJun. 6 Transit of VenusJul. 14 Comet Machholz peak magnitudeJul. 15 Grazing occultation of Jupiter and its moonsSep. 23 Oberon passes 1 arcsec of star 44 PscNov. 13 Total eclipse of the SunNov. 28 Penumbral eclipse of the MoonDec. 13 Geminid meteor showerDec. 16 Asteroid Toutatis brightest at magnitude 10.5
BAA Handbook 2012 Sky Diary 5
sky diary(see p.37 for explanation )
m d h Phenomena m d h Phenomena 1 03 03 Moon 5° N of Jupiter 7 15 15 Moon 4° N of Venus 1 04 06 Meteors - Quadrantids 7 20 08 Moon 1° S of Mercury 1 13 07 Neptune 1° N of Venus 7 24 22 Moon 4° S of Mars 1 22 14 Moon 5° N of Mercury 7 28 20 Mercury Inf. Conj. Sun 1 30 15 Moon 5° N of Jupiter 8 06 17 Moon 5° N of Uranus
2 07 09 Mercury Sup. Conj. Sun 8 11 21 Moon 0.1° S of Jupiter 2 10 05 Uranus 0.3° S of Venus 8 12 10 Meteors - Perseids 2 14 00 Neptune 1° N of Mercury 8 13 20 Moon 1° N of Venus 2 19 21 Neptune Conj. Sun 8 15 09 Venus Gt. Elong. West 2 25 22 Moon 3° N of Venus 8 16 05 Moon 4° S of Mercury
2 27 06 Moon 4° N of Jupiter 8 17 08 Saturn 3° N of Mars 3 03 20 Mars Opposition Sun 8 22 03 Moon 5° S of Saturn 3 05 00 Mars closest to Earth 8 22 08 Moon 2° S of Mars 3 06 23 Uranus 3° S of Mercury 8 24 13 Neptune Opposition Sun 3 15 10 Jupiter 3° S of Venus 9 02 24 Moon 5° N of Uranus
3 16 02 Uranus 5° S of Mercury 9 08 11 Moon 1° S of Jupiter 3 21 19 Mercury Inf. Conj. Sun 9 10 13 Mercury Sup. Conj. Sun 3 22 13 Moon 2° N of Mercury 9 12 17 Moon 4° S of Venus 3 24 18 Uranus Conj. Sun 9 18 14 Moon 5° S of Saturn 3 25 00 Mercury closest to Earth 9 19 21 Moon 0.2° S of Mars
3 26 00 Moon 3° N of Jupiter 9 29 07 Uranus Opposition Sun 3 26 18 Moon 2° S of Venus 9 30 05 Moon 5° N of Uranus 3 27 8 Venus Gt. Elong. East 10 03 08 Regulus 0.1° N of Venus 4 15 18 Saturn Opposition Sun 10 05 21 Moon 1° S of Jupiter 4 18 17 Mercury Gt. Elong. West 10 06 07 Saturn 3° N of Mercury
4 22 02 Uranus 2° N of Mercury 10 16 05 Moon 5° S of Saturn 4 22 19 Moon 2° N of Jupiter 10 17 02 Moon 1° N of Mercury 5 04 00 Venus most northerly 10 18 13 Moon 2° N of Mars 5 06 04 Moon closest perigee 10 25 09 Saturn Conj. Sun 5 12 21 Vesta 3° S of Mercury 10 27 10 Moon 5° N of Uranus
5 13 13 Jupiter Conj. Sun 11 02 01 Moon 1° S of Jupiter 5 19 16 Moon furthest apogee 11 11 18 Moon 5° S of Venus 5 19 24 Juno Opposition Sun 11 12 21 Moon 4° S of Saturn 5 20 06 Moon 2° N of Mercury 11 13 22 Total Solar eclipse 5 20 13 Moon 2° N of Jupiter 11 14 10 Moon 1° N of Mercury
5 21 00 Annular Solar eclipse 11 16 10 Moon 4° N of Mars 5 22 07 Jupiter 0.4° S of Mercury 11 17 16 Mercury Inf. Conj. Sun 5 22 21 Moon 5° S of Venus 11 23 14 Moon 5° N of Uranus 5 27 11 Mercury Sup. Conj. Sun 11 27 05 Saturn 0.6° N of Venus 6 01 20 Venus 0.2° S of Mercury 11 27 11 Pluto 5° N of Mars
6 04 11 Partial Lunar eclipse 11 28 15 Penumbral Lunar eclipse 6 06 01 Venus transit 11 29 01 Moon 1° S of Jupiter 6 13 01 Moon 5° N of Uranus 12 03 02 Jupiter Opposition Sun 6 17 08 Moon 1° N of Jupiter 12 10 13 Moon 4° S of Saturn 6 18 01 Moon 2° N of Venus 12 11 14 Moon 2° S of Venus
6 29 15 Pluto Opposition Sun 12 12 01 Moon 1° S of Mercury 7 01 02 Mercury Gt. Elong. East 12 13 19 Meteors - Geminids 7 04 10 Pallas 3° N of Uranus 12 18 09 Ceres Opposition Sun 7 06 14 Ceres 3° S of Jupiter 12 20 20 Moon 5° N of Uranus 7 10 09 Moon 5° N of Uranus 12 26 00 Moon 0.4° S of Jupiter
7 15 03 Moon 1° N of Jupiter note: For long duration events such as eclipses and transits, the date/time given are for the central/maximum of the event (to the nearest hour).
6 Visibility of Planets BAA Handbook 2012
visibility of PlanetsThe diagrams on p.7-8, drawn for latitudes N 52° and S 35° respectively, show the times for the ac-tual risings and settings of the Sun and the planets. The beginning and end of astronomical twilight (Sun 18° below horizon) is also shown. The times are in LMT and are thus in GMT (= UT) for the Greenwich Meridian.
Since dates change at midnight, the dates at the top differ by one day from those at the foot. Each vertical line, followed upwards, indicates the succession of phenomena in the course of one night. Thus, in latitude N 52° on the night of February 19-20, Mars rises at 18h 45m, Uranus sets at 20h 15m, Saturn rises at 22h 45m and Jupiter sets at 23h 20m. (Timings derived from diagram to nearest 5 min-utes.)
The UT of any phenomenon seen from elsewhere than on the Greenwich Meridian may be obtained as follows:
Subtract1. the longitude east of Greenwich, expressed in time. This applies both to rising and to setting times.Add2. the correction, Δh, from the table below for setting times and subtract it for rising times. The correction should be obtained by interpolating in both latitude and declination.
Thus: Rising time = time from diagram – longitude – Δh Setting time = time from diagram – longitude + Δh
Example: Glasgow, W 0h 17m, N 55°.9. Date February 19. Saturn rises at 22h 45m from the diagram on p.7. Declination of Saturn (by interpolation of data on p.80) –8°.8; Δh = –7m. Saturn rises at Glasgow at 22h 45m – (–0h 17m) – (–7m) = 23h 09m
Δh TABLE
Latitude Dec. Latitude N 58° N 55° N 50° N 40° N 30° N 20° 0° S 20° S 25° S 30° S 40° S 45° m m m m m m ° m m m m m m
+69 +29 -15 -70 -106 -134 29 +91 +45 +31 +17 -20 -43 +62 +26 -14 -66 -100 -127 28 +87 +43 +30 +16 -19 -41 +56 +24 -13 -62 -94 -120 27 +84 +41 +29 +15 -18 -39 +51 +22 -12 -58 -89 -114 26 +80 +39 +27 +14 -17 -37 +46 +20 -12 -54 -84 -107 25 +76 +37 +26 +14 -16 -35 +31 +14 -8 -40 -63 -81 20 +59 +29 +20 +11 -12 -26 +21 +10 -6 -28 -45 -58 15 +43 +21 +15 +8 -9 -19 +13 +6 -4 -18 -29 -37 10 +28 +14 +10 +5 -6 -12 +6 +3 -2 -9 -14 -18 5 +14 +7 +5 +2 -3 -6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
If Dec. is negative, reverse the sign of Δh.
BAA Handbook 2012 Visibility of Planets 7
ris
ing
an
d s
et
tin
g o
f Pl
an
et
s
111 10
21 20
31 30
10 9
20 19
1 29
11 10
21 20
31 30
10 9
20 19
30 29
10 9
20 19
30 29
9 8
19 18
29 28
9 8
19 18
29 28
8 7
18 17
28 27
7 6
17 16
27 26
7 6
17 16
27 26
6 5
16 15
26 25
6 5
16 15
26 25JA
N
JAN
FEB
FEB
MA
R
MA
R
AP
R
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MA
Y
MA
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JUN
JUN
JUL
JUL
AU
G
AU
G
SE
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NO
V
NO
V
DE
C
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1616
1717
1818
1919
2020
2121
2222
2323
00
11
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
LATI
TUD
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GR
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TS O
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201
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JUP. r
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SAT. se
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SAT.
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URAN.rises
NEPT.se
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8 Visibility of Planets BAA Handbook 2012
ris
ing
an
d s
et
tin
g o
f Pl
an
et
s
111 10
21 20
31 30
10 9
20 19
1 29
11 10
21 20
31 30
10 9
20 19
30 29
10 9
20 19
30 29
9 8
19 18
29 28
9 8
19 18
29 28
8 7
18 17
28 27
7 6
17 16
27 26
7 6
17 16
27 26
6 5
16 15
26 25
6 5
16 15
26 25JA
N
JAN
FEB
FEB
MA
R
MA
R
AP
R
AP
R
MA
Y
MA
Y
JUN
JUN
JUL
JUL
AU
G
AU
G
SE
P
SE
P
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T
OC
T
NO
V
NO
V
DE
C
DE
C
1616
1717
1818
1919
2020
2121
2222
2323
00
11
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
LATI
TUD
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35°
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RID
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NEPT.se
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BAA Handbook 2012 Eclipses 9
eCliPses
During 2012 there will be four eclipses, two of the Sun and two of the Moon.
1. An annular eclipse of the Sun on May 20 is visible as a partial eclipse from the North Pole, east Asia, the north Pacific and western North America. The partial phase begins at 22h 06m and ends at 01h 39m (May 21). The annular phase starts in eastern China, crosses Hong Kong, and northern Taiwan, into southern Japan including Tokyo and across the entire Pacific entering western USA just north of San Francisco, ending just east of Albuquerque. At the point of greatest eclipse, the maximum duration is 5m 46s.
Local Circumstances Begins EndsPlace Longitude Latitude Ph. UT PA UT PA Mag. ° ° h m ° h m ° Hong Kong E 113.924 N 22.306 A 22 06.7 289 22 10.4 040 95%Shanghai E 121.476 N 31.222 P 21 15.0 250 23 33.0 079 87%Tokyo E 139.702 N 35.684 A 22 32.0 250 22 37.1 076 97%San Francisco W 122.410 N 37.779 P 0 16.0 276 2 40.0 088 90%Albuquerque W 106.644 N 35.093 A 1 33.6 269 1 38.1 095 96%
2. A partial eclipse of the Moon on June 4 is visible from east Asia, Australia, the west and central Americas and the Pacific Ocean. The partial eclipse begins at 10h 00m and ends at 12h 06m. At maximum eclipse 37% of the Moon’s surface is obscured.
3. A total eclipse of the Sun on November 13 is visible as a partial eclipse from Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific. The partial phase begins at 20h 35m and ends at 23h 48m. The path of totality starts in northern Australia, enters the Pacific at Cairns and does not touch land again. At the point of greatest eclipse, the maximum duration is 4m 2s.
Local Circumstances Begins EndsPlace Longitude Latitude Ph. UT PA UT PA Mag. ° ° h m ° h m ° Cairns E 145.920 S 16.904 T 20 38.6 119 20 40.6 277 100%Darwin* E 130.847 S 12.469 P 19 47.5 287 21 31.0 105 97%Brisbane E 153.018 S 27.469 P 19 56.0 298 21 58.0 098 83%Sydney E 151.210 S 33.852 P 20 07.0 307 22 03.0 088 67%Adelaide E 138.625 S 34.931 P 20 12.0 315 21 52.0 078 52%Auckland E 174.770 S 36.862 P 20 18.0 297 22 44.0 099 87%* eclipse maximum at sunrise
4. A penumbral eclipse of the Moon on November 28 is visible from Europe, East Africa, Asia, Australia, the Pacific and most of North America. The penumbral phase begins at 12h 15m and ends at 16h 50m. The penumbral magnitude is 0.9155 which means the Moon never completely enters the Earth’s penumbra.
10 Eclipses BAA Handbook 2012
annular solar eclipse of 2012 May 20
N
S
N
S
W E
Kilometers 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
F. Espenak, NASA’s GSFC
eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html
Annular Solar Eclipse of 2012 May 20
Ecliptic Conjunction = 23:48:07.8 TD ( = 23:47:01.2 UT )
Greatest Eclipse = 23:53:53.3 TD ( = 23:52:46.6 UT )
Eclipse Magnitude = 0.9439 Gamma = 0.4828
Saros Series = 128 Member = 58 of 73
Sun at Greatest Eclipse(Geocentric Coordinates)
R.A. = 03h52m43.0s
Dec. = +20°13'15.1"
S.D. = 00°15'48.1"
H.P. = 00°00'08.7"
Moon at Greatest Eclipse(Geocentric Coordinates)
R.A. = 03h52m30.7s
Dec. = +20°39'06.3"
S.D. = 00°14'43.3"
H.P. = 00°54'01.7"
External/InternalContacts of Penumbra
P1 = 20:56:07.0 UT
P4 = 02:49:21.5 UT
External/InternalContacts of Umbra
U1 = 22:06:16.9 UT
U2 = 22:11:46.7 UT
U3 = 01:33:42.6 UT
U4 = 01:39:10.9 UTLocal Circumstances at Greatest Eclipse
Lat. = 49°05.7'N Sun Alt. = 60.9°
Long. = 176°16.5'E Sun Azm. = 171.0°
Path Width = 236.9 km Duration = 05m46.3s
Constants & Ephemeris
!T = 66.7 s
k1 = 0.2724880
k2 = 0.2722810
!b = 0.0" !l = 0.0"
Eph. = VSOP87/ELP2000-85
Geocentric Libration(Optical + Physical)
l = -1.31°
b = -0.56°
c = -13.67°
Brown Lun. No. = 1106
22:00 UT
22:30 UT
23:0
0 U
T
23:3
0 U
T
00:0
0 U
T
00:3
0 U
T
01:0
0 U
T
01:3
0 U
T
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
Generated on 2011 Jun 06
Greatest Eclipse
Sub Solar
P1
P4
Path of Annular Eclipse
BAA Handbook 2012 Eclipses 11
Partial lunar eclipse of 2012 Jun 04Partial Lunar Eclipse of 2012 Jun 04
Ecliptic Conjunction = 11:12:39.9 TD ( = 11:11:33.2 UT )
Greatest Eclipse = 11:04:20.0 TD ( = 11:03:13.4 UT )
Penumbral Magnitude = 1.3184 P. Radius = 1.2926° Gamma = 0.8247
Umbral Magnitude = 0.3705 U. Radius = 0.7671° Axis = 0.8389°
Saros Series = 140 Member = 25 of 80
Ecliptic
N
S
E W
P1U1Greatest
U4P4
Earth´s Penumbra
Earth´s Umbra
Sun at Greatest Eclipse(Geocentric Coordinates)
R.A. = 04h51m33.3s
Dec. = +22°30'16.0"
S.D. = 00°15'45.9"
H.P. = 00°00'08.7"
Moon at Greatest Eclipse(Geocentric Coordinates)
R.A. = 16h51m37.6s
Dec. = -21°39'56.5"
S.D. = 00°16'37.9"
H.P. = 01°01'02.3"
Eclipse Durations
Penumbral = 04h30m09s
Umbral = 02h06m37s
Eclipse Contacts
P1 = 08:48:09 UT
U1 = 09:59:53 UT
U4 = 12:06:30 UT
P4 = 13:18:17 UT
!T = 67 s
Rule = CdT (Danjon)
Eph. = VSOP87/ELP2000-85
Arc-Minutes 0 15 30 45 60
2011 Jun 07
F. Espenak, NASA’s GSFCeclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html
180° W 120° W 60° W 0° 60° E 120° E 180° E
Longitude
60° S
30° S
0°
30° N
60° N
Latitu
de
P1P1 U1U1 U4U4 P4P4
All Eclipse Visible
No Eclipse Visible
Eclipse at MoonRise
Eclipse at MoonSet
12 Eclipses BAA Handbook 2012
total solar eclipse of 2012 nov 13
N
S
W E
N
S
W E
N
S
W E
Kilometers 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
F. Espenak, NASA’s GSFC
eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html
Total Solar Eclipse of 2012 Nov 13
Ecliptic Conjunction = 22:09:06.6 TD ( = 22:07:59.8 UT )
Greatest Eclipse = 22:12:55.0 TD ( = 22:11:48.2 UT )
Eclipse Magnitude = 1.0500 Gamma = -0.3719
Saros Series = 133 Member = 45 of 72
Sun at Greatest Eclipse(Geocentric Coordinates)
R.A. = 15h18m06.7s
Dec. = -18°15'02.7"
S.D. = 00°16'09.9"
H.P. = 00°00'08.9"
Moon at Greatest Eclipse(Geocentric Coordinates)
R.A. = 15h17m51.2s
Dec. = -18°37'29.7"
S.D. = 00°16'42.4"
H.P. = 01°01'19.0"
External/InternalContacts of Penumbra
P1 = 19:37:58.1 UT
P2 = 21:43:42.5 UT
P3 = 22:39:44.4 UT
P4 = 00:45:34.1 UT
External/InternalContacts of Umbra
U1 = 20:35:08.4 UT
U2 = 20:37:03.7 UT
U3 = 23:46:27.5 UT
U4 = 23:48:24.1 UTLocal Circumstances at Greatest Eclipse
Lat. = 39°57.6'S Sun Alt. = 67.9°
Long. = 161°20.2'W Sun Azm. = 11.4°
Path Width = 179.0 km Duration = 04m02.2s
Constants & Ephemeris
!T = 66.8 s
k1 = 0.2724880
k2 = 0.2722810
!b = 0.0" !l = 0.0"
Eph. = VSOP87/ELP2000-85
Geocentric Libration(Optical + Physical)
l = -0.97°
b = 0.52°
c = 16.49°
Brown Lun. No. = 1112
21:0
0 U
T
21:3
0 U
T
22:0
0 U
T
22:3
0 U
T
23:0
0 U
T
23:3
0 U
T
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
Generated on 2011 Jun 06
Greatest Eclipse
Sub Solar P1
P2
P3
P4
Path of Total Eclipse
BAA Handbook 2012 Eclipses 13
Penumbral lunar eclipse of 2012 nov 28Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2012 Nov 28
Ecliptic Conjunction = 14:47:02.9 TD ( = 14:45:56.1 UT )
Greatest Eclipse = 14:34:06.8 TD ( = 14:33:00.0 UT )
Penumbral Magnitude = 0.9155 P. Radius = 1.1811° Gamma = -1.0868
Umbral Magnitude = -0.1872 U. Radius = 0.6406° Axis = 0.9774°
Saros Series = 145 Member = 11 of 71
Ecliptic
N
S
E W
P1Greatest
P4
Earth´s Penumbra
Earth´s Umbra
Sun at Greatest Eclipse(Geocentric Coordinates)
R.A. = 16h19m43.5s
Dec. = -21°26'15.1"
S.D. = 00°16'12.9"
H.P. = 00°00'08.9"
Moon at Greatest Eclipse(Geocentric Coordinates)
R.A. = 04h20m01.1s
Dec. = +20°27'44.8"
S.D. = 00°14'42.2"
H.P. = 00°53'57.7"
Eclipse Durations
Penumbral = 04h36m05s
Eclipse Contacts
P1 = 12:14:58 UT
P4 = 16:51:02 UT
!T = 67 s
Rule = CdT (Danjon)
Eph. = VSOP87/ELP2000-85
Arc-Minutes 0 15 30 45 60
2011 Jun 07
F. Espenak, NASA’s GSFCeclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html
180° W 120° W 60° W 0° 60° E 120° E 180° E
Longitude
60° S
30° S
0°
30° N
60° N
Latitu
de
P1P1 P4P4
All Eclipse Visible
No Eclipse Visible
Eclipse at MoonRise
Eclipse at MoonSet
14 Eclipses BAA Handbook 2012
transit of venus of 2012 Jun 06
Diagram courtesy of Xavier M. Jubier (http://xjubier.free.fr/)
location sunrise sunset i ii g iii iv London 03:45 20:13 - - - 04:37 04:55 Cardiff 03:58 20:26 - - - 04:37 04:55 York 03:35 20:32 - - - 04:37 04:55 Exeter 04:03 20:23 - - - 04:37 04:55 Edinburgh 03:30 20:54 - - - 04:37 04:55 Inverness 03:23 21:09 - - - 04:37 04:55 Lerwick 02:46 21:22 - - - 04:37 04:54 Belfast 03:51 20:55 - - - 04:37 04:55 Reykjavik* 03:11 23:44 22:04 22:21 - 04:36 04:54 Los Angeles 12:40 03:02 22:06 22:24 01:25 - - Hawaii 14:19 05:04 22:10 22:28 01:26 04:26 04:45 Tokyo 19:25 09:54 22:11 22:28 01:30 04:30 04:47 Sydney 19:26 06:53 22:16 22:34 01:30 04:26 04:44 Wellington 18:02 04:58 22:16 22:34 01:29 04:26 04:44
Times are UT g= time of mid transit. *Reykjavik: The Sun sets for over 3 hours from 23:44 to 03:11 missing mid transit.
BAA Handbook 2012 Eclipses 15
transit of venus of 2012 Jun 06
16 Time BAA Handbook 2012
In critical cases ascend.For greater accuracy (±0S.2) use the equation
GST (at 0h UT) = 6h.604971 + 0h.06570982 dwhere d is the number of days from January 0.Here the sidereal time is actually the mean sidereal time. The difference between mean and apparent sidereal time is never more than about 1.2 seconds.
local sidereal time (LST) and local Hour angle (LHA) are found from LST = GST + λ LHA = LST - RAWhere λ is the longitude, expressed in time, measured positive eastwards from Greenwich.
the Julian date, in which the day begins at noon, is used in accurate computing work and is given in the table on p.17.
the sun’s longitude is used as a measure of time in meteor work. It may be interpolated from the table on p.17.
tiMeUniversal time (UT, Greenwich Mean Time beginning at midnight) is used generally throughout the Handbook.
terrestrial time (TT) is the uniform time system which is used in computing the ephemerides of the bodies of the Solar System. TT is currently ahead of UT by a small amount ΔT which must be determined by observations; thus
TT = UT + ΔTThe value of ΔT for 2012 is estimated to be about 67 seconds.
greenwich Mean astronomical time (GMAT), or Greenwich Mean Time beginning at noon, was in use before 1925 January 1, and many astronomical records prior to that date are referred to this system. To convert UT to GMAT subtract 12 hours, and to convert GMAT to UT add 12 hours.
greenwich sidereal time (GST) is given in the table on p.17 at 0h UT. It may be obtained with sufficient accuracy for setting the circles of a telescope at any other time by adding 3m.94 for every complete day after a tabulated date, together with the correction for parts of a day from the critical table which follows:
h m h m h m h m 0 00.0 m 5 46.9 m 11 52.2 m 17 57.4 m 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 0 18.2 6 23.5 12 28.7 18 33.9 0.1 1.1 2.1 3.1 0 54.7 7 00.0 13 05.3 19 10.5 0.2 1.2 2.2 3.2 1 31.3 7 36.5 13 41.7 19 47.0 0.3 1.3 2.3 3.3 2 07.8 8 13.0 14 18.3 20 23.5 0.4 1.4 2.4 3.4 2 44.3 8 49.6 14 54.8 21 00.0 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 3 20.8 9 26.1 15 31.3 21 36.6 0.6 1.6 2.6 3.6 3 57.4 10 02.6 16 07.8 22 13.1 0.7 1.7 2.7 3.7 4 33.9 10 39.1 16 44.4 22 49.6 0.8 1.8 2.8 3.8 5 10.4 11 15.6 17 20.9 23 26.1 0.9 1.9 2.9 3.9 5 46.9 11 52.2 17 57.4 24 02.7 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 6 23.5 12 28.7 18 33.9 24 39.2
BAA Handbook 2012 Time 17
tiMe
Julian Sun's Long. Julian Sun's Long.2012 Date GST 2000.0 2012 Date GST 2000.0 2455 h m o 2456 h m o.Jan. -1 925.5 6 32.37 277.76 Jul. 2 110.5 18 41.75 100.35 5.10 4.77 4 930.5 6 52.09 282.85 7 115.5 19 01.46 105.12 5.10 4.77 9 935.5 7 11.80 287.95 12 120.5 19 21.18 109.89 5.09 4.77 14 940.5 7 31.51 293.04 17 125.5 19 40.89 114.66 5.09 4.77 19 945.5 7 51.23 298.13 22 130.5 20 00.60 119.43 5.09 4.78 24 950.5 8 10.94 303.22 27 135.5 20 20.32 124.20 5.08 4.78 29 955.5 8 30.65 308.31 Aug. 1 140.5 20 40.03 128.98 5.08 4.79Feb. 3 960.5 8 50.36 313.38 6 145.5 20 59.74 133.77 5.07 4.79 8 965.5 9 10.08 318.45 11 150.5 21 19.45 138.56 5.06 4.80 13 970.5 9 29.79 323.51 16 155.5 21 39.17 143.37 5.05 4.81 18 975.5 9 49.50 328.56 21 160.5 21 58.88 148.18 5.04 4.82 23 980.5 10 09.22 333.60 26 165.5 22 18.59 152.99 5.03 4.83 28 985.5 10 28.93 338.63 31 170.5 22 38.31 157.83 5.02 4.84Mar. 4 990.5 10 48.64 343.65 Sep. 5 175.5 22 58.02 162.67 5.00 4.85 9 995.5 11 08.35 348.65 10 180.5 23 17.73 167.52 2456 4.99 4.87 14 0.5 11 28.07 353.65 15 185.5 23 37.44 172.39 4.98 4.88 19 5.5 11 47.78 358.62 20 190.5 23 57.16 177.26 4.96 4.89 24 10.5 12 07.49 3.59 25 195.5 0 16.87 182.16 4.95 4.91 29 15.5 12 27.20 8.54 30 200.5 0 36.58 187.06 4.94 4.92Apr. 3 20.5 12 46.92 13.47 Oct. 5 205.5 0 56.29 191.98 4.92 4.93 8 25.5 13 06.63 18.40 10 210.5 1 16.01 196.92 4.91 4.95 13 30.5 13 26.34 23.30 15 215.5 1 35.72 201.87 4.89 4.96 18 35.5 13 46.06 28.20 20 220.5 1 55.43 206.83 4.88 4.98 23 40.5 14 05.77 33.08 25 225.5 2 15.15 211.81 4.87 4.99 28 45.5 14 25.48 37.94 30 230.5 2 34.86 216.80 4.85 5.00 May 3 50.5 14 45.19 42.80 Nov. 4 235.5 2 54.57 221.80 4.84 5.02 8 55.5 15 04.91 47.64 9 240.5 3 14.28 226.82 4.83 5.03 13 60.5 15 24.62 52.47 14 245.5 3 34.00 231.84 4.82 5.04 18 65.5 15 44.33 57.29 19 250.5 3 53.71 236.88 4.81 5.05 23 70.5 16 04.05 62.10 24 255.5 4 13.42 241.93 4.80 5.06 28 75.5 16 23.76 66.91 29 260.5 4 33.14 246.99 4.79 5.07Jun. 2 80.5 16 43.47 71.70 Dec. 4 265.5 4 52.85 252.06 4.79 5.08 7 85.5 17 03.19 76.49 9 270.5 5 12.56 257.14 4.78 5.08 12 90.5 17 22.90 81.27 14 275.5 5 32.28 262.22 4.78 5.09 17 95.5 17 42.61 86.04 19 280.5 5 51.99 267.31 4.77 5.09 22 100.5 18 02.32 90.82 24 285.5 6 11.70 272.40 4.77 5.09 27 105.5 18 22.04 95.59 29 290.5 6 31.42 277.49 4.77 5.10
The precession in longitude from 2000.0 to 2012.0 is +0.17 degrees and from 2000.0 to 1950.0 is -0.70 degrees.
18 Earth and Sun BAA Handbook 2012
eartHPerihelion Jan. 5 00h 32m (147,097,207 km 0.983284094 AU)Aphelion Jul. 5 03h 32m (152,092,424 km 1.016675058 AU)
Equinoxes Mar. 20d 5h 14m Sep. 22d 14h 49m Solstices Jun. 20d 23h 09m Dec. 21d 11h 12m Obliquity 2000.0 23°.43929 2012.0 23°.43772
sUnThe tables on p.19-20 give the apparent RA, Dec. and diameter of the Sun, the UT of transit across the Greenwich Meridian, and P, B0, L0 where P = the position angle of the N end of the axis of rotation, + if east of the north point of the disk, - if west; B0 = the heliographic latitude of the centre of the disk; L0 = the heliographic longitude of the centre of the disk.
Decrease of L0 with Time h m h m h m h m h º
0 00 º 1 43 º 3 32 º 5 21 º 6 3.3 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 05 54 43 32 8 4.4 0.1 1.1 2.1 3.1 16 2 05 54 43 10 5.5 0.2 1.2 2.2 3.2 27 16 4 05 54 12 6.6 0.3 1.3 2.3 3.3 38 27 16 6 05 14 7.7 0.4 1.4 2.4 3.4 49 38 27 16 16 8.8 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 1 00 49 38 27 18 9.9 0.6 1.6 2.6 3.6 10 3 00 49 38 20 11.0 0.7 1.7 2.7 3.7 21 10 5 00 49 22 12.1 0.8 1.8 2.8 3.8 32 21 10 7 00 24 13.2 0.9 1.9 2.9 3.9 43 32 21 10 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 1 54 3 43 5 32 7 21
In critical cases ascend.
The heliographic longitude and latitude of a spot may be conveniently estimated by the method described in J. Br. Astron. Assoc., 53, 63 (1943). The dates of commencement of the synodic rotations, in continuation of Carrington’s (Greenwich Photo-Heliographic) series, are as follows: Rotation Begins Rotation Begins Rotation Begins d d d
2119 Jan. 9.94 2124 May 25.42 2129 Oct. 8.56 2120 Feb. 6.28 2125 Jun. 21.62 2130 Nov. 4.86 2121 Mar. 4.62 2126 Jul. 18.82 2131 Dec. 2.17 2122 Mar. 31.93 2127 Aug. 15.04 2132 Dec. 29.50 2123 Apr. 28.19 2128 Sep. 11.29 At the date of commencement of each synodic rotation period the value of L0 is zero; that is, the prime meridian passes through the central point of the disk.The sidereal period of rotation of the Sun used in physical ephemerides is 25.38 mean solar days, after Carrington; the mean synodic rotation period is 27d.2753
BAA Handbook 2012 Sun 19
sUn
2012 RA Dec. Diam. Transit P B0 L0 h m ° ' ' " h m ° ° °Jan. -1 18 34.5 -23 12 32 32 12 02.4 +3.3 -2.7 144.1 4 18 56.6 -22 48 32 32 12 04.7 +0.9 -3.3 78.2 9 19 18.5 -22 13 32 32 12 06.9 -1.5 -3.9 12.4 14 19 40.2 -21 27 32 31 12 08.8 -3.9 -4.4 306.5 19 20 01.6 -20 30 32 31 12 10.5 -6.2 -4.9 240.7
24 20 22.8 -19 24 32 30 12 11.9 -8.5 -5.3 174.9 29 20 43.6 -18 09 32 29 12 13.0 -10.7 -5.7 109.0Feb. 3 21 04.1 -16 45 32 28 12 13.7 -12.7 -6.1 43.2 8 21 24.2 -15 15 32 26 12 14.1 -14.7 -6.4 337.4 13 21 44.0 -13 38 32 24 12 14.2 -16.5 -6.7 271.5
18 22 03.5 -11 55 32 22 12 13.9 -18.2 -6.9 205.7 23 22 22.7 -10 07 32 20 12 13.4 -19.7 -7.1 139.9 28 22 41.6 -8 16 32 18 12 12.6 -21.1 -7.2 74.0Mar. 4 23 00.4 -6 22 32 16 12 11.6 -22.3 -7.2 8.1 9 23 18.9 -4 25 32 13 12 10.4 -23.4 -7.2 302.3
14 23 37.3 -2 27 32 10 12 09.1 -24.3 -7.2 236.4 19 23 55.6 -0 29 32 08 12 07.6 -25.1 -7.1 170.5 24 0 13.8 +1 30 32 05 12 06.1 -25.6 -6.9 104.5 29 0 32.0 +3 27 32 02 12 04.6 -26.0 -6.7 38.6Apr. 3 0 50.2 +5 23 32 00 12 03.1 -26.2 -6.4 332.6
8 1 08.5 +7 16 31 57 12 01.7 -26.3 -6.1 266.7 13 1 26.9 +9 07 31 54 12 00.4 -26.1 -5.7 200.7 18 1 45.4 +10 54 31 51 11 59.2 -25.8 -5.3 134.6 23 2 04.1 +12 36 31 49 11 58.2 -25.3 -4.9 68.6 28 2 23.0 +14 13 31 46 11 57.4 -24.6 -4.4 2.5
May 3 2 42.1 +15 44 31 44 11 56.8 -23.7 -3.9 296.5 8 3 01.4 +17 08 31 42 11 56.5 -22.6 -3.4 230.4 13 3 20.9 +18 26 31 39 11 56.3 -21.4 -2.9 164.2 18 3 40.7 +19 35 31 37 11 56.4 -20.0 -2.3 98.1 23 4 00.8 +20 37 31 36 11 56.8 -18.4 -1.7 32.0
28 4 21.0 +21 29 31 34 11 57.3 -16.7 -1.1 325.8Jun. 2 4 41.4 +22 13 31 32 11 58.1 -14.9 -0.5 259.6 7 5 02.0 +22 46 31 31 11 58.9 -13.0 +0.1 193.5 12 5 22.7 +23 10 31 30 11 59.9 -10.9 +0.7 127.3 17 5 43.5 +23 23 31 29 12 01.0 -8.8 +1.3 61.1
22 6 04.3 +23 26 31 28 12 02.1 -6.6 +1.9 354.9 27 6 25.1 +23 19 31 28 12 03.2 -4.3 +2.5 288.7
20 Sun BAA Handbook 2012
sUn
2012 RA Dec. Diam. Transit P B0 L0 h m ° ' ' " h m ° ° °Jul. 2 6 45.8 +23 01 31 28 12 04.1 -2.1 +3.0 222.6 7 7 06.4 +22 34 31 28 12 05.0 +0.2 +3.5 156.4 12 7 26.8 +21 56 31 28 12 05.7 +2.4 +4.1 90.2 17 7 47.0 +21 10 31 28 12 06.2 +4.7 +4.5 24.0 22 8 07.1 +20 14 31 29 12 06.5 +6.8 +5.0 317.9
27 8 26.8 +19 10 31 30 12 06.5 +8.9 +5.4 251.7Aug. 1 8 46.4 +17 58 31 31 12 06.3 +11.0 +5.8 185.6 6 9 05.6 +16 38 31 32 12 05.8 +12.9 +6.1 119.5 11 9 24.7 +15 12 31 34 12 05.1 +14.7 +6.4 53.4 16 9 43.5 +13 40 31 35 12 04.2 +16.4 +6.7 347.3
21 10 02.0 +12 03 31 37 12 03.0 +18.1 +6.9 281.2 26 10 20.4 +10 20 31 39 12 01.7 +19.5 +7.1 215.1 31 10 38.6 +8 34 31 41 12 00.2 +20.9 +7.2 149.1Sep. 5 10 56.7 +6 44 31 44 11 58.5 +22.1 +7.2 83.0 10 11 14.7 +4 52 31 46 11 56.8 +23.2 +7.2 17.0
15 11 32.7 +2 57 31 48 11 55.0 +24.1 +7.2 311.0 20 11 50.6 +1 01 31 51 35 46.4 +24.9 +7.1 245.0 25 12 08.6 -0 56 31 54 11 51.5 +25.5 +7.0 179.0 30 12 26.6 -2 52 31 57 11 49.8 +25.9 +6.8 113.0Oct. 5 12 44.7 -4 48 31 59 11 48.3 +26.2 +6.5 47.0
10 13 03.0 -6 43 32 02 11 46.9 +26.3 +6.2 341.1 15 13 21.5 -8 35 32 05 11 45.7 +26.2 +5.9 275.1 20 13 40.2 -10 24 32 07 11 44.7 +25.9 +5.5 209.2 25 13 59.2 -12 10 32 10 11 44.0 +25.4 +5.0 143.2 30 14 18.5 -13 50 32 13 11 43.6 +24.8 +4.6 77.3
Nov. 4 14 38.1 -15 26 32 15 11 43.6 +23.9 +4.0 11.3 9 14 58.1 -16 54 32 18 11 43.9 +22.8 +3.5 305.4 14 15 18.4 -18 16 32 20 11 44.5 +21.6 +2.9 239.5 19 15 39.1 -19 30 32 22 11 45.5 +20.1 +2.3 173.6 24 16 00.1 -20 35 32 24 11 46.8 +18.5 +1.7 107.7
29 16 21.4 -21 30 32 26 11 48.5 +16.7 +1.1 41.8Dec. 4 16 43.0 -22 15 32 27 11 50.4 +14.8 +0.5 335.9 9 17 04.9 -22 50 32 29 11 52.5 +12.7 -0.2 270.0 14 17 26.9 -23 13 32 30 11 54.9 +10.5 -0.8 204.1 19 17 49.1 -23 25 32 31 11 57.3 +8.2 -1.4 138.3
24 18 11.3 -23 25 32 31 11 59.8 +5.8 -2.1 72.4 29 18 33.4 -23 13 32 32 12 02.2 +3.4 -2.7 6.5
BAA Handbook 2012 Moon 21
MoonPHASES OF THE MOON
New Moon First Quarter Full Moon Last Quarter d h m d h m d h m d h m
Jan. 1 6 15 Jan. 9 7 30 Jan. 16 9 08 Jan. 23 7 39 Jan. 31 4 10 Feb. 7 21 54 Feb. 14 17 04 Feb. 21 22 35 Mar. 1 1 21 Mar. 8 9 39 Mar. 15 1 25 Mar. 22 14 37 Mar. 30 19 41 Apr. 6 19 19 Apr. 13 10 50 Apr. 21 7 18 Apr. 29 9 57 May 6 3 35 May 12 21 47 May 20 23 47 May 28 20 16 Jun. 4 11 12 Jun. 11 10 41 Jun. 19 15 02 Jun. 27 3 30 Jul. 3 18 52 Jul. 11 1 48 Jul. 19 4 24 Jul. 26 8 56 Aug. 2 3 27 Aug. 9 18 55 Aug. 17 15 54 Aug. 24 13 54 Aug. 31 13 58 Sep. 8 13 15 Sep. 16 2 11 Sep. 22 19 41 Sep. 30 3 19 Oct. 8 7 33 Oct. 15 12 03 Oct. 22 3 32 Oct. 29 19 49 Nov. 7 0 36 Nov. 13 22 08 Nov. 20 14 31 Nov. 28 14 46 Dec. 6 15 31 Dec. 13 8 42 Dec. 20 5 19 Dec. 28 10 21
APSIDES PERIGEE APOGEE Date Diam. Date Diam. Date Diam. Date Diam. d h ' " d h ' " d h ' " d h ' "
Jan. 17 21 32 18 Jul. 29 9 32 32 Jan. 2 20 29 32 Jul. 13 17 29 32Feb. 11 19 32 29 Aug. 23 19 32 19 Jan. 30 18 29 33 Aug. 10 11 29 35Mar. 10 10 32 58 Sep. 19 3 32 40 Feb. 27 14 29 31 Sep. 7 6 29 34Apr. 7 17 33 21 Oct. 17 1 33 08 Mar. 26 6 29 27 Oct. 5 1 29 30May 6 4 33 28 Nov. 14 10 33 26 Apr. 22 14 29 24 Nov. 1 15 29 26Jun. 3 13 33 20 Dec. 12 23 33 28 May 19 16 29 24 Nov. 28 19 29 43Jul. 1 18 32 58 Jun. 16 2 29 27 Dec. 25 21 29 26
LIBRATION Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum Date Size PA Date Size PA Date Size PA Date Size PA d º º d º º d º º d º º
Jan. 5.24 2.9 116 Jul. 7.64 9.4 203 Jul. 14.61 0.4 130Jan. 12.33 7.8 53 Jan. 19.16 2.0 311 Jul. 21.64 8.4 57 Jul. 28.53 0.4 130Jan. 25.69 8.1 195 Feb. 1.22 3.1 119 Aug. 4.14 8.7 199 Aug. 10.90 0.2 103Feb. 7.94 7.8 56 Feb. 15.02 3.0 310 Aug. 17.53 8.2 56 Aug. 24.36 0.5 309Feb. 21.86 7.8 194 Feb. 28.30 3.0 121 Aug. 31.27 8.3 197 Sep. 7.02 0.1 143Mar. 5.97 8.8 63 Mar. 12.51 3.5 327 Sep. 13.71 8.7 59 Sep. 20.13 1.2 323Mar. 19.58 8.3 201 Mar. 26.62 2.6 120 Sep. 27.12 8.6 200 Oct. 4.32 0.1 323Apr. 2.64 9.8 67 Apr. 8.84 2.9 335 Oct. 11.29 9.5 64 Oct. 17.47 0.9 329Apr. 15.52 9.3 208 Apr. 23.13 2.0 120 Oct. 24.12 9.5 206 Oct. 31.68 0.5 297Apr. 30.51 10.3 69 May 6.73 1.7 334 Nov. 8.13 10.1 67 Nov. 14.36 0.3 169May 13.08 9.9 209 May 20.72 1.3 121 Nov. 20.65 10.3 208 Nov. 28.22 1.1 302May 28.27 10.0 67 Jun. 3.64 0.5 338 Dec. 5.94 9.9 69 Dec. 12.39 1.7 150Jun. 9.89 9.9 206 Jun. 17.26 0.7 120 Dec. 18.52 10.2 208 Dec. 25.76 1.7 305Jun. 24.67 9.2 63 Jul. 1.39 0.4 155
Note: Size of libration is given as an angle measured at the centre of the Moon. Position angle (PA) is measured through East on the face of the Moon from the North point of the disk.
