The Handbook of Judo Gene Lebell

LEBELL&COUGHRANTHE HANDBOOK OF

LIUWITH MORE THAN 380 PHOTOGRAPHS

ABOUT THE BOOK

Thisbookisasvaluableforthefinalistasforthebeginner.It isasummaryofthefavoriteholdsandthrowsof a nationalchampion,organizedbytopicintoapracticaljudotext.Writtenbya nationalAAUjUdochampion,GeneLeBell,andbythechairmanof judofortheSouthernPacificAssociationof theAAU,L C.Coughran,it presentsineasy-to-followtext,illustratedwithmorethan380photo-graphs,thosetechniqueswhichthesewinnershavefoundtoworkbestinactualcompetition.It includesthemanyvariationsandspecialholdswhichGeneLeBellhaslearnedalongthetournamenttrail.Stepbystep,theauthorsunraveltheintricaciesofjudo.Theyexplainandillustratefalls,throwingtechniques,escapesfromholddowns,howto forcetheopponentonhisback,chokes,stranglingholds,armlocks,andlockingthelegs.Theyalsodiscussthedevelopmentofa personalstyle,highlightthefourwaystowinandmakesuggestionsregardingjudoschools.Thepopularityofsportjudoisgrowingrapidly.It isasportwithrulesoffairplay,a prescribedcostume,andfrequentcontestsandtournaments.EachandeveryoneoftheseelementsisfullycoveredbyGeneLeBellandL.C.Coughraninabookwritten"onthemat"- notto reflectJapaneseculturenorAmericanaweof anorientalart,buttopresentmethodswhichleadtowinningcompetitivejudoandtoadequateselfdefense.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

BothGeneLeBellandL.C.Coughranareholdersofthecoveted"BlackBelt"(judo'shighestaward)andbotharewellknownin thefieldas expertinstructors.L. C.CoughranopenedhisfirstjudoschoolinSouthernCaliforniaand,today,GeneLeBelloperateshisownjudoschoolin Hollywood."In fact,"saysGeneLeBell,"muchofthisbookwaswrittenintotournamentrecords,ongymnasiumblackboards,andinstudents'notebooksovermorethana dozenyearsof activecompetitionandpractice.Everysingletechniquehasbeen'fieldtested'personallyandprovensuccessful."BothmenarenativesofCaliforniaandbothliveandworkintheHollywoodarea.

CoverdesignbyPaulBacon Studio

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LEBELL & COUGHRANTHE HANDBOOK OF

LIUAnillustratedstep-by-stepguideto

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IF THEHANDBOOKOF

JUDO-0

An IllustratedStep-by-StepGuidetoWinningSportJudo

byGene leBell

and

L. C. Coughran

CORNERSTONE LIBRARY . NEW YORK

~.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTSAll rightsreservedunder Internationaland Pan-AmericanConventions.

Reprinted 1966

We learnedsoonafterconceivingthe ideafor this book thatgivingliterarybirth is a long andpainfulprocess,requiringthetalentsand energiesof manydevotedpeople.This book is theendresultof morethanour effortsalone.WernerVenetzwasonthe receivingend of just abouteverytechniqueillustrated,FujiNazawaadvisedus in thepreparationof theGlossary,andMissAllen spentmanyhoursin typingandretypingpagesof manu-script.Thesearebutthreeof thegenerousfriendswhohavespentendlesshourshelpingus, and it is to themandthemanyotherswhohaveassistedus,thatwededicatethisbook.

Copyright@ 1962byThomasNelson&Sons

THE AUTHORS

This new CornerstoneLibrary edition is published by arrangementwith

Thomas Nelson & Sons, and is a completeand unabridgedreprint of theoriginalhardcoveredition.

CORNERSTONE LIBRARY PUBLICATIONSAreDistributedBy

A DivisionofPocketBooks,Inc.630FifthAvenue,NewYork,N.Y. 10020

ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaunderthesupervisionof

RollsOffsetPrintingCo.,Inc.,N.Y.

"e\~1

,

WernerVenetz Gene Le Bell

FOREWORD ContentsTHIS is a book aboutsportjudo, whichis practiced,muchasboxing,wrestling,andfencingare,in a gymnasium(or dojo,asitis known).Judo is justwhatthenameimplies,a sportwithrulesof fairplay,a prescribedcostume,andfrequentcontestsandtour-naments.For severalyearsnow it has beensanctionedby theAAU in thiscountryandby similaramateursportsorganizationsthroughouttheworld.