22 Moon BAA Handbook 2012
sUn’s selenograPHiC ColongitUde
Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.
º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 354.1 11.0 3.8 21.4 27.3 45.9 52.5 71.3 89.9 95.9 113.6 118.7 2 6.2 23.2 16.0 33.6 39.5 58.1 64.7 83.5 102.1 108.1 125.8 130.8 3 18.4 35.3 28.2 45.8 51.7 70.3 76.9 95.7 114.3 120.3 137.9 143.0 4 30.5 47.5 40.3 57.9 63.9 82.5 89.1 107.9 126.5 132.4 150.1 155.1 5 42.7 59.6 52.5 70.1 76.1 94.7 101.3 120.1 138.6 144.6 162.2 167.3
6 54.8 71.7 64.6 82.3 88.3 106.8 113.5 132.3 150.8 156.8 174.4 179.4 7 67.0 83.9 76.8 94.4 100.4 119.0 125.7 144.5 163.0 169.0 186.6 191.6 8 79.1 96.0 88.9 106.6 112.6 131.2 137.9 156.7 175.2 181.1 198.8 203.8 9 91.2 108.1 101.1 118.7 124.8 143.4 150.1 168.9 187.4 193.3 210.9 215.9 10 103.3 120.3 113.2 130.9 137.0 155.6 162.3 181.1 199.6 205.5 223.1 228.1 11 115.5 132.4 125.3 143.1 149.2 167.8 174.5 193.3 211.9 217.7 235.3 240.3 12 127.6 144.5 137.5 155.3 161.4 180.1 186.7 205.5 224.1 229.9 247.5 252.5 13 139.7 156.7 149.7 167.4 173.6 192.3 199.0 217.8 236.3 242.2 259.7 264.7 14 151.9 168.8 161.8 179.6 185.8 204.5 211.2 230.0 248.5 254.4 271.9 276.9 15 164.0 181.0 174.0 191.8 198.0 216.8 223.4 242.3 260.8 266.6 284.1 289.1 16 176.2 193.2 186.2 204.1 210.2 229.0 235.7 254.5 273.0 278.8 296.3 301.3 17 188.3 205.3 198.4 216.3 222.5 241.2 247.9 266.7 285.2 291.0 308.5 313.4 18 200.5 217.5 210.6 228.5 234.7 253.5 260.2 279.0 297.5 303.2 320.7 325.6 19 212.7 229.7 222.8 240.7 246.9 265.7 272.4 291.2 309.7 315.4 332.9 337.8 20 224.8 241.9 235.0 252.9 259.2 278.0 284.7 303.5 321.9 327.6 345.1 350.0 21 237.0 254.1 247.2 265.2 271.4 290.2 296.9 315.7 334.1 339.8 357.2 2.1 22 249.2 266.3 259.4 277.4 283.7 302.5 309.2 327.9 346.3 352.0 9.4 14.3 23 261.4 278.5 271.6 289.6 295.9 314.7 321.4 340.2 358.5 4.2 21.6 26.4 24 273.6 290.7 283.8 301.9 308.1 327.0 333.7 352.4 10.7 16.4 33.7 38.6 25 285.8 302.9 296.0 314.1 320.4 339.2 345.9 4.6 22.9 28.5 45.9 50.7 26 298.0 315.1 308.2 326.3 332.6 351.5 358.1 16.8 35.1 40.7 58.0 62.8 27 310.2 327.3 320.5 338.5 344.8 3.7 10.3 29.0 47.3 52.9 70.1 75.0 28 322.3 339.5 332.7 350.7 357.1 15.9 22.5 41.2 59.4 65.0 82.3 87.1 29 334.5 351.7 344.9 3.0 9.3 28.1 34.7 53.4 71.6 77.2 94.4 99.2 30 346.7 357.1 15.2 21.5 40.3 46.9 65.6 83.8 89.3 106.6 111.4
31 358.8 9.2 33.7 59.1 77.7 101.5 123.5 The Sun’s selenographic colongitude, is numerically equal to the selenographic longitude of the morning ter-minator, measured eastward from the mean centre of the disk. Its value is approximately 270° at New Moon, 0° at First Quarter, 90° at Full Moon, and 180° at Last Quarter. Observers should always quote the west or east longitude of the morning or evening terminator, as appropriate. These values are obtained from the Sun’s sele-nographic colongitude S as follows: Terminator S LongitudeNew Moon to First Quarter Morning 270° to 360° 360°-S WestFirst Quarter to Full Moon Morning 0° to 90° S EastFull Moon to Last Quarter Evening 90° to 180° 180°-S WestLast Quarter to New Moon Evening 180° to 270° S-180° East
The hourly increase in S may be taken as 0°.5
BAA Handbook 2012 Moonrise and Moonset 23
1. For a moonrise, R1, use the previous moonset, S0, and the following moonset, S2. Form
a = -2R1+S0+S2+8m
2. For a moonset, S1, use the previous moonrise, R0, and the following moonrise, R2. Form
a = 2S1-R0-R2+8m
3. Enter the table on the right with argument a and obtain the Moon’s Dec., by mental interpolation, to 0º.1.
4. Enter the table on p.6 with this Dec. and the required latitude to obtain Δh.5. Moonrise for required latitude = R1 - 1.04 Δh. Moonset for required latitude = S1 + 1.04 Δh. The accuracy of the times so derived is ±3m.The times thus found are for longitude 0º. For other longitudes it is necessary to calculate the times of the previous (following) similar phenomenon at the standard latitude if the observer is east (west) of Greenwich and then interpolate them to the observer’s longitude.Example. Calculate the UT of moonrise on April 17 at W 0º, N 20º. The times are from p.24. d h m d h mS0 16 14 11 -2R1 - 36 6 28 Dec. -2°.4R1 17 3 14 S0+S2 + 34 5 30 Δh +9m
S2 17 15 19 Sum - 0 58 1.04 Δh +9m
+ 08 a - 0 50Required UT = 17d 3h 14m - (+9m) = 17d 3h 05m
Example. Calculate the LMT of moonrise on April 17 at E 108° (= +108°), N 20°. The times are from p.24. Diff. Diff. Moonrise (-1d) Moonset (-1d) d h m m d h m m 16 2 55 15 13 00 19 71 17 3 14 16 14 11 68 17 15 19 d h m d h mS0 16 14 11 - (71m x 108/360) = 16 13 50R1 17 3 14 - (19m x 108/360) = 17 3 08S2 17 15 19 - (68m x 108/360) = 17 14 59 d h m The time (UT) is found to be = 16 19 42 Longitude +108° = +7 12 Local Mean Time (LMT) = 17 2 54
Moonrise and Moonset
On the two following pages are given the times (UT) of moonrise and moonset for longitude (λ) 0°, in the standard latitudes (φ) of N 52° and S 35°. Observers in most other latitudes can determine approximate times using the following method, where the times of moonrise and moonset are for the standard latitude in the same hemisphere as the observer. The basis of the method is given inJ. Br. Astron. Assoc., 86, 416 (1976).
N 52° S 35° a Dec. a h m ° h m 0 00 0 0 00 0 21 1 0 12 0 42 2 0 23 1 03 3 0 35 1 25 4 0 46 1 46 5 0 58 2 07 6 1 10 2 29 7 1 21 2 51 8 1 33 3 13 9 1 45 3 35 10 1 57 3 58 11 2 09 4 20 12 2 21 4 44 13 2 33 5 07 14 2 46 5 31 15 2 58 5 56 16 3 11 6 21 17 3 24 6 46 18 3 37 7 12 19 3 51 7 39 20 4 04 8 07 21 4 18 8 35 22 4 32 9 05 23 4 46 9 36 24 5 01 10 08 25 5 16 10 41 26 5 31 11 16 27 5 47 11 53 28 6 03 12 31 29 6 20
samesignas a
oppsignto a
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24 Moonrise and Moonset BAA Handbook 2012
Moonrise and Moonset Moonrise and Moonset
IN LATITUDE N 52º IN LATITUDE N 52º
January February March April May June July August September October November December Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Day h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m
1 11:10 00:16 10:54 02:22 10:13 02:05 12:09 02:44 13:35 02:00 16:37 01:35 18:06 01:24 19:02 03:37 18:37 06:20 17:46 07:33 17:59 09:32 18:34 09:46 2 11:30 01:22 11:33 03:22 11:06 02:56 13:23 03:11 14:54 02:21 18:00 02:06 19:07 02:20 19:29 04:55 18:58 07:31 18:13 08:40 18:47 10:23 19:36 10:19 3 11:53 02:28 12:21 04:18 12:07 03:39 14:41 03:36 16:17 02:44 19:18 02:46 19:55 03:27 19:52 06:12 19:19 08:40 18:43 09:44 19:41 11:07 20:42 10:48 4 12:21 03:34 13:20 05:06 13:16 04:16 16:01 03:59 17:42 03:09 20:26 03:37 20:33 04:43 20:13 07:27 19:43 09:48 19:20 10:44 20:42 11:45 21:50 11:12 5 12:56 04:37 14:26 05:47 14:31 04:47 17:25 04:21 19:08 03:38 21:21 04:40 21:03 06:02 20:33 08:39 20:11 10:54 20:03 11:39 21:46 12:17 23:00 11:35
6 13:40 05:36 15:40 06:20 15:49 05:13 18:50 04:45 20:30 04:14 22:03 05:53 21:28 07:20 20:53 09:50 20:43 11:57 20:53 12:28 22:54 12:44 --:-- 11:56 7 14:33 06:29 16:57 06:49 17:10 05:37 20:16 05:12 21:44 05:00 22:36 07:11 21:49 08:36 21:15 10:58 21:22 12:56 21:50 13:10 --:-- 13:08 00:13 12:18 8 15:36 07:14 18:16 07:13 18:33 05:59 21:40 05:44 22:44 05:57 23:03 08:29 22:09 09:49 21:40 12:05 22:08 13:49 22:53 13:46 00:04 13:31 01:27 12:41 9 16:46 07:51 19:37 07:35 19:57 06:22 22:57 06:24 23:31 07:05 23:25 09:44 22:28 10:59 22:09 13:09 23:02 14:35 --:-- 14:16 01:17 13:53 02:45 13:08 10 18:01 08:21 20:58 07:57 21:21 06:46 --:-- 07:14 --:-- 08:18 23:45 10:57 22:49 12:07 22:44 14:11 --:-- 15:15 00:00 14:43 02:33 14:16 04:05 13:40
11 19:18 08:47 22:20 08:19 22:44 07:14 00:03 08:14 00:08 09:34 --:-- 12:06 23:11 13:14 23:26 15:07 00:03 15:49 01:11 15:07 03:52 14:42 05:26 14:21 12 20:35 09:09 23:42 08:44 --:-- 07:48 00:55 09:23 00:36 10:49 00:03 13:14 23:37 14:20 --:-- 15:58 01:09 16:18 02:25 15:30 05:14 15:12 06:43 15:13 13 21:54 09:30 --:-- 09:12 00:03 08:30 01:36 10:35 01:00 12:01 00:23 14:21 --:-- 15:23 00:16 16:43 02:20 16:44 03:42 15:53 06:38 15:49 07:51 16:17 14 23:13 09:51 01:01 09:47 01:13 09:22 02:07 11:48 01:20 13:10 00:44 15:27 00:08 16:23 01:14 17:20 03:34 17:07 05:02 16:18 07:58 16:37 08:47 17:31 15 --:-- 10:13 02:16 10:31 02:12 10:24 02:33 13:00 01:39 14:18 01:07 16:31 00:46 17:18 02:18 17:52 04:51 17:30 06:24 16:46 09:10 17:35 09:31 18:51
16 00:34 10:38 03:22 11:25 02:59 11:32 02:55 14:11 01:58 15:25 01:35 17:34 01:31 18:06 03:28 18:19 06:10 17:53 07:47 17:19 10:11 18:44 10:05 20:10 17 01:54 11:07 04:16 12:29 03:35 12:44 03:14 15:19 02:17 16:31 02:08 18:32 02:25 18:47 04:41 18:43 07:30 18:19 09:09 18:00 10:59 19:59 10:33 21:28 18 03:13 11:45 05:00 13:40 04:05 13:57 03:33 16:27 02:38 17:36 02:49 19:24 03:26 19:22 05:56 19:05 08:51 18:48 10:24 18:52 11:36 21:16 10:57 22:42 19 04:26 12:32 05:34 14:54 04:28 15:09 03:51 17:33 03:03 18:40 03:37 20:09 04:34 19:51 07:13 19:27 10:12 19:23 11:29 19:53 12:06 22:32 11:19 23:54 20 05:30 13:31 06:01 16:08 04:49 16:19 04:11 18:40 03:33 19:41 04:34 20:48 05:44 20:16 08:30 19:50 11:29 20:06 12:21 21:02 12:31 23:46 11:40 --:--
21 06:21 14:40 06:24 17:20 05:08 17:28 04:34 19:45 04:08 20:37 05:37 21:19 06:57 20:38 09:49 20:16 12:38 20:59 13:03 22:16 12:53 --:-- 12:01 01:03 22 07:02 15:55 06:44 18:32 05:27 18:36 05:00 20:48 04:52 21:27 06:45 21:46 08:11 21:00 11:09 20:45 13:37 22:02 13:36 23:30 13:13 00:57 12:24 02:10 23 07:34 17:11 07:02 19:41 05:46 19:43 05:31 21:48 05:43 22:10 07:56 22:10 09:27 21:21 12:27 21:22 14:24 23:12 14:03 --:-- 13:34 02:06 12:50 03:16 24 07:59 18:26 07:21 20:49 06:06 20:49 06:09 22:42 06:41 22:45 09:08 22:31 10:44 21:44 13:40 22:07 15:02 --:-- 14:26 00:44 13:55 03:13 13:20 04:19 25 08:20 19:39 07:40 21:56 06:29 21:54 06:54 23:29 07:46 23:15 10:22 22:52 12:02 22:10 14:46 23:03 15:33 00:25 14:47 01:56 14:19 04:20 13:56 05:19
26 08:39 20:50 08:01 23:02 06:57 22:57 07:48 --:-- 08:54 23:41 11:38 23:14 13:20 22:41 15:41 --:-- 15:58 01:39 15:07 03:06 14:47 05:25 14:39 06:14 27 08:57 21:58 08:25 --:-- 07:30 23:55 08:48 00:09 10:05 --:-- 12:55 23:37 14:38 23:20 16:26 00:08 16:21 02:53 15:28 04:14 15:19 06:27 15:29 07:04 28 09:15 23:06 08:54 00:07 08:10 --:-- 09:55 00:43 11:19 00:04 14:15 --:-- 15:50 --:-- 17:01 01:20 16:42 04:05 15:50 05:22 15:57 07:26 16:26 07:46 29 09:35 --:-- 09:30 01:08 08:58 00:47 11:05 01:12 12:34 00:25 15:36 00:05 16:54 00:09 17:30 02:36 17:02 05:16 16:15 06:29 16:43 08:19 17:28 08:22 30 09:56 00:12 09:55 01:33 12:19 01:37 13:52 00:46 16:54 00:40 17:47 01:10 17:55 03:52 17:23 06:25 16:44 07:33 17:35 09:06 18:33 08:52
31 10:22 01:18 10:59 02:11 15:13 01:09 18:29 02:20 18:17 05:07 17:19 08:35 19:41 09:18
BAA Handbook 2012 Moonrise and Moonset 25
Moonrise and Moonset Moonrise and Moonset
IN LATITUDE N 52º IN LATITUDE N 52º
January February March April May June July August September October November December Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Day h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m
1 11:10 00:16 10:54 02:22 10:13 02:05 12:09 02:44 13:35 02:00 16:37 01:35 18:06 01:24 19:02 03:37 18:37 06:20 17:46 07:33 17:59 09:32 18:34 09:46 2 11:30 01:22 11:33 03:22 11:06 02:56 13:23 03:11 14:54 02:21 18:00 02:06 19:07 02:20 19:29 04:55 18:58 07:31 18:13 08:40 18:47 10:23 19:36 10:19 3 11:53 02:28 12:21 04:18 12:07 03:39 14:41 03:36 16:17 02:44 19:18 02:46 19:55 03:27 19:52 06:12 19:19 08:40 18:43 09:44 19:41 11:07 20:42 10:48 4 12:21 03:34 13:20 05:06 13:16 04:16 16:01 03:59 17:42 03:09 20:26 03:37 20:33 04:43 20:13 07:27 19:43 09:48 19:20 10:44 20:42 11:45 21:50 11:12 5 12:56 04:37 14:26 05:47 14:31 04:47 17:25 04:21 19:08 03:38 21:21 04:40 21:03 06:02 20:33 08:39 20:11 10:54 20:03 11:39 21:46 12:17 23:00 11:35
6 13:40 05:36 15:40 06:20 15:49 05:13 18:50 04:45 20:30 04:14 22:03 05:53 21:28 07:20 20:53 09:50 20:43 11:57 20:53 12:28 22:54 12:44 --:-- 11:56 7 14:33 06:29 16:57 06:49 17:10 05:37 20:16 05:12 21:44 05:00 22:36 07:11 21:49 08:36 21:15 10:58 21:22 12:56 21:50 13:10 --:-- 13:08 00:13 12:18 8 15:36 07:14 18:16 07:13 18:33 05:59 21:40 05:44 22:44 05:57 23:03 08:29 22:09 09:49 21:40 12:05 22:08 13:49 22:53 13:46 00:04 13:31 01:27 12:41 9 16:46 07:51 19:37 07:35 19:57 06:22 22:57 06:24 23:31 07:05 23:25 09:44 22:28 10:59 22:09 13:09 23:02 14:35 --:-- 14:16 01:17 13:53 02:45 13:08 10 18:01 08:21 20:58 07:57 21:21 06:46 --:-- 07:14 --:-- 08:18 23:45 10:57 22:49 12:07 22:44 14:11 --:-- 15:15 00:00 14:43 02:33 14:16 04:05 13:40
11 19:18 08:47 22:20 08:19 22:44 07:14 00:03 08:14 00:08 09:34 --:-- 12:06 23:11 13:14 23:26 15:07 00:03 15:49 01:11 15:07 03:52 14:42 05:26 14:21 12 20:35 09:09 23:42 08:44 --:-- 07:48 00:55 09:23 00:36 10:49 00:03 13:14 23:37 14:20 --:-- 15:58 01:09 16:18 02:25 15:30 05:14 15:12 06:43 15:13 13 21:54 09:30 --:-- 09:12 00:03 08:30 01:36 10:35 01:00 12:01 00:23 14:21 --:-- 15:23 00:16 16:43 02:20 16:44 03:42 15:53 06:38 15:49 07:51 16:17 14 23:13 09:51 01:01 09:47 01:13 09:22 02:07 11:48 01:20 13:10 00:44 15:27 00:08 16:23 01:14 17:20 03:34 17:07 05:02 16:18 07:58 16:37 08:47 17:31 15 --:-- 10:13 02:16 10:31 02:12 10:24 02:33 13:00 01:39 14:18 01:07 16:31 00:46 17:18 02:18 17:52 04:51 17:30 06:24 16:46 09:10 17:35 09:31 18:51
16 00:34 10:38 03:22 11:25 02:59 11:32 02:55 14:11 01:58 15:25 01:35 17:34 01:31 18:06 03:28 18:19 06:10 17:53 07:47 17:19 10:11 18:44 10:05 20:10 17 01:54 11:07 04:16 12:29 03:35 12:44 03:14 15:19 02:17 16:31 02:08 18:32 02:25 18:47 04:41 18:43 07:30 18:19 09:09 18:00 10:59 19:59 10:33 21:28 18 03:13 11:45 05:00 13:40 04:05 13:57 03:33 16:27 02:38 17:36 02:49 19:24 03:26 19:22 05:56 19:05 08:51 18:48 10:24 18:52 11:36 21:16 10:57 22:42 19 04:26 12:32 05:34 14:54 04:28 15:09 03:51 17:33 03:03 18:40 03:37 20:09 04:34 19:51 07:13 19:27 10:12 19:23 11:29 19:53 12:06 22:32 11:19 23:54 20 05:30 13:31 06:01 16:08 04:49 16:19 04:11 18:40 03:33 19:41 04:34 20:48 05:44 20:16 08:30 19:50 11:29 20:06 12:21 21:02 12:31 23:46 11:40 --:--
21 06:21 14:40 06:24 17:20 05:08 17:28 04:34 19:45 04:08 20:37 05:37 21:19 06:57 20:38 09:49 20:16 12:38 20:59 13:03 22:16 12:53 --:-- 12:01 01:03 22 07:02 15:55 06:44 18:32 05:27 18:36 05:00 20:48 04:52 21:27 06:45 21:46 08:11 21:00 11:09 20:45 13:37 22:02 13:36 23:30 13:13 00:57 12:24 02:10 23 07:34 17:11 07:02 19:41 05:46 19:43 05:31 21:48 05:43 22:10 07:56 22:10 09:27 21:21 12:27 21:22 14:24 23:12 14:03 --:-- 13:34 02:06 12:50 03:16 24 07:59 18:26 07:21 20:49 06:06 20:49 06:09 22:42 06:41 22:45 09:08 22:31 10:44 21:44 13:40 22:07 15:02 --:-- 14:26 00:44 13:55 03:13 13:20 04:19 25 08:20 19:39 07:40 21:56 06:29 21:54 06:54 23:29 07:46 23:15 10:22 22:52 12:02 22:10 14:46 23:03 15:33 00:25 14:47 01:56 14:19 04:20 13:56 05:19
26 08:39 20:50 08:01 23:02 06:57 22:57 07:48 --:-- 08:54 23:41 11:38 23:14 13:20 22:41 15:41 --:-- 15:58 01:39 15:07 03:06 14:47 05:25 14:39 06:14 27 08:57 21:58 08:25 --:-- 07:30 23:55 08:48 00:09 10:05 --:-- 12:55 23:37 14:38 23:20 16:26 00:08 16:21 02:53 15:28 04:14 15:19 06:27 15:29 07:04 28 09:15 23:06 08:54 00:07 08:10 --:-- 09:55 00:43 11:19 00:04 14:15 --:-- 15:50 --:-- 17:01 01:20 16:42 04:05 15:50 05:22 15:57 07:26 16:26 07:46 29 09:35 --:-- 09:30 01:08 08:58 00:47 11:05 01:12 12:34 00:25 15:36 00:05 16:54 00:09 17:30 02:36 17:02 05:16 16:15 06:29 16:43 08:19 17:28 08:22 30 09:56 00:12 09:55 01:33 12:19 01:37 13:52 00:46 16:54 00:40 17:47 01:10 17:55 03:52 17:23 06:25 16:44 07:33 17:35 09:06 18:33 08:52
31 10:22 01:18 10:59 02:11 15:13 01:09 18:29 02:20 18:17 05:07 17:19 08:35 19:41 09:18
26 Moonrise and Moonset BAA Handbook 2012
Moonrise and Moonset Moonrise and Moonset IN LATITUDE S 35º IN LATITUDE S 35º
January February March April May June July August September October November December Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise SetDay h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m
1 12:27 23:46 13:57 --:-- 13:31 23:38 14:21 00:17 14:04 01:10 14:29 03:20 14:52 04:31 16:56 06:02 18:52 06:24 19:35 06:00 21:03 06:32 21:16 06:55 2 13:22 --:-- 14:50 00:10 14:20 --:-- 14:58 01:19 14:39 02:15 15:16 04:31 15:54 05:35 18:02 06:43 19:51 06:56 20:31 06:34 21:51 07:18 21:55 07:50 3 14:18 00:18 15:42 00:57 15:06 00:33 15:34 02:22 15:15 03:22 16:09 05:42 17:01 06:34 19:05 07:20 20:48 07:28 21:26 07:11 22:36 08:08 22:30 08:45 4 15:13 00:53 16:31 01:49 15:49 01:31 16:09 03:28 15:55 04:32 17:10 06:51 18:09 07:25 20:07 07:54 21:45 08:01 22:18 07:51 23:17 09:00 23:04 09:42 5 16:08 01:32 17:16 02:47 16:28 02:33 16:46 04:36 16:40 05:44 18:16 07:54 19:16 08:10 21:06 08:26 22:41 08:36 23:09 08:35 23:54 09:56 23:37 10:40
6 17:02 02:17 17:57 03:48 17:05 03:37 17:24 05:46 17:31 06:57 19:23 08:49 20:20 08:49 22:04 08:57 23:35 09:14 23:56 09:23 --:-- 10:52 --:-- 11:40 7 17:53 03:07 18:35 04:52 17:41 04:44 18:07 06:58 18:29 08:08 20:30 09:37 21:22 09:24 23:00 09:29 --:-- 09:55 --:-- 10:14 00:30 11:51 00:09 12:41 8 18:40 04:02 19:11 05:58 18:17 05:51 18:54 08:11 19:32 09:13 21:35 10:17 22:22 09:56 23:56 10:02 00:27 10:40 00:39 11:08 01:04 12:51 00:43 13:45 9 19:22 05:02 19:45 07:04 18:53 07:01 19:48 09:22 20:37 10:11 22:37 10:53 23:19 10:26 --:-- 10:38 01:16 11:30 01:20 12:05 01:38 13:53 01:20 14:51 10 20:01 06:04 20:20 08:11 19:33 08:11 20:46 10:29 21:43 11:01 23:36 11:25 --:-- 10:57 00:51 11:17 02:03 12:23 01:58 13:04 02:12 14:58 02:01 16:00
11 20:37 07:08 20:56 09:19 20:16 09:22 21:48 11:29 22:47 11:44 --:-- 11:56 00:16 11:29 01:45 12:00 02:46 13:20 02:33 14:05 02:48 16:06 02:48 17:11 12 21:11 08:12 21:35 10:27 21:04 10:32 22:52 12:21 23:48 12:21 00:33 12:26 01:11 12:03 02:36 12:47 03:26 14:19 03:08 15:08 03:29 17:16 03:42 18:19 13 21:45 09:17 22:19 11:35 21:57 11:39 23:55 13:07 --:-- 12:54 01:29 12:56 02:06 12:39 03:25 13:39 04:03 15:21 03:43 16:14 04:14 18:27 04:44 19:22 14 22:19 10:22 23:07 12:43 22:55 12:41 --:-- 13:46 00:47 13:24 02:24 13:28 03:01 13:20 04:10 14:35 04:39 16:24 04:19 17:21 05:05 19:37 05:50 20:19 15 22:55 11:28 --:-- 13:47 23:56 13:36 00:56 14:20 01:44 13:54 03:20 14:03 03:54 14:05 04:52 15:34 05:14 17:29 04:58 18:31 06:04 20:43 07:00 21:07
16 23:34 12:36 00:01 14:47 --:-- 14:25 01:55 14:52 02:40 14:24 04:14 14:41 04:44 14:55 05:31 16:35 05:49 18:35 05:40 19:42 07:08 21:41 08:09 21:50 17 --:-- 13:43 00:59 15:40 00:58 15:07 02:53 15:22 03:35 14:54 05:08 15:23 05:32 15:49 06:08 17:37 06:26 19:43 06:28 20:52 08:14 22:32 09:15 22:27 18 00:19 14:50 02:01 16:27 02:00 15:45 03:49 15:51 04:31 15:27 06:00 16:10 06:16 16:46 06:42 18:40 07:05 20:52 07:22 21:58 09:21 23:16 10:19 23:01 19 01:09 15:54 03:04 17:08 03:01 16:18 04:45 16:21 05:26 16:03 06:50 17:02 06:56 17:46 07:17 19:44 07:48 22:00 08:21 22:58 10:27 23:54 11:19 23:34 20 02:06 16:53 04:07 17:44 04:00 16:49 05:40 16:52 06:20 16:42 07:36 17:57 07:34 18:46 07:51 20:50 08:37 23:07 09:24 23:51 11:29 --:-- 12:18 --:--
21 03:07 17:46 05:09 18:17 04:58 17:19 06:36 17:26 07:14 17:26 08:18 18:54 08:08 19:48 08:27 21:56 09:31 --:-- 10:29 --:-- 12:30 00:28 13:15 00:05 22 04:12 18:31 06:08 18:48 05:55 17:48 07:31 18:03 08:05 18:15 08:57 19:54 08:42 20:50 09:07 23:03 10:29 00:09 11:33 00:37 13:28 01:01 14:12 00:38 23 05:17 19:11 07:06 19:17 06:51 18:19 08:25 18:44 08:53 19:07 09:32 20:54 09:15 21:54 09:50 --:-- 11:32 01:05 12:35 01:17 14:25 01:32 15:07 01:12 24 06:20 19:46 08:03 19:47 07:47 18:51 09:18 19:29 09:37 20:02 10:06 21:55 09:49 22:58 10:39 00:10 12:35 01:54 13:36 01:53 15:22 02:03 16:01 01:48 25 07:22 20:18 09:00 20:17 08:42 19:25 10:08 20:18 10:17 21:00 10:39 22:57 10:25 --:-- 11:34 01:14 13:39 02:38 14:35 02:26 16:17 02:36 16:54 02:28
26 08:21 20:48 09:55 20:50 09:37 20:03 10:55 21:11 10:55 21:59 11:12 --:-- 11:06 00:04 12:34 02:14 14:41 03:17 15:33 02:58 17:12 03:10 17:44 03:12 27 09:19 21:17 10:51 21:26 10:31 20:45 11:38 22:08 11:30 23:00 11:46 00:00 11:51 01:11 13:38 03:08 15:42 03:52 16:30 03:29 18:06 03:48 18:31 03:59 28 10:15 21:46 11:46 22:05 11:23 21:32 12:18 23:07 12:03 --:-- 12:24 01:06 12:42 02:18 14:43 03:57 16:42 04:24 17:27 04:01 18:59 04:29 19:15 04:50 29 11:11 22:17 12:40 22:49 12:12 22:23 12:55 --:-- 12:36 00:02 13:07 02:14 13:40 03:22 15:47 04:39 17:40 04:56 18:23 04:34 19:48 05:15 19:55 05:44 30 12:06 22:51 12:59 23:18 13:30 00:07 13:11 01:05 13:56 03:22 14:43 04:21 16:51 05:17 18:38 05:28 19:18 05:10 20:34 06:03 20:32 06:40
31 13:02 23:28 13:41 --:-- 13:48 02:11 15:49 05:15 17:52 05:52 20:12 05:49 21:07 07:37
BAA Handbook 2012 Moonrise and Moonset 27
Moonrise and Moonset Moonrise and Moonset IN LATITUDE S 35º IN LATITUDE S 35º
January February March April May June July August September October November December Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise Set Rise SetDay h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m h : m
1 12:27 23:46 13:57 --:-- 13:31 23:38 14:21 00:17 14:04 01:10 14:29 03:20 14:52 04:31 16:56 06:02 18:52 06:24 19:35 06:00 21:03 06:32 21:16 06:55 2 13:22 --:-- 14:50 00:10 14:20 --:-- 14:58 01:19 14:39 02:15 15:16 04:31 15:54 05:35 18:02 06:43 19:51 06:56 20:31 06:34 21:51 07:18 21:55 07:50 3 14:18 00:18 15:42 00:57 15:06 00:33 15:34 02:22 15:15 03:22 16:09 05:42 17:01 06:34 19:05 07:20 20:48 07:28 21:26 07:11 22:36 08:08 22:30 08:45 4 15:13 00:53 16:31 01:49 15:49 01:31 16:09 03:28 15:55 04:32 17:10 06:51 18:09 07:25 20:07 07:54 21:45 08:01 22:18 07:51 23:17 09:00 23:04 09:42 5 16:08 01:32 17:16 02:47 16:28 02:33 16:46 04:36 16:40 05:44 18:16 07:54 19:16 08:10 21:06 08:26 22:41 08:36 23:09 08:35 23:54 09:56 23:37 10:40
6 17:02 02:17 17:57 03:48 17:05 03:37 17:24 05:46 17:31 06:57 19:23 08:49 20:20 08:49 22:04 08:57 23:35 09:14 23:56 09:23 --:-- 10:52 --:-- 11:40 7 17:53 03:07 18:35 04:52 17:41 04:44 18:07 06:58 18:29 08:08 20:30 09:37 21:22 09:24 23:00 09:29 --:-- 09:55 --:-- 10:14 00:30 11:51 00:09 12:41 8 18:40 04:02 19:11 05:58 18:17 05:51 18:54 08:11 19:32 09:13 21:35 10:17 22:22 09:56 23:56 10:02 00:27 10:40 00:39 11:08 01:04 12:51 00:43 13:45 9 19:22 05:02 19:45 07:04 18:53 07:01 19:48 09:22 20:37 10:11 22:37 10:53 23:19 10:26 --:-- 10:38 01:16 11:30 01:20 12:05 01:38 13:53 01:20 14:51 10 20:01 06:04 20:20 08:11 19:33 08:11 20:46 10:29 21:43 11:01 23:36 11:25 --:-- 10:57 00:51 11:17 02:03 12:23 01:58 13:04 02:12 14:58 02:01 16:00
11 20:37 07:08 20:56 09:19 20:16 09:22 21:48 11:29 22:47 11:44 --:-- 11:56 00:16 11:29 01:45 12:00 02:46 13:20 02:33 14:05 02:48 16:06 02:48 17:11 12 21:11 08:12 21:35 10:27 21:04 10:32 22:52 12:21 23:48 12:21 00:33 12:26 01:11 12:03 02:36 12:47 03:26 14:19 03:08 15:08 03:29 17:16 03:42 18:19 13 21:45 09:17 22:19 11:35 21:57 11:39 23:55 13:07 --:-- 12:54 01:29 12:56 02:06 12:39 03:25 13:39 04:03 15:21 03:43 16:14 04:14 18:27 04:44 19:22 14 22:19 10:22 23:07 12:43 22:55 12:41 --:-- 13:46 00:47 13:24 02:24 13:28 03:01 13:20 04:10 14:35 04:39 16:24 04:19 17:21 05:05 19:37 05:50 20:19 15 22:55 11:28 --:-- 13:47 23:56 13:36 00:56 14:20 01:44 13:54 03:20 14:03 03:54 14:05 04:52 15:34 05:14 17:29 04:58 18:31 06:04 20:43 07:00 21:07
16 23:34 12:36 00:01 14:47 --:-- 14:25 01:55 14:52 02:40 14:24 04:14 14:41 04:44 14:55 05:31 16:35 05:49 18:35 05:40 19:42 07:08 21:41 08:09 21:50 17 --:-- 13:43 00:59 15:40 00:58 15:07 02:53 15:22 03:35 14:54 05:08 15:23 05:32 15:49 06:08 17:37 06:26 19:43 06:28 20:52 08:14 22:32 09:15 22:27 18 00:19 14:50 02:01 16:27 02:00 15:45 03:49 15:51 04:31 15:27 06:00 16:10 06:16 16:46 06:42 18:40 07:05 20:52 07:22 21:58 09:21 23:16 10:19 23:01 19 01:09 15:54 03:04 17:08 03:01 16:18 04:45 16:21 05:26 16:03 06:50 17:02 06:56 17:46 07:17 19:44 07:48 22:00 08:21 22:58 10:27 23:54 11:19 23:34 20 02:06 16:53 04:07 17:44 04:00 16:49 05:40 16:52 06:20 16:42 07:36 17:57 07:34 18:46 07:51 20:50 08:37 23:07 09:24 23:51 11:29 --:-- 12:18 --:--
21 03:07 17:46 05:09 18:17 04:58 17:19 06:36 17:26 07:14 17:26 08:18 18:54 08:08 19:48 08:27 21:56 09:31 --:-- 10:29 --:-- 12:30 00:28 13:15 00:05 22 04:12 18:31 06:08 18:48 05:55 17:48 07:31 18:03 08:05 18:15 08:57 19:54 08:42 20:50 09:07 23:03 10:29 00:09 11:33 00:37 13:28 01:01 14:12 00:38 23 05:17 19:11 07:06 19:17 06:51 18:19 08:25 18:44 08:53 19:07 09:32 20:54 09:15 21:54 09:50 --:-- 11:32 01:05 12:35 01:17 14:25 01:32 15:07 01:12 24 06:20 19:46 08:03 19:47 07:47 18:51 09:18 19:29 09:37 20:02 10:06 21:55 09:49 22:58 10:39 00:10 12:35 01:54 13:36 01:53 15:22 02:03 16:01 01:48 25 07:22 20:18 09:00 20:17 08:42 19:25 10:08 20:18 10:17 21:00 10:39 22:57 10:25 --:-- 11:34 01:14 13:39 02:38 14:35 02:26 16:17 02:36 16:54 02:28
26 08:21 20:48 09:55 20:50 09:37 20:03 10:55 21:11 10:55 21:59 11:12 --:-- 11:06 00:04 12:34 02:14 14:41 03:17 15:33 02:58 17:12 03:10 17:44 03:12 27 09:19 21:17 10:51 21:26 10:31 20:45 11:38 22:08 11:30 23:00 11:46 00:00 11:51 01:11 13:38 03:08 15:42 03:52 16:30 03:29 18:06 03:48 18:31 03:59 28 10:15 21:46 11:46 22:05 11:23 21:32 12:18 23:07 12:03 --:-- 12:24 01:06 12:42 02:18 14:43 03:57 16:42 04:24 17:27 04:01 18:59 04:29 19:15 04:50 29 11:11 22:17 12:40 22:49 12:12 22:23 12:55 --:-- 12:36 00:02 13:07 02:14 13:40 03:22 15:47 04:39 17:40 04:56 18:23 04:34 19:48 05:15 19:55 05:44 30 12:06 22:51 12:59 23:18 13:30 00:07 13:11 01:05 13:56 03:22 14:43 04:21 16:51 05:17 18:38 05:28 19:18 05:10 20:34 06:03 20:32 06:40
31 13:02 23:28 13:41 --:-- 13:48 02:11 15:49 05:15 17:52 05:52 20:12 05:49 21:07 07:37
28 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2012
lUnar oCCUltationsExcept near new and full Moon, occultations of all stars down to magnitude 6.0, visible from the three pairs of stations whose co-ordinates are tabulated below, are given in the following lists. The stars are referred to by their numbers in the Zodiacal Catalog (Astr. Papers of the American Ephemeris, X, part II, 1940). Long. (λ) Lat. (φ) Long. (λ) Lat. (φ) ° ° ° ° Greenwich 0.0 +51.5 Edinburgh -3.2 +56.0
Sydney +151.2 -33.9 Melbourne +145.1 -37.9 Dunedin +170.5 -45.9 Wellington +174.8 -41.3
Phase. The first letter indicates whether disappearance (D) or reappearance (R). The second letter indicates whether the limb is dark (D) or bright (B).Column 5 gives the Elongation of the Moon from the Sun. P is the position angle of the star, measured to the east (anticlockwise) from the northernmost point of the Moon’s limb.The time (T) of occultation at a place Δλ degrees east and Δφ degrees north of one of the stations for which a prediction is given may be found from:
T = predicted time + a.Δλ + b.Δφin which the coefficients a and b are given in the table in minutes. If the observer is west of the station, Δλ is taken as negative: similarly Δ φ is negative if the observer is south of the station. For distances up to 500 km the error will not usually exceed 2 minutes.
If the observer is at a place between two standard stations, for both of which the coefficients a and b are given, a better result can be obtained by using the values of a and b for a latitude midway between that of the observer and the nearer station. If φ1, a1, b1 apply to this station, and (φ2, a2,b2 to the more distant, and φ is the latitude of the observer, then
Example. Observer at Coventry, λ = -1°.5, φ = +52°.4. Disappearance of ZC1271 on February 6. The nearer station is Greenwich, the other Edinburgh.
a1 = +1.3 b1 = -1.0 φ1 = +51°.5 a2 = +1.2 b2 = -0.5 φ2 = +56°.0
whence a = +1.28 b= -0.90 Δλ = -1.5 Δφ = +0°.9.
Approximate time at Coventry = 23h 42m.3 + (+1m.28)(-1.5) + (-0m.90)(+0.9) = 23h 39m.5
note: The International Lunar Occultation Centre, Japan, closed in 2009, ending their occultation prediction service. Total occultation predictions from 2011 will be generated using “Occult 4” software by David Herald, to whom we are indebted for providing a plug-in that generates predictions in the same format as previous Handbooks.
When an occultation is given for one station of a pair, but not for the other, the exclusion indicates the event is probably not observable at that station due to a miss, Moon elevation too low, Sun elevation too high (bright twilight or daylight), or event occurs on the bright limb. Observability is determined by a sophisticated algorithm in ‘Occult’.More detailed lists of occultations are printed monthly in the Lunar Section Circulars. Alternatively, keen observers may like to download Occult to directly generate predictions accurate to +/-1 second at their site from http://www.lunar-occultations.com/iota/occult4.htm (free for non-commercial use). Links to information about serious occultation observing are on the Internet Resources page.
BAA Handbook 2012 Lunar Occultations 29
Lunar Occultations lUnar oCCUltations GREENWICH EDINBURGH E 0º.0 N 51º.5 W 3º.2 N 56 º.0
Date ZC Mag. Phase El. of Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m m º h m m m º
Jan. 6 631 5.6 DD 141 0 25.6 +1.0 -1.2 85 0 17.7 +1.1 -0.8 74 6 634 5.3 DD 142 1 23.8 +1.5 +1.3 30 11 1332 5.4 RD 156 5 02.1 +2.3 +0.7 223 4 56.4 +1.6 -0.3 231 11 1341 4.3 RD 156 6 05.5 -0.3 -2.8 352 5 53.7 -0.4 -2.9 358 14 1670 4.8 RD 118 4 01.9 +1.0 -1.1 317 3 54.5 +0.8 -0.9 322 27 3501 5.0 DD 51 15 55.2 -0.2 +3.9 356 31 432 5.8 DD 96 16 28.8 +1.8 +0.3 108 16 27.2 +1.3 +1.0 93Feb. 6 1271 5.9 DD 167 23 42.3 +1.3 -1.0 117 23 34.7 +1.2 -0.5 108 9 1605 6.0 RD 153 21 38.0 +0.6 +1.1 284 21 40.5 +0.4 +0.8 296 17 2595 5.7 RD 57 5 55.9 +1.3 +1.4 241 5 58.3 +1.1 +1.4 245 23 3482 5.7 DD 21 19 20.4 +0.0 -1.6 92 19 13.5 +0.1 -1.3 77 29 633 5.5 DD 86 16 35.2 +1.6 +0.5 94 16 34.2 +1.3 +1.1 79 29 651 6.0 DD 87 19 31.7 +1.0 -5.9 155Mar. 5 1341 4.3 DD 147 23 23.5 +1.6 -0.5 82 23 17.1 +1.6 -0.1 75 6 1359 5.2 DD 150 4 19.7 -0.1 -1.7 116 4 12.3 +0.0 -1.7 114 13 2228 5.8 RD 115 1 42.4 -0.6 -2.0 355 28 628 4.9 DD 58 0 04.1 -0.5 -1.3 95 29 847 3.0 DD 76 11 32.4 +0.1 +1.6 85 11 40.2 +0.0 +1.9 74 29 847 3.0 RB 76 12 36.1 +0.5 +1.6 268 12 41.3 +0.5 +1.4 281Apr. 1 1271 5.9 DD 113 19 16.4 +3.1 +5.6 40 2 1397 5.5 DD 128 23 32.2 +1.4 -0.8 69 23 24.5 +1.5 -0.6 64 25 847 3.0 DD 49 20 30.2 +1.5 +1.0 30 25 847 3.0 RB 49 20 52.0 -1.1 -4.2 348 29 1359 5.2 DD 96 22 51.2 +1.2 -0.6 53 22 44.4 +1.4 -0.5 47May 13 3185 5.1 RD 87 3 40.2 +0.9 +1.9 220 3 45.5 +0.8 +1.7 226 15 3453 5.0 RD 62 9 35.2 +1.2 +0.1 240 9 30.5 +1.3 -0.3 255Jun. 7 2865 5.7 RD 143 3 34.9 +2.1 -1.6 307 3 18.3 +3.0 -2.8 328Jul. 13 416 5.3 RD 66 7 21.5 +1.6 +0.8 248 15 Jupiter -1.9 DB 46 1 57.0 Graze Nearby 15 Europa 5.9 RD 46 2 04.6 +1.2 -1.5 337 15 Io 5.6 RD 46 2 06.3 +1.5 -2.1 339 15 Jupiter -1.9 RD 46 2 09.3 Graze Nearby 15 Ganymede 5.2 RD 46 2 16.4 +1.1 -1.2 335 15 Callisto 6.2 RD 46 2 21.7 +1.0 -0.9 333 30 2708 5.9 DD 151 22 50.4 +1.4 -0.3 83 22 45.3 +1.2 -0.1 77
Aug. 11 628 4.9 RD 73 10 17.8 +0.7 -2.3 297 10 03.7 +0.7 -2.9 310 15 1141 5.5 RD 31 2 37.5 -0.4 +1.3 268 23 2172 4.5 DD 80 19 39.1 +1.2 -1.5 120 19 29.4 +1.1 -1.2 115 26 2635 5.5 DD 119 19 28.4 +1.6 -0.1 113 Sep. 3 68 5.8 RD 150 2 31.8 +1.3 +0.6 239 2 29.1 +1.3 +0.2 253
30 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2012
8 700 5.9 RD 95 2 18.7 +2.0 -1.4 323 13 1332 5.4 RD 38 2 38.9 -0.2 +1.3 274 2 44.8 -0.2 +1.1 288 20 2282 5.8 DD 63 19 43.7 +0.7 -1.3 88 26 3185 5.1 DD 141 21 30.3 +1.9 -0.3 99 21 24.7 +1.5 +0.1 88 27 3320 5.0 DD 154 23 31.4 +1.9 -1.6 113
Oct. 5 765 5.3 RD 115 23 56.1 +0.6 +1.6 266 0 01.2 +0.6 +1.4 278 7 915 4.6 RD 103 2 46.7 +1.5 -0.1 300 2 40.3 +1.3 -0.8 318 10 1309 5.6 RD 67 6 20.8 +0.4 -4.4 358 11 1397 5.5 RD 56 3 34.2 +0.5 +0.2 311 3 33.0 +0.4 -0.2 327 21 2865 5.7 DD 84 16 53.9 +1.8 -0.3 123
24 3287 5.8 DD 124 23 27.8 +0.3 +1.0 21 23 35.6 -0.5 +3.6 354 26 3512 5.6 DD 145 17 49.2 +0.8 +1.6 87 17 54.4 +0.6 +1.7 80 29 240 5.5 DD 171 1 07.0 +1.7 -2.5 117 0 54.1 +1.4 -1.2 98Nov. 1 614 5.5 RD 155 4 44.3 +1.2 -0.3 237 4 38.4 +1.0 -0.7 249 3 888 6.0 RD 133 5 30.8 +1.9 +1.2 223 5 27.8 +1.5 +0.1 237
3 895 5.9 RD 132 6 58.8 +1.6 +0.7 218 6 54.9 +1.2 -0.3 231 7 1359 5.2 RD 89 2 19.4 +0.8 -0.2 317 2 15.1 +0.6 -0.8 335 9 1587 5.9 RD 62 7 33.1 +1.0 -0.8 311 16 2633 3.8 DD 38 16 05.1 +1.2 -0.5 78 15 59.4 +1.1 -0.4 70 16 2633 3.8 RB 39 17 13.2 +0.9 -0.9 260 17 05.6 +1.0 -1.0 270
16 2638 5.3 DD 39 17 18.7 -0.8 +2.5 4 17 2814 4.9 DD 53 17 04.7 +1.5 -0.9 100 16 56.9 +1.2 -0.6 90 17 2828 5.8 DD 54 19 29.4 +0.0 +0.2 29 19 33.1 -0.6 +1.6 6 23 68 5.8 DD 128 21 47.5 +1.6 -0.8 90 21 40.8 +1.3 -0.1 74 30 940 5.8 RD 156 19 09.1 +0.4 -0.1 325
Dec. 3 1318 5.9 RD 121 22 37.4 +0.3 +1.3 281 22 41.7 +0.2 +1.0 295 4 1332 5.4 RD 119 3 46.3 +0.6 -3.2 347 3 24.9 -1.0 -9.3 11 7 1670 4.8 RD 81 9 20.6 +1.5 -0.7 240 9 12.5 +1.4 -0.8 244 26 765 5.3 DD 162 18 21.7 +0.4 +2.0 69 18 30.8 +0.2 +2.4 56 27 915 4.6 DD 173 21 21.0 +1.0 +3.2 45 21 40.5 +9.9 +9.9 14
28 940 5.8 DD 175 2 25.0 +1.3 -0.8 77 2 17.9 +1.3 -0.4 67 31 1318 5.9 RD 148 6 16.1 +0.2 -2.3 320 6 04.9 +0.3 -2.3 324
Lunar Occultations lUnar oCCUltations GREENWICH EDINBURGH E 0º.0 N 51º.5 W 3º.2 N 56 º.0
Date ZC Mag. Phase El. of Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m m º h m m m º
BAA Handbook 2012 Lunar Occultations 31
Jan. 5 582 5.6 DD 137 15 05.7 +1.8 +2.9 40 6 709 4.3 DD 147 9 53.9 +2.9 -2.5 131 9 47.2 +2.7 -2.8 135 21 2633 3.8 DB 28 5 23.9 +0.1 +1.4 73 5 16.6 +0.4 +1.5 75 28 42 5.4 DD 60 11 02.4 +0.5 +2.3 42 10 50.2 +0.7 +2.1 51Feb. 2 660 4.3 DD 115 13 03.4 +1.6 +1.8 67 12 47.6 +1.6 +1.3 83 2 664 5.5 DD 116 13 48.1 +3.3 +6.2 20 4 946 3.5 DD 138 13 11.2 +3.2 +2.9 44 4 946 3.5 RB 139 13 52.0 +0.0 -2.2 345 5 1077 4.0 DD 149 9 14.2 +1.7 -1.6 116 9 11.3 +1.5 -1.9 121 12 1949 5.9 RD 116 17 16.9 +1.8 -1.3 296 17 09.5 +2.0 -0.8 276 15 2376 4.5 RD 76 17 08.4 +0.4 -2.5 316 17 13.9 +0.5 -1.8 296 16 2547 4.9 RD 61 23 39.9 +2.3 -0.5 294 23 27.6 +2.2 -0.2 285 29 599 4.4 DD 83 11 20.4 +1.3 +1.8 69 11 06.1 +1.4 +1.3 84 29 601 5.9 DD 83 11 40.5 +0.9 +1.3 86 11 30.3 +1.0 +0.9 101Mar. 6 1410 5.1 DD 155 15 34.0 -0.2 -2.8 175 10 1884 5.2 RD 150 12 51.4 +1.5 -0.9 267 12 44.4 +1.6 -0.3 246 13 2307 3.9 RD 109 12 37.1 -0.1 -1.1 277 12 41.4 +0.0 -0.9 261 13 2310 4.3 RD 109 12 47.3 +0.5 -0.1 238 12 41.0 +1.4 +2.4 207 15 2633 3.8 DB 82 14 39.4 -0.7 -2.9 145 15 2633 3.8 RD 82 15 14.2 +1.0 +0.9 219 6 14.5 +0.0 +1.4 257 15 2638 5.3 RD 82 16 01.5 +0.3 -2.1 300 16 06.4 +0.3 -1.5 281 15 2666 4.9 RD 79 22 04.1 +2.5 -0.5 290 21 50.8 +2.3 -0.2 281 16 2814 4.9 RD 68 18 25.3 +2.0 +4.1 198 17 2969 3.1 DB 54 23 45.7 +2.0 +1.3 70 23 28.8 +2.0 +1.0 73 18 2969 3.1 RD 54 1 05.7 +1.1 +2.0 235 0 50.3 +1.3 +2.0 235 18 3093 4.5 RD 42 22 33.1 +0.7 +4.2 189 22 10.4 +0.2 +6.2 177Apr. 6 1815 4.7 DD 174 10 10.9 +0.9 -1.5 112 10 13.0 +0.6 -1.8 127 9 2241 4.8 RD 142 11 09.6 +0.0 -1.7 301 11 15.5 +0.0 -1.4 286 9 2267 5.0 RD 139 16 26.8 +1.2 -3.9 336 14 3045 5.9 RD 73 18 52.2 +1.8 -0.1 253 18 42.5 +1.4 +0.1 241 24 634 5.3 DD 32 8 00.6 +0.5 -0.1 127 8 00.2 +0.2 -1.2 150 30 1410 5.1 DD 102 9 36.3 +1.6 -1.2 133 9 34.0 +1.1 -1.9 154May 2 1623 5.4 DD 127 8 06.4 +0.4 -3.2 170 4 1884 5.2 DD 155 9 19.7 +0.8 -2.1 136 9 25.3 +0.3 -2.6 155 6 2217 5.5 RD 171 20 50.0 -0.1 +1.5 251 7 2376 4.5 RD 158 18 17.7 -0.3 +7.3 195 1 10.3 -0.5 +2.4 222 8 2498 4.4 RD 147 10 33.4 +0.0 -1.4 286 10 38.1 +0.0 -1.0 269 8 2509 5.8 RD 146 12 01.2 +1.3 +0.3 235 11 46.9 +2.9 +4.9 199 12 3133 5.7 RD 91 17 41.4 +1.1 +3.1 196 17 19.9 +0.5 +6.4 177 31 1815 4.7 DD 122 6 22.6 +1.1 -1.2 94 6 22.8 +0.7 -1.6 109
Lunar Occultations lUnar oCCUltations SYDNEY MELBOURNE E 151º.2 S 33º.9 E 145º.1 S 37 º.9
Date ZC Mag. Phase El. of Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m m º h m m m º
32 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2012
Jun. 3 2241 4.8 DD 165 7 44.3 +0.4 -0.9 84 7 47.0 +0.1 -1.3 100 3 2267 5.0 DD 167 13 23.1 +2.3 +2.0 54 3 2307 3.9 DD 170 19 45.4 +0.2 -0.1 130 19 44.1 +0.4 -0.2 136 5 2639 6.0 RD 161 20 19.4 +0.1 +1.5 246 20 11.8 +0.3 +1.7 244 6 2826 3.9 DB 147 21 29.3 +0.7 +0.7 110 6 2826 3.9 RD 147 22 13.8 -0.3 +2.2 213 17 657 5.3 RD 19 21 04.5 +3.8 -7.2 332 28 1930 5.3 DD 108 13 11.7 +1.0 -2.5 162 30 2217 5.5 DD 136 16 15.3 +0.4 +0.4 112 16 10.5 +0.7 +0.3 119Jul. 2 2509 5.8 DD 161 8 12.8 +0.2 -2.2 129 8 24.4 -0.5 -3.7 155 6 3133 5.7 RD 143 10 53.3 +0.4 +0.3 229 25 1884 5.2 DD 77 9 59.0 +1.4 +0.4 105 9 50.2 +1.4 -0.3 122 28 2307 3.9 DD 118 12 17.5 +1.7 -0.1 114 12 08.2 +1.9 -0.8 125 28 2307 3.9 RB 118 13 23.4 +0.8 +1.8 247 13 10.1 +0.9 +2.3 238 29 2498 4.4 DD 134 17 36.0 +0.2 +0.1 128 30 2639 6.0 DD 146 14 11.0 +1.3 +1.5 70 13 56.6 +1.5 +1.3 75 31 2826 3.9 DD 160 17 06.4 +0.6 +1.2 85 16 57.1 +0.9 +1.2 87 31 2826 3.9 RB 160 18 03.1 -0.1 +1.7 237 17 55.9 +0.1 +1.8 235Aug. 21 1853 4.8 DD 47 9 55.1 +0.5 -0.7 141 9 55.9 +0.7 -1.7 158 24 2241 4.8 DD 86 6 42.9 +2.0 -1.2 111 6 39.0 +1.5 -2.2 131 28 2913 5.0 DD 142 16 04.8 -0.1 +2.4 32 15 54.8 +0.1 +2.5 34Sep. 7 631 5.6 RD 99 16 55.9 +3.7 -4.3 321 16 51.2 +2.9 -3.6 316 8 766 5.8 RD 88 15 57.1 +0.6 -0.1 237 15 55.1 +0.3 -0.1 233 24 2826 3.9 DD 108 3 23.5 +0.0 -1.6 107 3 32.3 -0.4 -2.4 128 24 2876 5.3 DD 112 14 31.1 -0.1 +2.1 41 14 22.6 +0.1 +2.2 44 24 2880 5.1 DD 113 15 21.7 -0.4 +2.1 36 15 15.1 -0.2 +2.1 40 26 3128 6.0 DD 136 11 44.4 +0.2 +4.3 6 11 25.8 +0.5 +3.9 9 29 3501 5.0 DD 170 8 07.9 +0.4 -0.8 80 Oct. 18 2302 2.6 DD 38 6 16.8 +1.7 +1.6 69 6 01.0 +1.8 +0.9 83 18 2302 2.6 RB 38 7 25.1 +1.5 +0.0 294 7 15.2 +1.5 +0.4 284 18 2303 4.8 DD 38 6 17.2 +1.7 +1.7 69 6 01.2 +1.8 +0.9 82 30 432 5.8 RD 170 17 45.2 +1.4 +1.7 251 17 28.6 +1.7 +1.9 240Nov. 5 1210 6.0 RD 104 18 59.1 +2.1 -1.0 302 18 49.1 +2.2 -0.8 288 7 1341 4.3 RD 91 0 05.1 +9.9 +9.9 214 18 2913 5.0 DD 62 10 50.4 +4.5 -7.1 151 29 752 4.6 RD 170 10 33.3 +1.4 -1.8 289 10 33.2 +1.0 -1.7 286 29 766 5.8 RD 169 13 54.7 +2.6 -0.7 283 13 42.4 +2.3 -0.8 278Dec. 2 1158 5.0 RD 137 13 20.0 +1.4 -1.4 280 13 18.3 +1.0 -1.4 275 12 2302 2.6 RD 17 5 31.9 +0.4 +1.1 267 5 24.1 +0.6 +1.4 261
Lunar Occultations lUnar oCCUltations SYDNEY MELBOURNE E 151º.2 S 33º.9 E 145º.1 S 37 º.9
Date ZC Mag. Phase El. of Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m m º h m m m º
BAA Handbook 2012 Lunar Occultations 33
Jan 20 2547 4.9 RD 33 15 38.2 +0.0 -0.7 242 15 34.5 -0.1 -0.9 258Feb 5 1077 4.0 DD 149 10 07.2 +1.6 -1.2 136 10 09.6 +1.8 -0.9 126 5 1077 4.0 RB 149 11 17.9 +2.1 +0.7 255 11 29.7 +2.0 +0.6 268 12 1949 5.9 RD 116 17 59.8 +1.6 +0.1 283 15 2376 4.5 RD 76 17 53.3 +1.3 -1.8 299 17 48.7 +1.3 -2.9 319 16 2509 5.8 RD 65 14 14.2 -0.3 -2.0 306 14 02.1 -0.6 -2.6 325 16 2547 4.9 RD 61 23 53.8 +0.6 +2.2 236 0 05.9 +0.6 +1.9 244 17 2666 4.9 RD 52 15 02.6 -0.1 -1.4 276 14 54.9 -0.2 -1.7 292 19 2969 3.1 DB 27 16 13.2 +0.2 +0.4 37 19 2969 3.1 RD 26 17 04.8 -0.1 -1.7 281 16 55.3 -0.2 -2.4 301 Mar 10 1884 5.2 RD 150 13 33.4 +1.8 -0.4 267 13 38.4 +1.8 -0.8 285 13 2307 3.9 DB 110 11 59.5 +0.0 -1.7 115 11 52.7 +0.2 -1.4 101 13 2307 3.9 RD 109 12 57.1 +0.6 -1.3 271 12 52.8 +0.5 -1.6 286 13 2310 4.3 RD 109 13 05.5 +1.3 +0.1 229 13 09.0 +1.1 -0.6 250 15 2633 3.8 DB 82 14 55.2 +0.2 -3.3 140 15 2633 3.8 RD 82 15 39.0 +1.7 +1.2 219 15 2638 5.3 RD 82 16 38.5 +1.2 -1.3 276 16 36.6 +1.4 -2.0 294 15 2666 4.9 RD 79 22 19.7 +0.7 +2.3 231 22 32.7 +0.7 +2.0 238 18 2969 3.1 DB 54 0 35.6 +6.2 -7.0 148 18 2969 3.1 RB 54 0 44.8 +9.9 +9.9 163 28 656 4.2 DD 60 2 17.5 +1.6 -0.6 78 Apr 6 1815 4.7 DD 174 10 51.1 +1.3 -1.2 112 10 53.4 +1.8 -0.7 95 9 2233 5.5 RD 143 9 59.2 -0.5 -3.0 342 9 2241 4.8 RD 142 11 36.4 +0.6 -1.8 295 11 29.9 +0.5 -2.2 312 9 2267 5.0 RD 139 17 25.3 +1.5 -0.5 305 17 27.5 +1.7 -1.7 323 14 3045 5.9 RD 73 19 03.1 +0.6 +3.9 188 30 1410 5.1 DD 102 10 07.5 +0.8 -0.3 136 10 11.1 +1.0 +0.2 118May 2 1623 5.4 DD 127 8 50.4 +0.5 -2.5 168 8 44.3 +1.1 -1.8 148 4 1884 5.2 DD 155 10 02.0 +1.1 -1.7 137 10 00.6 +1.5 -1.2 120 8 2498 4.4 RD 147 10 56.8 +0.7 -1.4 275 10 52.6 +0.7 -1.8 291 8 2509 5.8 RD 146 12 18.9 +2.4 +4.1 202 12 35.5 +1.8 +0.8 233 10 2826 3.9 RD 120 10 08.9 -0.1 -0.8 251 10 04.1 -0.1 -1.1 267 12 3128 6.0 RD 92 17 22.1 +2.2 -1.7 288 17 22.6 +3.3 -3.4 304 31 1815 4.7 DD 122 7 03.1 +1.6 -0.9 94 7 09.0 +2.3 +0.0 76 31 1853 4.8 DD 125 15 20.4 -0.1 +1.3 88 Jun 3 2233 5.5 DD 164 7 00.8 +1.4 +0.5 42 3 2241 4.8 DD 165 8 10.5 +0.9 -1.2 90 8 11.5 +1.4 -0.5 73 3 2267 5.0 DD 167 13 56.0 +1.3 +1.1 84 14 07.9 +1.2 +1.7 70Jul 2 2498 4.4 DD 160 6 56.0 +0.6 -1.3 90 6 54.5 +0.9 -0.7 73 2 2509 5.8 DD 161 8 56.8 +0.5 -4.7 155 8 45.7 +1.1 -2.4 129 6 3133 5.7 MD 144 10 41.0 +9.9 +9.9 161 6 3133 5.7 RD 144 11 02.4 +0.8 +1.9 200 6 3166 4.7 RD 140 19 25.2 +0.7 +1.5 263 19 34.7 +0.6 +1.4 267 13 465 4.4 RD 60 17 26.1 +1.1 -0.8 254 17 27.6 +1.4 -0.8 260
Lunar Occultations lUnar oCCUltations DUNEDIN WELLINGTON E 170º.5 S 45º.9 E 174º.8 S 41 º.3
Date ZC Mag. Phase El. of Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m m º h m m m º
34 Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2012
lUnar oCCUltations DUNEDIN WELLINGTON E 170º.5 S 45º.9 E 174º.8 S 41 º.3
Date ZC Mag. Phase El. of Moon UT a b P UT a b P º h m m m º h m m m º 25 1884 5.2 DD 77 10 17.1 +0.6 -0.7 148 10 18.0 +0.5 -0.1 131 28 2267 5.0 DD 115 5 34.4 +0.4 -3.2 152 5 25.1 +0.9 -2.2 130 30 2639 6.0 DD 146 14 26.1 +1.4 -0.2 133 14 31.5 +1.1 +0.2 123 31 2826 3.9 DD 160 17 12.3 +1.3 -1.3 148 17 13.5 +0.5 -0.2 136Aug 9 415 5.8 RD 92 13 21.2 +0.6 -1.3 266 12 817 4.9 RD 58 16 55.7 -1.0 +2.8 192 17 02.0 +0.1 +1.3 206 24 2233 5.5 DD 85 5 33.6 +1.7 -0.4 93 5 42.4 +2.1 +0.7 74 24 2241 4.8 DD 86 7 36.4 +1.6 -2.4 149 7 36.4 +1.8 -1.0 128 25 2425 5.9 DD 102 12 56.6 -1.7 +5.9 9 28 2913 5.0 DD 142 15 43.1 +0.0 +1.6 74 15 50.0 -0.1 +1.5 70Sep 7 631 5.6 RD 99 18 00.1 +2.0 +0.0 273 18 09.7 +2.2 +0.1 280 7 634 5.3 RD 98 18 35.9 +2.0 -1.0 320 18 37.1 +1.9 -2.8 335 21 2353 4.5 DD 69 5 41.1 +1.8 +4.8 30 24 2826 3.9 DD 108 3 56.7 +0.4 -3.9 139 3 46.1 +0.8 -2.2 115 24 2826 3.9 RB 108 4 34.5 +1.4 +2.1 204 4 46.4 +1.5 +0.8 228 24 2876 5.3 DD 112 14 09.7 -0.1 +1.4 81 14 15.4 -0.2 +1.3 77 24 2880 5.1 DD 113 14 55.5 -0.3 +1.4 73 26 3128 6.0 DD 136 11 38.4 +1.3 +1.5 69 11 51.2 +1.2 +1.7 65Oct 18 2302 2.6 DD 38 6 32.6 +1.1 +0.2 121 6 38.8 +0.9 +0.6 110 18 2302 2.6 RB 38 7 26.5 +0.3 +2.1 240 7 36.3 +0.2 +1.7 250 18 2303 4.8 DD 38 6 38.7 +0.9 +0.6 109 18 2322 4.1 DD 39 9 20.0 -0.5 +2.3 42 9 28.6 -0.9 +2.8 31Nov 7 1410 5.1 RD 83 13 53.9 +0.1 -0.2 226 13 53.4 +0.4 -0.5 238 18 2876 5.3 DD 58 1 23.9 +1.4 +1.5 34 18 2880 5.1 DD 59 2 21.4 +1.3 +1.5 35 2 39.7 +1.2 +4.8 10 20 3166 4.7 DD 86 5 41.6 +1.3 +1.5 40 5 55.2 +1.2 +2.1 32 29 752 4.6 RD 170 11 12.0 +1.4 -0.3 243 11 17.6 +1.8 -0.2 249 29 766 5.8 RD 169 14 36.4 +1.8 +0.8 265 14 48.0 +1.8 +0.7 276Dec 2 1158 5.0 RD 137 14 04.1 +1.9 -0.5 258 14 10.7 +2.2 -0.5 267 17 3128 6.0 DD 55 8 43.9 +3.4 -5.2 149
BAA Handbook 2012 Grazing Lunar Occultations 35
Lunar Occultations grazing lUnar oCCUltationsThe map shows the tracks of stars to magnitude 6.5 which will graze the Moon’s limb and are expected to be observable from the observer’s position. Each track commences in the West at some arbitrary time given in the key and ends beyond the area of interest, except where the letters “A”, “B”, or “S” are given. “A” denotes that the moon is at a low elevation, “B” that the bright limb interferes, and “S” that daylight interferes. Dashed lines indicate that the graze takes place against the bright limb and dotted lines indicate a graze near the terminator. Tick marks are placed at exact 10-minute points on the tracks after the start time, which enables the approximate times of the grazes to be found at different places along the tracks.
Observers positioned on, or very near, one of these tracks may see the star disappear and reappear several times at the edge of features on the Moon’s limb. The recorded times of these events, to an accuracy of better than one second if possible, are valuable in the study of the shape and motion of the Moon.
Interested observers sited near to any of these tracks should contact the Director of the Computing Section at least two months before the event, giving the approximate latitude and longitude of their proposed observing site, and details of the event, including a limb profile, will be supplied to them. More details of individual grazes are given monthly in the Lunar Section Circulars. Software, free for non-commercial use, is available for observers to compute their own detailed individual graze predictions from: http://www.lunar-occultations.com/iota/occult4.htm
Key to the Map
2012 Time (UT) at the No. Star name ZC Mag beginning of the track Per cent N or S Cusp Limb in the west sunlit* limit angle ** d h m 1 56 Tauri 634 5.3 Jan. 6 1 32.2 89 N 10.1 D 2 60 Cancri 1332 5.4 Jan. 11 4 43.4 -96 S 2.6 B 3 2B Cancri 1198 6.0 Mar. 4 20 02.6 85 N 10.4 D 4 172B Libri 2228 5.8 Mar. 13 1 32.0 -71 N 0.1 B 5 29 Cancri 1271 5.9 Apr. 1 19 20.7 70 N 9.7 D 6 Zeta Tauri 847 3.0 Apr. 25 20 34.1 17 N 8.8 D 7 267B Sagitarii 2865 5.7 Jun. 7 3 06.5 -90 N 3.8 D 8 Jupiter -1.7 Jul. 15 2 04.5 -15 N 0.9 B 9 55 Leonis 1587 5.9 Jul. 22 20 49.0 14 N 6.1 B 10 115B Sagitarii 2704 5.9 Jul. 30 22 37.4 94 S 10.3 D 11 Pi Piscium 240 5.5 Aug. 8 1 22.6 -66 S 1.4 B 12 Lambda Piscium 3494 4.5 Sep. 1 23 42.1 -98 S 8.0 D 13 129 H1 Tauri 700 5.8 Sep. 8 2 03.1 -54 N 1.4 D 14 30B Cancri 1234 6.2 Sep. 12 5 28.6 -16 S 6.0 D 15 Kappa Aquarii 3320 5.0 Sep. 27 23 57.7 95 S 15.3 D 16 64 Orionis 913 5.1 Oct. 7 1 59.7 -61 S 0.2 B 17 54 Orionis 894 4.4 Nov. 3 6 01.9 -84 N 7.3 B 18 57 Orionis 895 5.9 Nov. 3 6 35.7 -84 S 7.6 D 19 162B Geminorum 1141 5.5 Nov. 5 3 35.9 -68 N 3.5 B 20 68 Orionis 940 5.8 Nov. 30 18 58.9 -95 N 9.6 D 21 HIP 40177 (Cnc) 1237 6.5 Dec. 3 7 12.4 -82 S 3.9 D 22 60 Cancri 1332 5.4 Dec. 4 3 17.6 -74 N 2.8 B 23 46 Capricornii 3185 5.1 Dec. 17 17 53.6 25 S 4.0 D 24 Kappa Aquarii 3320 5.0 Dec. 18 18 47.3 35 S 3.8 D 25 45 Cancri 1309 5.6 Dec. 31 3 00.9 -93 N 1.2 D
* A minus sign indicates a waning Moon** Graze occurs against [B]right limb, [D]ark limb, or near [T]erminator
note: Since the closure of the International Lunar Occultation Centre in 2009, and cessation of the prediction service, the Section is indebted to Dr Eberhard Riedel, International Occultation Timing Association (IOTA/ES), for supplying the map, data, and software for generating the graze predictions.
36 Grazing Lunar Occultations BAA Handbook 2012
Lunar Occultations grazing lUnar oCCUltations
BAA Handbook 2012 Planets 37
PlanetsThe ephemerides of all the planets (except the dwarf planets and the minor planets), and also the diagrams for Uranus and Neptune, are referred to the apparent equinox, so that the RA and Dec. required for setting on the telescope are obtained directly from the ephemeris. For the minor planets and comets, astrometric ephemerides referred to the equinox of 2000.0 are given. Thus they are directly comparable with star catalogues and atlases referred to this epoch; however, precession should be applied to their positions before setting on a telescope. The magnitudes given are visual. For the minor planets, it should be noted that photographic magnitudes are fainter by about 0m.7.
In the tables some headings are abbreviated, as follows:
Mag. = Visual magnitudePh. = Phase, the fraction of the area of the disk that is illuminated.Elong. = The elongation of the planet from the Sun (where + is east and – is west).CM = The longitude of the central meridian of Mercury.Δ = The distance from the Earth in astronomical units.P = Position angle of the axis of rotation, measured eastwards from the north point.Q = Position angle of the point of greatest defect of illumination. The position angle
of the line of cusps is Q±90°.r = Radius vectorTilt = The tilt of the north pole of the planet towards (+) or away from (-) the EarthDE = Planetocentric declination of the EarthDS = Planetocentric declination of the SunLS = The planetocentric longitude of the Sun, measured in the plane of the orbit
from its ascending node on the Martian equator and given as a direct and exact indicator of the Martian season. The Martian Vernal Equinox (N. Hemisphere) occurs when LS = 0°.
Longitudes of central meridians refer to the geometric disks.
The Sky Diary on p.5 lists astronomical phenomena in chronological order. Conjunctions in RA of (a) the Sun with Mercury and Venus, (b) the Moon with the planets Mercury to Saturn, and (c) the planets Mercury to Saturn with one another, are tabulated: the angular differences in declination are given for (b) and (c). Also given are the greatest elongations of Mercury and Venus, greatest brilliances of Venus, oppositions of the planets Mercury to Neptune and dwarf planet Pluto, eclipses, and three meteor showers (Quadrantids, Perseids and Geminids). Relative positions in the Diary are geocentric.
Example. Calculate the longitude of the central meridian of Mars on February 20 at 19h 45m UT (see note). From p.43:
Main table (Feb. 21) 349.50Interpolation table 4h 58.48+ 10m 2.44+ 5m 1.22+
(see note) = 349.50 - 62.14 = 287.36 = Rounded to 287.4
note: Evening times are calculated from the following midnight. Thus 19h 45m UT on February 20 is midnight (00h 00m UT) on February 21 minus 4h 15m .