Sportjudo is taughtandpracticedwiththeprimarygoalof de-velopingproficiencyin organizedcompetition.All thetechniquesdiscussedin this book followthis basicpattern.However,as inthe other"combative"sports,suchas boxing,the methodsarereadilyadaptableto self-defense.

Almostall sportjudopracticedin theworldtodayis conductedundermethods,theories,nomenclatureandtechniquesadoptedbyDr. JigoroKano,whofoundedtheKodokanSchoolin Tokyolatein thenineteenthcentury.For thisreason,sportjudois oftencalledKodokanjudo. Dr. Kano was to jujitsu what the Marquis ofQueensburywasto fist-fighting.

Jujitsuis anolderformof Japaneseself-defense.It is stillprac-ticedthroughouttheworld,andmuchof sportjudo'stechniquesaredrawnfromit. Therewere,andstill are,manyothersystemstaughtandpracticed.AmongtheseareTai-jitsu,Yawara,Aikido,TaidoandKarate,butfewcanbeconsideredtruesport;theyaremoreaccuratelydescribedas systemsof unarmedcombat.

It is notourdesiretodiscusstherelativemeritsof thesevarioussystems,but merelyto drawa distinctionbetweensportjudo andthe manyothersystemswhichstressself-defenseas their goal.Self-defenseis not, specifically,a subjectof this book, althoughmuchof thismaterialis readilyadaptablefor thispurpose.

Webelievethatbothformsof theart,sportjudoandself-defense,shouldbestudiedby theseriousstudent.But self-defenseis prop-erly a separatesubject,and spacelimitationspreventits beingincludedin thisbook.

6

Acknowledgment.r

Foreword

1 FOUR WAYS TO WINOn Choosinga Judo SchoolOn Choosinga Stylefor YourselfWaysto Win

NagewazaOsaekomiShimewazaGyakuwaza

Time OutGrapplingDeadlockIllegalHoldsStallingRankingsin Judo

2 THE FIRST FALLSUkemiBreak-FallTheoryTwo-Hand Slapfrom a SittingPositionTumblingForward from a KneelingPositionNo-Hand FallJumpingHorseFaceFallHandstandinto SideFallNo-Touch Two-Arm SlapJump-BackOff-BalancePrinciplesThe PivotsForward PivotReversePivotSkip PivotMoving-WheelTheory

5

6

1516171819191920202020.2121

2323232626272828292931313333343637

7

8 CONTENTSCONTENTS 9

3 THROWING TECHNIQUES 40 4 TURNING THE TABLES83

Ashi Waza BlocktoUchiMata83

(Leg Throws)BlocktoIpponSeoiNage 84

OsotoGari 40BlocktoHaraiGoshi 84

YamaArashi 42UtsuriGoshi 84

OkuriAshiBarai 43Ura Nage 86

De AshiBarai 45UchiMa.ta 86

HaraiTsurikomiAshi 46DeAshiBarai,Counter 88

UshiroAshiBarai 47Ko SotoGari 89

Hiza-Guruma 49LegLift 89

OuchiGari 49GrapevineandChoke 89

Ko SotoGari 51HeelSweep 91

Ko UchiGari 52ThighLift 92

Variation 53BlocktoTomoeNage 93

UchiMata 54StocksasCountertoKataGumma 93

Variation 55 5 WINNING ON THE MAT 95

Tewaza 58 (Grappling Techniques)

(Hand Throws)Mat-VVorkDefense 96

Tai Otoshi 58CounteringLeg Defense 96

SeoiNage 60Single-LegGrab 96

Variation 62Double-LegGrab 96

Ippon SeoiNage 63Mat VVorkAdvantageor Disadvantage 97

Kata Gumma 65The TriangleTheory 98

Koshiwaza 66TheOutriggerTheory 99

KuzureKamiShihoGatame 99

(Hip Throws) I ModifiedUpperFour-CornerHoldandSmother99

Ogoshi 66KesaGatame 99

KubiNage 68 6 OSAEKOMIWAZA-Hold on There!Eri TsurikomiGoshi 69

103

SodeTsurikomiGoshi 70 Hold Down Techniques103

Hane Goshi 72Kesa Gatame 103

Harai Goshi 74Kata Gatame 103

Sutemiwaza 75Kuzure Kami ShihoGatame 104Kami ShihoGatame 105

(Sacrifice Throws) Kuzure Y oko ShihoGatame105

Obi-Nage 75ModifiedFour-CornerHold 105

TomoeNage 77 ModifiedUpper Four-CornerHold105

SumiGaeshi 78 Kuzure Tate ShihoGatame106

Kaniwaza 80 Modified Upper Four-CornerHold and Smother107

SotoMakikomi 81 Ushiro Kesa Gatame107

10 CONTENTS CONTENTS 11

Body Rides 107 Chin Twist108 131Knee Ride Belt andNeck Over 133DoubleBar Arm 108

Pin Defense 108Side-GrapevineRoll 134Leg andArm Lift 134

DOWN BUT NOT OUT 1101

ScissorsandArmHook 1357 ShortRib Rest 137

EscapesfromHoldDownTechniques ShinonCalf 137KesaGatame 110KataGatame 111KuzureKamiShihoGatame 111

I

10 's' AS IN STRANGLE-Shimewaza 139KuzureYokoShihoGatame 112 PalmsUp 139

SchoolboyPin I] 5 PalmUp, PalmDown 140

EscapeUsingSwitch 115 FrontCrossover,PushandPull 140Half-BearClaw 141

8 WING LOCKS 117

J

RearDouble-LapelTourniquet 141

NearSide 117 RearSingle-LapelTourniquet 141

Far Front 118 RearOne-SideNakedChoke 141

NearShoulder ]18 Rear-NakedChoke 142

NearFront 118 Double-BearClaw 142WindingChoke 142

9 GETTING THE UPPER HAND-HandandElbow,HookedArms 143Knee,ForearmandElbow 143

Grapevines 120 DoubleKnee andWinding 144Grapevines 120 Knee andWinding 144Single-RearGrapevine 120 Double Knuckle Roll 144Double-RearGrapevine ]21 WindingandUlna Press 144Single-FrontGrapevine 121 Collar WindingandRoll on Back 145Double-FrontGrapevine 121 Countersto Shimewaza 146Front-GrapevineRoll 122 Lapel Pull 146OutsideLeg Push 123 Hand On Face 146StocksandChancery 124 Feet In Neck andHip 147Pipe Wrench 124 HandsPull andHug 147Quarter-Nelson 126

Near Half-Nelsonwith Arm Drag 127 11 GY AKUW AZA- The Arms Have ItThree-QuarterNelson 127 149Full-NelsonintoPin 127 DraggingArmLock 149NearHalf-NelsonwithArmBar 128 Straight-ArmCrush 150NeckandArm Lever 129 Variation 151Far-ArmDrag 130 Straight-ArmHug

,151

Far-Leg Drag 131 Variation 151

Far-Arm andLeg Drag 131 Reverse-ArmBar ]52Reverse-ArmBar With Figure-4Scissors 152

12

Reverse-ArmLock andCrotchDragStepoverArm DragArm HugSurfboardFacing-StraightArm LockDouble Straight-ArmBarDouble-ArmHugSingle-ArmHugDouble-ArmHug andLeg HoldSingle-ArmSqueezeDouble-ArmSqueezeLeg, Neck andArm LeverStraight-ArmCrushShort-Arm ScissorWrist Lock andHold DownForearmHammerLockFigure-4HammerLockUpwardArm CrankReverseTime HoldTime HoldDownwardArm CrankElbow Lift andShoulderLockFront Elbow CrankReverseElbow Crank

12 'NECKING' NOT ALLOWED-NoncompetitiveNeckLocks

Neck Crank andSit OutReverseStocksandSit OutForwardNeck Crank

VariationReverseFigure-4Neck LockRear FaceandNeck LockForward Figure-4Neck LockFront FaceLockFront Neck Crank

IllegalPressureHoldsChin LiftArm-Head PushSpineStretchAbdominalStretch

CONTENTS

153153153154155155156156156157158158159159160160161161161162163163164164

CONTENTS 13

13 LOCKING THE LEGSKnee LockHalf-CrabBostonCrabStep-OverKnee LeverOverScissors

ReverseDoubleFront GrapevineLockDoubleFront GrapevineLock

Glo.l".WIryIndex

174174175175175176177177178183

166166168168169169170170171171172172172173173

-- --

IF CHAPTERFOURWAYS TOWIN

MOST of thetechniquesof sportjudocanbepracticedby all agegroupsandbothsexes.Not everyone,however,hastheabilityordesireto becomeanoutstandingathlete,andfor thisreason,manystudentsdo notenterthecontestsandtournamentswhichareanessentialpart of sport judo to the studentwho wishesto winrecognitionandadvancementin theformof trophiesandhigherbeltrankssuchasthecovetedblackbelt,thesymbolof thejudoauthority.