38 Planets BAA Handbook 2012
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AU
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6° W
BAA Handbook 2012 Mercury 39
MerCUryMorning apparition
Greatest Elongation W Superior Conjunction Apr. 18 (27°) Feb. 7 Aug. 16 (19°) May 27 Dec. 4 (21°) Sep. 10When best seen: Northern Hemisphere: mid August Southern Hemisphere: mid April - mid May
2012 RA Dec. Mag. Diam. Ph. Elong. CM Δ h m ° ' " ° ° AUJan. -1 17 04.9 -21 38 -0.4 5.9 0.775 -21 152 1.149 4 17 33.7 -22 47 -0.4 5.5 0.840 -19 176 1.228 9 18 04.6 -23 34 -0.4 5.2 0.887 -17 200 1.292 14 18 37.0 -23 53 -0.4 5.0 0.921 -15 223 1.342 19 19 10.4 -23 41 -0.5 4.9 0.947 -12 246 1.379 24 19 44.5 -22 55 -0.7 4.8 0.967 -10 269 1.403______________________________________________________________________________
Mar. 29 23 41.7 -0 03 +2.8 11.0 0.075 -13 246 0.610Apr. 3 23 37.0 -1 59 +1.7 10.4 0.173 -20 278 0.649 8 23 40.6 -2 53 +1.0 9.5 0.274 -24 309 0.706 13 23 51.2 -2 45 +0.7 8.7 0.367 -27 337 0.773 18 0 07.2 -1 44 +0.4 8.0 0.451 -27 4 0.845
23 0 27.4 +0 01 +0.3 7.3 0.527 -27 29 0.920 28 0 50.9 +2 23 +0.1 6.7 0.600 -26 53 0.996May 3 1 17.5 +5 14 -0.1 6.3 0.673 -23 77 1.073 8 1 47.2 +8 29 -0.4 5.9 0.749 -20 100 1.147 13 2 20.2 +12 01 -0.7 5.5 0.830 -16 121 1.216 18 2 57.2 +15 40 -1.2 5.3 0.911 -11 142 1.274______________________________________________________________________________
Aug. 6 8 12.2 +16 02 +2.5 10.0 0.093 -13 198 0.674 11 8 14.1 +17 16 +1.1 8.8 0.221 -17 229 0.769 16 8 27.8 +17 56 +0.1 7.6 0.394 -19 256 0.889 21 8 52.6 +17 40 -0.6 6.6 0.594 -18 281 1.023 26 9 25.5 +16 15 -1.1 5.8 0.780 -15 304 1.151 31 10 02.5 +13 43 -1.3 5.4 0.912 -10 325 1.256______________________________________________________________________________
Nov. 24 15 08.6 -15 25 +1.3 9.0 0.159 -13 46 0.749 29 15 07.2 -14 52 0.0 7.8 0.391 -19 77 0.863Dec. 4 15 20.4 -15 53 -0.4 6.8 0.590 -21 105 0.986 9 15 42.2 -17 40 -0.5 6.1 0.729 -20 130 1.100 14 16 08.9 -19 36 -0.5 5.6 0.821 -18 154 1.196
19 16 38.5 -21 23 -0.5 5.3 0.882 -16 178 1.273 24 17 09.9 -22 51 -0.5 5.0 0.923 -14 201 1.334 29 17 42.7 -23 52 -0.6 4.9 0.951 -12 224 1.380
40 Mercury BAA Handbook 2012
MerCUryevening apparition
Greatest Elongation E Inferior Conjunction Mar. 5 (18°) Mar. 21 Jul. 1 (26°) Jul. 28 Oct. 26 (24°) Nov. 17 When best seen: Northern Hemisphere: mid February - early March Southern Hemisphere: October
2012 RA Dec. Mag. Diam. Ph. Elong. CM Δ h m ° ' " ° ° AUFeb. 23 23 11.0 -5 59 -1.2 5.6 0.875 13 40 1.211 28 23 40.9 -1 44 -1.0 6.1 0.732 16 62 1.096Mar. 04 0 04.5 +2 04 -0.5 7.0 0.529 18 86 0.960 09 0 18.0 +4 45 -0.4 8.2 0.307 17 113 0.824 14 0 19.0 +5 44 -1.9 9.5 0.124 13 143 0.708______________________________________________________________________________
Jun. 7 5 55.9 +25 17 -1.1 5.4 0.872 13 222 1.236 12 6 38.1 +25 12 -0.7 5.8 0.766 17 244 1.159 17 7 15.5 +24 15 -0.3 6.3 0.661 21 266 1.072 22 7 47.6 +22 41 0.0 6.8 0.565 24 289 0.984 27 8 14.0 +20 45 +0.3 7.5 0.475 25 313 0.898
Jul. 2 8 34.5 +18 40 +0.6 8.2 0.390 26 339 0.816 7 8 48.6 +16 39 +1.0 9.1 0.304 25 6 0.741 12 8 55.8 +14 55 +1.4 9.9 0.216 22 34 0.676 17 8 55.4 +13 43 +2.2 10.8 0.131 18 65 0.625 22 8 47.5 +13 15 +3.3 11.4 0.057 12 97 0.592______________________________________________________________________________
Sep. 25 12 50.9 -5 06 -0.6 4.9 0.947 11 73 1.380 30 13 19.8 -8 42 -0.4 5.0 0.919 14 95 1.353Oct. 5 13 47.9 -12 03 -0.3 5.1 0.886 17 118 1.314 10 14 15.2 -15 06 -0.2 5.3 0.848 20 142 1.265 15 14 41.9 -17 48 -0.2 5.6 0.802 22 166 1.205
20 15 07.5 -20 06 -0.1 5.9 0.743 23 190 1.133 25 15 31.1 -21 55 -0.1 6.4 0.665 24 215 1.049 30 15 51.2 -23 09 -0.1 7.0 0.558 24 241 0.955Nov. 4 16 04.5 -23 37 +0.2 7.9 0.413 22 268 0.855 9 16 06.2 -23 02 +0.9 8.9 0.229 17 299 0.758
BAA Handbook 2012 Venus 41
venUs
Greatest Elongation E Inferior Conjunction Greatest Elongation W Mar. 27 (46°) Jun. 6 (transit) Aug. 15 (46°)
2012 RA Dec. Mag. Diam. Ph. Elong. Δ h m ° ' " ° AUJan. -6 20 32.2 -20 45 -3.9 12.5 0.844 +32 1.330 4 21 22.1 -17 18 -3.9 13.1 0.820 +34 1.275 14 22 09.6 -13 05 -3.9 13.7 0.795 +37 1.217 24 22 54.9 -8 19 -4.0 14.4 0.767 +38 1.157Feb. 3 23 38.5 -3 13 -4.0 15.3 0.736 +40 1.093
13 0 20.8 +2 01 -4.0 16.3 0.702 +42 1.026 23 1 02.5 +7 11 -4.1 17.4 0.665 +43 0.957Mar. 4 1 43.8 +12 05 -4.1 18.9 0.624 +45 0.885 14 2 24.9 +16 33 -4.2 20.6 0.579 +45 0.811 24 3 05.7 +20 25 -4.2 22.7 0.529 +46 0.734
Apr. 3 3 45.4 +23 32 -4.3 25.4 0.473 +46 0.657 13 4 22.8 +25 50 -4.3 28.8 0.409 +45 0.580 23 4 55.4 +27 15 -4.4 33.1 0.336 +42 0.504May 3 5 20.1 +27 49 -4.4 38.7 0.252 +38 0.432 13 5 32.4 +27 32 -4.3 45.4 0.158 +31 0.368
23 5 28.3 +26 19 -4.2 52.5 0.066 +21 0.318Jun. 2 5 08.5 +24 01 -3.8 57.3 0.006 +6 0.291 12 4 43.3 +21 02 -3.9 56.7 0.013 -9 0.294 22 4 27.5 +18 35 -4.2 51.1 0.082 -23 0.326Jul. 2 4 27.1 +17 28 -4.3 44.0 0.174 -33 0.379
12 4 40.7 +17 33 -4.4 37.5 0.265 -39 0.445 22 5 04.7 +18 17 -4.3 32.2 0.345 -43 0.519Aug. 1 5 36.2 +19 10 -4.3 28.0 0.415 -45 0.595 11 6 13.2 +19 50 -4.2 24.8 0.477 -46 0.673 21 6 54.1 +19 59 -4.2 22.2 0.531 -46 0.751
31 7 37.7 +19 25 -4.1 20.1 0.580 -45 0.829Sep. 10 8 22.7 +18 04 -4.1 18.5 0.625 -44 0.904 20 9 08.3 +15 52 -4.0 17.1 0.666 -43 0.978 30 9 53.9 +12 55 -4.0 15.9 0.704 -41 1.049Oct. 10 10 39.2 +9 18 -4.0 14.9 0.739 -39 1.117
20 11 24.2 +5 11 -3.9 14.1 0.772 -37 1.183 30 12 09.0 +0 43 -3.9 13.4 0.802 -35 1.245Nov. 9 12 54.1 -3 54 -3.9 12.8 0.829 -33 1.303 19 13 40.0 -8 28 -3.9 12.3 0.854 -31 1.358 29 14 27.2 -12 45 -3.9 11.8 0.877 -29 1.409
Dec. 9 15 16.1 -16 34 -3.9 11.5 0.898 -26 1.456 19 16 07.0 -19 41 -3.8 11.1 0.916 -24 1.500 29 16 59.6 -21 53 -3.8 10.8 0.932 -22 1.540
42 Mars BAA Handbook 2012
Mars
Opposition: Mar. 3 2012 RA Dec. Mag. Diam. P Q Ph. DE DS LS h m ° ' " ° ° ° ° °Jan. -6 11 21.0 +7 11 +0.3 8.5 21 292 0.909 23.9 18.4 48 4 11 31.0 +6 26 +0.1 9.2 22 292 0.918 23.7 19.7 52 14 11 37.7 +6 01 -0.1 10.1 23 291 0.930 23.4 20.9 57 24 11 40.4 +6 03 -0.3 11.0 23 290 0.946 23.1 21.9 61Feb. 3 11 38.4 +6 33 -0.6 12.0 23 289 0.964 22.8 22.8 66
13 11 31.6 +7 31 -0.9 12.9 22 285 0.981 22.6 23.6 70 23 11 20.3 +8 51 -1.1 13.6 20 276 0.995 22.4 24.2 74Mar. 4 11 06.0 +10 18 -1.2 13.9 18 200 1.000 22.2 24.7 79 14 10 51.3 +11 35 -1.1 13.7 16 128 0.994 22.0 25.0 83 24 10 38.7 +12 29 -0.9 13.2 14 119 0.980 22.0 25.2 87
Apr. 3 10 30.2 +12 52 -0.7 12.4 13 116 0.962 22.1 25.2 92 13 10 26.6 +12 46 -0.4 11.5 12 114 0.943 22.4 25.0 96 23 10 27.7 +12 13 -0.2 10.6 12 113 0.926 22.8 24.7 101May 3 10 33.0 +11 17 +0.0 9.8 13 113 0.911 23.5 24.2 105 13 10 41.7 +10 03 +0.2 9.0 15 112 0.901 24.1 23.6 110
23 10 53.2 +8 34 +0.4 8.4 17 113 0.894 24.8 22.8 114Jun. 2 11 07.0 +6 51 +0.5 7.8 19 113 0.889 25.4 21.8 119 12 11 22.5 +4 57 +0.7 7.3 21 113 0.887 25.8 20.7 124 22 11 39.5 +2 53 +0.8 6.9 24 113 0.887 26.1 19.5 128Jul. 2 11 57.7 +0 41 +0.9 6.6 27 113 0.888 26.1 18.0 133
12 12 17.1 -1 37 +1.0 6.3 29 113 0.890 25.9 16.5 138 22 12 37.5 -3 59 +1.0 6.0 32 113 0.894 25.4 14.8 143Aug. 1 12 58.9 -6 24 +1.1 5.8 34 113 0.898 24.5 13.0 148 11 13 21.2 -8 50 +1.1 5.5 36 112 0.903 23.4 11.0 153 21 13 44.7 -11 14 +1.2 5.4 37 111 0.908 21.9 8.9 159
31 14 09.2 -13 35 +1.2 5.2 38 110 0.914 20.0 6.8 164Sep. 10 14 34.8 -15 49 +1.2 5.1 39 109 0.920 17.9 4.5 169 20 15 01.7 -17 55 +1.2 4.9 39 107 0.925 15.5 2.2 175 30 15 29.7 -19 48 +1.2 4.8 38 105 0.931 12.9 -0.2 180Oct. 10 15 59.0 -21 27 +1.2 4.7 37 102 0.937 10.0 -2.6 186
20 16 29.4 -22 47 +1.2 4.6 35 100 0.943 7.0 -5.0 192 30 17 00.9 -23 47 +1.2 4.6 32 97 0.949 3.8 -7.4 198Nov. 9 17 33.3 -24 23 +1.2 4.5 29 94 0.954 0.5 -9.8 204 19 18 06.3 -24 33 +1.2 4.4 26 91 0.959 -2.8 -12.2 210 29 18 39.7 -24 16 +1.2 4.4 22 88 0.964 -6.2 -14.4 216
Dec. 9 19 13.2 -23 33 +1.2 4.3 17 85 0.969 -9.4 -16.5 222 19 19 46.6 -22 22 +1.2 4.3 13 82 0.973 -12.6 -18.5 228 29 20 19.5 -20 46 +1.2 4.2 8 79 0.978 -15.5 -20.3 235
BAA Handbook 2012 Mars 43
longitUde of tHe Central Meridian of Mars
Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° °1 91.2 166.5 271.1 359.4 85.4 152.4 223.2 281.3 338.3 45.0 102.0 168.32 81.8 157.5 262.4 350.5 76.1 142.9 213.5 271.6 328.5 35.2 92.3 158.53 72.5 148.6 253.8 341.6 66.8 133.3 203.8 261.8 318.7 25.5 82.5 148.74 63.1 139.6 245.1 332.6 57.4 123.7 194.1 252.0 309.0 15.7 72.7 138.95 53.8 130.7 236.4 323.6 48.1 114.1 184.4 242.3 299.2 5.9 62.9 129.0
6 44.5 121.8 227.7 314.6 38.7 104.5 174.7 232.5 289.4 356.2 53.2 119.27 35.2 112.8 219.0 305.6 29.4 94.9 165.0 222.7 279.6 346.4 43.4 109.48 25.9 103.9 210.3 296.6 20.0 85.3 155.3 213.0 269.9 336.6 33.6 99.69 16.6 95.1 201.7 287.5 10.6 75.7 145.5 203.2 260.1 326.8 23.8 89.810 7.4 86.2 193.0 278.5 1.2 66.1 135.8 193.4 250.3 317.1 14.0 79.9
11 358.1 77.3 184.3 269.4 351.8 56.5 126.1 183.6 240.5 307.3 4.2 70.112 348.8 68.5 175.6 260.4 342.4 46.9 116.4 173.9 230.7 297.5 354.5 60.313 339.6 59.7 166.8 251.3 332.9 37.3 106.6 164.1 221.0 287.8 344.7 50.414 330.4 50.9 158.1 242.2 323.5 27.6 96.9 154.3 211.2 278.0 334.9 40.615 321.2 42.1 149.4 233.0 314.1 18.0 87.2 144.5 201.4 268.2 325.1 30.8
16 312.0 33.3 140.7 223.9 304.6 8.3 77.4 134.8 191.6 258.4 315.3 20.917 302.8 24.5 131.9 214.8 295.2 358.7 67.7 125.0 181.9 248.7 305.5 11.118 293.6 15.7 123.2 205.6 285.7 349.0 57.9 115.2 172.1 238.9 295.7 1.219 284.4 7.0 114.4 196.4 276.2 339.4 48.2 105.4 162.3 229.1 285.9 351.420 275.3 358.2 105.7 187.2 266.7 329.7 38.4 95.7 152.5 219.3 276.1 341.5
21 266.1 349.5 96.9 178.1 257.3 320.1 28.7 85.9 142.8 209.6 266.3 331.722 257.0 340.7 88.1 168.8 247.8 310.4 18.9 76.1 133.0 199.8 256.5 321.823 247.9 332.0 79.3 159.6 238.3 300.7 9.2 66.3 123.2 190.0 246.7 312.024 238.8 323.3 70.5 150.4 228.7 291.1 359.4 56.5 113.4 180.3 236.9 302.125 229.7 314.6 61.6 141.1 219.2 281.4 349.7 46.8 103.7 170.5 227.1 292.3
26 220.6 305.9 52.8 131.9 209.7 271.7 339.9 37.0 93.9 160.7 217.3 282.427 211.6 297.2 43.9 122.6 200.2 262.0 330.2 27.2 84.1 150.9 207.5 272.528 202.5 288.5 35.1 113.3 190.6 252.3 320.4 17.4 74.3 141.2 197.7 262.729 193.5 279.8 26.2 104.1 181.1 242.6 310.6 7.6 64.6 131.4 187.9 252.830 184.5 17.3 94.8 171.5 232.9 300.9 357.9 54.8 121.6 178.1 242.9
31 175.5 8.4 162.0 291.1 348.1 111.8 233.0
CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME
h ° h ° m ° m ° m ° 1 14.62 7 102.34 10 2.44 1 0.24 6 1.46 2 29.24 8 116.96 20 4.87 2 0.49 7 1.71 3 43.86 9 131.58 30 7.31 3 0.73 8 1.95 4 58.48 10 146.21 40 9.75 4 0.97 9 2.19 5 73.10 11 160.83 50 12.18 5 1.22 10 2.44 6 87.72 12 175.45 60 14.62
44 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2012
asteroids and dwarf Planets
ORBITAL ELEMENTS
Observers with binoculars or small telescopes may find these data useful in locating some of the brighter asteroids.
The data below, for asteroids brighter than magnitude 9.0 at opposition, have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center’s Minor Planet and Comet Ephemeris Service at:
http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html
Equinox of the elements J2000Epoch of the elements JD 2455600.5, 2011 Feb. 8.0 TT
No. Name a e i Node Peri M AU º º º º
2 Pallas 2.772 0.231 34.841 173.128 310.098 138.923 4 Vesta 2.361 0.088 7.134 103.905 149.862 2.087 5 Astraea 2.575 0.190 5.367 141.618 358.673 286.390 9 Metis 2.386 0.123 5.575 68.948 6.248 194.931 11 Parthenope 2.453 0.099 4.626 125.607 194.982 229.826 15 Eunomia 2.623 0.188 11.737 293.252 97.765 316.180 433 Eros 1.458 0.223 10.829 304.365 178.738 167.622
website
More information on asteroids and dwarf planets can be found on the website of the Asteroids and Remote Planets Section at:
http://www.britastro.org/asteroids
BAA Handbook 2012 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets 45
ePHeMerides
The geocentric data below, for asteroids attaining magnitude 9.0 or brighter, have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center Ephemeris Service at:
http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html
Equinox J2000Epoch JD 2455600.5, 2011 Feb. 8.0 TT
2 Pallas2012 RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º VJun. 29 0 28 09.6 +5 43 47 2.979 3.127 88.8 10.0Jul. 9 0 34 26.1 +5 24 44 2.817 3.109 97.0 9.9 19 0 39 17.1 +4 49 09 2.657 3.090 105.6 9.7 29 0 42 29.1 +3 54 36 2.504 3.072 114.8 9.5Aug. 8 0 43 50.4 +2 39 07 2.361 3.052 124.5 9.3 18 0 43 10.8 +1 01 28 2.232 3.033 134.9 9.1 28 0 40 26.6 -0 57 53 2.124 3.012 145.7 8.9Sep. 7 0 35 45.3 -3 15 43 2.039 2.992 156.8 8.6 17 0 29 26.0 -5 45 53 1.983 2.971 167.0 8.4 27 0 22 04.0 -8 19 04 1.957 2.949 169.9 8.3 Oct. 7 0 14 26.4 -10 44 41 1.963 2.928 161.3 8.4 17 0 07 22.7 -12 53 08 1.999 2.905 150.1 8.6 27 0 01 40.6 -14 37 36 2.060 2.883 138.7 8.8Nov. 6 23 57 53.6 -15 55 09 2.143 2.860 127.8 9.0 16 23 56 20.7 -16 45 56 2.242 2.837 117.4 9.1 26 23 57 08.8 -17 12 06 2.352 2.814 107.7 9.3Dec. 6 0 00 12.7 -17 16 56 2.468 2.790 98.6 9.4 16 0 05 22.3 -17 03 42 2.585 2.766 90.0 9.5 26 0 12 25.4 -16 35 36 2.701 2.742 82.0 9.6
4 vesta RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º VJul. 29 4 24 19.7 +16 18 30 2.908 2.543 59.3 8.3Aug. 8 4 38 40.3 +16 45 50 2.798 2.547 65.3 8.3 18 4 52 08.3 +17 06 08 2.683 2.551 71.6 8.2 28 5 04 30.5 +17 20 00 2.561 2.555 78.3 8.2Sep. 7 5 15 33.3 +17 28 15 2.436 2.558 85.3 8.1 17 5 25 00.2 +17 31 50 2.309 2.561 92.7 7.9 27 5 32 31.6 +17 31 58 2.182 2.564 100.6 7.8Oct. 7 5 37 48.4 +17 29 56 2.058 2.566 109.2 7.7 17 5 40 29.4 +17 27 08 1.940 2.568 118.4 7.5 27 5 40 15.9 +17 24 56 1.832 2.569 128.3 7.3
46 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2012
Nov. 6 5 36 58.8 +17 24 28 1.739 2.57 139.0 7.1 16 5 30 40.8 +17 26 31 1.664 2.571 150.4 6.9 26 5 21 48.4 +17 31 27 1.614 2.571 162.2 6.7Dec. 6 5 11 14.1 +17 39 22 1.590 2.571 173.2 6.5 16 5 00 09.2 +17 50 25 1.595 2.571 170.2 6.5 26 4 49 55.0 +18 05 03 1.629 2.57 158.5 6.8
5 astraea RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º VJan. 31 11 55 10.4 +3 06 25 1.302 2.099 132.6 10.0Feb. 10 11 54 51.6 +3 52 55 1.232 2.105 143.1 9.8 20 11 51 30.7 +5 00 09 1.179 2.113 154.3 9.5Mar. 1 11 45 36.6 +6 21 43 1.148 2.122 165.8 9.3 11 11 38 09.7 +7 47 31 1.141 2.133 174.9 9.0 11 30 26.2 +9 06 24 1.160 2.144 167.8 9.3 21 11 23 46.2 +10 08 24 1.203 2.156 156.5 9.6Apr. 10 11 19 13.4 +10 47 33 1.268 2.169 145.6 9.9 20 11 17 20.6 +11 02 17 1.351 2.183 135.4 10.2
9 Metis RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º VOct. 27 7 07 15.9 +23 48 35 1.555 2.094 108.4 10.0Nov. 6 7 14 44.9 +24 10 06 1.452 2.095 116.8 9.8 16 7 18 56.9 +24 40 33 1.358 2.097 125.9 9.6 26 7 19 26.4 +25 21 04 1.276 2.100 136.0 9.4Dec. 6 7 16 02.7 +26 10 38 1.209 2.104 146.9 9.1 16 7 08 56.5 +27 05 29 1.162 2.109 158.4 8.9 26 6 58 59.7 +27 59 04 1.139 2.114 169.9 8.6
11 Parthenope RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º VJul. 19 23 18 16.7 -7 17 30 1.426 2.211 129.0 10.1 29 23 18 29.1 -7 51 20 1.346 2.213 138.6 9.8Aug. 8 23 15 49.2 -8 44 07 1.283 2.215 149.1 9.6 18 23 10 30.0 -9 52 11 1.239 2.217 160.1 9.3 28 23 03 10.4 -11 08 19 1.217 2.220 171.0 9.1 Sep. 7 22 54 54.6 -12 23 06 1.220 2.224 173.3 9.0 17 22 46 56.6 -13 27 15 1.248 2.228 162.9 9.3 27 22 40 30.4 -14 13 25 1.300 2.233 151.7 9.6Oct 7 22 36 28.7 -14 38 05 1.372 2.239 141.0 9.9 17 22 35 17.2 -14 40 50 1.462 2.244 130.9 10.1
ePHeMerides4 vesta (cont.)
2012 RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V
BAA Handbook 2012 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets 47
Jan. 1 3 41 41.4 +31 15 01 1.412 2.251 139.2 8.6 11 3 42 21.1 +29 48 04 1.509 2.265 129.5 8.8 21 3 46 22.0 +28 36 03 1.621 2.281 120.2 9.1 31 3 53 20.1 +27 39 21 1.745 2.297 111.5 9.3Feb. 10 4 02 47.7 +26 56 18 1.876 2.314 103.4 9.5 20 4 14 17.7 +26 24 08 2.013 2.331 95.8 9.7Mar. 1 4 27 29.2 +25 59 48 2.154 2.349 88.6 9.8 11 4 42 01.9 +25 40 22 2.295 2.367 81.8 10.0
433 eros RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º VJan. 1 10 30 47.2 +25 37 00 0.230 1.141 128.4 9.4 11 10 39 35.4 +16 42 48 0.203 1.135 134.3 9.0 21 10 40 22.8 +6 13 24 0.185 1.134 140.8 8.7 31 10 33 19.0 -4 48 23 0.179 1.138 146.2 8.6Feb. 10 10 20 27.6 -14 38 49 0.184 1.147 148.3 8.6 20 10 05 17.8 -21 51 02 0.200 1.161 146.9 8.8Mar. 1 9 52 10.1 -26 03 09 0.224 1.179 143.7 9.2 11 9 44 30.3 -27 49 22 0.256 1.201 140.2 9.5 21 9 43 22.3 -27 57 28 0.293 1.226 136.7 9.9 31 9 48 33.8 -27 09 00 0.336 1.254 133.4 10.3
ePHeMerides15 eunomia
2012 RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º V
48 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2012
asteroid oCCUltations
OCCULTATIONS OF STARS BY ASTEROIDS AND DWARF PLANETSOccultation predictions for 2012 were selected by Tim Haymes from a world list of events computed and published annually by Edwin Goffin of the VVS (Flemish Astronomical Association). The BAA is very grateful to Mr Goffin for permission to publish his predictions in the Handbook.There is space here for only the most easily observable occultation events. Events were selected by retaining mainly those involving numbered minor planets, occulted stars brighter than visual magnitude 9.7, maximum occultation durations greater than 3 seconds, and magnitude drops greater than 1.0. Publication deadlines mean that events are necessarily computed up to 18 months in advance. Although prediction accuracy has improved vastly in recent years, significant uncertainties may remain when computed so far in advance. Observers are therefore advised to consult the following internet resources in the month prior to an event for updated predictions and detailed charts. The websites also list detailed predictions for hundreds more events in the regions they cover. (URLs confirmed valid at the time of going to press.)
http://asteroidoccultation.com/ - Steve Preston’s whole-world updated predictions with last-minute updates.
http://www.poyntsource.com/New/index.htm - Derek Breit - same as above but with direct links to individual tracks plotted on Google Earth and Google Maps.
ftp://ftp.ster.kuleuven.ac.be/dist/vvs/asteroids/ - the VVS website hosting Edwin Goffin’s predictions (computation details, postscript and PDF charts).
http://mpocc.astro.cz/ - the Czech Astronomical Society’s Europe, North Africa and Middle East subset of the above but including charts in GIF format and updates.
http://www.astrosurf.com/eaon - the European Asteroidal Occultation Network’s (EAON) predictions for Europe, with ‘extra’ predictions, information, and occultation links.
http://www.hristopavlov.net/OccultWatcher/OccultWatcher.html - Hristo Pavlov’s excellent ‘OccultWatcher’ collaboration software. This generates detailed personalised predictions for your own site with links to Google Track Maps and much more. It also helps to coordinate observations worldwide.
In the table of predictions below: Time = UT of closest geocentric approach.
Region of Visibility codes (RoV): 1 = North and Central America, 2 = South America, 3 = Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, 4 = South Africa, 5 = Russia, 6 = Pakistan, India, and SE Asia, 7 = Japan, China and Taiwan, 8 = Australia and New Zealand.
BAA Handbook 2012 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets 49
Jan. 2 5 11 203 Pompeja 116 TYC 1875-02258-1 8.6 11.0 4.1 2 8 21 44 441 Bathilde 70 TYC 1307-01325-1 7.7 7.7 4.6 5 9 3 12 75 Eurydike 56 HIP 26946 8.3 5.3 4.8 1 12 6 02 1312 Vassar 36 HIP 53031 8.3 3.6 7.8 1 13 8 24 2145 Blaauw 34 TYC 4898-00463-1 9.0 3.8 6.4 1 13 23 01 426 Hippo 127 TYC 2866-01813-1 9.4 12.8 3.9 3, 5 16 3 43 1724 Vladimir 35 TYC 0231-01272-1 9.7 4.3 5.5 3 17 0 37 84 Klio 79 TYC 2453-01809-1 9.5 6.1 3.4 3 19 11 36 911 Agamemnon 167 HIP 41337 8.0 9.8 6.8 1 21 22 57 329 Svea 78 HIP 26188 7.1 9.3 6.6 3 22 23 14 924 Toni 85 HIP 50203 8.1 7.8 6.3 5 30 9 50 808 Merxia 32 TYC 1345-01037-1 9.3 4.4 3.9 8Feb. 1 2 05 84 Klio 79 TYC 1921-00086-1 9.0 7.4 4.3 1, 2, 3 5 17 42 411 Xanthe 77 TYC 1953-00117-1 9.6 5.2 4.0 3, 5, 8 17 1 32 25 Phocaea 75 TYC 5434-00170-1 8.9 5.3 3.7 1, 2 18 16 36 177 Irma 73 TYC 1865-01119-1 9.3 12.9 4.6 3, 5 26 17 10 449 Hamburga 86 TYC 6843-02324-1 8.7 3.1 6.3 8Mar. 4 18 09 22 Kalliope 181 TYC 2413-00078-1 9.5 17.7 2.0 4 6 4 15 - 2010 LJ109 ? HIP 69758 7.9 3.2 12.1 1, 2, 3 9 15 30 205 Martha 81 HIP 85875 7.0 4.2 7.7 8 10 11 07 585 Bilkis 58 TYC 0820-00356-1 9.6 9.5 3.6 8 11 4 15 57 Mnemosyne 113 TYC 0126-00781-1 9.7 7.0 2.9 1 21 0 34 5 Astraea 119 HIP 56136 8.3 16.3 1.4 1, 3 26 17 15 165 Loreley 155 TYC 1369-00162-1 8.7 26.4 4.8 6Apr. 1 0 03 1032 Pafuri 55 HIP 57752 9.2 5.1 5.4 3, 5 10 14 21 455 Bruchsalia 84 HIP 64064 8.7 5.6 5.0 7 15 21 04 223 Rosa 88 HIP 40565 8.6 6.2 6.4 3, 5 18 14 38 252 Clementina 69 HIP 68038 7.0 5.0 6.7 7 18 21 16 480 Hansa 56 TYC 6078-01876-1 9.5 5.0 3.2 3 22 6 42 237 Coelestina 41 HIP 61374 8.4 4.7 5.1 1 23 22 29 125 Liberatrix 44 TYC 6233-01316-1 9.4 16.7 3.6 6 24 4 54 49 Pales 150 TYC 4935-01040-1 9.0 14.0 4.4 1 28 1 50 1030 Vitja 64 TYC 4968-00661-1 9.7 5.8 4.5 1May 4 18 24 121 Hermione 209 TYC 0293-00278-1 9.3 20.5 4.1 3 5 8 20 1639 Bower 36 HIP 93931 8.5 18.7 7.5 2 8 17 55 81 Terpsichore 119 HIP 77374 9.2 8.5 4.4 4, 8 10 23 10 959 Arne 57 HIP 107509 7.6 3.1 8.3 6 11 12 40 28 Bellona 121 HIP 78870 6.5 10.5 4.7 7 12 10 09 754 Malabar 88 HIP 45366 9.0 4.4 5.6 8Jun. 1 2 47 859 Bouzareh 74 HIP 73737 8.8 5.8 6.1 2 7 23 49 669 Kypria 32 TYC 5141-00298-1 7.6 5.0 6.9 3 22 22 29 762 Pulcova 137 TYC 6728-00619-1 8.8 21.6 4.8 2 28 12 32 2127 Tanya 39 HIP 109087 8.8 6.6 7.3 8 29 1 51 1212 Francette 82 HIP 60843 8.5 5.1 7.4 2Jul. 1 14 30 677 Aaltje 29 HIP 78083 9.5 4.4 4.8 8 8 1 11 1057 Wanda 40 HIP 61969 6.9 3.3 10.4 1 15 4 21 4709 Ennomos 81 TYC 2291-00229-1 8.8 3.8 7.6 1 16 0 33 691 Lehigh 88 TYC 6887-00937-1 9.6 7.0 4.0 1 18 13 35 337 Devosa 59 HIP 68727 8.7 5.4 5.0 6 21 21 26 234 Barbara 44 TYC 5220-01101-1 9.6 7.1 1.6 3
asteroid oCCUltations Diam Max.Date Time Minor Planet (IRAS) Star reference V Dur. Mag. RoV2012 h m No. Name km Mag. sec. drop
50 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2012
28 15 55 111 Ate 135 HIP 105042 8.1 11.4 3.9 6, 7Aug. 5 21 39 335 Roberta 89 TYC 5624-00529-1 8.8 9.0 3.8 2 11 16 48 141 Lumen 131 FK6 5927 8.1 14.1 2.7 3 14 0 17 414 Liriope 70 TYC 0061-00501-1 9.4 5.6 6.1 3 15 4 48 58 Concordia 93 TYC 6329-00140-1 9.7 9.3 3.2 1 21 1 36 163 Erigone 73 TYC 5803-01823-1 9.4 6.3 3.3 2 23 13 34 983 Gunila 74 HIP 102631 6.4 6.8 7.9 8Sep. 2 1 32 1574 Meyer 59 HIP 5213 8.1 9.4 7.6 1 5 0 05 595 Polyxena 109 TYC 2392-00168-1 9.3 6.1 4.8 3 11 4 52 979 Ilsewa 37 TYC 0529-00289-1 9.4 4.8 4.6 1, 8 15 22 50 2141 Simferopol ? HIP 111287 7.5 3.1 7.2 1, 3 20 6 39 TNO 2000 PD30 ~200 HIP 109357 8.0 5.3 16.0 1 20 21 38 460 Scania 22 TYC 0625-00659-1 9.2 4.0 5.0 3, 5Oct. 3 7 01 187 Lamberta 130 HIP 41728 9.2 4.8 4.7 1 7 0 01 977 Philippa 66 HIP 2017 7.8 5.3 6.7 2 7 7 54 3 Juno 234 HIP 80159 8.4 8.1 3.1 8 10 0 29 1867 Deiphobus 123 FK6 3851 7.6 8.3 7.9 1, 3 14 8 12 304 Olga 68 TYC 4750-00941-1 9.1 9.3 4.4 1 15 9 52 191 Kolga 101 HIP 33947 8.8 7.9 5.4 1 26 1 44 1606 Jekhovsky ? HIP 5821 9.4 4.1 5.0 2 28 0 44 13 Egeria 208 TYC 2488-00479-1 8.1 10.1 3.4 3, 5 28 14 48 2223 Sarpedon 95 TYC 0610-00484-1 9.3 6.5 7.2 4, 6 29 14 52 171 Ophelia 117 HIP 91993 9.1 4.2 5.6 3 30 20 44 145 Adeona 151 HIP 9152 8.8 12.9 3.1 2Nov. 11 16 17 226 Weringia 34 HIP 7152 8.2 5.0 5.8 4 11 19 56 1596 Itzigsohn 50 HIP 106356 8.4 3.4 7.1 1, 3 17 8 09 19 Fortuna 200 HIP 100334 7.9 5.1 4.1 7 20 22 19 1470 Carla 37 TYC 1869-01487-1 9.0 3.8 6.8 3 22 11 56 1227 Geranium 42 TYC 2327-01629-1 8.9 3.6 6.2 3, 5 24 2 38 772 Tanete 118 HIP 42941 7.4 8.1 6.2 3 24 2 35 1309 Hyperborea 57 HIP 28558 9.4 6.8 5.1 1, 3 25 9 33 233 Asterope 103 TYC 5528-01463-1 9.3 3.1 4.8 1 28 0 04 670 Ottegebe 34 TYC 0725-01921-1 8.8 4.0 4.8 1, 3Dec. 1 2 07 177 Irma 73 TYC 0273-00410-1 9.7 3.1 5.9 3, 5 2 15 38 829 Academia 44 TYC 2401-00661-1 9.7 4.4 4.2 7 4 8 03 - 2009 WP104 0 HIP 109076 9.0 5.7 8.6 7 5 23 58 521 Brixia 116 TYC 1306-00268-1 9.0 12.4 1.9 1 10 0 21 1072 Malva 45 TYC 1430-00541-1 9.0 3.7 7.1 3 11 18 44 521 Brixia 116 HIP 26381 7.8 11.8 2.6 3, 6 15 7 08 1116 Catriona 39 HIP 33617 8.1 5.3 5.0 1 15 22 57 688 Melanie 41 TYC 0746-00977-1 9.2 3.4 5.9 1, 3 16 19 28 43 Ariadne 66 HIP 26599 7.6 4.9 3.5 1 17 23 01 631 Philippina 58 HIP 19719 5.4 5.4 7.4 1 19 0 56 410 Chloris 124 TYC 1896-01307-1 8.9 8.5 4.4 1, 3 19 20 15 469 Argentina 126 TYC 2912-01147-1 7.8 9.5 5.4 1 25 10 43 924 Toni 85 TYC 4974-00584-1 9.0 3.2 6.7 1 27 14 38 1201 Strenua 35 HIP 47111 7.6 10.0 8.4 8 27 19 18 1107 Lictoria 79 HIP 20885 4.0 9.1 9.4 1, 2, 3 29 15 12 986 Amelia 51 HIP 38228 7.0 3.6 7.1 3, 5, 7 30 7 51 356 Liguria 131 HIP 70437 9.1 4.5 5.2 1
asteroid oCCUltations Diam. Max.Date Time Minor Planet (IRAS) Star reference V Dur. Mag. RoV2012 h m No. Name km Mag. sec. drop
BAA Handbook 2012 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets 51
asteroid oCCUltations
1724 Vladimir & TYC 0231−01272−12012 jan 16 3h42.6m U.T.
Planet: Star: Source cat. TYC2
V. mag. = 15.13 Diam. = 38.2 km = 0.03" α = 9h23m26.157s δ = + 4°33'55.21"
µ = 26.52"/h π = 5.27" Ref. = EG2008 V. mag. = 9.66 Ph. mag. = 10.84
∆m = 5.5 Max. dur. = 4.3s Sun : 151° Moon : 60° , 53%
a = 2.71, e = 0.06
Vis.magn.scale
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
9h30 9h25 9h20 9h15
+4°
+5°
+6°
Right ascension (2000.0)
Dec
linat
ion
(200
0.0)
3h35m00s − 3h50m00s; int. 1m
A12_01113.ps : 2011-03-11 16:59:46 3961 Edwin Goffin, Hoboken, Belgium
52 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2012
asteroids - favoUrable observing oPPortUnitiesLIGHTCURVE OPPORTUNITIES
Prepared by Richard Miles based on an analysis of both numbered and unnumbered objects in the Minor Planet Center MPCORB database by Brian D. Warner.Asteroids are listed which at opposition are brighter than magnitude 14.5 and for which the rotation period is very uncertain or unknown.Where a ‘U’ code is given as ‘1’ or ‘1+’, the values given are based on fragmentary lightcurves and are likely to be incorrect.Period/amplitude data are taken from the list maintained by Brian D. Warner and Dr. Alan W. Harris of the Space Science Institute and Petr Pravec of the Astronomical Institute, Ondrejov, Czech Republic, at:
http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html
Asteroid Opposition V Number Name Date Mag. Δ Dec. U Period Amplitude m d AU ° Code h mag. 467 Laura 1 03.6 14.1 1.731 +29 1 >12 0.1 2003 AF23 1 07.5 * 14.3 0.045 +27 2003 AF23 1 07.8 14.4 0.047 +24 1771 Makover 1 11.9 14.0 1.860 +29 2950 Rousseau 1 12.8 14.4 1.333 +22 2569 Madeline 1 21.9 14.4 1.605 +33 1660 Wood 1 28.7 13.7 0.827 -25 319 Leona 2 10.7 14.4 2.231 +4 1 9.6 0.03 331 Etheridgea 2 14.5 14.3 2.296 +20 1 long 0.05 924 Toni 2 16.9 13.7 2.254 +12 1 21 0.1 498 Tokio 2 19.6 13.6 2.262 +22 1+ >20 0.36 162421 2000 ET70 2 20.6 * 13.1 0.046 -19 162421 2000 ET70 2 21.6 13.2 0.047 -24 609 Fulvia 2 24.5 14.3 2.165 +9 1+ 20 0.07 1421 Esperanto 3 04.9 14.4 1.920 +18 0.42 1032 Pafuri 3 15.2 14.4 2.103 +15 1+ >24 0.3 1269 Rollandia 3 21.6 13.7 2.557 +2 648 Pippa 3 25.9 13.9 1.978 -15 1+ 5 0.5 1212 Francette 3 27.1 14.3 2.392 +3 1 >16 0.03 1424 Sundmania 4 04.6 14.2 2.363 +0 1 >12 0.1 341 California 4 13.4 13.1 1.333 -8 1 8.74 0.07 1315 Bronislawa 5 11.7 13.9 1.976 -19 1 9 0.02 6027 1993 SS2 5 12.9 14.4 0.926 -9 437 Rhodia 5 27.8 12.5 1.122 -25 1 56 0.38 627 Charis 5 29.4 13.8 1.823 -12 3306 Byron 5 30.9 14.3 0.938 -16 1393 Sofala 5 31.1 14.4 1.154 -24 1 7.8 0.03 2007 LE 6 04.0 * 13.9 0.052 -6 2007 LE 6 05.4 14.1 0.060 -20 4724 Brocken 6 07.0 14.4 0.827 -17 3301 Jansje 6 23.4 14.3 0.891 -16 2717 Tellervo 6 29.3 13.9 0.841 -17 2412 Wil 7 02.1 14.2 1.266 -28 496 Gryphia 7 06.6 14.4 1.359 -16 1 18 0.05 1365 Henyey 7 23.4 13.8 1.093 -14 1905 Ambartsumian 7 28.5 14.2 0.921 -14 153958 2002 AM31 7 18.8 * 13.6 0.042 +47 2271 Kiso 8 03.9 14.0 1.582 -17
BAA Handbook 2012 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets 53
1539 Borrelly 8 06.9 14.4 1.925 -16 20899 2000 XB3 8 07.0 14.3 0.808 -8 4460 Bihoro 8 09.0 14.0 1.493 -25 6092 Johnmason 8 09.9 14.4 0.777 -17 2467 Kollontai 8 10.0 13.6 0.850 -14 1928 Summa 8 20.3 14.4 0.976 -8 1 9.66 0.14 930 Westphalia 8 25.2 13.5 1.094 -15 2019 van Albada 8 29.7 13.8 1.008 -2 602 Marianna 8 30.6 11.2 1.435 -6 1 30 0.3 3920 Aubignan 9 02.3 13.6 0.659 -22 2374 Vladvysotskij 9 07.2 14.4 1.465 -7 1332 Marconia 9 15.7 13.6 1.676 -4 3879 Machar 9 19.1 14.0 0.754 +10 366 Vincentina 9 20.8 12.7 2.014 +2 1 15.5 0.08 318 Magdalena 9 27.5 13.9 2.197 -4 1 59.5 0.11 5275 Zdislava 9 28.8 14.4 0.669 +13 1007 Pawlowia 10 01.4 14.1 1.420 +7 1 8.23 0.02 214869 2007 PA8 10 02.3 14.1 0.241 -2 1542 Schalen 10 04.0 13.9 1.752 +6 2820 Iisalmi 10 06.6 14.1 0.870 +8 2763 Jeans 10 08.1 13.8 0.940 +12 1606 Jekhovsky 10 14.1 13.9 1.009 +6 2583 Fatyanov 10 20.4 14.1 0.827 +5 518 Halawe 10 21.0 13.3 1.212 +10 1137 Raissa 10 23.5 13.1 1.232 +6 1 37 0.34 1264 Letaba 10 30.4 13.6 2.122 +25 1 32.16 0.13 214869 2007 PA8 11 02.3 * 11.4 0.048 -26 414 Liriope 11 04.0 14.3 2.323 +3 717 Wisibada 11 07.2 14.0 1.439 +19 671 Carnegia 11 11.7 14.3 1.953 +26 4352 Kyoto 11 21.7 13.9 1.224 +17 538 Friederike 11 24.7 13.2 1.818 +11 1 27 0.12 1278 Kenya 11 28.7 13.6 1.333 +14 1+ >24 0.1 964 Subamara 11 29.5 14.4 1.736 +30 1549 Mikko 11 30.5 14.2 1.071 +19 1+ 11.49 0.03 3322 Lidiya 12 01.2 14.0 0.995 +23 396 Aeolia 12 02.8 14.1 2.157 +22 1 >12 0.3 1052 Belgica 12 08.0 13.6 0.985 +19 644 Cosima 12 09.6 13.7 1.361 +22 1 15.13 0.16
* Date when brightest
asteroids - favoUrable observing oPPortUnities Asteroid Opposition V Number Name Date Mag. Δ Dec. U Period Amplitude m d AU ° Code h mag.
54 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2012
LOW PHASE ANGLE/OPPOSITION OPPORTUNITIESPrepared by Richard Miles based on data derived from the Minor Planet Center MPCORB database by Brian D. Warner.
Asteroids selected based on the following criteria: V<=14.5, Phase Angle<0.20 deg.
Asteroid Opposition Minimum V Maximum Number Name Date Phase Angle Mag. Dec. Period Amplitude m d ° ° h mag. 158 Koronis 1 01.6 0.02 12.7 +23 14.218 0.43 468 Lina 1 10.3 0.19 14.3 +23 16.33 0.18 2950 Rousseau 1 12.8 0.04 14.4 +22 213 Lilaea 1 22.8 0.01 12.8 +20 8.045 0.20 240 Vanadis 1 23.3 0.19 11.6 +20 10.64 0.34 96 Aegle 2 10.1 0.18 11.0 +15 13.82 0.29 243 Ida 2 16.7 0.03 13.6 +12 4.634 0.86 461 Saskia 2 16.8 0.14 14.0 +12 7.348 0.36 325 Heidelberga 3 03.2 0.13 13.1 +7 6.737 0.20 379 Huenna 3 30.1 0.19 13.9 -3 7.022 0.09 1132 Hollandia 4 19.6 0.03 13.5 -11 5.568 0.35 435 Ella 4 19.8 0.12 13.7 -12 4.623 0.45 1423 Jose 5 11.5 0.19 14.5 -17 12.307 0.85 1042 Amazone 5 12.0 0.18 14.4 -18 540 0.25 596 Scheila 5 31.1 0.15 11.7 -22 15.877 0.06 503 Evelyn 5 31.2 0.05 13.1 -22 38.7 0.50 128 Nemesis 6 06.5 0.03 11.2 -23 39 0.10 1482 Sebastiana 6 07.9 0.19 14.5 -23 10.489 0.75 5633 1978 UL7 6 10.0 0.06 14.5 -23 171 Ophelia 6 27.9 0.08 12.7 -23 6.66535 0.46 1461 Jean-Jacques 7 07.2 0.07 14.4 -23 16.56 0.09 431 Nephele 7 13.2 0.12 12.0 -21 18.821 0.30 628 Christine 7 13.8 0.10 12.1 -22 16.135 0.40 1006 Lagrangea 7 16.8 0.05 14.5 -21 32.79 0.17 2443 Tomeileen 7 23.0 0.16 14.2 -21 3.974 0.10 2271 Kiso 8 03.9 0.18 14.0 -17 6113 Tsap 8 04.8 0.16 14.5 -17 1539 Borrelly 8 06.9 0.13 14.4 -16 2043 Ortutay 8 15.5 0.05 14.5 -14 658 Asteria 9 20.5 0.10 14.0 -1 21.034 0.32 60 Echo 10 06.0 0.07 10.6 +5 25.208 0.22 2165 Young 10 10.2 0.03 14.5 +7 6.39 0.70 460 Scania 10 17.3 0.07 13.4 +10 9.56 0.05 90 Antiope 11 27.8 0.08 12.7 +21 16.509 0.90 858 El Djezair 11 30.0 0.06 14.1 +22 22.31 0.10 396 Aeolia 12 02.8 0.02 14.1 +22 >12 0.30 43 Ariadne 12 17.0 0.03 11.0 +23 5.762 0.66 486 Cremona 12 27.0 0.17 13.7 +24 65.15 1.00
asteroids - favoUrable observing oPPortUnities
BAA Handbook 2012 Asteroids and Dwarf Planets 55
neo Close aPProaCHes to eartHPrepared by Richard Miles from data on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Near Earth Object Program website at:
http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/ca/
It lists asteroids predicted to pass within 0.05 AU (about 7.5 million km) of the Earth during 2012 (as of 2011 Mar 15). Newly-discovered objects may be added to the list available via the JPL NEO site, so do check this for recent updates. The Nominal Miss Distance is given in Lunar Distances (LD) and Astronomical Units (AU). The apparent Elongation and Declination are geocentric. Ephemerides should be obtained near the time of observation from the MPC via its Minor Planet and Comet Ephemeris Service at:
http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html
For your local ephemerides, choose a location or observatory near your site. Note that the positions of some objects may be subject to significant uncertainty.
Object Close Nominal Relative H V Date Elongation Declination Approach Miss Distance Velocity Magnitude Magnitude when when when Date LD / AU km/s (brightest) brightest brightest brightest2003 AF23 Jan. 4.5 14.1 / 0.0361 16.2 20.6 14.3 Jan. 7 175 +282006 CJ Feb. 1.3 17.6 / 0.0453 21.9 20.1 17.1 Feb. 4 89 -81993 DA Feb. 17.3 15.9 / 0.0410 6.6 26.4 20.8 Feb. 16 148 +35162421 Feb. 19.8 17.7 / 0.0454 11.5 18.1 13.1 Feb. 20 137 -192011 CP4 Feb 23.2 9.1 / 0.0233 30.5 21.2 16.0 Feb. 23 105 +232008 EJ85 Mar. 6.9 9.2 / 0.0237 6.5 25.0 19.8 Mar. 12 109 -62010 FR9 Mar. 22.3 18.4 / 0.0473 8.7 26.1 21.4 Mar. 18 137 -102004 RQ252 Apr. 13.2 15.1 / 0.0388 10.9 22.3 17.6 Apr. 17 130 -362007 HV4 Apr. 17.9 7.1 / 0.0183 9.2 28.7 21.6 Apr. 16 150 -292008 UC202 Apr. 29.8 10.2 / 0.0263 4.6 28.2 23.7 May 4 89 -51992 JD May 2.2 9.7 / 0.0249 7.0 25.0 18.9 May 2 1 30 -192010 KX7 May 4.9 15.9 / 0.0409 11.4 22.0 16.4 May 6 153 -291998 HE3 May 10.8 12.4 / 0.0319 11.9 21.7 16.0 May 7 150 +32010 KK37 May 20.0 0.5 / 0.0014 11.2 25.7 14.7 May 20 108 +52001 CQ36 May 30.6 10.0 / 0.0257 5.6 22.7 17.6 May 25 110 -402007 LE Jun. 2.3 18.6 / 0.0478 19.8 19.1 13.9 Jun. 4 155 -62005 GO21 Jun. 21.8 17.1 / 0.0440 13.3 16.4 14.7 Jun. 13 70 -42153958 Jul. 23.0 13.7 / 0.0351 9.6 18.1 13.6 Jul. 18 111 +472009 BW2 Aug. 9.0 13.1 / 0.0337 5.3 25.1 20.4 Aug. 15 116 -482007 PS25 Sep. 5.7 18.5 / 0.0475 8.4 25.3 21.5 Sep. 2 99 -362009 TK Oct. 6.5 17.7 / 0.0454 11.1 22.1 16.6 Oct. 6 154 -2214869 Nov. 5.7 16.8 / 0.0433 10.8 16.2 11.4 Nov. 2 132 -262009 WB105 Nov. 25.0 15.5 / 0.0398 18.9 23.3 17.0 Nov. 25 168 +252010 JK1 Nov. 25.7 9.3 / 0.0239 5.5 24.4 18.8 Nov. 30 117 -12009 BS5 Dec. 11.8 8.5 / 0.0218 5.7 27.4 21.9 Dec. 8 104 +70
4179 Toutatis Dec. 12.3 18.0 / 0.0463 11.9 15.3 10.5 Dec. 16 147 +13
* Lunar Distance: 1.0 LD = 3.844 x 105 km or 0.00257 AU
56 Trans-Neptunian Objects BAA Handbook 2012
trans-neptunian & scattered-disk objectsThe list, prepared by Richard Miles, comprises the date, magnitude, geocentric position and apparent motion, when at opposition in 2012 of the 25 most intrinsically bright objects known as of 2011 March. The sizes of the smaller objects listed are speculative given that they are based on an estimated albedo only. If you wish to observe an object then go to the website of the Minor Planet and Comet Ephemeris Service at:
http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html
Here you enter the date and the designation of the object(s) you wish to observe. Given the extreme distance of these objects, the geocentric position will be sufficiently accurate for any location on the Earth.
Object Opposition V H Approx. RA Dec. MotionNumber/Name Prov ID Date Mag. Mag. Diam. Δ Speed PA km AU h m º ' "/min º
(136199) Eris 2003 UB313 Oct. 15 18.7 -1.2 2400 95.54 1 41.0 -3 47.0 0.024 252
(134340) Pluto - Jun. 29 14.4 -0.7 2320 31.24 18 34.2 -19 20.5 0.064 263
(136472) Makemake 2005 FY9 Mar. 18 16.8 -0.4 1600 51.39 12 42.1 +27 34.8 0.042 297
(136108) Haumea 2003 EL61 Apr. 8 17.3 0.2 1500* 50.02 13 51.3 +18 43.8 0.043 295
(90377) Sedna 2003 VB12 Nov. 15 21.0 1.6 1800 85.76 3 34.7 +6 50.2 0.025 256
(225088) 2007 OR10 Aug. 25 21.1 1.7 1700 85.64 22 19.3 -13 47.7 0.026 252
(90482) Orcus 2004 DW Feb. 22 19.2 2.3 1400 47.02 9 52.1 -7 22.5 0.046 289
(50000) Quaoar 2002 LM60 Jun. 14 18.9 2.6 1250 42.08 17 31.2 -15 23.5 0.049 273
2007 JJ43 May 25 19.4 3.2 1000 40.46 16 04.1 -26 48.7 0.050 283
(55636) 2002 TX300 Oct. 17 19.5 3.2 1000 40.97 0 51.5 +30 53.6 0.051 247
(28978) Ixion 2001 KX76 Jun. 9 19.4 3.3 950 39.89 17 08.3 -25 34.8 0.052 272
(202421) 2005 UQ513 Oct. 11 20.3 3.4 900 47.62 0 24.3 +29 55.0 0.045 245
(174567) 2003 MW12 Jun. 3 20.4 3.4 900 46.51 16 56.3 -1 53.2 0.045 278
(55565) 2002 AW197 Feb. 12 20.1 3.4 900 45.23 9 27.7 +2 56.2 0.048 285
2005 QU182 Oct. 5 20.4 3.4 900 48.78 1 05.4 -7 17.1 0.043 248
(229762) 2007 UK126 Nov. 24 19.9 3.4 900 43.23 4 17.9 -1 25.6 0.048 261
(208996) 2003 AZ84 Jan. 18 20.2 3.6 850 44.31 7 47.2 +11 09.1 0.049 278
(120178) 2003 OP32 Aug. 25 19.8 3.6 850 40.77 21 55.8 +3 24.8 0.051 245
(20000) Varuna 2000 WR106 Jan. 14 20.0 3.6 850 42.62 7 43.6 +26 19.0 0.050 283
2002 MS4 Jun. 25 20.5 3.7 800 46.08 18 16.6 -7 52.7 0.045 270
(55637) 2002 UX25 Oct. 29 19.9 3.7 800 40.31 2 21.9 +9 42.3 0.052 247
2010 EK139 Apr. 20 19.7 3.8 750 37.62 13 16.6 -31 54.0 0.054 289
2006 QH181 Nov. 29 23.0 3.8 750 81.83 4 21.7 +18 59.4 0.028 262
(84522) 2002 TC302 Oct. 31 20.4 3.8 750 44.83 2 09.3 +23 45.8 0.048 256
(145452) 2005 RN43 Aug. 29 20.0 3.9 700 39.67 22 15.8 +0 26.1 0.052 246
*Haumea is asymmetric in shape being roughly 2000km x 1500km x 1000km in size.
BAA Handbook 2012 Dwarf Planets 57
dwarf Planets
ORBITAL ELEMENTSThe data below have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center’s Minor Planet and Comet Ephemeris Service at: http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html
Equinox of the elements J2000, Epoch of the elements JD 2455600.5, 2011 Feb. 8.0 TT No. Name a e i Node Peri M AU ° ° ° °
1 Ceres 2.765 0.079 10.587 80.392 72.525 156.360 134340 Pluto 39.510 0.248 17.136 110.312 114.224 30.712 136108 Haumea 42.979 0.198 28.213 122.005 240.164 204.327 136199 Eris 68.070 0.434 43.834 36.056 151.075 201.007 136472 Makemake 45.357 0.164 29.007 79.385 295.834 153.349
EPHEMERIDESThe geocentric data below have been extracted from the Minor Planet Center Ephemeris Service at:
http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/MPEph/MPEph.html
Equinox J2000, Epoch JD 2455600.5, 2011 Feb. 8.0 TT
1 Ceres2012 RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º VAug. 8 5 01 45.8 +19 08 13 3.144 2.771 59.5 9.0 18 5 15 25.0 +19 37 09 3.019 2.763 65.8 9.0 28 5 28 15.6 +20 01 45 2.887 2.755 72.4 8.9Sep. 7 5 40 06.2 +20 23 00 2.750 2.747 79.3 8.8 17 5 50 42.8 +20 42 03 2.610 2.739 86.5 8.7
27 5 59 48.7 +21 00 18 2.469 2.732 94.2 8.6Oct. 7 6 07 06.7 +21 19 14 2.330 2.724 102.3 8.4 17 6 12 16.7 +21 40 27 2.194 2.716 111.0 8.3 27 6 14 58.3 +22 05 25 2.067 2.708 120.3 8.1Nov. 6 6 14 54.9 +22 35 05 1.951 2.700 130.4 7.9 16 6 11 54.9 +23 09 41 1.850 2.693 141.1 7.6 26 6 06 01.7 +23 48 10 1.770 2.685 152.6 7.4Dec. 6 5 57 40.7 +24 28 19 1.715 2.678 164.6 7.1 16 5 47 39.5 +25 07 16 1.687 2.670 176.6 6.8 26 5 37 10.1 +25 42 17 1.689 2.663 170.1 7.0
58 Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2012
dwarf Planets134340 Pluto
RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º VApr. 10 18 39 41.3 -19 13 13 32.004 32.210 100.9 14.6 30 18 39 16.6 -19 13 18 31.698 32.221 120.5 14.5May 20 18 38 05.6 -19 14 32 31.450 32.232 140.1 14.5Jun. 9 18 36 19.7 -19 16 56 31.291 32.243 159.5 14.4 29 18 34 14.9 -19 20 21 31.240 32.255 176.1 14.4
Jul. 19 18 32 09.7 -19 24 30 31.305 32.266 160.7 14.4Aug. 8 18 30 22.7 -19 29 07 31.479 32.277 141.3 14.5 28 18 29 09.8 -19 33 50 31.743 32.288 121.9 14.6Sep. 17 18 28 42.6 -19 38 21 32.069 32.300 102.4 14.6
136108 Haumea RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º VJan. 31 13 54 04.1 +18 03 22 50.592 50.913 108.5 17.4Feb. 20 13 53 45.2 +18 15 57 50.325 50.910 125.8 17.4Mar. 11 13 52 58.0 +18 28 45 50.130 50.907 141.1 17.4 31 13 51 49.7 +18 40 03 50.028 50.903 150.9 17.3Apr. 20 13 50 30.5 +18 48 20 50.031 50.900 149.7 17.3
May 10 13 49 11.5 +18 52 33 50.135 50.897 138.6 17.4 30 13 48 03.7 +18 52 12 50.327 50.894 123.5 17.4Jun. 19 13 47 16.1 +18 47 19 50.583 50.891 107.1 17.4
136199 eris RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º VJul. 29 1 42 54.2 -3 31 18 96.290 96.527 103.2 18.8Aug. 18 1 42 41.5 -3 34 36 95.985 96.523 121.8 18.7Sep. 7 1 42 15.1 -3 38 42 95.742 96.520 140.3 18.7 27 1 41 38.0 -3 43 03 95.588 96.516 157.7 18.7Oct. 17 1 40 54.7 -3 47 03 95.543 96.513 166.6 18.7
Nov. 6 1 40 10.4 -3 50 04 95.614 96.509 154.5 18.7 26 1 39 30.9 -3 51 39 95.793 96.506 136.0 18.7Dec. 16 1 39 01.3 -3 51 28 96.060 96.502 116.5 18.7
136472 Makemake RA Dec. Δ r Elong. Mag. h m s º ' " AU AU º VJan. 11 12 44 49.5 +26 54 41 51.925 52.247 108.6 16.9 31 12 44 31.6 +27 07 06 51.669 52.250 125.7 16.9Feb. 20 12 43 44.0 +27 19 58 51.484 52.253 140.7 16.9Mar. 11 12 42 34.0 +27 31 26 51.393 52.255 149.9 16.9 31 12 41 11.9 +27 39 53 51.407 52.258 148.2 16.9
Apr. 20 12 39 49.4 +27 44 07 51.522 52.261 137.0 16.9May 10 12 38 38.0 +27 43 35 51.723 52.264 121.9 16.9 30 12 37 47.1 +27 38 18 51.986 52.266 105.5 16.9
BAA Handbook 2012 Dwarf Planets 59
Stars down to magnitude 12 are shown. Pluto is at opposition on June 29 at magnitude 14.3.Its brightness varies little throughout the year, ranging in V magnitude from 14.3 to 14.6.
Charts prepared using GUIDE 8.0.
dwarf Planets(134340) Pluto
60 Dwarf Planets BAA Handbook 2012
dwarf Planets(134340) Pluto
Detailed charts around the time of opposition. Jun. 1 to Jul. 1 Jul. 1 to Aug. 1
The charts show stars down to magnitude 15.
BAA Handbook 2012 Jupiter 61
JUPiter Opposition: December 3 Conjunction: May 13
Equat. Polar2012 RA Dec. Mag. Diam. Diam. Tilt Δ h m º ' " " º AU Jan. -6 1 54.8 +10 25 -2.6 44.4 41.5 +3.0 4.440 4 1 55.3 +10 31 -2.6 43.0 40.2 +3.0 4.589 14 1 57.1 +10 44 -2.5 41.5 38.9 +2.9 4.745 24 2 00.1 +11 03 -2.4 40.2 37.6 +2.9 4.906 Feb. 3 2 04.2 +11 28 -2.3 38.9 36.4 +2.9 5.066
13 2 09.3 +11 58 -2.3 37.8 35.3 +2.9 5.221 23 2 15.4 +12 32 -2.2 36.7 34.3 +2.9 5.369 Mar. 4 2 22.2 +13 08 -2.2 35.8 33.5 +2.9 5.506 14 2 29.7 +13 47 -2.1 35.0 32.8 +2.9 5.629 24 2 37.7 +14 27 -2.1 34.4 32.1 +2.9 5.738 Apr. 3 2 46.3 +15 08 -2.0 33.8 31.6 +2.9 5.830 13 2 55.2 +15 49 -2.0 33.4 31.2 +2.9 5.904 23 3 04.4 +16 29 -2.0 33.1 30.9 +2.9 5.958 May 3 3 13.9 +17 08 -2.0 32.9 30.8 +2.9 5.994 13 3 23.5 +17 46 -2.0 32.8 30.7 +3.0 6.009
23 3 33.1 +18 21 -2.0 32.8 30.7 +3.0 6.005 Jun. 2 3 42.7 +18 54 -2.0 33.0 30.8 +3.0 5.981 12 3 52.2 +19 24 -2.0 33.2 31.1 +3.0 5.938 22 4 01.6 +19 52 -2.0 33.5 31.4 +3.0 5.876 Jul. 2 4 10.6 +20 17 -2.0 34.0 31.8 +3.0 5.797
12 4 19.3 +20 38 -2.1 34.6 32.3 +3.0 5.702 22 4 27.5 +20 57 -2.1 35.3 33.0 +3.0 5.591 Aug. 1 4 35.1 +21 13 -2.2 36.1 33.7 +3.0 5.467 11 4 42.0 +21 26 -2.2 37.0 34.6 +3.0 5.333 21 4 48.0 +21 37 -2.3 38.0 35.5 +3.0 5.189 31 4 53.1 +21 45 -2.3 39.1 36.6 +3.0 5.040 Sep. 10 4 57.0 +21 50 -2.4 40.3 37.7 +3.0 4.888 20 4 59.7 +21 54 -2.5 41.6 38.9 +3.0 4.737 30 5 01.0 +21 55 -2.5 42.9 40.2 +3.0 4.590 Oct. 10 5 01.0 +21 55 -2.6 44.3 41.4 +3.0 4.454
20 4 59.5 +21 52 -2.6 45.5 42.6 +3.0 4.331 30 4 56.6 +21 48 -2.7 46.6 43.6 +3.0 4.227 Nov. 9 4 52.5 +21 42 -2.7 47.5 44.5 +3.0 4.147 19 4 47.5 +21 34 -2.8 48.2 45.0 +3.0 4.093 29 4 41.8 +21 25 -2.8 48.4 45.3 +3.0 4.070
Dec. 9 4 36.0 +21 15 -2.8 48.4 45.2 +3.0 4.077 19 4 30.5 +21 05 -2.7 47.9 44.8 +3.0 4.116 29 4 25.7 +20 57 -2.7 47.1 44.1 +2.9 4.184 39 4 21.9 +20 50 -2.7 46.1 43.1 +2.9 4.280
62 Jupiter BAA Handbook 2012
longitUde of Central Meridian of JUPiter
SYSTEM IDay Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º
1 269.5 119.7 12.2 219.1 268.3 115.9 167.0 17.6 230.4 287.9 145.9 207.2 2 67.3 277.4 169.9 16.7 65.9 273.5 324.8 175.4 28.3 85.9 304.0 5.2 3 225.1 75.1 327.5 174.3 223.6 71.2 122.5 333.2 186.2 243.9 102.0 163.3 4 22.9 232.8 125.2 332.0 21.2 228.9 280.2 131.0 344.1 41.8 260.0 321.3 5 180.7 30.5 282.8 129.6 178.9 26.6 78.0 288.8 142.0 199.8 58.1 119.3 6 338.5 188.2 80.4 287.2 336.5 184.3 235.7 86.6 299.8 357.8 216.1 277.4 7 136.2 345.9 238.1 84.9 134.2 342.0 33.4 244.4 97.7 155.8 14.2 75.4 8 294.0 143.5 35.7 242.5 291.8 139.7 191.2 42.2 255.6 313.7 172.2 233.4 9 91.8 301.2 193.4 40.1 89.5 297.4 348.9 200.1 53.5 111.7 330.2 31.5 10 249.6 98.9 351.0 197.8 247.1 95.1 146.7 357.9 211.4 269.7 128.3 189.5 11 47.3 256.6 148.7 355.4 44.8 252.8 304.4 155.7 9.3 67.7 286.3 347.5 12 205.1 54.3 306.3 153.1 202.5 50.5 102.2 313.5 167.2 225.7 84.4 145.5 13 2.9 211.9 103.9 310.7 0.1 208.2 259.9 111.3 325.1 23.7 242.4 303.5 14 160.6 9.6 261.6 108.3 157.8 5.9 57.7 269.2 123.0 181.7 40.5 101.5 15 318.4 167.3 59.2 266.0 315.4 163.6 215.4 67.0 281.0 339.6 198.5 259.5 16 116.1 325.0 216.9 63.6 113.1 321.3 13.2 224.8 78.9 137.6 356.5 57.6 17 273.9 122.6 14.5 221.3 270.8 119.0 171.0 22.6 236.8 295.6 154.6 215.6 18 71.6 280.3 172.1 18.9 68.4 276.7 328.7 180.5 34.7 93.7 312.6 13.6 19 229.3 78.0 329.8 176.5 226.1 74.4 126.5 338.3 192.6 251.7 110.7 171.6 20 27.1 235.6 127.4 334.2 23.8 232.1 284.2 136.2 350.6 49.7 268.7 329.5 21 184.8 33.3 285.1 131.8 181.4 29.8 82.0 294.0 148.5 207.7 66.8 127.5 22 342.5 191.0 82.7 289.5 339.1 187.5 239.8 91.8 306.4 5.7 224.8 285.5 23 140.3 348.6 240.3 87.1 136.8 345.2 37.6 249.7 104.4 163.7 22.9 83.5 24 298.0 146.3 38.0 244.7 294.4 143.0 195.3 47.5 262.3 321.7 180.9 241.5 25 95.7 303.9 195.6 42.4 92.1 300.7 353.1 205.4 60.2 119.7 339.0 39.5 26 253.4 101.6 353.2 200.0 249.8 98.4 150.9 3.3 218.2 277.8 137.0 197.4 27 51.1 259.2 150.9 357.7 47.5 256.1 308.7 161.1 16.1 75.8 295.0 355.4 28 208.9 56.9 308.5 155.3 205.1 53.8 106.5 319.0 174.1 233.8 93.1 153.4 29 6.6 214.6 106.1 313.0 2.8 211.6 264.2 116.8 332.0 31.8 251.1 311.3 30 164.3 263.8 110.6 160.5 9.3 62.0 274.7 130.0 189.9 49.2 109.3 31 322.0 61.4 318.2 219.8 72.6 347.9 267.3
CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME
h º h º m º m º m º 1 36.58 7 256.05 10 6.10 1 0.61 6 3.66 2 73.16 8 292.63 20 12.19 2 1.22 7 4.27 3 109.74 9 329.21 30 18.29 3 1.83 8 4.88 4 146.32 10 365.79 40 24.39 4 2.44 9 5.49 5 182.90 11 402.37 50 30.48 5 3.05 10 6.10 6 219.48 12 438.95 60 36.58
System I applies to all objects situated on or between the north component of the south Equatorial Belt and the south component of the North Equatorial Belt.
BAA Handbook 2012 Jupiter 63
longitUde of Central Meridian of JUPiter
SYSTEM IIDay Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 287.4 261.1 292.4 262.7 83.0 54.1 236.3 210.4 186.7 15.2 356.7 189.1 2 77.6 51.2 82.4 52.7 233.0 204.1 26.4 0.6 336.9 165.6 147.1 339.5 3 227.8 201.2 232.4 202.7 23.1 354.2 176.5 150.7 127.2 315.9 297.5 129.9 4 17.9 351.3 22.4 352.7 173.1 144.2 326.6 300.9 277.4 106.2 87.9 280.3 5 168.1 141.4 172.4 142.7 323.1 294.3 116.8 91.1 67.7 256.6 238.3 70.7 6 318.2 291.4 322.5 292.7 113.1 84.4 266.9 241.2 217.9 46.9 28.7 221.1 7 108.4 81.5 112.5 82.7 263.1 234.4 57.0 31.4 8.2 197.3 179.1 11.5 8 258.5 231.5 262.5 232.7 53.2 24.5 207.1 181.6 158.4 347.6 329.5 161.9 9 48.7 21.6 52.5 22.8 203.2 174.5 357.2 331.8 308.7 138.0 119.9 312.3 10 198.8 171.7 202.5 172.8 353.2 324.6 147.3 122.0 99.0 288.3 270.4 102.7 11 349.0 321.7 352.5 322.8 143.3 114.7 297.4 272.1 249.2 78.7 60.8 253.0 12 139.1 111.8 142.5 112.8 293.3 264.7 87.5 62.3 39.5 229.0 211.2 43.4 13 289.2 261.8 292.6 262.8 83.3 54.8 237.7 212.5 189.8 19.4 1.6 193.8 14 79.3 51.9 82.6 52.8 233.3 204.9 27.8 2.7 340.1 169.8 152.0 344.2 15 229.5 201.9 232.6 202.8 23.4 355.0 177.9 152.9 130.3 320.1 302.4 134.6 16 19.6 351.9 22.6 352.8 173.4 145.0 328.1 303.1 280.6 110.5 92.8 285.0 17 169.7 142.0 172.6 142.8 323.4 295.1 118.2 93.3 70.9 260.9 243.3 75.3 18 319.8 292.0 322.6 292.8 113.5 85.2 268.3 243.5 221.2 51.2 33.7 225.7 19 109.9 82.1 112.6 82.8 263.5 235.3 58.4 33.7 11.5 201.6 184.1 16.1 20 260.0 232.1 262.6 232.9 53.5 25.3 208.6 183.9 161.8 352.0 334.5 166.4 21 50.1 22.1 52.6 22.9 203.6 175.4 358.7 334.2 312.1 142.4 124.9 316.8 22 200.2 172.2 202.6 172.9 353.6 325.5 148.9 124.4 102.4 292.7 275.3 107.1 23 350.3 322.2 352.6 322.9 143.7 115.6 299.0 274.6 252.7 83.1 65.8 257.5 24 140.4 112.2 142.7 112.9 293.7 265.7 89.2 64.8 43.0 233.5 216.2 47.9 25 290.5 262.2 292.7 262.9 83.7 55.8 239.3 215.0 193.3 23.9 6.6 198.2 26 80.6 52.3 82.7 52.9 233.8 205.9 29.4 5.3 343.6 174.3 157.0 348.5 27 230.7 202.3 232.7 203.0 23.8 355.9 179.6 155.5 134.0 324.7 307.4 138.9 28 20.8 352.3 22.7 353.0 173.9 146.0 329.8 305.7 284.3 115.1 97.8 289.2 29 170.9 142.3 172.7 143.0 323.9 296.1 119.9 95.9 74.6 265.5 248.2 79.6 30 320.9 322.7 293.0 114.0 86.2 270.1 246.2 224.9 55.9 38.6 229.9 31 111.0 112.7 264.0 60.2 36.4 206.3 20.2
CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME
h º h º m º m º m º 1 36.26 7 253.83 10 6.04 1 0.60 6 3.63 2 72.52 8 290.09 20 12.09 2 1.21 7 4.23 3 108.78 9 326.35 30 18.13 3 1.81 8 4.83 4 145.05 10 362.61 40 24.17 4 2.42 9 5.44 5 181.31 11 398.87 50 30.22 5 3.02 10 6.04 6 217.57 12 435.14 60 36.26System II applies to all objects situated north of the south component of the North Equatorial Belt or south of the north component of the South Equatorial Belt.
64 Jupiter BAA Handbook 2012
longitUde of Central Meridian of JUPiter
SYSTEM IIIDay Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 257.6 239.6 278.6 257.2 85.5 64.8 255.1 237.4 221.9 58.5 48.2 248.6 2 48.1 29.9 68.9 47.4 235.8 215.1 45.4 27.8 12.4 209.1 198.9 39.3 3 198.5 180.2 219.1 197.7 26.1 5.5 195.8 178.3 163.0 359.7 349.6 189.9 4 348.9 330.6 9.4 348.0 176.3 155.8 346.2 328.7 313.5 150.3 140.2 340.6 5 139.3 120.9 159.7 138.3 326.6 306.1 136.5 119.1 104.0 300.9 290.9 131.3 6 289.8 271.2 310.0 288.5 116.9 96.4 286.9 269.6 254.5 91.5 81.6 281.9 7 80.2 61.6 100.3 78.8 267.2 246.8 77.3 60.0 45.0 242.1 232.3 72.6 8 230.6 211.9 250.6 229.1 57.5 37.1 227.7 210.5 195.6 32.7 22.9 223.3 9 21.0 2.2 40.8 19.4 207.8 187.4 18.1 0.9 346.1 183.4 173.6 13.9 10 171.4 152.5 191.1 169.6 358.1 337.7 168.4 151.4 136.6 334.0 324.3 164.6 11 321.8 302.8 341.4 319.9 148.4 128.1 318.8 301.8 287.2 124.6 115.0 315.2 12 112.2 93.2 131.7 110.2 298.7 278.4 109.2 92.3 77.7 275.2 265.6 105.9 13 262.6 243.5 282.0 260.4 89.0 68.7 259.6 242.7 228.2 65.9 56.3 256.5 14 53.0 33.8 72.2 50.7 239.3 219.1 50.0 33.2 18.8 216.5 207.0 47.2 15 203.4 184.1 222.5 201.0 29.6 9.4 200.4 183.6 169.3 7.1 357.7 197.8 16 353.8 334.4 12.8 351.3 179.9 159.8 350.8 334.1 319.9 157.8 148.4 348.5 17 144.2 124.7 163.1 141.6 330.2 310.1 141.2 124.6 110.4 308.4 299.1 139.1 18 294.6 275.0 313.3 291.8 120.5 100.4 291.6 275.1 261.0 99.0 89.7 289.8 19 84.9 65.3 103.6 82.1 270.8 250.8 82.0 65.5 51.6 249.7 240.4 80.4 20 235.3 215.6 253.9 232.4 61.1 41.1 232.4 216.0 202.1 40.3 31.1 231.0 21 25.7 5.9 44.2 22.7 211.4 191.5 22.8 6.5 352.7 191.0 181.8 21.6 22 176.0 156.2 194.4 172.9 1.7 341.8 173.2 157.0 143.3 341.6 332.5 172.3 23 326.4 306.5 344.7 323.2 152.0 132.2 323.6 307.4 293.8 132.3 123.2 322.9 24 116.8 96.8 135.0 113.5 302.3 282.5 114.0 97.9 84.4 282.9 273.8 113.5 25 267.1 247.1 285.3 263.8 92.6 72.9 264.4 248.4 235.0 73.6 64.5 264.1 26 57.5 37.4 75.5 54.1 242.9 223.3 54.8 38.9 25.6 224.2 215.2 54.7 27 207.8 187.7 225.8 204.3 33.2 13.6 205.3 189.4 176.1 14.9 5.9 205.3 28 358.2 338.0 16.1 354.6 183.5 164.0 355.7 339.9 326.7 165.5 156.6 355.9 29 148.5 128.3 166.3 144.9 333.9 314.3 146.1 130.4 117.3 316.2 307.2 146.5 30 298.9 316.6 295.2 124.2 104.7 296.5 280.9 267.9 106.9 97.9 297.1 31 89.2 106.9 274.5 87.0 71.4 257.5 87.7
CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME
h º h º m º m º m º 1 36.27 7 253.91 10 6.05 1 0.60 6 3.63 2 72.54 8 290.18 20 12.09 2 1.21 7 4.23 3 108.82 9 326.45 30 18.14 3 1.81 8 4.84 4 145.09 10 362.72 40 24.18 4 2.42 9 5.44 5 181.36 11 399.00 50 30.23 5 3.02 10 6.05 6 217.63 12 435.27 60 36.27
System III applies to the origin of radio emissions from the planet.
BAA Handbook 2012 Satellites of Jupiter 65
satellites of JUPiter
The satellites move from east to west across the face of the planet, and from west to east behind it. After conjunction with the Sun and before opposition, the shadow of Jupiter falls to the west, eclipse precedes occultation, and shadow-transit precedes transit. After opposition, the order of phenomena is reversed, occultation preceding eclipse and transit preceding shadow-transit.
Both phases of eclipse (EcD and EcR) and of occultation (OcD and OcR) of satellites III and IV may be seen if not too near opposition. Satellite I is much closer to the planet, and eclipse and occultation merge into one, OcD being followed by EcR after opposition and before conjunction, while EcD is followed by OcR after conjunction and before opposition. Satellite II normally behaves in the same manner but on rare occasions the separate phenomena of II may be observed. This happens when the planet is near quadrature and is tilted at almost the maximum amount.
On a few occasions all three of the inner satellites may be involved simultaneously in these phenomena. The motions of these three satellites are related in such a way that it is impossible for all three to undergo the same phenomenon at the same time.
The Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides supplies event timings in Terrestrial Time (TT). These have been converted to Universal Time (UT), closely, by subtracting one minute (see Tables on p.70-79), since ΔT is about one minute now. The times of phenomena are given for the centre of the satellite. The light of the satellite will therefore begin to fade before the times given here, and observation should commence several minutes before the predicted times.
Charts are included for all 12 months of the year, even though Jupiter will be in conjunc-tion with the Sun on April 6, and therefore not observable for a few weeks either side of this date.
For all charts the satellites are labelled:
I Io II Europa III Ganymede IV Callisto
66 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2012
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BAA Handbook 2012 Satellites of Jupiter 67
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68 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2012
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70 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2012
eCliPses, oCCUltations and transitsThe times are for mid-phenomena, i.e. for eclipses, the planet’s shadow bisecting the satellite; for other events, the planet’s limb bisecting the satellite or the satellite shadow. Abbreviations: Ec Eclipse; Oc Occultation; Tr Satellite Transit; Sh Satellite Shadow Transit; D Disappearance; R Reappearance; I Ingress; E Egress.
Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR
Jan.
0 III 10 44 12 48 15 55 17 47
0 I 16 40 20 05
2 II 09 05 11 36 11 43 14 10
2 I 11 08 14 33
4 I 05 36 09 02
5/6 II 22 22 00 53 01 03 03 30
6 I 00 04 03 31
7 III 14 32 16 40 19 57 21 49
7 I 18 32 22 00
9 II 11 38 14 10 14 22 16 49
9 I 13 01 16 29
11 I 07 29 10 58
13 II 00 56 03 28 03 42 06 09
13 I 01 58 05 27
14/15 III 18 26 20 35 23 59 01 50
14 I 20 26 23 55
16 II 14 14 16 46 17 01 19 28
16 I 14 55 18 24
18 I 09 23 12 53
20 II 03 34 06 06 06 22 08 48
20 I 03 52 07 22
21/22 I 22 21 01 51
21/22 III 22 24 00 35 04 01 05 51
23 I 16 50 20 20
23 II 16 53 19 25 19 41 22 07
25 I 11 18 14 48
27 I 05 47 09 17
27 II 06 13 08 45 09 01 11 27
29 I 00 17 03 46
29 III 02 26 04 39 08 03 09 53
Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE
Jan.
0 II 14 39 17 07 17 09 19 33
1 I 13 53 16 03 15 09 17 18
3 I 08 21 10 31 09 38 11 47
4 III 00 49 02 52 06 08 07 57
4 II 03 54 06 22 06 27 08 50
5 I 02 49 04 59 04 07 06 16
6/7 I 21 18 23 28 22 36 00 45
7 II 17 09 19 37 19 45 22 08
8 I 15 46 17 56 17 05 19 14
10 I 10 15 12 25 11 34 13 43
11 III 04 40 06 47 10 10 11 59
11 II 06 25 08 53 09 03 11 26
12 I 04 43 06 53 06 03 08 12
13/14 I 23 12 01 22 00 32 02 41
14/15 II 19 42 22 10 22 21 00 44
15 I 17 41 19 51 19 01 21 10
17 I 12 10 14 19 13 30 15 39
18 III 08 37 10 45 14 13 16 01
18 II 08 59 11 27 11 39 14 02
19 I 06 38 08 48 07 59 10 08
21 I 01 07 03 17 02 28 04 37
21/22 II 22 16 00 45 00 57 03 20
22 I 19 36 21 46 20 57 23 06
24 I 14 05 16 15 15 26 17 35
25 II 11 35 14 03 14 15 16 38
25 III 12 39 14 49 18 17 20 04
26 I 08 34 10 44 09 55 12 04
28 I 03 04 05 14 04 24 06 33
29 II 00 53 03 22 03 33 05 56
29/30 I 21 33 23 43 22 53 01 02
BAA Handbook 2012 Satellites of Jupiter 71
eCliPses, oCCUltations and transitsDate Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR
30 I 18 46 22 15
30/31 II 19 33 22 05 22 20 00 46
Feb.
1 I 13 15 16 44
3 I 07 44 11 13
3 II 08 54 11 27 11 40 14 06
5 I 02 13 05 42
5 III 06 34 08 48 12 05 13 55
6/7 I 20 43 00 10
6/7 II 22 15 00 48 00 59 03 25
8 I 15 12 18 39
10 I 09 41 13 08
10 II 11 38 14 10 14 19 16 45
12 I 04 11 07 37
12 III 10 45 12 59 16 08 17 56
13/14 I 22 40 02 06
14 II 01 00 03 32 03 38 06 03
15 I 17 10 20 35
17 I 11 40 15 04
17 II 14 23 16 55 16 58 19 23
19 I 06 09 09 32
19 III 15 01 17 15 20 10 21 59
21 I 00 39 04 01
21 II 03 45 08 42
22 I 19 09 22 30
24 I 13 39 16 59
24 II 17 09 22 02
26 I 08 08 11 28
26/27 III 19 18 21 33 00 12 02 01
28 I 02 38 05 57
28 II 06 33 11 21
29/1 I 21 08 00 25
Mar.
2 I 15 38 18 54
2/3 II 19 57 00 40
Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE
31 I 16 02 18 12 17 22 19 31
Feb.
1 II 14 12 16 41 16 51 19 14
1/2 III 16 45 18 56 22 19 00 06
2 I 10 31 12 42 11 51 14 00
4 I 05 01 07 11 06 20 08 29
5 II 03 32 06 01 06 09 08 32
5/6 I 23 30 01 41 00 49 02 58
7 I 18 00 20 10 19 18 21 27
8 II 16 52 19 21 19 27 21 50
8/9 III 20 54 23 06 02 21 04 08
9 I 12 29 14 40 13 47 15 56
11 I 06 59 09 09 08 16 10 25
12 II 06 12 08 41 08 45 11 08
13 I 01 29 03 39 02 45 04 54
14 I 19 59 22 09 21 14 23 23
15/16 II 19 33 22 02 22 04 00 26
16 III 01 07 03 19 06 23 08 10
16 I 14 28 16 39 15 43 17 52
18 I 08 58 11 08 10 12 12 21
19 II 08 55 11 23 11 22 13 44
20 I 03 28 05 38 04 41 06 50
21/22 I 21 58 00 08 23 10 01 19
22/23 II 22 16 00 45 00 40 03 02
23 III 05 24 07 36 10 25 12 11
23 I 16 28 18 38 17 39 19 48
25 I 10 58 13 08 12 08 14 17
26 II 11 38 14 07 13 58 16 21
27 I 05 28 07 38 06 37 08 46
28/29 I 23 58 02 08 01 06 03 15
Mar.
1 II 01 01 03 29 03 16 05 39
1 III 09 43 11 56 14 28 16 14
72 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2012
eCliPses, oCCUltations and transitsDate Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR
4 I 10 08 13 23
4/5 III 23 39 01 53 04 14 06 02
6 I 04 38 07 52
6 II 09 21 13 59
7/8 I 23 08 02 21
9 I 17 38 20 50
9/10 II 22 46 03 18
11 I 12 09 15 18
12 III 04 02 06 15 08 15 10 03
13 I 06 39 09 47
13 II 12 10 16 37
15 I 01 09 04 16
16 I 19 39 22 45
17 II 01 36 05 56
18 I 14 09 17 14
19 III 08 27 10 39 12 17 14 04
20 I 08 40 11 42
20 II 15 00 19 15
22 I 03 10 06 11
23/24 I 21 40 00 40
24 II 04 26 08 34
25 I 16 11 19 09
26 III 12 54 15 06 16 19 18 06
27 I 10 41 13 38
27 II 17 51 21 53
29 I 05 11 08 06
30/31 I 23 42 02 35
31 II 07 17 11 12
Apr.
1 I 18 12 21 04
2 III 17 23 19 33 20 21 22 08
3 I 12 42 15 33
3/4 II 20 42 00 30
5 I 07 13 10 02
Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE
1 I 18 28 20 38 19 35 21 44
3 I 12 58 15 08 14 04 16 13
4 II 14 23 16 52 16 34 18 57
5 I 07 28 09 39 08 33 10 42
7 I 01 58 04 09 03 02 05 11
8 II 03 46 06 15 05 52 08 15
8 III 14 06 16 17 18 30 20 16
8 I 20 28 22 39 21 31 23 40
10 I 14 59 17 09 16 00 18 09
11 II 17 09 19 38 19 10 21 33
12 I 09 29 11 40 10 29 12 38
14 I 03 59 06 10 04 58 07 07
15 II 06 33 09 02 08 29 10 52
15/16 III 18 31 20 42 22 33 00 19
15/16 I 22 29 00 40 23 26 01 36
17 I 17 00 19 10 17 55 20 05
18/19 II 19 57 22 25 21 47 00 10
19 I 11 30 13 41 12 24 14 34
21 I 06 01 08 11 06 53 09 02
22 II 09 21 11 49 11 05 13 28
22/23 III 22 57 01 08 02 35 04 20
23 I 00 31 02 42 01 22 03 31
24 I 19 01 21 12 19 51 22 00
25/26 II 22 45 01 14 00 23 02 46
26 I 13 32 15 42 14 20 16 29
28 I 08 02 10 13 08 49 10 58
29 II 12 10 14 38 13 41 16 04
30 I 02 33 04 43 03 18 05 27
30 III 03 25 05 34 06 36 08 22
31 I 21 03 23 14 21 46 23 56
Apr.
2 II 01 34 04 03 03 00 05 23
2 I 15 34 17 44 16 15 18 25
4 I 10 04 12 15 10 44 12 54
5 II 14 59 17 27 16 18 18 41
6 I 04 35 06 45 05 13 07 22
BAA Handbook 2012 Satellites of Jupiter 73
Jupiter in conjunction with the Sun: 2012 May 13d 13h
Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR
Jun.
10 II 10 51 14 12
11 I 14 03 16 44
13 I 08 32 11 14
13 III 12 32 14 21 14 35 16 35
14 II 00 09 03 36
15 I 03 01 05 44
16/17 I 21 29 00 15
17 II 13 26 17 00
18 I 15 58 18 45
20 I 10 27 13 16
20 III 16 32 18 21 19 04 21 02
21 II 02 44 06 24
22 I 04 55 07 46
23/24 I 23 24 02 16
24 II 16 01 19 48
25 I 17 52 20 46
27 I 12 21 15 17
27/28 III 20 32 22 22 23 31 01 29
28 II 05 18 09 11
29 I 06 50 09 47
Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE
Jun.
10 I 16 55 19 04 17 23 19 33
12 II 05 08 07 31 06 08 08 33
12 I 11 23 13 33 11 53 14 03
14 I 05 52 08 01 06 24 08 33
15 II 18 27 20 50 19 34 21 59
16 I 00 21 02 30 00 54 03 04
17 III 02 47 04 35 05 04 07 02
17 I 18 49 20 58 19 24 21 34
19 II 07 45 10 08 08 59 11 24
19 I 13 18 15 27 13 54 16 04
21 I 07 46 09 55 08 24 10 34
22/23 II 21 04 23 27 22 25 00 50
23 I 02 15 04 24 02 55 05 04
24 III 06 48 08 36 09 32 11 29
24 I 20 43 22 52 21 25 23 34
26 II 10 22 12 45 11 50 14 14
26 I 15 12 17 21 15 55 18 04
28 I 09 40 11 49 10 25 12 34
29/30 II 23 41 02 04 01 16 03 40
30 I 04 09 06 18 04 55 07 04
eCliPses, oCCUltations and transitsDate Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR
7 I 01 43 04 30
7 II 10 08 13 49
8 I 20 14 22 59
9/10 III 21 53 00 03 00 23 02 10
10 I 14 44 17 28
10/11 II 23 34 03 07
12 I 09 15 11 57
14 I 03 45 06 26
14 II 13 00 16 26
15/16 I 22 16 00 54
Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE
6 III 07 53 10 02 10 37 12 23
7/8 I 23 05 01 16 23 42 01 51
9 II 04 24 06 52 05 36 07 59
9 I 17 36 19 46 18 11 20 20
11 I 12 06 14 17 12 39 14 49
12 II 17 49 20 17 18 55 21 18
13 I 06 37 08 47 07 08 09 18
13 III 12 23 14 31 14 38 16 24
15 I 01 07 03 18 01 37 03 47
16 II 07 14 09 42 08 13 10 36
74 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2012
eCliPses, oCCUltations and transitsDate Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE
Jul.
1 III 10 48 12 37 13 59 15 55
1/2 I 22 37 00 46 23 25 01 34
3 II 12 59 15 22 14 40 17 04
3 I 17 06 19 15 17 55 20 04
5 I 11 34 13 43 12 25 14 34
7 II 02 18 04 41 04 06 06 29
7 I 06 03 08 12 06 55 09 04
8 III 14 48 16 37 18 23 20 19
9 I 00 31 02 40 01 25 03 34
10 II 15 37 17 59 17 30 19 53
10 I 19 00 21 09 19 55 22 04
12 I 13 28 15 37 14 24 16 34
14 II 04 56 07 18 06 55 09 18
14 I 07 57 10 06 08 54 11 03
15/16 III 18 47 20 37 22 46 00 41
16 I 02 25 04 34 03 24 05 33
17 II 18 14 20 36 20 18 22 41
17/18 I 20 54 23 02 21 54 00 03
19 I 15 22 17 31 16 23 18 32
21 II 07 33 09 55 09 43 12 05
21 I 09 51 11 59 10 53 13 02
22/23 III 22 47 00 37 03 07 05 01
23 I 04 19 06 28 05 23 07 32
24/25 II 20 51 23 14 23 06 01 28
24/25 I 22 48 00 56 23 52 02 01
26 I 17 16 19 25 18 22 20 31
28 II 10 10 12 33 12 30 14 52
28 I 11 45 13 53 12 51 15 00
30 III 02 47 04 37 07 26 09 20
30 I 06 13 08 21 07 21 09 30
31/1 II 23 29 01 51 01 52 04 14
Aug.
1 I 00 41 02 50 01 50 03 59
2 I 19 10 21 18 20 20 22 28
4 II 12 48 15 10 15 15 17 37
Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR
Jul.
1 I 01 18 04 17
1 II 18 36 22 35
2 I 19 47 22 47
4 I 14 16 17 17
5 III 00 33 02 23 03 58 05 55
5 II 07 53 11 58
6 I 08 44 11 48
8 I 03 13 06 18
8/9 II 21 10 01 21
9/10 I 21 41 00 48
11 I 16 10 19 18
12 III 04 34 06 24 08 23 10 20
12 II 10 28 14 43
13 I 10 39 13 48
15 I 05 07 08 18
15/16 II 23 45 04 06
16/17 I 23 36 02 48
18 I 18 04 21 18
19 III 08 34 10 26 12 46 14 42
19 II 13 02 17 28
20 I 12 33 15 47
22 I 07 02 10 17
23 II 02 19 06 50
24 I 01 30 04 47
25 I 19 59 23 17
26 III 12 34 14 26 17 07 19 02
26 II 15 36 20 11
27 I 14 27 17 47
29 I 08 56 12 16
30 II 04 53 09 33
31 I 03 24 06 46
Aug.
1/2 I 21 53 01 16
2 III 16 34 18 27 21 24 23 19
2 II 18 10 22 54
BAA Handbook 2012 Satellites of Jupiter 75
eCliPses, oCCUltations and transitsDate Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR
3 I 16 21 19 45
5 I 10 50 14 15
6 II 07 27 09 50 09 53 12 15
7 I 05 19 08 44
8/9 I 23 47 03 13
9/10 III 20 34 22 27 01 39 03 34
9/10 II 20 44 23 07 23 13 01 35
10 I 18 16 21 43
12 I 12 44 16 12
13 II 10 01 12 24 12 33 14 55
14 I 07 13 10 41
16 I 01 41 05 11
16/17 II 23 18 01 41 01 53 04 14
17 III 00 33 02 27 05 51 07 46
17 I 20 10 23 40
19 I 14 38 18 09
20 II 12 35 14 58 15 12 17 34
21 I 09 07 12 38
23 I 03 36 07 07
24 II 01 52 04 15 04 31 06 53
24 III 04 34 06 28 10 01 11 55
24/25 I 22 04 01 36
26 I 16 33 20 05
27 II 15 09 17 32 17 50 20 11
28 I 11 01 14 34
30 I 05 30 09 03
31 II 04 26 06 49 07 08 09 29
31 III 08 34 10 29 14 07 16 00
31/1 I 23 58 03 31
Sep.
2 I 18 27 22 00
3 II 17 43 20 06 20 25 22 47
4 I 12 55 16 28
6 I 07 24 10 57
7 II 07 00 09 23 09 43 12 04
7 III 12 34 14 30 18 09 20 01
Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE
4 I 13 38 15 47 14 49 16 58
6 III 06 47 08 38 11 42 13 35
6 I 08 07 10 15 09 18 11 27
8 II 02 06 04 28 04 37 06 59
8 I 02 35 04 43 03 48 05 56
9/10 I 21 03 23 12 22 17 00 25
11 II 15 25 17 47 18 00 20 21
11 I 15 32 17 40 16 46 18 55
13 I 10 00 12 09 11 15 13 24
13 III 10 47 12 39 15 56 17 49
15 I 04 29 06 37 05 44 07 53
15 II 04 43 07 05 07 21 09 42
16/17 I 22 57 01 05 00 13 02 22
18 I 17 25 19 34 18 42 20 51
18 II 18 02 20 24 20 42 23 03
20 I 11 54 14 02 13 11 15 20
20 III 14 46 16 39 20 06 21 58
22 I 06 22 08 30 07 40 09 48
22 II 07 20 09 42 10 03 12 24
24 I 00 51 02 59 02 09 04 17
25 I 19 19 21 27 20 38 22 46
25/26 II 20 39 23 01 23 23 01 44
27 I 13 47 15 56 15 06 17 15
27/28 III 18 45 20 38 00 12 02 04
29 I 08 16 10 24 09 35 11 43
29 II 09 57 12 19 12 43 15 03
31 I 02 44 04 52 04 04 06 12
Sep.
1/2 I 21 12 23 21 22 32 00 41
1/2 II 23 16 01 38 02 02 04 23
3 I 15 41 17 49 17 01 19 09
3/4 III 22 44 00 38 04 15 06 06
5 I 10 09 12 17 11 29 13 37
5 II 12 34 14 56 15 21 17 41
76 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2012
Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR
8 I 01 52 05 25
9 I 20 21 23 54
10/11 II 20 17 22 40 22 59 01 20
11 I 14 49 18 22
13 I 09 18 12 51
14 II 09 34 11 57 12 16 14 36
14 III 16 34 18 30 22 06 23 58
15 I 03 46 07 19
16/17 I 22 15 01 47
17/18 II 22 51 01 14 01 31 03 52
18 I 16 43 20 15
20 I 11 12 14 43
21 II 12 08 14 31 14 46 17 07
21/22 III 20 33 22 31 01 58 03 50
22 I 05 40 09 11
24 I 00 09 03 39
25 II 01 25 03 48 04 01 06 22
25 I 18 38 22 06
27 I 13 06 16 34
28 II 14 42 17 05 17 15 19 36
29 III 00 32 02 31 05 46 07 37
29 I 07 35 11 02
Oct.
1 I 02 03 05 29
2 II 03 59 06 22 06 29 08 49
2 I 20 32 23 57
4 I 15 00 18 24
5 II 17 16 19 40 19 42 22 02
6 III 04 32 06 31 09 29 11 19
6 I 09 29 12 52
8 I 03 57 07 19
9 II 06 34 11 15
9/10 I 22 26 01 46
11 I 16 54 20 13
Date Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE
7 I 04 38 06 46 05 57 08 06
8/9 I 23 06 01 14 00 26 02 34
9 II 01 53 04 15 04 39 07 00
10 I 17 34 19 43 18 54 21 02
11 III 02 43 04 38 08 14 10 04
12 I 12 03 14 11 13 22 15 31
12 II 15 11 17 33 17 57 20 17
14 I 06 31 08 39 07 50 09 59
16 I 00 59 03 08 02 18 04 27
16 II 04 30 06 52 07 14 09 34
17 I 19 28 21 36 20 46 22 55
18 III 06 43 08 38 12 09 13 59
19 I 13 56 16 05 15 14 17 23
19 II 17 48 20 10 20 30 22 50
21 I 08 24 10 33 09 42 11 51
23 I 02 53 05 01 04 10 06 18
23 II 07 06 09 29 09 47 12 07
24/25 I 21 21 23 30 22 38 00 46
25 III 10 42 12 39 15 59 17 49
26 I 15 49 17 58 17 05 19 14
26/27 II 20 24 22 47 23 02 01 22
28 I 10 18 12 26 11 33 13 41
30 I 04 46 06 55 06 00 08 09
30 II 09 43 12 06 12 17 14 37
Oct.
1/2 I 23 15 01 23 00 28 02 36
2 III 14 42 16 40 19 45 21 35
3 I 17 43 19 52 18 55 21 04
3/4 II 23 01 01 24 01 31 03 50
5 I 12 11 14 20 13 23 15 31
7 I 06 40 08 49 07 50 09 58
7 II 12 20 14 42 14 45 17 04
9 I 01 08 03 17 02 17 04 26
9/10 III 18 41 20 40 23 26 01 14
10 I 19 36 21 45 20 44 22 53
11 II 01 37 04 00 03 57 06 17
eCliPses, oCCUltations and transits
BAA Handbook 2012 Satellites of Jupiter 77
eCliPses, oCCUltations and transitsDate Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE
12 I 14 05 16 14 15 11 17 20
14 I 08 33 10 42 09 38 11 47
14 II 14 56 17 19 17 10 19 29
16 I 03 01 05 11 04 05 06 14
16/17 III 22 40 00 39 03 01 04 49
17/18 I 21 30 23 39 22 32 00 41
18 II 04 14 06 37 06 21 08 41
19 I 15 58 18 08 16 58 19 07
21 I 10 27 12 36 11 25 13 34
21 II 17 32 19 55 19 32 21 52
23 I 04 55 07 05 05 52 08 01
24 III 02 39 04 39 06 32 08 20
24/25 I 23 23 01 33 00 18 02 27
25 II 06 50 09 13 08 43 11 02
26 I 17 52 20 02 18 45 20 54
28 I 12 20 14 30 13 11 15 2028/29 II 20 08 22 32 21 53 00 12
30 I 06 49 08 59 07 38 09 47
31 III 06 38 08 40 09 58 11 46
Nov.
1 I 01 17 03 27 02 04 04 13
1 II 09 26 11 50 11 02 13 22
2 I 19 46 21 56 20 30 22 39
4 I 14 14 16 24 14 57 17 06
4/5 II 22 45 01 08 00 11 02 31
6 I 08 43 10 53 09 23 11 32
7 III 10 38 12 41 13 21 15 09
8 I 03 11 05 21 03 49 05 58
8 II 12 02 14 26 13 19 15 39
9/10 I 21 40 23 50 22 15 00 24
11 I 16 08 18 18 16 41 18 50
12 II 01 21 03 45 02 27 04 47
13 I 10 37 12 47 11 07 13 16
14 III 14 38 16 42 16 40 18 29
15 I 05 05 07 15 05 33 07 42
Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR
12/13 II 19 51 00 26
13 III 08 32 10 32 13 08 14 58
13 I 11 23 14 40
15 I 05 51 09 07
16 II 09 08 13 38
17 I 00 20 03 34
18 I 18 48 22 01
19/20 II 22 26 02 48
20 III 12 32 14 33 16 41 18 31
20 I 13 17 16 28
22 I 07 45 10 55
23 II 11 43 15 59
24 I 02 14 05 21
25 I 20 43 23 48
27 II 01 00 05 08
27 I 15 11 18 14
27 III 16 32 18 34 20 10 22 00
29 I 09 40 12 41
30 II 14 18 18 18
31 I 04 08 07 07
Nov.
1/2 I 22 37 01 33
3 II 03 36 07 26
3 I 17 05 20 00
3/4 III 20 31 22 35 23 35 01 24
5 I 11 34 14 26
6 II 16 53 20 35
7 I 06 03 08 52
9 I 00 31 03 18
10 II 06 11 09 43
10 I 19 00 21 44
11 III 00 31 02 35 02 55 04 44
12 I 13 28 16 10
13 II 19 29 22 50
14 I 07 57 10 36
16 I 02 26 05 02
78 Satellites of Jupiter BAA Handbook 2012
eCliPses, oCCUltations and transitsDate Sat. ShI ShE TrI TrE
15 II 14 39 17 03 15 35 17 55
16/17 I 23 34 01 44 23 59 02 08
18 I 18 02 20 13 18 25 20 34
19 II 03 57 06 21 04 42 07 03
20 I 12 31 14 41 12 51 15 00
21 III 18 38 20 43 19 57 21 46
22 I 06 59 09 10 07 17 09 26
22 II 17 15 19 39 17 49 20 10
24 I 01 28 03 38 01 42 03 52
25 I 19 56 22 07 20 08 22 18
26 II 06 33 08 57 06 56 09 17
27 I 14 25 16 36 14 34 16 44
28/29 III 22 38 00 44 23 11 01 02
29 I 08 54 11 04 09 00 11 10
29 II 19 51 22 15 20 03 22 24
Dec.
1 I 03 22 05 33 03 26 05 36
2/3 I 21 51 00 02 21 52 00 01
Date Sat. EcD EcR OcD OcR
17 II 08 46 11 58
17 I 20 54 23 28
18 III 04 30 08 02
19 I 15 23 17 54
20/21 II 22 04 01 05
21 I 09 51 12 20
23 I 04 20 06 46
24 II 11 22 14 12
24/25 I 22 49 01 12
25 III 08 30
26 I 17 17 19 38
28 II 00 40 03 19
28 I 11 46 14 04
30 I 06 15 08 29
Dec.
1 II 13 59 16 26
2 I 00 43 02 55
2 III 12 31 14 38
Jupiter in Opposition to the Sun: 2012 December 3d 2h
Date Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR
Dec.
3 I 19 11 21 23
5 II 03 12 05 42
5 I 13 37 15 51
7 I 08 03 10 20
8 II 16 19 19 00
9 I 02 29 04 49
9 III 15 55 18 39
10 I 20 55 23 17
12 II 05 25 08 18
12 I 15 20 17 46
14 I 09 46 12 15
15 II 18 33 21 37
16 I 04 12 06 44
Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE
Dec.
3 II 09 10 11 31 09 09 11 34
4 I 16 17 18 27 16 20 18 31
6 III 02 25 04 17 02 37 04 44
6 I 10 43 12 53 10 48 12 59
6/7 II 22 16 00 37 22 27 00 52
8 I 05 09 07 19 05 17 07 28
9/10 I 23 35 01 45 23 46 01 57
10 II 11 23 13 45 11 46 14 10
11 I 18 01 20 11 18 14 20 25
13 III 05 39 07 33 06 37 08 45
13 I 12 27 14 37 12 43 14 54
14 II 00 30 02 52 01 03 03 28
15 I 06 53 09 03 07 12 09 23
BAA Handbook 2012 Satellites of Jupiter 79
eCliPses, oCCUltations and transitsDate Sat. OcD OcR EcD EcR
16 III 19 11 22 41
17/18 I 22 38 01 12
19 II 07 40 10 55
19 I 17 05 19 41
21 I 11 31 14 10
22/23 II 20 48 00 14
23 I 05 57 08 38
23/24 III 22 28 00 26 00 32 02 42
25 I 00 23 03 07
26 II 09 56 13 33
26 I 18 49 21 36
28 I 13 16 16 05
29/30 II 23 05 02 52
30 I 07 42 10 33
31 III 01 47 03 49 04 32 06 44
32 I 02 08 05 02
Date Sat. TrI TrE ShI ShE
17 I 01 19 03 29 01 41 03 52
17 II 13 38 15 59 14 22 16 46
18 I 19 45 21 55 20 09 22 20
20 III 08 55 10 51 10 37 12 46
20 I 14 11 16 21 14 38 16 49
21 II 02 45 05 07 03 40 06 04
22 I 08 37 10 48 09 07 11 18
24 I 03 04 05 14 03 36 05 47
24 II 15 53 18 15 16 58 19 22
25/26 I 21 30 23 40 22 04 00 15
27 III 12 14 14 13 14 38 16 48
27 I 15 56 18 07 16 33 18 44
28 II 05 01 07 23 06 16 08 40
29 I 10 23 12 33 11 02 13 13
31 I 04 49 06 59 05 31 07 42
31 II 18 10 20 32 19 34 21 58
80 Saturn BAA Handbook 2012
satUrn Opposition: April 15 Conjunction: October 25 Rings Equat. Polar Major Minor RA Dec. Mag. Diam. Diam. Axis Axis Tilt Δ h m ° ' " " " " ° AU Jan. -6 13 46.8 -8 28 +0.7 16.5 15.0 37.5 9.5 +14.7 10.064 4 13 49.3 -8 39 +0.7 16.8 15.2 38.1 9.8 +14.9 9.908 14 13 51.3 -8 48 +0.7 17.1 15.5 38.7 10.1 +15.1 9.745 24 13 52.7 -8 52 +0.6 17.3 15.8 39.4 10.3 +15.2 9.579 Feb. 3 13 53.4 -8 54 +0.6 17.7 16.0 40.1 10.5 +15.2 9.415
13 13 53.4 -8 51 +0.5 18.0 16.3 40.7 10.7 +15.2 9.258 23 13 52.8 -8 45 +0.5 18.2 16.6 41.4 10.7 +15.1 9.113 Mar. 4 13 51.5 -8 35 +0.4 18.5 16.8 42.0 10.8 +14.9 8.986 14 13 49.7 -8 23 +0.4 18.7 17.0 42.5 10.8 +14.7 8.879 24 13 47.4 -8 09 +0.3 18.9 17.2 42.9 10.7 +14.4 8.798
Apr. 3 13 44.8 -7 53 +0.3 19.0 17.3 43.1 10.5 +14.1 8.744 13 13 42.0 -7 36 +0.2 19.1 17.3 43.2 10.3 +13.8 8.721 23 13 39.1 -7 20 +0.3 19.0 17.3 43.2 10.1 +13.5 8.728 May 3 13 36.3 -7 04 +0.3 19.0 17.2 43.0 9.9 +13.3 8.765 13 13 33.8 -6 51 +0.4 18.8 17.1 42.7 9.6 +13.0 8.830
23 13 31.6 -6 40 +0.5 18.6 16.9 42.3 9.4 +12.8 8.922 Jun. 2 13 29.9 -6 32 +0.5 18.4 16.7 41.7 9.2 +12.7 9.036 12 13 28.7 -6 28 +0.6 18.1 16.4 41.1 9.0 +12.6 9.170 22 13 28.1 -6 27 +0.6 17.8 16.2 40.5 8.8 +12.6 9.318 Jul. 2 13 28.2 -6 30 +0.7 17.5 15.9 39.8 8.7 +12.6 9.477
12 13 28.8 -6 37 +0.7 17.2 15.6 39.1 8.6 +12.7 9.641 22 13 30.1 -6 47 +0.8 16.9 15.4 38.5 8.6 +12.9 9.807 Aug. 1 13 31.9 -7 00 +0.8 16.7 15.1 37.8 8.6 +13.2 9.970 11 13 34.3 -7 17 +0.8 16.4 14.9 37.2 8.7 +13.5 10.126 21 13 37.1 -7 35 +0.8 16.2 14.7 36.7 8.8 +13.8 10.272
31 13 40.4 -7 56 +0.8 16.0 14.5 36.3 8.9 +14.2 10.404 Sep. 10 13 44.1 -8 19 +0.8 15.8 14.4 35.9 9.0 +14.6 10.518 20 13 48.0 -8 43 +0.7 15.7 14.2 35.5 9.2 +15.0 10.614 30 13 52.3 -9 07 +0.7 15.6 14.1 35.3 9.4 +15.4 10.688 Oct. 10 13 56.7 -9 33 +0.7 15.5 14.1 35.1 9.6 +15.9 10.738
20 14 01.3 -9 58 +0.6 15.4 14.1 35.0 9.8 +16.3 10.764 30 14 05.9 -10 23 +0.6 15.4 14.1 35.0 10.1 +16.8 10.765 Nov. 9 14 10.5 -10 47 +0.6 15.5 14.1 35.1 10.4 +17.2 10.741 19 14 15.0 -11 10 +0.6 15.5 14.2 35.3 10.7 +17.6 10.691 29 14 19.3 -11 31 +0.6 15.7 14.3 35.5 10.9 +17.9 10.617
Dec. 9 14 23.5 -11 51 +0.6 15.8 14.4 35.8 11.2 +18.3 10.521 19 14 27.3 -12 08 +0.6 16.0 14.6 36.2 11.6 +18.6 10.405 29 14 30.7 -12 23 +0.6 16.2 14.8 36.7 11.9 +18.8 10.271 39 14 33.6 -12 35 +0.6 16.4 15.0 37.3 12.2 +19.0 10.123
BAA Handbook 2012 Saturn 81
longitUde of Central Meridian of satUrnSYSTEM I
Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 347.9 242.5 249.6 145.9 277.0 170.7 298.1 188.0 76.9 201.5 90.9 217.2 2 112.2 6.9 14.0 270.3 41.4 295.0 62.3 312.1 201.0 325.6 215.1 341.5 3 236.5 131.2 138.4 34.7 165.7 59.3 186.5 76.3 325.2 89.8 339.3 105.7 4 0.9 255.6 262.8 159.1 290.1 183.6 310.7 200.5 89.3 214.0 103.4 229.9 5 125.2 20.0 27.2 283.4 54.4 307.8 74.9 324.6 213.5 338.1 227.6 354.2
6 249.5 144.4 151.6 47.8 178.7 72.1 199.1 88.8 337.6 102.3 351.8 118.4 7 13.8 268.7 276.0 172.2 303.1 196.4 323.3 213.0 101.8 226.5 116.0 242.7 8 138.2 33.1 40.4 296.6 67.4 320.6 87.5 337.1 225.9 350.6 240.2 6.9 9 262.5 157.5 164.8 61.0 191.7 84.9 211.7 101.3 350.1 114.8 4.4 131.2 10 26.8 281.9 289.2 185.4 316.1 209.1 335.9 225.4 114.2 239.0 128.6 255.4
11 151.2 46.2 53.6 309.7 80.4 333.4 100.1 349.6 238.4 3.1 252.8 19.7 12 275.5 170.6 178.0 74.1 204.7 97.7 224.3 113.8 2.5 127.3 17.0 143.9 13 39.8 295.0 302.4 198.5 329.0 221.9 348.5 237.9 126.7 251.5 141.3 268.2 14 164.2 59.4 66.8 322.9 93.4 346.2 112.7 2.1 250.8 15.6 265.5 32.4 15 288.5 183.8 191.2 87.3 217.7 110.4 236.9 126.2 15.0 139.8 29.7 156.7
16 52.8 308.1 315.6 211.6 342.0 234.6 1.1 250.4 139.1 264.0 153.9 281.0 17 177.2 72.5 80.0 336.0 106.3 358.9 125.3 14.6 263.3 28.1 278.1 45.2 18 301.5 196.9 204.4 100.4 230.6 123.1 249.5 138.7 27.4 152.3 42.3 169.5 19 65.9 321.3 328.8 224.7 354.9 247.4 13.7 262.9 151.6 276.5 166.5 293.8 20 190.2 85.7 93.2 349.1 119.2 11.6 137.8 27.0 275.8 40.7 290.7 58.0
21 314.6 210.1 217.6 113.5 243.5 135.8 262.0 151.2 39.9 164.8 55.0 182.3 22 78.9 334.5 342.0 237.8 7.8 260.1 26.2 275.3 164.1 289.0 179.2 306.6 23 203.3 98.9 106.4 2.2 132.1 24.3 150.4 39.5 288.2 53.2 303.4 70.9 24 327.6 223.3 230.8 126.6 256.4 148.5 274.6 163.6 52.4 177.4 67.6 195.1 25 92.0 347.6 355.1 250.9 20.7 272.8 38.7 287.8 176.5 301.6 191.8 319.4
26 216.3 112.0 119.5 15.3 145.0 37.0 162.9 51.9 300.7 65.7 316.1 83.7 27 340.7 236.4 243.9 139.6 269.3 161.2 287.1 176.1 64.8 189.9 80.3 208.0 28 105.1 0.8 8.3 264.0 33.6 285.4 51.3 300.3 189.0 314.1 204.5 332.3 29 229.4 125.2 132.7 28.3 157.9 49.6 175.4 64.4 313.2 78.3 328.8 96.5 30 353.8 257.1 152.7 282.2 173.9 299.6 188.6 77.3 202.5 93.0 220.8
31 118.1 21.5 46.5 63.8 312.7 326.7 345.1CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME
h º h º m º m º m º 1 35.18 7 246.25 10 5.86 1 0.59 6 3.52 2 70.36 8 281.43 20 11.73 2 1.17 7 4.10 3 105.54 9 316.61 30 17.59 3 1.76 8 4.69 4 140.72 10 351.79 40 23.45 4 2.35 9 5.28 5 175.90 11 386.97 50 29.32 5 2.93 10 5.86 6 211.07 12 422.15 60 35.18System I applies to all objects situated on or between the south component of the North Equatorial Belt and the north component of the South Equatorial Belt.
82 Saturn BAA Handbook 2012
longitUde of Central Meridian of satUrnSYSTEM II
Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 153.3 126.5 276.9 251.8 133.9 106.4 344.8 313.5 281.2 156.8 124.9 2.3 2 245.3 218.6 9.0 343.9 226.0 198.4 76.7 45.4 13.0 248.7 216.8 94.2 3 337.4 310.7 101.0 76.0 318.0 290.3 168.6 137.2 104.9 340.6 308.7 186.1 4 69.4 42.7 193.1 168.1 50.1 22.3 260.6 229.1 196.7 72.4 40.6 278.1 5 161.4 134.8 285.2 260.1 142.1 114.3 352.5 321.0 288.6 164.3 132.5 10.0
6 253.4 226.9 17.3 352.2 234.1 206.3 84.4 52.8 20.4 256.2 224.4 102.0 7 345.4 318.9 109.4 84.3 326.2 298.2 176.3 144.7 112.3 348.0 316.3 193.9 8 77.5 51.0 201.5 176.4 58.2 30.2 268.2 236.6 204.1 79.9 48.2 285.9 9 169.5 143.1 293.6 268.5 150.2 122.1 0.1 328.4 296.0 171.8 140.1 17.8 10 261.5 235.2 25.7 0.6 242.3 214.1 92.0 60.3 27.9 263.6 232.0 109.8
11 353.5 327.2 117.8 92.6 334.3 306.1 183.9 152.2 119.7 355.5 323.9 201.7 12 85.6 59.3 209.9 184.7 66.3 38.0 275.8 244.0 211.6 87.4 55.8 293.7 13 177.6 151.4 302.0 276.8 158.3 130.0 7.7 335.9 303.4 179.2 147.7 25.6 14 269.6 243.5 34.1 8.9 250.4 221.9 99.6 67.7 35.3 271.1 239.6 117.6 15 1.7 335.5 126.2 100.9 342.4 313.9 191.5 159.6 127.1 3.0 331.5 209.5
16 93.7 67.6 218.3 193.0 74.4 45.8 283.4 251.5 219.0 94.8 63.4 301.5 17 185.7 159.7 310.4 285.1 166.4 137.8 15.3 343.3 310.8 186.7 155.4 33.4 18 277.8 251.8 42.5 17.2 258.4 229.7 107.2 75.2 42.7 278.6 247.3 125.4 19 9.8 343.9 134.6 109.2 350.4 321.7 199.0 167.0 134.5 10.5 339.2 217.4 20 101.9 76.0 226.7 201.3 82.5 53.6 290.9 258.9 226.4 102.3 71.1 309.3
21 193.9 168.0 318.8 293.4 174.5 145.5 22.8 350.8 318.3 194.2 163.0 41.3 22 286.0 260.1 50.9 25.4 266.5 237.5 114.7 82.6 50.1 286.1 254.9 133.3 23 18.0 352.2 143.0 117.5 358.5 329.4 206.6 174.5 142.0 18.0 346.9 225.3 24 110.1 84.3 235.1 209.5 90.5 61.3 298.5 266.3 233.8 109.9 78.8 317.2 25 202.1 176.4 327.1 301.6 182.5 153.3 30.3 358.2 325.7 201.7 170.7 49.2
26 294.2 268.5 59.2 33.7 274.5 245.2 122.2 90.0 57.5 293.6 262.6 141.2 27 26.2 0.6 151.3 125.7 6.4 337.1 214.1 181.9 149.4 25.5 354.6 233.2 28 118.3 92.7 243.4 217.8 98.4 69.0 306.0 273.8 241.3 117.4 86.5 325.1 29 210.3 184.8 335.5 309.8 190.4 161.0 37.9 5.6 333.1 209.3 178.4 57.1 30 302.4 67.6 41.9 282.4 252.9 129.7 97.5 65.0 301.2 270.3 149.1
31 34.5 159.7 14.4 221.6 189.3 33.1 241.1CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME
h º h º m º m º m º 1 33.83 7 236.83 10 5.64 1 0.56 6 3.38 2 67.67 8 270.67 20 11.28 2 1.13 7 3.95 3 101.50 9 304.50 30 16.92 3 1.69 8 4.51 4 135.33 10 338.33 40 22.56 4 2.26 9 5.08 5 169.17 11 372.17 50 28.19 5 2.82 10 5.64 6 203.00 12 406.00 60 33.83
System II applies to all objects situated north of the south component of the North Equatorial Belt or south of the north component of the South Equatorial Belt. However System III is used more often for these regions.
BAA Handbook 2012 Saturn 83
longitUde of Central Meridian of satUrnSYSTEM III
Day Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. º º º º º º º º º º º º 1 201.1 136.9 252.2 189.8 35.7 330.8 173.1 104.3 34.6 234.1 164.8 6.0 2 291.9 227.8 343.1 280.7 126.6 61.6 263.8 195.0 125.3 324.8 255.5 96.7 3 22.7 318.6 74.0 11.6 217.4 152.3 354.5 285.7 215.9 55.5 346.2 187.5 4 113.5 49.5 164.9 102.4 308.3 243.1 85.2 16.3 306.6 146.1 76.9 278.2 5 204.3 140.3 255.8 193.3 39.1 333.9 175.9 107.0 37.2 236.8 167.6 8.9
6 295.1 231.2 346.7 284.2 129.9 64.6 266.6 197.7 127.9 327.4 258.3 99.7 7 26.0 322.1 77.6 15.1 220.7 155.4 357.3 288.3 218.5 58.1 349.0 190.4 8 116.8 52.9 168.5 105.9 311.6 246.2 88.0 19.0 309.2 148.7 79.7 281.1 9 207.6 143.8 259.4 196.8 42.4 336.9 178.7 109.6 39.8 239.4 170.4 11.9 10 298.4 234.7 350.2 287.7 133.2 67.7 269.4 200.3 130.5 330.1 261.1 102.6
11 29.2 325.5 81.1 18.6 224.0 158.4 0.1 291.0 221.1 60.7 351.8 193.4 12 120.1 56.4 172.0 109.4 314.9 249.2 90.8 21.6 311.8 151.4 82.5 284.1 13 210.9 147.3 262.9 200.3 45.7 339.9 181.5 112.3 42.4 242.1 173.2 14.9 14 301.7 238.2 353.8 291.2 136.5 70.7 272.2 202.9 133.1 332.7 263.9 105.6 15 32.5 329.0 84.7 22.1 227.3 161.4 2.8 293.6 223.7 63.4 354.6 196.4
16 123.4 59.9 175.6 112.9 318.1 252.2 93.5 24.2 314.4 154.0 85.3 287.1 17 214.2 150.8 266.5 203.8 48.9 342.9 184.2 114.9 45.0 244.7 176.0 17.9 18 305.0 241.7 357.4 294.7 139.7 73.6 274.9 205.5 135.7 335.4 266.7 108.6 19 35.9 332.5 88.3 25.5 230.5 164.4 5.6 296.2 226.3 66.1 357.4 199.4 20 126.7 63.4 179.1 116.4 321.4 255.1 96.3 26.8 317.0 156.7 88.1 290.1
21 217.6 154.3 270.0 207.2 52.2 345.8 186.9 117.5 47.6 247.4 178.8 20.9 22 308.4 245.2 0.9 298.1 142.9 76.6 277.6 208.2 138.3 338.1 269.5 111.7 23 39.2 336.1 91.8 28.9 233.7 167.3 8.3 298.8 228.9 68.7 0.2 202.4 24 130.1 66.9 182.7 119.8 324.5 258.0 99.0 29.5 319.6 159.4 90.9 293.2 25 220.9 157.8 273.6 210.7 55.3 348.8 189.7 120.1 50.2 250.1 181.7 24.0
26 311.8 248.7 4.5 301.5 146.1 79.5 280.3 210.8 140.9 340.8 272.4 114.7 27 42.6 339.6 95.4 32.4 236.9 170.2 11.0 301.4 231.5 71.4 3.1 205.5 28 133.5 70.5 186.2 123.2 327.7 260.9 101.7 32.1 322.2 162.1 93.8 296.3 29 224.3 161.4 277.1 214.1 58.5 351.6 192.3 122.7 52.8 252.8 184.5 27.1 30 315.2 8.0 304.9 149.3 82.3 283.0 213.3 143.5 343.5 275.3 117.9
31 46.0 98.9 240.0 13.7 304.0 74.2 208.6CHANGE OF LONGITUDE IN INTERVALS OF MEAN TIME
h º h º m º m º m º 1 33.78 7 236.48 10 5.63 1 0.56 6 3.38 2 67.57 8 270.26 20 11.26 2 1.13 7 3.94 3 101.35 9 304.05 30 16.89 3 1.69 8 4.50 4 135.13 10 337.83 40 22.52 4 2.25 9 5.07 5 168.92 11 371.61 50 28.15 5 2.82 10 5.63 6 202.70 12 405.40 60 33.78System III also applies to all objects situated north of the south component of the North Equatorial Belt or south of the north component of the South Equatorial Belt. This longitude system is based upon the rotation period of the planet’s magnetic field as defined by the International Astronomical Union.
84 Satellites of Saturn BAA Handbook 2012
satellites of satUrnMiMas, enCeladUs and tetHys
Mimas Enceladus Tethys Each fourth eastern elongation Each third eastern elongation Each second eastern elongation
d h d h d h d h d h d hJan. 1 19.7 Jul. 4 12.5 Jan. 1 19.7 Jul. 4 18.7 Jan. 1 21.9 Jul. 4 21.3 5 14.2 8 7.0 5 22.4 8 21.4 5 16.5 8 15.9 9 8.7 12 1.5 10 1.1 13 0.1 9 11.2 12 10.5 13 3.1 15 20.0 14 3.7 17 2.7 13 5.8 16 5.2 16 21.6 19 14.5 18 6.4 21 5.4 17 0.4 19 23.8 20 16.1 23 9.0 22 9.1 25 8.1 20 19.0 23 18.5 24 10.6 27 3.5 26 11.7 29 10.8 24 13.7 27 13.1 28 5.0 30 21.9 30 14.4 Aug. 2 13.5 28 8.3 31 7.7 31 23.5 Aug. 3 16.4 Feb. 3 17.0 6 16.1 Feb. 1 2.9 Aug. 4 2.4Feb. 4 18.0 7 10.9 7 19.7 10 18.8 4 21.5 7 21.0 8 12.4 11 5.4 11 22.3 14 21.5 8 16.1 11 15.7 12 6.9 14 23.9 16 1.0 19 0.2 12 10.7 15 10.4 16 1.4 18 18.4 20 3.6 23 2.9 16 5.3 19 5.0 19 19.8 22 12.9 24 6.2 27 5.6 19 23.9 22 23.7 23 14.3 26 7.4 28 8.9 31 8.3 23 18.5 26 18.3 27 8.8 30 1.9 Mar. 3 11.5 Sep. 4 11.0 27 13.1 30 13.0Mar. 2 3.2 Sep. 2 20.4 7 14.1 8 13.7 Mar. 2 7.7 Sep. 3 7.7 5 21.7 6 14.9 11 16.8 12 16.4 6 2.3 7 2.3 9 16.1 10 9.4 15 19.4 16 19.1 9 20.9 10 21.0 13 10.6 14 4.0 19 22.0 20 21.8 13 15.4 14 15.6 17 5.1 17 22.5 24 0.7 25 0.5 17 10.0 18 10.3 20 23.5 21 17.0 28 3.3 29 3.2 21 4.6 22 5.0 24 18.0 25 11.5 Apr. 1 5.9 Oct. 3 5.9 24 23.2 25 23.7 28 12.4 29 6.0 5 8.6 7 8.6 28 17.8 29 18.3Apr. 1 6.9 Oct. 3 0.5 9 11.2 11 11.3 Apr. 1 12.4 Oct. 3 13.0 5 1.3 6 19.0 13 13.8 15 14.0 5 6.9 7 7.7 8 19.8 10 13.5 17 16.4 19 16.7 9 1.5 11 2.3 12 14.2 14 8.0 21 19.1 23 19.4 12 20.1 14 21.0 16 8.7 18 2.5 25 21.7 27 22.1 16 14.7 18 15.7 20 3.1 21 21.0 30 0.3 Nov. 1 0.8 20 9.3 22 10.3 23 21.6 25 15.5 May 4 3.0 5 3.5 24 3.8 26 5.0 27 16.1 29 10.0 8 5.6 9 6.2 27 22.4 29 23.7May 1 10.5 Nov. 2 4.5 12 08.2 13 8.9 May 1 17.0 Nov. 2 18.4 5 5.0 5 23.0 16 10.9 17 11.6 5 11.6 6 13.0 8 23.4 9 17.5 20 13.5 21 14.3 9 6.2 10 7.7 12 17.9 13 12.0 24 16.1 25 17.0 13 0.8 14 2.4 16 12.4 17 6.5 28 18.8 29 19.6 16 19.3 17 21.0 20 6.8 21 1.0 Jun. 1 21.4 Dec. 3 22.3 20 13.9 21 15.7 24 1.3 24 19.5 6 0.1 8 1.0 24 8.5 25 10.4 27 19.8 28 14.0 10 2.7 12 3.7 28 3.1 29 5.0 31 14.2 Dec. 2 8.5 14 5.4 16 6.4 31 21.7 Dec. 2 23.7Jun. 4 8.7 6 3.0 18 8.1 20 9.1 Jun. 4 16.3 6 18.3 8 3.2 9 21.5 22 10.7 24 11.8 8 10.9 10 13.0 11 21.6 13 16.0 26 13.4 28 14.4 12 5.6 14 7.7 15 16.1 17 10.5 30 16.0 16 0.2 18 2.3 19 10.6 21 5.0 19 18.8 21 21.0 23 5.1 24 23.5 23 13.4 25 15.6 26 23.6 28 18.0 27 8.0 29 10.3 30 18.0 Jul. 1 2.7
Note: For an intervening eastern elongations add: Mimas 0d 22h.6 or 1d21h.2 or 2d 19h.9 Enceladus 1d 08h.9 or 2d 17h.8 Tethys 1d 21h.3
BAA Handbook 2012 Satellites of Saturn 85
satellites of satUrndione and rHea
Dione Rhea Each second eastern elongation Each second eastern elongation
d h d h d h d h d h d hJan. 3 0.4 Apr. 21 11.2 Aug. 8 22.5 Jan. 1 23.2 May 7 9.7 Sep. 10 22.4 8 11.8 26 22.5 14 10.0 11 0.2 16 10.4 19 23.6 13 23.2 May 2 9.8 19 21.5 20 1.1 25 11.1 29 0.7 19 10.6 7 21.1 25 8.9 29 2.0 Jun. 3 11.9 Oct. 8 1.9 24 22.0 13 8.4 30 20.4 Feb. 7 2.8 12 12.7 17 3.0 30 9.4 18 19.7 Sep. 5 7.9 16 3.6 21 13.5 26 4.2Feb. 4 20.7 24 7.1 10 19.3 25 4.4 30 14.3 Nov. 4 5.3 10 8.1 29 18.4 16 6.8 Mar. 5 5.1 Jul. 9 15.2 13 6.5 15 19.4 Jun. 4 5.8 21 18.3 14 5.8 18 16.2 22 7.6 21 6.8 9 17.1 27 5.8 23 6.5 27 17.1 Dec. 1 8.8 26 18.1 15 4.5 Oct. 2 17.3 Apr. 1 7.2 Aug. 5 18.1 10 9.9Mar. 3 5.4 20 15.8 ---- -- ---- 10 7.8 14 19.2 19 11.0 8 16.8 26 3.2 Nov. 21 0.7 19 8.4 23 20.2 28 12.1 14 4.1 Jul. 1 14.6 26 12.1 28 9.1 Sep. 1 21.3 19 15.4 7 2.0 Dec. 1 23.6 25 2.7 12 13.4 7 11.1 30 14.0 18 0.8 12 22.5 Note: For an intervening eastern elongation add:Apr. 5 1.3 23 12.2 18 10.0 10 12.6 28 23.7 23 21.5 Dione 2d 17h.7 15 23.9 Aug. 3 11.1 29 8.9 Rhea 4d 12h.4
titan and HyPerion Titan Hyperion E. Elong. Inf. Conj’n W. Elong. Sup. Conj’n E.Elong. W Elong. d h d h d h d h d h d h Jan. 2 13.8 Jan. 6 17.2 Jan. 4 15.3Jan. 10 15.9 Jan. 14 11.7 18 13.3 22 16.6 Jan. 15 3.5 25 21.3 26 15.2 30 10.9 Feb. 3 12.3 Feb. 7 15.6 Feb. 5 9.6 Feb. 16 2.8Feb. 11 14.0 Feb. 15 9.6 19 10.9 23 14.0 26 15.0 Mar. 8 7.7 27 12.3 Mar. 2 7.8 Mar. 6 9.0 Mar. 10 12.0 Mar. 18 19.8 29 12.5Mar. 14 10.2 18 5.7 22 6.6 26 9.7 Apr. 9 0.4 Apr. 19 17.4 30 7.8 Apr. 3 3.4 Apr. 7 4.1 Apr. 11 7.2 30 5.4 May 10 22.9Apr. 15 5.2 19 0.9 23 1.4 27 4.6 May 21 11.3 Jun. 1 5.5May 1 2.7 May 4 22.5 May 8 22.8 May 13 2.1 Jun. 11 18.5 22 13.4 17 0.2 20 20.2 24 20.5 28 23.9 Jul. 3 3.2 Jul. 13 22.5Jun. 1 22.1 Jun. 5 18.3 Jun. 9 18.5 Jun. 13 22.1 24 13.4 Aug. 4 8.9 17 20.4 21 16.7 25 17.0 29 20.7 Aug. 15 0.8 25 20.1Jul. 3 19.1 Jul. 7 15.5 Jul. 11 15.9 Jul. 15 19.7 Sep. 5 13.2 Sep. 16 8.0 19 18.2 23 14.7 27 15.3 31 19.2 27 2.1 Oct. 7 20.2Aug. 4 17.7 Aug. 8 14.2 Aug. 12 15.0 Aug. 16 19.0 Oct. 18 15.3 29 8.4 20 17.6 24 14.1 28 15.1 Sep. 1 19.2 Nov. 9 4.4 Nov. 19 20.3Sep. 5 17.8 Sep. 9 14.3 Sep. 13 15.5 17 19.6 30 16.8 Dec. 11 7.6 21 18.2 25 14.7 29 16.1 Oct. 3 20.2 Dec. 22 4.3 Oct. 7 18.8 Oct. 11 15.2 Oct. 15 16.9 19 20.9 23 19.5 27 15.8 31 17.7 Nov. 4 21.7 Nov. 8 20.2 Nov. 12 16.4 Nov. 16 18.5 20 22.5 24 20.8 28 16.9 Dec. 2 19.2 Dec. 6 23.1 Dec. 10 21.3 Dec. 14 17.2 18 19.6 22 23.4 26 21.6 30 17.4
Note: The tables included in earlier Handbooks for the computation of the position angle and angular distances of the satellites have been discontinued. These data can now be obtained more easily and with greater accuracy from JPL’s Horizons web page at http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?horizonsSee http://www.slioch.vispa.com/saturn/ for complete tables of elongations and conjunctions.
86 Satellites of Saturn BAA Handbook 2012
titan
2012 January
117
218
319 4
20 521
622
723
824
925
1026
1127122813
291430
1531
16
February
117
218
319
420 5
21 622
723
824
925
1026
1127
122813
29141516
March
117
218
319
420
521
622
723 8
24 925
1026
1127
1228
1329
1430
153116
April
1172
18319
420
521
622
723
824 9
25 1026
1127
1228
1329
1430
15
16
May
1 17
2183
19420
521
622
723
824
92510
26 1127 12
281329
1430
1531
16
June
117
2 183194
20521
622
723
824
925
102611
27 1228 13
291430
15 16
July
117
218
319
4 205216
22723
824
925
1026
1127
1228 1329 14
301531
16
August
117
218
319
420
5 216227
23824
925
1026
1127
1228
1329 14
30 1531
16
September
117
218
319
420
521
6 227238
24925
1026
1127
1228
1329
1430 15 16
December
117
218
3194
20 521 6
227
23824
925
1026
11 2712
28132914
301531
16
100 0 100 200
Seconds of Arc
W E
S
N
BAA Handbook 2012 Satellites of Saturn 87
iaPetUsIapetus shows variations in brightness, and is always brighter at western elongation than at eastern. The diagrams show the apparent path of Iapetus relative to Saturn, the units being in seconds of arc. Conjunction of Saturn is indicated by the faint portion of the orbit path from Sep. 25 to Nov. 25. E. Elong. Inf. Conj’n. W. Elong. Sup. Conj’n. d h d h d h d h
Jan. 19 4.8 Feb. 8 6.7 Feb. 28 7.9 Mar. 19 5.4 Apr. 7 1.3 Apr. 26 7.5 May 16 11.1 Jun. 5 1.1 Jun. 24 12.8 Jul. 13 21.5 Aug. 3 18.9 Aug. 23 21.9 Sep. 12 20.1 Oct. 2 22.5 Oct. 24 1.1 Nov. 13 13.8 Dec. 3 4.1 Dec. 23 16.7
600 450 300 150 6004503001500
2012S
N
W E
150
0
150
JAN 15913
1721
25
29
FEB 2
6
1014 18 22
26
MAR 1
5
9
13
MAR 17
150
0
150
MAR 17
212529APR 2
6
10
14
18
22
26
30MAY 4 8
1216
20
24
MAY 28
150
0
150
MAY 28
JUN 1
5
9131721
25
29
JUL 3
7
11
1519 23 27
31AUG 4
AUG 8
150
0
150AUG 8
12
16
20
24
28SEP 159
13
17
21
25
29
OCT 3
7 11 15 OCT 19
150
0
150OCT 19
2327
31
NOV 4
8
12
16202428
DEC 26
10
14
18
22
26DEC 30
88 Uranus BAA Handbook 2012
UranUsUranus is at opposition on September 29, magnitude 5.7, diameter 3".7
BAA Handbook 2012 Neptune 89
nePtUneNeptune is at opposition on August 24, magnitude 7.8, diameter 2".4
90 Comets BAA Handbook 2012
Com
etT
qP
NH
1K
1Pe
ak
mag
Dat
e of
peak
Elon
gat
pea
kB
right
er
than
14
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ible
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2012
P/Sp
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atch
(200
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515
2†
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r Ja
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73
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017
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187
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. D
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ec.
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vy (2
006
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12.
3 1
.01
5.2
81
10.5
10.
0 7
Jan.
20
93Ja
n. –
May
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78P
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9 2
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35
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192
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132
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3 3
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bs (2
010
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. 7.
8 2
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9.0
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015
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14
58†
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pr.
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21P
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r F
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14 7
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b. 1
124
Jan.
– M
ay†
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. – D
ec.
198P
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. 15.
8 2
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22
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110
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– A
pr.
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. – D
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D
ec.
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/Sin
ger B
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ster
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. 26.
2 2
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6.4
74
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15.
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Jun.
213
6†
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– A
ug.
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– S
ep.
182P
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S M
ar.
5.4
1.0
1 5
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218
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0.0
17M
ar. 1
472
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n. –
May
.Ja
n.
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242P
/Spa
hr A
pr.
3.6
3.9
812
.97
2 8
.0 1
0.0
17Ja
n. 1
112
††
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– A
pr.
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ec.
58P
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kson
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Apr
. 10.
0 1
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15.
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. 10
12†
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– D
ec.
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– D
ec.
163P
/NEA
T A
pr. 1
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2.0
6 7
.30
314
.5 1
0.0
19Ja
n. 1
107
†Ja
n. –
Mar
.Ja
n. –
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.LO
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006
S3)
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. 16.
3 5
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2.0
10.
012
May
31
170
Jan.
– D
ec.
†Fe
b. –
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.
171P
/Spa
hr A
pr. 3
0.6
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6 6
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pr. 4
41†
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. – D
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60P
/Tsu
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May
13.
5 1
.62
6.5
67
10.5
15.
015
Apr
. 24
30†
Jan.
– A
pr.
Jan.
Co
Me
ts
BAA Handbook 2012 Comets 91
Com
etT
qP
NH
1K
1Pe
ak
mag
Dat
e of
peak
Elon
gat
pea
kB
right
er
than
14
Vis
ible
UK
Vis
ible
SH
LIN
EAR
(201
0 R
1) M
ay 1
9.4
5.6
3 6
.0 1
0.0
17M
ay 9
154
†Ja
n. –
Jul.
Dec
.Fe
b. –
Aug
.
P/G
ibbs
(200
6 Y
2) M
ay 2
0.8
1.2
6 5
.35
118
.0 1
0.0
20M
ay 1
745
††
†P/
LIN
EAR
(200
3 O
2) Ju
n. 1
0.7
1.5
0 8
.75
114
.5 1
0.0
18Ju
n. 1
940
†A
ug. –
Dec
.†
138P
/Sho
emak
er-L
evy
Jun.
11.
7 1
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6.9
03
15.0
10.
019
Jun.
25
27†
Sep.
– N
ov.
†15
2P/H
elin
-Law
renc
e Ju
l. 9
.2 3
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9.5
42
10.0
10.
017
Jun.
117
2†
†Ja
n. –
Nov
. 9
6P/M
achh
olz
Jul.
14.8
0.1
2 5
.28
513
.0 1
2.0
2Ju
l. 14
2Ju
n. –
Aug
.†
Jul.
– Se
p.18
9P/N
EAT
Jul.
20.4
1.1
8 4
.99
219
.0 1
0.0
16Ju
l. 10
164
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l. –
Oct
.M
ay –
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185P
/Pet
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. 13.
5 0
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5.4
62
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92 Comets BAA Handbook 2012
CoMets
* The peak magnitude is variable or unknown and so cannot be predicted. † Not predicted to become brighter than magnitude 14, or not visible.
The date of perihelion (T), perihelion distance (q), period (P), the number of previously observed returns (N), the magnitude parameters H1 and K1 are given for each comet. This is followed by approximate values for the brightest magnitude during 2012, the date and elongation at this time, the period when the comet is brighter than 14th magnitude and the period of visibility when the comet is brighter than 20th magnitude for the UK (52°N) and Southern Hemisphere (35°S). Some periodic comets show a flat light curve with the comet at a similar brightness for over a month, others have a much more sharply defined maximum brightness. For several comets the magnitude parameters are too uncertain to give brightness information. The D/ comets have not been seen for several revolutions and the predictions for their return should be taken with caution.
The latest orbital elements and ephemerides are available at: http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/Ephemerides/Comets/index.htmlor the Comet Section web page at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~jds For further information about the visibility of the brighter objects see the 2011 December BAA Journal.
The relation between perihelion (q), aphelion (Q) and semi-major axis (a) is: a = (Q + q)/2. If required, the mean daily motion (n) can be computed from: n = 0.985608/(a3/2). The period is given by Kepler’s third law: P2 = a3. Magnitude parameters are from determinations by the Comet Section or from the CBAT; the magnitude is usually given by m = H1 + 5 (log Δ) + K1 (log r). Note that some PC ephemeris programs require K1/2.5 to be entered rather than K1.
The ephemerides are generated using a program written by J. D. Shanklin. The magnitudes given for 29P are typical of an outburst and the comet is often fainter than indicated. The ephemerides give the position for 0h TT on the given date for those comets expected to be brighter than about 12th magnitude and at an observable elongation from the Sun.
BAA Handbook 2012 Comets 93
individUal CoMetsCometary activity often changes from apparition to apparition, and the magnitude may differ from that printed here. Please refer to the Section web page: http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~jds for latest estimates. Orbital elements can be obtained from http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/Ephemerides/Comets/index.html Some finder charts can be found at http://www.shopplaza.nl/astro/comets/comets.htm
29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann2012 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon0h TT h m ° ' AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.%Jan. 3/4 12 38.6 -12 18 12.4 6.20 6.26 5.47 89 150 75 13/14 12 40.1 -12 45 12.4 6.04 6.26 5.09 99 21 76 23/24 12 40.6 -13 06 12.3 5.88 6.26 4.30 109 118 0Feb. 2/3 12 40.0 -13 20 12.3 5.73 6.26 3.50 119 119 76 12/13 12 38.4 -13 28 12.2 5.59 6.26 3.09 129 18 70 22/23 12 35.9 -13 28 12.2 5.48 6.26 2.27 139 153 1Mar. 3/4 12 32.6 -13 21 12.1 5.38 6.26 1.45 150 84 78 13/14 12 28.6 -13 08 12.1 5.32 6.26 1.01 160 59 62 23/24 12 24.3 -12 49 12.1 5.28 6.26 0.17 168 169 1Apr. 2/3 12 19.9 -12 26 12.1 5.27 6.26 23.34 170 47 81 12/13 12 15.7 -12 00 12.1 5.30 6.26 22.50 162 101 55 22/23 12 11.9 -11 34 12.1 5.35 6.26 22.07 153 135 2May 2/3 12 08.8 -11 09 12.1 5.43 6.26 21.24 143 8 86 12/13 12 06.6 -10 46 12.2 5.53 6.26 20.43 133 139 49 22/23 12 05.3 -10 28 12.2 5.65 6.26 20.02 123 100 3Jun. 1/2 12 04.9 -10 15 12.3 5.79 6.26 19.22 113 33 92 11/12 12 05.6 -10 08 12.3 5.93 6.26 18.43 104 172 45 21/22 12 07.2 -10 07 12.4 6.09 6.26 18.06 95 67 5Jul. 1/2 12 09.7 -10 12 12.4 6.24 6.25 17.29 86 71 96 11/12 12 13.0 -10 23 12.5 6.40 6.25 16.53 77 156 41 21/22 12 17.1 -10 40 12.5 6.55 6.25 16.17 69 34 8 31/32 12 21.8 -11 02 12.6 6.69 6.25 15.42 61 106 99Aug. 10/11 12 27.2 -11 28 12.6 6.81 6.25 15.08 53 128 39 20/21 12 33.0 -11 59 12.7 6.93 6.25 14.35 45 4 13 30/31 12 39.2 -12 34 12.7 7.03 6.25 14.02 37 138 100Sep. 9/10 12 45.8 -13 11 12.7 7.11 6.25 13.29 29 101 36 19/20 12 52.6 -13 52 12.7 7.17 6.25 12.56 22 34 19
Nov. 8/9 13 28.4 -17 36 12.7 7.16 6.24 10.15 21 45 30 18/19 13 35.4 -18 22 12.7 7.09 6.24 9.42 29 99 33 28/29 13 42.0 -19 07 12.7 7.00 6.24 9.10 37 138 100Dec. 8/9 13 48.2 -19 51 12.6 6.89 6.24 8.36 45 15 25 18/19 13 54.0 -20 33 12.6 6.77 6.24 8.03 54 130 37 28/29 13 59.2 -21 13 12.6 6.63 6.24 7.28 63 110 100
94 Comets BAA Handbook 2012
78P/Gehrels2012 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon0h TT h m ° ' AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.%Jan. 3/4 0 39.6 +3 04 11.4 1.80 2.01 17.48 87 33 75 13/14 0 56.6 +4 24 11.5 1.90 2.01 17.26 82 157 76 23/24 1 14.8 +5 52 11.6 2.00 2.01 17.04 76 67 0Feb. 2/3 1 33.9 +7 26 11.8 2.11 2.02 16.44 71 51 76 12/13 1 53.8 +9 01 11.9 2.21 2.02 16.25 66 174 70 22/23 2 14.5 +10 36 12.0 2.32 2.04 16.06 61 49 1
96P/Machholz2012 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon0h TT h m ° ' AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.%Jun. 1/2 2 05.4 -31 18 14.1 1.15 1.17 9.23 65 132 92 11/12 3 13.1 -25 10 12.9 1.01 0.97 9.51 58 58 45 21/22 4 27.5 -15 02 11.4 0.93 0.75 10.26 45 61 5Jul. 1/2 5 42.1 -1 12 9.2 0.96 0.49 11.01 29 155 96 11/12 7 00.7 +16 23 4.2 1.11 0.18 11.40 8 74 41 21/22 9 14.5 +30 44 7.1 0.98 0.32 13.15 19 30 8 31/32 11 21.2 +26 10 10.2 0.89 0.61 14.42 37 129 99
185P/Petriew2012 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon0h TT h m ° ' AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.%Jul. 1/2 2 08.6 +23 47 12.0 1.12 1.12 7.28 63 140 96 11/12 3 04.9 +25 50 11.5 1.10 1.05 7.44 59 21 41 21/22 4 03.3 +26 30 11.1 1.10 0.99 8.03 56 91 8 31/32 5 00.6 +25 43 10.9 1.13 0.95 8.21 52 141 99Aug. 10/11 5 54.2 +23 44 10.9 1.17 0.93 8.35 50 26 39 20/21 6 42.5 +20 55 11.0 1.23 0.94 8.44 48 92 13 30/31 7 25.4 +17 39 11.3 1.30 0.97 8.48 48 139 100Sep. 9/10 8 03.2 +14 12 11.8 1.36 1.02 8.46 48 26 36 19/20 8 36.3 +10 46 12.3 1.43 1.08 8.40 49 102 19 29/30 9 05.3 +7 27 12.8 1.49 1.16 8.29 51 130 100
individUal CoMets
BAA Handbook 2012 Comets 95
P/Levy (2006 T1)2012 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon0h TT h m ° ' AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.%Jan. 3/4 0 25.7 +18 19 7.5 0.24 1.01 17.34 90 32 75 13/14 1 33.1 +6 45 7.1 0.20 1.01 18.02 91 148 76 23/24 2 56.9 -8 18 7.0 0.19 1.02 18.47 95 89 0Feb. 2/3 4 23.8 -20 55 7.4 0.22 1.05 19.34 102 44 76 12/13 5 37.8 -27 32 8.1 0.27 1.10 20.09 108 111 70 22/23 6 34.8 -29 42 8.8 0.34 1.16 20.26 112 109 1Mar. 3/4 7 18.7 -29 29 9.5 0.41 1.23 20.31 116 49 78 13/14 7 53.9 -28 08 10.1 0.50 1.31 20.26 118 111 62 23/24 8 23.5 -26 19 10.8 0.59 1.39 20.17 120 112 1Apr. 2/3 8 49.7 -24 25 11.4 0.70 1.47 20.03 119 35 81 12/13 9 13.6 -22 38 12.0 0.81 1.56 19.48 118 130 55
N.B. the predicted magnitudes are based on its brightness when observed in outburst in 2006 and may be considerably fainter than listed here
P/McNaught-Russell (1994 X1)2012 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon0h TT h m ° ‚ AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.%Jan. Sep. 9/10 19 16.3 +28 27 12.4 1.03 1.71 19.59 114 129 36 19/20 19 19.0 +25 50 12.1 0.99 1.63 19.22 109 75 19 29/30 19 27.4 +22 44 11.8 0.95 1.55 18.51 105 71 100Oct. 9/10 19 41.4 +19 15 11.5 0.92 1.48 18.26 101 145 34 19/20 20 01.2 +15 28 11.3 0.89 1.42 18.06 98 47 26 29/30 20 26.8 +11 29 11.0 0.86 1.37 17.53 95 87 100Nov. 8/9 20 57.8 +7 25 10.9 0.84 1.33 17.44 92 152 30 18/19 21 33.7 +3 26 10.8 0.84 1.30 17.41 90 22 33 28/29 22 13.3 -0 14 10.7 0.85 1.28 17.41 88 97 100Dec. 8/9 22 55.2 -3 20 10.8 0.88 1.28 17.43 87 146 25 18/19 23 37.7 -5 40 11.0 0.93 1.30 17.46 85 12 37 28/29 0 19.3 -7 11 11.2 0.99 1.32 17.49 84 102 100
individUal CoMets
96 Comets BAA Handbook 2012
2009 P1 (Garradd)2012 RA (J2000.0) Dec. Mag. ∆ r Transit Elong. (°) Moon0h TT h m ° ' AU AU h.m Sun Moon Ph.%Jan. 3/4 17 30.1 +27 45 7.3 1.91 1.56 10.39 55 118 75 13/14 17 28.4 +31 29 7.2 1.79 1.58 9.57 62 92 76 23/24 17 24.2 +36 21 7.1 1.66 1.61 9.14 70 70 0Feb. 2/3 17 15.4 +42 39 7.0 1.52 1.65 8.25 79 115 76 12/13 16 57.1 +50 33 7.0 1.40 1.70 7.28 89 77 70 22/23 16 18.1 +59 44 6.9 1.31 1.76 6.09 99 96 1Mar. 3/4 14 50.9 +68 08 7.0 1.27 1.83 4.02 108 81 78 13/14 12 19.7 +70 25 7.2 1.29 1.90 0.52 112 103 62 23/24 10 21.5 +64 41 7.4 1.39 1.98 22.15 111 98 1Apr. 2/3 9 27.1 +56 26 7.8 1.55 2.06 20.41 106 47 81 12/13 9 03.3 +48 46 8.2 1.76 2.15 19.38 99 143 55 22/23 8 53.1 +42 21 8.6 1.99 2.24 18.48 91 72 2May 2/3 8 49.8 +37 05 9.0 2.24 2.33 18.05 82 59 86 12/13 8 50.3 +32 45 9.4 2.50 2.42 17.26 74 153 49 22/23 8 53.0 +29 07 9.7 2.75 2.52 16.50 66 44 3Jun. 1/2 8 57.2 +25 59 10.0 3.00 2.61 16.14 58 89 92 11/12 9 02.3 +23 15 10.3 3.24 2.71 15.40 50 132 45 21/22 9 08.0 +20 48 10.6 3.47 2.81 15.06 43 17 5Jul. 1/2 9 14.1 +18 34 10.8 3.68 2.90 14.33 35 121 96 11/12 9 20.3 +16 29 11.0 3.87 3.00 13.60 27 106 41
individUal CoMets
BAA Handbook 2012 Meteor Diary 97
Meteor diaryThis diary includes all regular major and some of the more reliable minor streams. Radiant data (UT, Alt.) and twilight data are for observers at the standard latitudes 52°N and 35°S, on the Greenwich Meridian. Moonrise and moonset may be determined from the data on pages 24-27. Where two radiants are given for one shower, the radiant on the same line as the times of twilight has been used for calculating the altitudes. All times are in UT. Normal limits are the dates between which the shower rates are normally greater than 25 per cent of the sporadic rate for the period.
Zenithal Hourly Rate (ZHR) is the probable hourly rate for a single experienced observer watching a clear sky with limiting magnitude 6.5 with the shower radiant in the zenith. To a first approximation, the observed hourly rate (OHR) is given by:
OHR = ZHR sin awhere a is the radiant elevation. Hence high rates cannot be expected if the radiant is low. Sky conditions can alter rates considerably and consequently observers should record the approximate naked eye limiting magnitude in the areas being watched during each observing session. The rates given are the maximum ones, and are only a guide in view of the inherent variability of showers.
Twilight here is nautical, starting and ending when the Sun is 12° below the horizon.
Telescopic Activity. If a number is given this is an approximate relative telescopic rate (sporadic rate = 1.0). If there is no entry the shower is deficient in faint meteors. However, many of the numbers are speculative. Observations using wide field CCD imaging may help augment telescopic meteor work in the future.
Radiant Daily Motion. Where available, these come from Cook (NASA SP-319, pp.185–186, 1973). Meteor radiants are not stationary because of the Earth’s motion around the Sun. They move about one degree of ecliptic longitude per day. The daily motions should be applied to determine the radiant positions at dates other than maximum. The Geminid radiant position given has been revised on the basis of recent BAA data analysed by the late Steve J. Evans.
Special Notes for 2012: Bright moonlight has an adverse effect on visual meteor observing, and within about five days to either side of Full Moon, lunar glare swamps all but the brighter meteors, reducing the efficiency of counts. The good news for 2012 is that very few of the major annual meteor showers will be hampered by moonlight: only the Quadrantids, the Eta Aquarids and the rise to maximum of the Perseids will be adversely affected. Observations of the Quadrantids will be hindered by a waxing gibbous Moon, which sets in the early morning hours. For Perseid maximum, the Moon is a waning crescent rising in the early morning hours. However, it is often possible for visual observers to minimize the effects of moonlight by positioning themselves so that the Moon is behind them and hidden behind a wall or other suitable obstruction.
There are many excellent observational opportunities in 2012. The peak of the Quadrantids occurs at about 06h, so the final rise to maximum may be observed without interference from moonlight for several hours before dawn. The maxima of the April Lyrids, Orionids, Taurids (in early November), Leonids and Geminids are all observable with little or no interference from moonlight. Indeed, the autumn months of 2012 look like being a bumper time for meteor observers!
The April Lyrids have been rather neglected in recent years, but with no interference from moonlight in 2012, and a peak occurring in the early morning hours as the radiant climbs, it is hoped that observers will make a point of covering the shower this time around. The Orionids and the Taurids have both produced unexpected activity in recent years – unusually high rates for the Orionids in 2006, and an atypical number of bright Taurids in 2005 – so it is hoped that there will be good coverage of these two showers in October and November, respectively. Enhanced Leonid rates are now unlikely, but observations are important in the ‘normal’ years between the great displays. The Geminids are now the richest of the annual meteor showers and this year’s maximum coincides with New Moon, so high observed rates are likely in the pre-dawn hours of December 13 and that evening as the radiant climbs. The main Geminid peak is expected at around 19h, but past observations show that bright Geminids become more numerous some hours after the rates have peaked, a consequence of particle-sorting in the meteoroid stream.
As always, observations away from the major shower maxima, and of year-round sporadic activity, are every bit as important to the work of the Association’s Meteor Section as those obtained when high rates are anticipated.
98 Meteor Diary BAA Handbook 2012
Meteor diary Meteor diaryEpoch Radiant
PositionTwilight
Lat. 52 º NRadiant
Lat. 52 º NTwilight
Lat. 35 º SRadiant
Lat. 35 º S
Shower
λ (2000.0)
º MaximumNormalLimits
ZHRat
Max
MaximumRA
h m ºDec
º
DailyMotion
RADec
º
Tele-scopic
Activity
Local time of Transit
h Date
Age ofMoon
dEnds
hBegins
hUTh
Altº
Endsh
Beginsh
UTh
Altº Notes
Quadrantids 283.1 Jan. 4d 06h Jan. 1-6 80? 15 28 (232) +50 1.5 8.6 Jan. 4 10 17.4 6.7 00 03 06
21 40 46
- - - - Blue and yellow meteors. Diffuse radiant except at peak. Strong in 1992. Quite favourable.
Virginids 022 Apr. 11 Mar. - Apr.Apr. 6-17
5 5
14 04 (211) 13 36 (204)
-09 -11
? 0.7 Apr. 11 20 20.2 3.8 22 01 04
20 29 16
18.6 5.4 20 00 04
21 62 38
The two most prominent of several radiants in Virgo, active March - April. Slow, long paths.
Lyrids 032.3 Apr. 22d 05h Apr. 18-25 10 18 08 (272) +32 +1.1 0.0 - 4.2 Apr. 22 1 20.6 3.4 21 00 03
15 41 66
18.4 5.6 01 03 05
09 21 22
Normally rather moderate activity, but fine displays in 1803, 1922, 1982. Very favourable.
η Aquarids 045 May 6 Apr. 24 - May 20
40 22 20 (335) -01 +0.9 +0.4 - 7.6 May 5 14 21.1 2.8 02 03
03 12
18.2 5.7 02 04 06
05 29 49
Fine southern radiant, poorly seen from the UK. Broad maximum and multiple radiant. Telescopic peak λA=042°.
α-Scorpiids 038 052
Apr. 28 May 13
Apr. 20 - May 19
5 16 31 (248) 16 04 (241)
-24 -24
+0.5 -0.19 1.5 2.0 1.6
Apr. 28 May 12
7 21
21.4 2.5 22 00 02
07 14 12
18.1 5.8 20 00 03
30 77 57
Part of the Scorpio - Sagittarius complex. Several weak radiants. April - July.
Ophiuchids 079 089
Jun. 9 Jun. 20
May 19 - Jul.
5 17 56 (269) 17 20 (260)
-23 -20
- 23.5 Jun. 9 Jun. 20
201
22.5 1.5 22 00 02
15 18 10
17.9 6.1 21 00 03
54 74 42
Weak activity from several radiants. Best for southern observers.
α-Cygnids 118 148
Jul. 20 Aug. 20
Jul. - Aug. 5 21 00 (315) +48 ? 0.9 Jul. 20 Aug. 20
13
21.8 2.3 22 00 02
62 80 79
18.1 6.1 23 01 02
03 07 06
Weak, apparently stationary radiant producing steady activity throughout northern summer.
Capricornids 106 113 123
Jul. 8 Jul. 15 Jul. 25
Jul. - Aug. 5 20 44 (311) -15 - 1.2 0.6
Jul. 8 Jul. 15 Jul. 25
19266
22.2 2.1 22 00 02
11 21 22
18.1 6.1 21 00 03
54 64 06
Bright yellow-blue meteors. May have three maxima and multiple radiant.
δ-Aquarids 126 134
Jul. 28 Aug. 6
Jul. 15 - Aug. 20
20 10
22 36 (339) 23 04 (346)
-17 +02
+0.8 +1.0
+0.18 +0.2
1.0 2.2 2.1
Jul. 28 Aug. 6
918
21.6 2.6 23 01 03
09 19 20
18.2 6.0 23 02 05
44 72 49
Fine southern shower with double radiant. S. component is the richer. Meteors tend to be faint.
Piscis Australids 128 Jul. 31 Jul. 15 - Aug. 20
5 22 40 (340) -30 ? 2.1 Jul. 31 12 21.5 2.7 00 01 02
03 07 08
18.3 6.0 23 02 05
51 85 53
Southern shower in need of observation.
α-Capricornids 130 Aug. 2-3 Jul. 15 - Aug. 20
5 20 36 (309) -10 +0.9 +0.3 - 23.9 Aug. 2 14 21.4 2.8 22 00 02
23 28 22
18.3 5.9 23 02 05
43 65 41
Maxima at 123°, 129°, 137°. Long, slow fireballs are often seen.
ι-Aquarids 134 Aug. 6 Jul. - Aug. 8 22 10 (333) 22 04 (331)
-15-06
+1.07 +1.03
+0.18 +0.13
1.0? 1.6 1.1
Aug. 6 18 21.2 2.9 22 00 02
12 21 22
18.3 5.9 22 01 04
38 68 52
Rich in faint meteors. Double radiant.
Perseids 139.9 Aug. 12d 10h Jul. 23 - Aug. 20
80 03 04 (046) +58 +1.35 +0.12 0.5 5.7 Aug. 12 24 21.0 3.2 21 00 03
27 44 66
- - - - Rich shower of fast meteors. High proportion of bright events leaving persistent trains. Good imaging target.
Piscids 166 178 200
Sep. 8 Sep. 20 Oct. 13
Sep. - Oct. 10 5 ?
00 36 (009) 00 24 (006) 01 44 (026)
+07 00
+14
? 1.3 0.3 0.1
Sep. 8 Sep. 20Oct. 13
22427
19.7 4.1 21 00 03
21 42 41
18.7 5.2 21 16 Another multiple-radiant ecliptic complex with low rates.
Orionids 209 Oct. 20-22 Oct. 16-30 25 06 24 (096) +15 +1.23 +0.13 1.0 4.5 Oct. 21 6 18.1 5.4 00 02 04
26 43 53
19.3 4.2 00 02 04
09 29 40
Fast meteors, many with persistent trains. Flat maximum, with several sub-peaks. Good in 2006. Favourable.
Taurids (S) 223 (N) 230
Nov. 5 Nov.12
Oct. 20 - Nov. 30
10 03 44 (056) 03 44 (056)
+14 +22
+0.79 +0.76
+0.15 +0.10
? 0.6 0.6
Nov. 5 Nov. 12
2128
17.7 5.7 21 00 03
33 51 42
19.5 3.9 21 00 03
19 36 30
Slow meteors. Double radiant. Broad peak λA =220° - 230°. Sometimes more bright events, as in 2005. Fvourable.
Leonids 235.4 Nov.17d 13h Nov. 15-20 20? 10 08 (152) +22 +0.07 -0.42 0.5? 6.4 Nov. 17 4 17.4 6.1 01 03 05
23 41 56
19.8 3.7 02 03 04
05 15 24
Very fast meteors, many with persistent trains. Enhanced activity unlikely until the late 2020s, but observations still important. Very favourable.
Puppids-Velids 257 274
Dec. 9 Dec. 25
Nov. 27 - Jan.
15 09 00 (135) 09 20 (140)
-48 -65
? 6.4 Dec. 8 Dec. 25
2512
- - - - 20.2 3.5 23 01 03
13 31 50
Two of several radiants in Puppis, Vela and Carina from November to January.
Geminids 262.0 Dec. 13d 19h Dec. 7-16 100+ 07 32 (113) +33 +1.1 -0.07 1.5 1.9 Dec. 13 0 17.2 6.6 21 00 03
34 61 67
20.2 3.6 23 01 03
12 22 31
Richest of the annual showers, with slow meteors and a good proportion of bright events. Very favourable.
Ursids 271 Dec. 22-23 Dec. 17-25 10 14 28 (217) +78 +0.88 -0.45 1.0? 8.4 Dec. 22 9 17.3 6.7 22 02 06
41 49 61
- - - - Under-observed shower which has produced outbursts in 1945, 1982 and 1986.
BAA Handbook 2012 Meteor Diary 99
Meteor diary Meteor diaryEpoch Radiant
PositionTwilight
Lat. 52 º NRadiant
Lat. 52 º NTwilight
Lat. 35 º SRadiant
Lat. 35 º S
Shower
λ (2000.0)
º MaximumNormalLimits
ZHRat
Max
MaximumRA
h m ºDec
º
DailyMotion
RADec
º
Tele-scopic
Activity
Local time of Transit
h Date
Age ofMoon
dEnds
hBegins
hUTh
Altº
Endsh
Beginsh
UTh
Altº Notes
Quadrantids 283.1 Jan. 4d 06h Jan. 1-6 80? 15 28 (232) +50 1.5 8.6 Jan. 4 10 17.4 6.7 00 03 06
21 40 46
- - - - Blue and yellow meteors. Diffuse radiant except at peak. Strong in 1992. Quite favourable.
Virginids 022 Apr. 11 Mar. - Apr.Apr. 6-17
5 5
14 04 (211) 13 36 (204)
-09 -11
? 0.7 Apr. 11 20 20.2 3.8 22 01 04
20 29 16
18.6 5.4 20 00 04
21 62 38
The two most prominent of several radiants in Virgo, active March - April. Slow, long paths.
Lyrids 032.3 Apr. 22d 05h Apr. 18-25 10 18 08 (272) +32 +1.1 0.0 - 4.2 Apr. 22 1 20.6 3.4 21 00 03
15 41 66
18.4 5.6 01 03 05
09 21 22
Normally rather moderate activity, but fine displays in 1803, 1922, 1982. Very favourable.
η Aquarids 045 May 6 Apr. 24 - May 20
40 22 20 (335) -01 +0.9 +0.4 - 7.6 May 5 14 21.1 2.8 02 03
03 12
18.2 5.7 02 04 06
05 29 49
Fine southern radiant, poorly seen from the UK. Broad maximum and multiple radiant. Telescopic peak λA=042°.
α-Scorpiids 038 052
Apr. 28 May 13
Apr. 20 - May 19
5 16 31 (248) 16 04 (241)
-24 -24
+0.5 -0.19 1.5 2.0 1.6
Apr. 28 May 12
7 21
21.4 2.5 22 00 02
07 14 12
18.1 5.8 20 00 03
30 77 57
Part of the Scorpio - Sagittarius complex. Several weak radiants. April - July.
Ophiuchids 079 089
Jun. 9 Jun. 20
May 19 - Jul.
5 17 56 (269) 17 20 (260)
-23 -20
- 23.5 Jun. 9 Jun. 20
201
22.5 1.5 22 00 02
15 18 10
17.9 6.1 21 00 03
54 74 42
Weak activity from several radiants. Best for southern observers.
α-Cygnids 118 148
Jul. 20 Aug. 20
Jul. - Aug. 5 21 00 (315) +48 ? 0.9 Jul. 20 Aug. 20
13
21.8 2.3 22 00 02
62 80 79
18.1 6.1 23 01 02
03 07 06
Weak, apparently stationary radiant producing steady activity throughout northern summer.
Capricornids 106 113 123
Jul. 8 Jul. 15 Jul. 25
Jul. - Aug. 5 20 44 (311) -15 - 1.2 0.6
Jul. 8 Jul. 15 Jul. 25
19266
22.2 2.1 22 00 02
11 21 22
18.1 6.1 21 00 03
54 64 06
Bright yellow-blue meteors. May have three maxima and multiple radiant.
δ-Aquarids 126 134
Jul. 28 Aug. 6
Jul. 15 - Aug. 20
20 10
22 36 (339) 23 04 (346)
-17 +02
+0.8 +1.0
+0.18 +0.2
1.0 2.2 2.1
Jul. 28 Aug. 6
918
21.6 2.6 23 01 03
09 19 20
18.2 6.0 23 02 05
44 72 49
Fine southern shower with double radiant. S. component is the richer. Meteors tend to be faint.
Piscis Australids 128 Jul. 31 Jul. 15 - Aug. 20
5 22 40 (340) -30 ? 2.1 Jul. 31 12 21.5 2.7 00 01 02
03 07 08
18.3 6.0 23 02 05
51 85 53
Southern shower in need of observation.
α-Capricornids 130 Aug. 2-3 Jul. 15 - Aug. 20
5 20 36 (309) -10 +0.9 +0.3 - 23.9 Aug. 2 14 21.4 2.8 22 00 02
23 28 22
18.3 5.9 23 02 05
43 65 41
Maxima at 123°, 129°, 137°. Long, slow fireballs are often seen.
ι-Aquarids 134 Aug. 6 Jul. - Aug. 8 22 10 (333) 22 04 (331)
-15-06
+1.07 +1.03
+0.18 +0.13
1.0? 1.6 1.1
Aug. 6 18 21.2 2.9 22 00 02
12 21 22
18.3 5.9 22 01 04
38 68 52
Rich in faint meteors. Double radiant.
Perseids 139.9 Aug. 12d 10h Jul. 23 - Aug. 20
80 03 04 (046) +58 +1.35 +0.12 0.5 5.7 Aug. 12 24 21.0 3.2 21 00 03
27 44 66
- - - - Rich shower of fast meteors. High proportion of bright events leaving persistent trains. Good imaging target.
Piscids 166 178 200
Sep. 8 Sep. 20 Oct. 13
Sep. - Oct. 10 5 ?
00 36 (009) 00 24 (006) 01 44 (026)
+07 00
+14
? 1.3 0.3 0.1
Sep. 8 Sep. 20Oct. 13
22427
19.7 4.1 21 00 03
21 42 41
18.7 5.2 21 16 Another multiple-radiant ecliptic complex with low rates.
Orionids 209 Oct. 20-22 Oct. 16-30 25 06 24 (096) +15 +1.23 +0.13 1.0 4.5 Oct. 21 6 18.1 5.4 00 02 04
26 43 53
19.3 4.2 00 02 04
09 29 40
Fast meteors, many with persistent trains. Flat maximum, with several sub-peaks. Good in 2006. Favourable.
Taurids (S) 223 (N) 230
Nov. 5 Nov.12
Oct. 20 - Nov. 30
10 03 44 (056) 03 44 (056)
+14 +22
+0.79 +0.76
+0.15 +0.10
? 0.6 0.6
Nov. 5 Nov. 12
2128
17.7 5.7 21 00 03
33 51 42
19.5 3.9 21 00 03
19 36 30
Slow meteors. Double radiant. Broad peak λA =220° - 230°. Sometimes more bright events, as in 2005. Fvourable.
Leonids 235.4 Nov.17d 13h Nov. 15-20 20? 10 08 (152) +22 +0.07 -0.42 0.5? 6.4 Nov. 17 4 17.4 6.1 01 03 05
23 41 56
19.8 3.7 02 03 04
05 15 24
Very fast meteors, many with persistent trains. Enhanced activity unlikely until the late 2020s, but observations still important. Very favourable.
Puppids-Velids 257 274
Dec. 9 Dec. 25
Nov. 27 - Jan.
15 09 00 (135) 09 20 (140)
-48 -65
? 6.4 Dec. 8 Dec. 25
2512
- - - - 20.2 3.5 23 01 03
13 31 50
Two of several radiants in Puppis, Vela and Carina from November to January.
Geminids 262.0 Dec. 13d 19h Dec. 7-16 100+ 07 32 (113) +33 +1.1 -0.07 1.5 1.9 Dec. 13 0 17.2 6.6 21 00 03
34 61 67
20.2 3.6 23 01 03
12 22 31
Richest of the annual showers, with slow meteors and a good proportion of bright events. Very favourable.
Ursids 271 Dec. 22-23 Dec. 17-25 10 14 28 (217) +78 +0.88 -0.45 1.0? 8.4 Dec. 22 9 17.3 6.7 22 02 06
41 49 61
- - - - Under-observed shower which has produced outbursts in 1945, 1982 and 1986.
100 Variable Stars BAA Handbook 2012
variable starsHeliocentric Times of Primary Minima
β Persei (Algol) 2m.1 to 3m.4 , Duration 9.6 hours h h h h h hJan. 3 0.4* Feb. 3 13.3 Mar. 3 5.5 Apr. 3 18.5 May 2 10.7 Jun. 2 23.6* 5 21.2* 6 10.2 6 2.3* 6 15.3 5 7.5 5 20.4 8 18.0 9 7.0 8 23.1* 9 12.1 8 4.3 8 17.3 11 14.8 12 3.8* 11 19.9* 12 8.9 11 1.1* 11 14.1 14 11.6 15 0.6* 14 16.8 15 5.7 13 21.9 14 10.9 17 08.4 17 21.4* 17 13.6 18 2.6* 16 18.7 17 7.7 20 5.3* 20 18.2 20 10.4 20 23.4* 19 15.6 20 4.5 23 2.1* 23 15.0 23 7.2 23 20.2 22 12.4 23 1.3* 25 22.9* 26 11.9 26 4.0* 26 17.0 25 9.2 25 22.2 28 19.7* 29 8.7 29 0.8* 29 13.8 28 6.0 28 19.0 31 16.5 31 21.7* 31 2.8 Jul. 1 15.8 Aug. 2 4.8 Sep. 2 17.8 Oct. 1 9.9 Nov. 1 22.9* Dec. 3 11.9 4 12.6 5 1.6* 5 14.6 4 6.7 4 19.7* 6 8.7 7 9.4 7 22.4* 8 11.4 7 3.6* 7 16.5 9 5.5* 10 6.2 10 19.2 11 8.2 10 0.4* 10 13.4 12 2.4* 13 3.1 13 16.1 14 5.0 12 21.2* 13 10.2 14 23.2* 15 23.9* 16 12.9 17 1.8* 15 18.0 16 7.0 17 20.0* 18 20.7 19 9.7 19 22.7* 18 14.8 19 3.8* 20 16.8 21 17.5 22 6.5 22 19.5 21 11.6 22 0.6* 23 13.6 24 14.3 25 3.3* 25 16.3 24 8.5 24 21.4* 26 10.4 27 11.1 28 0.1* 28 13.1 27 5.3 27 18.3 29 7.2 30 8.0 30 21.0 30 2.1* 30 15.1
λ Tauri 3m.4 to 3m.9, Duration 14.2 hours h h h h h hJan. 2 15.1 Feb. 3 6.0 Mar. 1 22.2* Apr. 2 13.1 May 4 4.1 Jun. 4 19.0 6 14.0 7 4.9* 5 21.0* 6 12.0 8 3.0 8 17.9 10 12.8 11 3.8* 9 19.9 10 10.8 12 1.8* 12 16.8 14 11.7 15 2.7* 13 18.8 14 9.7 16 0.7* 16 15.6 18 10.6 19 1.5* 17 17.6 18 8.6 19 23.5* 20 14.5 22 9.4 23 0.4* 21 16.5 22 7.5 23 22.4 24 13.4 26 8.3 26 23.3* 25 15.4 26 6.3 27 21.3 28 12.3 30 7.2 29 14.2 30 5.2 31 20.2 Jul. 2 11.1 Aug. 3 2.1* Sep. 3 17.1 Oct. 1 9.1 Nov. 2 0.1* Dec. 3 15.1 6 10.0 7 1.1* 7 15.9 5 8.0 5 23.0* 7 13.9 10 8.9 10 23.8* 11 14.8 9 6.9 9 21.8* 11 12.8 14 7.7 14 22.7* 15 13.7 13 5.8 13 20.7* 15 11.7 18 6.6 18 21.6 19 12.5 17 4.6* 17 19.6* 19 10.6 22 5.5 22 20.4 23 11.4 21 3.5* 21 18.5 23 9.4 26 4.3 26 19.3 27 10.3 25 2.4* 25 17.3 27 8.3 30 3.2 30 18.2 29 1.2* 29 16.2 31 7.2
BAA Handbook 2012 Variable Stars 101
RZ Cassiopeiae 6m.2 to 7m.7, Duration 4.8 hours h h h h h hJan. 1 13.4 Feb. 1 15.2 Mar. 1 7.7 Apr. 1 9.5 May 1 6.7 Jun. 1 8.5 2 18.1 2 19.9* 2 12.4 2 14.2 2 11.4 2 13.2 3 22.8* 4 0.6* 3 17.1 3 18.9 3 16.8 3 17.9 5 3.5* 5 5.3* 4 21.7* 4 23.6* 4 20.7 4 22.6 6 8.1 6 10.0 6 2.4* 6 4.3 6 1.4* 6 3.3 7 12.8 7 14.7 7 7.1 7 9.0 7 6.1 7 8.0 8 17.5 8 19.3* 8 11.8 8 13.7 8 10.8 8 12.6 9 22.2* 10 0.0* 9 16.5 9 18.3 9 15.5 9 17.3 11 2.9* 11 4.7* 10 21.2* 10 23.0* 10 20.2 10 22.0 12 7.6 12 9.4 12 1.9* 12 3.7* 12 0.9* 12 2.7 13 12.2 13 14.1 13 6.6 13 8,4 13 5.5 13 7.4 14 16.9 14 18.8 14 11.2 14 13.1 14 10.2 14 12.1 15 21.6* 15 23.5* 15 15.9 15 17.8 15 14.9 15 16.8 17 2.3* 17 4.2* 16 20.6* 16 22.5* 16 19.6 16 21.5 18 7.0 18 8.8 18 1.3* 18 3.1* 18 0.3* 18 2.1* 19 11.7 19 13.5 19 6.0 19 7.8 19 5.0 19 6.8 20 16.4 20 18.2 20 10.7 20 12.4 20 9.7 20 11.5 21 21.0* 21 22.9* 21 15.4 21 17.1 21 14.4 21 16.2 23 1.7* 23 3.6* 22 20.0 22 21.9* 22 19.0 22 20.9 24 6.4* 24 8.3 24 0.7* 24 2.6* 23 23.7* 24 1.6* 25 11.1 25 13.0 26 10.1 25 7.2 25 4.4 25 6.3 26 15.8 26 17.6 27 14.8 26 12.0 26 9.1 26 10.9 27 20.5* 27 22.3* 28 19.5 27 16.6 27 13.8 27 15.6 29 1.2* 29 3.0* 30 0.2* 28 21.3 28 18.5 28 20.3 30 5.9* 31 4.8 30 2.0* 29 23.1* 30 1.0* 31 10.5 31 3.8 Jul. 1 5.7 Aug. 1 7.5 Sep. 1 9.4 Oct. 1 6.5 Nov. 1 8.4 Dec. 1 5.5* 2 10.4 2 12.2 2 14.1 2 11.2 2 13.1 2 10.2 3 15.1 3 16.9 3 18.7 3 15.9 3 17.8 3 14.9 4 19.8 4 21.6 4 23.4* 4 20.6 4 22.4* 4 19.6* 6 0.4* 6 2.3* 6 4.1* 6 1.3* 6 3.1* 6 0.3* 7 5.1 7 7.0 7 8.8 8 10.6 7 7.8 7 4.9* 8 9.8 8 11.6 8 13.5 9 15.3 8 12.5 8 9.6 9 14.5 9 16.3 9 18.2 10 20.0* 9 17.2 9 14.4 10 19.2 10 21.0 10 22.8* 12 0.7* 10 21.8* 10 19.0* 11 23.9* 12 1.7* 12 3.6* 13 5.4 12 2.5* 11 23.1* 13 4.6 13 6.4 13 8.2 14 10.1 13 7.2 13 4.4* 14 9.2 14 11.1 14 12.9 15 14.8 14 11.9 14 9.1 15 13.9 15 16.3 15 17.6 16 19.4 15 16.6 15 13.8 16 18.6 16 21.0 16 22.3* 18 0.1* 16 21.3* 16 18.4 17 23.3* 18 1.7* 18 3.0* 19 4.8* 18 2.0* 17 23.1* 19 4.0 19 5.8 19 7.6 20 9.5 19 6.6 19 3.8* 20 8.7 20 10.5 20 12.3 21 14.2 20 11.4 20 8.5 21 13.3 21 15.2 21 17.0 22 18.9 21 16.0 21 13.2 22 18.0 22 19.9 22 21.7* 23 23.6* 22 20.7* 22 17.9 23 22.7* 24 0.6* 24 2.4* 25 4.2* 24 1.4* 23 22.6* 25 3.4* 25 5.1 25 7.1 26 8.9 25 6.1 25 3.2* 26 9.0 26 9.9 26 11.8 27 13.6 26 10.8 26 7.9 27 12.8 27 14.6 27 16.5 28 18.3 27 15.5 27 12.6 28 17.5 28 19.3 28 21.1* 29 23.0* 28 20.1* 28 17.3 29 22.2 29 0.0* 30 1.8* 31 3.7* 30 0.8* 29 22.0* 31 2.8* 31 4.7 31 2.7*
Minima marked with an asterisk (*) are favourable from the British Isles, taking into account the altitude of the variable and the distance of the Sun below the horizon (based on longitude 0° and latitude 52° N).
variable stars
102 Variable Stars BAA Handbook 2012
Mira stars
Below are given approximate dates of maxima and minima for Mira stars on the programme of the BAA Variable Star Section, together with (usually) the mean visual range, period (P), and fraction of the period taken in rising from minimum (m) to maximum (M) for each star. The predictions use data provided by the American Association of Variable Star Observers, and are subject to uncertainty.
Star Range Period (M-m)/P Max. Min. M m dR And 6.9 14.3 409 0.38 - Jul./Aug.W And 7.4 13.7 396 0.42 Oct. Apr./MayRW And 8.7 14.8 430 0.36 2011 Dec./2012 Jan. Sep./Oct. R Aqr 6.5 10.3 387 0.42 Feb. Sep./Oct.R Aql 6.1 11.5 284 0.42 Sep. May/Jun.UV Aur* 7.4 10.6 394 0.50 Apr. Oct./Nov.V Cam 9.9 15.4 522 0.31 - Nov.X Cam 8.1 12.6 144 0.49 Mar./Apr., Aug. Jan., Jun., Oct./Nov. SU Cnc* 10.5 [15.4 187 0.43 May, Nov. Feb., Aug./Sep. U CVn 9.9 14.6 346 0.37 Jan. Aug.RT CVn* 9.9 [15.0 254 0.45 Mar., Nov. Jul./Aug. S Cas 9.7 14.8 612 0.43 Jun. -T Cas 7.9 11.9 445 0.56 Jul. -o Cet 3.4 9.3 332 0.38 Aug. Apr.R Com 8.5 14.2 363 0.38 Aug./Sep. Apr. S CrB 7.3 12.9 360 0.35 Sep. MayV CrB 7.5 11.0 358 0.41 Nov./Dec. Jul. W CrB 8.5 13.5 238 0.45 Jul./Aug. Apr. R Cyg 7.5 13.9 426 0.35 Jun. Jan.S Cyg 10.3 16.0 323 0.50 Jun. Nov.V Cyg 9.1 12.8 421 0.46 Aug. Jan./Feb.c Cyg 5.2 13.4 408 0.41 Mar. Nov. T Dra 9.6 12.3 422 0.44 Nov. MayRU Her 8.0 13.7 485 0.43 Aug. 2011 Dec./2012 Jan.SS Her 9.2 12.4 107 0.48 Mar., Jun./Jul., Oct. Jan., Apr./May, Aug., 2012 Dec./2013 Jan.R Hya 4.5 9.5 389 0.49 Dec. May/Jun.SU Lac* 10.3 [15.0 302 0.40 Sep. MayRS Leo* 9.7 [15.5 208 0.31 Mar., Oct. Jan., Aug. W Lyn 9.9 15: 295 0.40 Aug./Sep. Apr./May X Lyn 10.2 15: 321 0.40 Mar. Sep.X Oph 6.8 8.8 329 0.53 Aug./Sep. Mar. U Ori 6.3 12.0 368 0.38 Mar. Oct./Nov.R Ser 6.9 13.4 356 0.41 Aug./Sep. Apr. T UMa 7.7 12.9 257 0.41 Jun./Jul. Mar., Nov./Dec.
*Extreme range is given. [ = fainter than. : = approximately.
BAA Handbook 2012 Variable Stars 103
variable star of tHe year
eta geminorum (Propus)Eta Geminorum (Propus) is a red giant star. It is also a visual double with a 6th magnitude companion approximately 1.6 arc seconds distant. The red giant star also has a very close companion that is only detectable spectroscopically.
Although it had been known since the mid 19th century that it varies in brightness, astronomers in the first half of the 20th century noticed that it also seemed to go through particularly faint spells at intervals of around 8 years. It was also noted that the star’s radial velocity graph showed a minimum coincident with these fades.
As is the case for many red giant stars, the brightness variations of eta Gem are semi-regular – the period being approximately 233 days. Variable star catalogues usually list the star as having a magnitude range of 3.1 - 3.9. However, anyone who has regularly observed it, is likely to have noticed that it usually only varies in the upper half of this range.
The deeper fades are due to the star also being an eclipsing variable, with the eclipses being caused by the spectroscopic companion and occurring at intervals of approximately 2984 days (just over 8 years).
The most recent eclipses occurred during Jan. - Mar. 1980, Mar. - May 1988, May - Jul. 1996 and Jul. - Sep. 2004. Unfortunately, the 1996 eclipse occurred when eta Gem was close to conjunction with the Sun and the 2004 eclipse was already half completed by the time that the star emerged from the early August morning twilight.
The 2012 eclipse is more favourably timed, with mid eclipse occurring at the start of October. The eclipse will (probably) be underway by late August and will have ended by mid November. This will be the first time since 1988 that the whole eclipse has been observable. However, eta Gem will only be well placed for observation in the second half of the night.
The accompanying light curve is based on observations made by members of the North Western Association of Variable Star Observers (NWAVSO) during the 1979 - 1980 apparition.
There is some uncertainty as to the duration of the eclipse. The duration of totality is usually quoted as being about 30 days, but there has been disagreement regarding the duration of the partial phase with some sources quoting a few days and others suggesting several weeks – determining the duration is complicated by the presence of the semi-regular variations. Observations made by NWAVSO members in 1980, by JAS VSS members in 1988 and by BAA VSS members in 2004 were consistent with a partial phase lasting several weeks.
With eta Gem being a red star and most of the available comparison stars being white or yellow, it is inevitable that some observers will see it as being slightly brighter than do others. This is not a problem – all observers should still see the same depth of eclipse - nearly half a magnitude. Having said that, with eta Gem also showing semi-regular variations don’t be surprised if its brightness at the end of the eclipse is different from that just before the eclipse – in 1980, 1988 and 2004 it was probably fading towards a semi-regular minimum when the eclipse ended.
It is important to observe eta Gem when it is well above the horizon – when lower in the sky, the effects of haze and atmospheric absorption can affect the apparent brightness of the variable and its comparisons by different amounts, especially if they are at different altitudes. Fortunately, in the autumn the variable and comparisons are aligned fairly horizontally, whereas in the spring they line up more vertically.
104 Variable Stars BAA Handbook 2012
eta
ge
Min
or
UM
lig
Ht
CU
rv
e
BAA Handbook 2012 Variable Stars 105
eta geMinorUM finder CHart
106 Double Stars BAA Handbook 2012
ePHeMerides of doUble stars
Inspection of the two-point ephemeris will indicate whether a pair is closing, relatively static, or opening up, and whether motion is direct or retrograde. A fast-mover of long period is probably near periastron, while a slow-mover of short period is likely to be near apastron. The orbital ele-ments employed for the computation are those published in the “Sixth Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars”, by William I. Hartkopf and Brian D. Mason, U.S. Naval Observatory:
http://ad.usno.navy.mil/wds/orb6.html
2000.0 2012.0 2013.0Star Name ADS RA Dec. Mags. Period PA Dist. PA Dist. h m ° ′ y ° ″ ° ″85 Peg 17175 0 02.2 +27 05 5.8 8.9 26 291.6 0.73 304.1 0.62OS 4 221 0 16.7 +36 29 7.9 9.9 109 72.7 0.18 62.3 0.17l Cas 434 0 31.8 +54 31 5.3 5.6 536 250.3 0.06 291.0 0.05b 395 520 0 37.3 -24 46 6.2 6.6 25 104.1 0.68 106.6 0.74h Cas 671 0 49.1 +57 49 3.5 7.4 480 322.4 13.26 322.9 13.29 36 And 755 0 55.0 +23 38 6.1 6.5 168 325.7 1.08 326.9 1.09Howe 4 1223 1 33.7 -12 13 9.2 9.3 146 332.0 0.93 331.8 0.93Dunlop 5 .. 1 39.8 -56 12 5.8 5.9 484 187.9 11.68 187.7 11.69 S 186 1538 1 55.9 +1 51 6.8 6.8 166 68.0 0.81 68.7 0.79a Psc 1615 2 02.0 +2 46 4.1 5.2 933 263.2 1.76 262.4 1.76 10 Ari 1631 2 03.7 +25 56 5.8 7.9 325 345.1 1.45 345.6 1.47S 228 1709 2 14.0 +47 29 6.6 7.2 144 295.4 0.79 296.9 0.76h 3494 .. 2 19.8 -35 27 9.0 9.1 475 244.2 2.24 243.7 2.26i Cas AB 1860 2 29.1 +67 24 4.6 6.9 620 228.8 2.61 228.6 2.61 S 305 2122 2 47.5 +19 22 7.5 8.2 720 306.2 3.72 306.1 3.72 a For 2402 3 12.1 -28 59 4.0 7.2 269 300.0 5.28 300.1 5.31S 367 2416 3 14.0 +0 44 8.1 8.2 790 129.0 1.14 128.6 1.157 Tau 2616 3 34.4 +24 28 6.6 6.9 522 352.7 0.74 352.4 0.74 OS 65 2799 3 50.3 +25 35 5.7 6.5 61 199.6 0.31 200.4 0.3440 Eri BC 3093 4 15.3 -7 39 9.5 11.2v 252 333.4 9.13 333.1 9.11 OS 77 AB 3082 4 15.9 +31 42 8.0 8.2 188 296.8 0.54 297.9 0.53Hu 445 3614 5 01.7 +20 50 8.4 9.3 166 140.6 0.38 142.5 0.3714 Ori 3711 5 07.9 +8 30 5.8 6.7 197 296.0 0.90 294.3 0.91h Gem 4841 6 14.9 +22 30 3.5v 6.2 474 253.4 1.60 253.2 1.60 OS 149 5234 6 36.4 +27 17 7.1 9.0 119 285.9 0.73 284.9 0.74 12 Lyn AB 5400 6 46.2 +59 27 5.4 6.0 908 68.0 1.88 67.7 1.8914 Lyn 5514 6 53.1 +59 27 6.0 6.5 316 341.5 0.26 343.9 0.26a Gem 6175 7 34.6 +31 53 1.9 3.0 445 55.9 4.80 55.3 4.879 Pup 6420 7 51.8 -13 54 5.6 6.5 23 289.5 0.54 291.7 0.56z Cnc AB 6650 8 12.2 +17 39 5.3 6.2 60 30.5 1.09 27.0 1.10 z Cnc AB-C 6650 8 12.2 +17 39 5.1 6.2 1115 67.6 5.92 67.1 5.92b 208 6914 8 39.1 -22 40 5.4 6.8 123 44.7 0.85 46.1 0.80I 314 .. 8 39.4 -36 36 6.4 7.9 66 242.8 0.76 242.5 0.78d Vel .. 8 44.7 -54 43 2.1 5.1 147 280.9 0.40 265.8 0.38 e Hya AB-C 6993 8 46.8 +6 25 3.5 6.7 990 306.3 2.89 307.0 2.90 S 1338 7307 9 21.0 +38 11 6.7 7.1 303 307.7 1.01 309.5 1.01w Leo 7390 9 28.5 +9 03 5.7 7.3 118 105.6 0.77 106.9 0.78g Sex 7555 9 52.5 -8 06 5.4 6.4 78 47.3 0.56 46.0 0.55g Leo 7724 10 20.0 +19 50 2.4 3.6 510 126.0 4.62 126.1 4.62b 411 7846 10 36.1 -26 41 6.7 7.8 170 306.8 1.39 306.4 1.39
BAA Handbook 2012 Double Stars 107
x UMa AB 8119 11 18.2 +31 32 4.3 4.8 60 196.7 1.63 189.8 1.67 i Leo 8148 11 23.9 +10 32 4.1 6.7 186 98.5 2.03 97.6 2.05BrsO 5 .. 11 24.7 -61 39 7.7 8.8 399 247.2 7.36 247.5 7.41OS 235 8197 11 32.3 +61 05 5.7 7.6 73 26.9 0.83 29.7 0.85S 1639 8539 12 24.4 +25 35 6.7 7.8 575 323.4 1.80 323.3 1.81 b 28 8573 12 30.1 -13 24 6.5 9.6 151 343.0 2.20 343.6 2.12g Cen .. 12 41.5 -48 58 2.8 2.9 84 299.7 0.21 269.8 0.15g Vir 8630 12 41.7 -1 27 3.5 3.5 169 14.4 1.78 11.1 1.9535 Com 8695 12 53.3 +21 15 5.2 7.1 359 197.4 1.03 198.5 1.03I 83 .. 12 56.7 -47 41 7.4 7.7 191 233.8 0.88 234.1 0.89 78 UMa 8739 13 00.7 +56 22 5.0 7.9 106 102.4 1.13 104.9 1.09A 1609 AB 8901 13 25.8 +44 30 8.8 9.5 44 41.4 0.43 45.0 0.4225 CVn 8974 13 37.5 +36 18 5.0 7.0 228 95.9 1.72 95.6 1.71a Cen .. 14 39.6 -60 50 0.1 1.2 80 257.3 5.44 265.7 4.87z Boo 9343 14 41.1 +13 44 4.5 4.6 124 293.2 0.51 292.3 0.49 f 309 .. 14 46.2 -21 11 7.3 7.3 13 117.0 0.26 125.6 0.28x Boo 9413 14 51.4 +19 06 4.8v 7.0 152 306.3 5.88 305.2 5.80OS 288 9425 14 53.4 +15 42 6.9 7.6 313 160.3 1.05 159.7 1.04H 4707 .. 14 54.2 -66 25 7.5 8.1 346 271.5 1.12 270.8 1.1444 Boo 9494 15 03.8 +47 39 5.2 6.1v 210 62.4 1.39 63.6 1.26 h CrB 9617 15 23.2 +30 17 5.6 6.0 42 183.5 0.65 191.0 0.67g Lup .. 15 35.1 -41 10 3.0 4.4 190 276.8 0.83 276.7 0.83p2 UMi 9769 15 39.6 +79 59 7.3 8.2 172 22.7 0.62 22.4 0.62x Sco AB 9909 16 04.4 -11 22 4.9 5.2 46 358.7 0.99 0.5 1.02s CrB AB 9979 16 14.7 +33 52 5.6 6.5 726 237.7 7.14 237.8 7.16 l Oph 10087 16 30.9 +1 59 4.2 5.2 129 38.6 1.44 39.4 1.44z Her 10157 16 41.3 +31 36 3.0 5.4 34 161.3 1.14 153.2 1.1620 Dra 10279 16 56.4 +65 02 7.1 7.3 422 66.9 1.15 66.9 1.15MlbO 4 AB .. 17 19.0 -34 59 6.4 7.4 42 173.3 1.32 164.9 1.28BrsO 13 .. 17 19.1 -46 38 5.6 8.9 693 256.7 10.02 257.0 10.09 26 Dra 10660 17 35.0 +61 53 5.3 8.5 76 311.2 0.83 306.8 0.72t Oph 11005 18 03.1 -8 11 5.3 5.9 257 285.7 1.59 286.1 1.58 70 Oph 11046 18 05.5 +2 30 4.2 6.2 88 129.2 5.95 128.1 6.07h 5014 .. 18 06.8 -43 25 5.6 5.7 450 1.4 1.72 0.9 1.73OS 358 11483 18 35.9 +16 59 6.9 7.1 380 148.1 1.52 147.6 1.52 e1 Lyr AB 11635 18 44.3 +39 40 5.0 6.1 1804 346.9 2.31 346.6 2.30e2 Lyr CD 11635 18 44.4 +39 37 5.2 5.4 724 77.3 2.38 76.9 2.38g CrA .. 19 06.4 -37 04 4.5 6.4 122 3.0 1.36 358.3 1.37d Cyg 12880 19 45.0 +45 8 2.9 6.3 780 219.0 2.70 218.5 2.70l Cyg 14296 20 47.4 +36 29 4.7 6.3 391 1.3 0.91 0.9 0.91 4 Aqr 14360 20 51.4 -5 38 6.4 7.4 194 28.3 0.75 29.2 0.74e Equ AB 14499 20 59.1 +4 18 6.0 6.3 101 283.4 0.41 283.1 0.36t Cyg 14787 21 14.8 +38 03 3.8 6.6 50 222.1 0.84 216.4 0.86m Cyg 15270 21 44.1 +28 45 4.8 6.2 789 318.2 1.62 319.1 1.6053 Aqr 15934 22 26.6 -16 45 6.3 6.4 3500 47.3 1.28 51.7 1.28 Kr 60 15972 22 28.0 +57 42 9.6 11.4v 45 358.5 1.60 341.5 1.50z Aqr AB 15971 22 28.8 -0 01 4.3 4.5 487 168.7 2.18 167.4 2.20p Cep 16538 23 07.9 +75 23 4.6 6.8 163 357.0 1.12 357.8 1.12b 80 16665 23 18.9 +5 24 8.4 9.4 97 235.1 0.60 238.2 0.6372 Peg 16836 23 34.0 +31 20 5.7 6.1 492 102.0 0.57 102.7 0.57
ePHeMerides of doUble stars 2000.0 2012.0 2013.0Star Name ADS RA Dec. Mags. Period PA Dist. PA Dist. h m ° ′ y ° ″ ° ″
108 Bright Stars BAA Handbook 2012
brigHt starsFOR EPOCH 2012.5
Name RA Dec. Mag. Name RA Dec. Mag. h m s º ' " h m s º ' " a And 0 09 02.2 29 09 34 2.07 a UMa 11 04 29.4 61 41 00 1.81 b Cas * 0 09 51.1 59 13 07 2.28 b Leo 11 49 41.8 14 30 08 2.14 a Cas 0 41 13.4 56 36 21 2.24 a1 Cru ** 12 27 18.1 -63 10 06 0.77 b Cet 0 44 13.0 -17 55 05 2.04 g Cru * 12 31 52.0 -57 10 59 1.59 b And 1 10 26.1 35 41 11 2.07 g Cen ** 12 42 12.7 -49 01 42 2.20 a Eri 1 38 10.7 -57 10 25 0.45 b Cru * 12 48 27.6 -59 45 25 1.25 g And 2 04 40.3 42 23 21 2.10 e UMa * 12 54 34.6 55 53 32 1.76 a Ari 2 07 52.9 23 31 16 2.01 z UMa 13 24 25.6 54 51 37 2.23 a UMi * 2 46 55.0 89 19 03 1.97 a Vir * 13 25 51.2 -11 13 34 0.98 b Per* 3 08 59.2 41 00 11 2.09 e Cen 13 40 41.2 -53 31 46 2.29 a Per 3 25 13.3 49 54 17 1.79 h UMa 13 48 01.9 49 15 04 1.85 h Tau 3 48 13.8 24 08 35 2.85 b Cen * 14 04 43.0 -60 25 58 0.61 a Tau 4 36 38.4 16 32 01 0.87 θ Cen 14 07 25.3 -36 25 51 2.06 b Ori 5 15 08.4 -8 11 17 0.18 a Boo 14 16 13.9 19 07 04 -0.05 a Aur * 5 17 36.9 46 00 34 0.08 h Cen * 14 36 18.3 -42 12 43 2.33 g Ori 5 25 48.1 6 21 36 1.64 a Cen cg* 14 40 27.3 -60 53 11 -0.28 b Tau 5 27 05.0 28 37 01 1.65 a Lup * 14 42 46.0 -47 26 28 2.30 d Ori* 5 32 38.8 0 17 27 2.25 e Boo 14 45 32.0 27 01 19 2.35 e Ori 5 36 50.9 -1 11 41 1.69 b UMi 14 50 40.8 74 06 16 2.07 z Ori 5 41 23.4 -1 56 13 1.74 a CrB * 15 35 13.0 26 40 24 2.22 κ Ori 5 48 21.0 -9 39 58 2.07 d Sco 16 01 04.5 -22 39 23 2.29 a Ori * 5 55 50.9 7 24 30 0.45 a Sco * 16 30 10.6 -26 27 32 1.06 b Aur * 6 00 26.8 44 56 51 1.90 a TrA 16 49 59.9 -69 02 56 1.91 b CMa * 6 23 15.0 -17 57 46 1.98 e Sco 16 50 58.5 -34 18 54 2.29 a Car 6 24 13.8 -52 42 10 -0.62 l Sco * 17 34 27.5 -37 06 42 1.62 g Gem 6 38 26.0 16 23 15 1.93 a Oph 17 35 30.9 12 33 06 2.08 a CMa 6 45 41.7 -16 44 03 -1.44 θ Sco 17 38 13.1 -43 00 16 1.86 e CMa 6 59 07.0 -28 59 23 1.50 g Dra 17 56 53.8 51 29 16 2.24 d CMa 7 08 54.0 -26 24 49 1.83 e Sgr 18 25 00.1 -34 22 39 1.79 a Gem ** 7 35 23.8 31 51 36 1.58 a Lyr 18 37 21.7 38 47 45 0.03 a CMi 7 39 57.4 5 11 32 0.40 s Sgr 18 56 02.4 -26 16 49 2.05 b Gem 7 46 04.8 27 59 42 1.16 b Cyg ** 19 31 13.5 27 59 12 3.08 z Pup 8 04 01.4 -40 02 20 2.21 a Aql 19 51 23.6 8 54 08 0.76 g Vel * 8 09 55.1 -47 22 26 1.75 g Cyg 20 22 40.6 40 17 50 2.23 e Car * 8 22 46.2 -59 33 00 1.86 a Pav 20 26 37.7 -56 41 38 1.94 d Vel 8 45 02.9 -54 45 18 1.93 a Cyg 20 41 51.5 45 19 32 1.25 l Vel * 9 08 27.4 -43 29 01 2.23 a Cep 21 18 52.6 62 38 20 2.45 b Car 9 13 19.9 -69 46 08 1.67 e Peg * 21 44 48.0 9 55 58 2.38 i Car * 9 17 25.5 -59 19 41 2.21 a Gru 22 09 00.9 -46 54 00 1.73 a Hya 9 28 12.1 -8 42 48 1.99 b Gru * 22 43 24.5 -46 49 08 2.07 a Leo 10 09 02.2 11 54 20 1.36 a PsA 22 58 20.3 -29 33 21 1.17 g Leo ** 10 20 39.6 19 46 40 2.01 b Peg * 23 04 22.9 28 09 03 2.44 b UMa 11 02 35.3 56 18 55 2.34 a Peg 23 05 23.1 15 16 22 2.49
* = Variable star ** = Double starNote: For double stars the co-ordinates refer to the brighter component but magnitude refers to the combined light.
BAA Handbook 2012 Active Galaxies 109
aCtive galaxies
Object RA (2000.0) Dec. Const. Type Mag.(V)* U.2000† h m ° Chart No.3C 66A 2 22 +43.0 And BL Lac 14.0 – 16.3 62NGC 1275 3 20 +41.5 Per Seyfert 13.2 – 13.7 633C 120 (BW Tau) 4 33 +5.4 Tau BL Lac 13.7 – 14.6 178S5 0716+71 7 22 +71.3 Cam BL Lac 12.3 – 15.3 21OJ+287 8 54 +20.1 Cnc BL Lac 12.4 – 16.0 142Markarian 421 11 04 +38.2 UMa BL Lac 12.3 – 14.2 106NGC 4151 12 10 +39.4 CVn Seyfert 11.0 – 12.4 74W Comae 12 21 +28.2 Com BL Lac 11.5 – 16.0 1483C 273 12 26 +2.3 Vir Quasar 12.3 – 13.3 2383C 279 12 56 -5.8 Vir Quasar 11.5 – 17.0 239BL Lacertae 22 02 +42.3 Lac BL Lac 12.5 – 15.5 87
*Approximate range † Uranometria
FINDER CHARTS FOR ACTIVE GALAXIES
Charts for all of the active galaxies listed above have been included in the last 11 BAA Handbooks and are listed below. Object BAA VSS Chart Handbook Year 3C 66A 309.01 2010 NGC1275 296.01 2008 BW Tau 320.01 2011 S5 0716+71 310.01 2009 OJ+287 208.02 2004 Markarian 421 243.01 2001 NGC4151 297.01 2007 W Com 148.03 2002 3C 273 244.01 2003 3C 279 151.02 2006 BL Lac 242.01 2005 The individual BAA VSS charts can be downloaded from the Variable Star Section website at:
http://www.britastro.org/vss/
110 Internet Resources BAA Handbook 2012
internet resoUrCesThe following internet resources may be of interest to Handbook users. Mention here does not imply that the BAA sanctions the contents of these web pages. Web addresses can change and sites may not always be available. BAA Section home pages can be accessed from the BAA home page (see back cover).
baa Computing section website http://britastro.org/computing
iaU Central bureau for astronomical telegrams (main page)http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/index.html
the astronomer (main page)http://www.theastronomer.org
astronomical data and cataloguesCentre de Données Astronomiques de Strasbourg http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/CDS.html
National Space Science Data Center (USA) http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.govAstronomical Data Archives Center (Japan) http://dbc.nao.ac.jp/index.html.en
the sun, eclipses and space weatherSOHO web site http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.govSolar Terrestrial Dispatch http://www.spacew.com
Aurorae http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/AuroraSpace Weather Prediction Center http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/index.html
Space Weather http://www.spaceweather.comNASA Eclipse Home Page http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse.html
Eclipses and Transits http://xjubier.free.fr/en/index_en.htmlEclipse maps http://www.eclipse-maps.com/Eclipse-Maps/Welcome.html
Eclipse weather http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~jander/Summary of eclipse-related material http://eclipse.im
lunar PhasesLunar Terminator Visualisation Tool (LVTV) http://ltvt.wikispaces.com/LTVT+Download
Comet and meteor informationLatest IAU comet ephemerides http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/Ephemerides/Comets/Weekly Information about Bright Comets http://www.aerith.net/comet/weekly/current.html
Comets http://www.cometography.comMeteors http://meteorshowersonline.com
International Meteor Organisation http://www.imo.net
Minor planets (asteroids)Lowell Observatory http://asteroid.lowell.edu
Solar System Dynamics on-line Tools http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/?toolsNear Earth Object Confirmation page http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/NEO/ToConfirm.html
IAU Minor Planet Centre http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/mpc.html
timing occultations and other dynamical eventsIOTA Europe http://www.iota-es.de
IOTA USA and rest of world http://www.occultations.orgGeneral information http://www.lunar-occultations.com/iota/iotandx.htmEuropean asteroid occultation resource and results http://www.euraster.net
BAA Handbook 2012 Internet Resources and Greek Alphabet 111
internet resoUrCesvariable star information
AAVSO http://www.aavso.orgBAA Variable Star Section http://www.britastro.org/vss/
General Catalogue of Variable Stars http://www.sai.msu.su/gcvs/cgi-bin/search.htm
recent supernovaehttp://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/lists/RecentSupernovae.html
Artificial satellite visibilityHeavens Above http://www.heavens-above.com
atmospheric phenomenahttp://www.atoptics.co.uk
Noctilucent cloud observers http://www.kersland.plus.com
equipment reviewsTodd Gross Home page http://www.weatherman.com
Excelsis http://www.excelsis.com/1.0/catalog.php?categoryid=6
astronomical and space news Astronomy Now http://www.astronomynow.com
Sky and Telescope http://www.skyandtelescope.comESO http://www.eso.org/public/outreach
Space.com http://www.space.comNASA http://science.nasa.gov
ESA http://www.esa.intScience Daily http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/space_time/astronomy/
dark skiesBAA Campaign for Dark Skies http://www.britastro.org/dark-skies
International Dark-Sky Association http://www.darksky.org
linkshttp://dir.yahoo.com/science/astronomy
astronomy Picture of the dayhttp://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod
greek alPHabet
α alpha β beta γ gamma δ delta ε epsilon ζ zeta η eta θ theta ι iota κ kappa λ lamda μ mu ν nu ξ xi ο omicron π pi ρ rho σ sigma τ tau υ upsilon φ phi χ chi ψ psi ω omega
112 Errata BAA Handbook 2012
errataHandbook 2011p.26-27. Moonrise and Moonset data incorrect for latitude S 35°p.88 Uranus Path in 2011 - Unfortunately the database from which the path was drawn was missing data from earlier than 24hr RA. An updated map in the new format can be found at:
http://britastro.org/computing/im/Uranus2011%28J2011%29.pngA more detailed path for Neptune and other minor planets can also be found at:
http://britastro.org/computing/handbooks_charts.html
The British Astronomical Association
The British Astronomical Association was founded in 1890 and now has about 3000 members. Its leading features are:
Membership –Open to all persons interested in astronomy.
Objects –(1) The organisation of observers, including those using small telescopes or binoculars, for mutual help. (2) The analysis and publication of observations.(3) The circulation of current astronomical information.(4) The encouragement of a popular interest in astronomy.
Methods –(1) The organisation of members in sections under experienced directors.(2) The publication of a Journal, Newsletters, a Handbook, Circulars and Bulletins.(3) The holding of meetings.(4) The maintenance of a collection of astronomical instruments for loan to members.(5) The affiliation of schools and societies.
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Full details of the current programme are available from the office and the website.
PUbliCationsThe principal publications are the Journal and the Handbook. In addition, e-mailed bulletins, paper circulars and section newsletters are available to members.The Journal is published six times a year. It contains reports of meetings, reports of the sections, papers, reviews, letters, images and notes on current astronomical news. Occasional longer Memoirs containing detailed section reports.The Handbook, prepared by the Computing Section, is published annually.The e-bulletins/circulars give early information on new and predicted events such as planetary phenomena and the discovery of novae and comets.
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the baa on the internet
BAA Home Page
http://britastro.org
This website contains information about theBAA and how to become a member; it gives details
about the meetings, publications and merchandise for sale.There is a “members only” area, plus links to pages
maintained by the Observing Sections.You can find news items, data on new comets,asteroid occultations and other topical events,
plus photo galleries and links to many other sourcesof astronomical information.
BAA Computing Sectionhttp://britastro.org/computing
This website complements the Handbook by providing extra material for which there is not room in the Handbook. This includes
charts for many minor planets, calculational forms, graphical applications such as what is observable at any time
and positions of satellites of major planets. Constant data that do not need to be printed every year in the
Handbook are also listed as well as book lists and links to other web sites
BAA Journalhttp://britastro.org/journal