A studentcanbecomeexpertin sportjudoonlybyenteringintoseriouscompetitionregularly.He mustbe in goodphysicalcondi-tion,an athletewillingto trainrigorously.Many studentscannot,or do not desireto, meettheserequirements.This doesn'tmeanthattheycannotspecializein thestudyof self-defense,learningtherudimentsof mostof thesportjudomethodsastheyapplyto suchproblemsasprotectionagainstboxingor wrestling,thedisarmingof anassailant,or theseizureandsearchor transportinga prison-er by policeofficers.

Judo in anyof its formsis fun. It canbe a rewarding,invig-oratingexperiencefor youngandoldandfor bothsexes.Thestudyof self-defenseis anexcitingandchallengingexercisefor mindandbody. For the businessmanwho hasn'texercisedregularlyforyears,for theyoungwomanwhowantstobeabletoprotectherselfin anemergency,for thephysicallyweak,thesmallor thehandi-

15

1

fro

16 THE HANDBOOK OF JUDO FOUR WAYS TO WIN 17

capped,or for thepeaceofficerwhosedutiesmayexposehim todangerof assaultby prisonersor suspects,self-defenseinstructionby a competentjudocoachfills a definiteneed.

Unfortunately,fewschoolsin theUnitedStatesofferinstructionin bothsportjudoandself-defense.I believethatbothshouldbetaughtandpracticedin everyjudo schoolworthyof the name,becausesucha schoolis servingmorepeopleanddoinga betterjob for itsmembers.Judo hasa greatpotentialin thiscountry,butit will berealizedonlythroughan ever-expandingmembershipofstudentsin its gymsandschools.Restrictingits benefitsto rela-tively few outstandingathletesand old mastersonly tendstostrangleitsgrowth.

On Choosinga Judo School

are donetogetherby the group,and then,at a signal,the mobscenestarts.

Manyyearsof practiceareneededto learnmuchin theschoolthatstressesrandoriandneglectsformalinstruction.Frequently,thisschooldevelopsoutstandingindividualcompetitors,but a be-ginnerseldomgetsa goodfoundationin thesportwithina reason-ableperiodof time.Moreover,thebeatingshe mustundergoinordertobecomeanaccomplishedcompetitorfrequentlydiscouragehim,sohe maydiscontinue,anotherpotentiallyvaluablememberlostto thesport.

The averageAmericanis accustomedto havingany subjectpresentedto him firstin theory,thenwith the specificstepsout-lined in detail.Only thendoesthe instructorhavehim put theinstructionto actualtestin thefield,thelab,or thearena.

Themoralis clear;amancanhavethebestboxingcoachin theworldteachhimhowto puncha bag,howto jab,weaveandexe-cutetheproperfootwork,but he will neverbecomeproficientinthesportuntilhehasspentmanyhoursin theringactuallyboxingandsparring.Conversely,a noviceboxercannotbecomeadeptatthesportmerelyby sluggingit outhourafterhour,withoutcompe-tentinstructiontogowithhisringactivity.To becomeacompetentjudoist,a studentneedsbothinstructionandpractice;for withoutinstructionhewill practicehisownmistakesoverandoveragain;withoutadequatepractice,his body won'tbe readyto executemuchof whathismindhasabsorbed.Remember,whensearchingfor therightjudoschool,look for onethatregularlyprovidesitsstudentswitha properlybalanceddietof instructionandpractice.A goodruleof thumb,I believe,is to dividetheeveningevenlybetweenthetwo.

Boththeoryandpracticeareneededbythestudentof anysport.Few judoschoolssucceedin theireffortsto balancethesetwoele-mentsproperly.In someschoolsthereis muchformalinstruction,lecturingand demonstrationby the instructorandhis assistants.Studentsare taughtan endlessvarietyof newtechniquesbeforetheyhavemasteredwhathasalreadybeentaught.It is onethingto understandthetheoryandprinciples,eventhenecessarypro-cedureof a technique,andanentirelydifferentthingto beabletoexecutethetechniqueagainstanunwillingantagonist.The body'smusclesandreflexesmustbe giventimeto.adaptthemselvestowhatthe mind alreadyunderstands.In sport judo, this neededpracticeis calledrandori,or "freeexercise,"and is actuallyin-formal,friendlycompetitionamongstudentswiththeaimbeingtoimproveeachother'stechniquesratherthanto wintheupperhandoverthepartner.

Randoriis to sportjudowhatsparringis to boxing.Whilesomeschoolsstressformal instructionat the expenseof freeexercise,theoppositeis truein manyothers.In thislattersortof school,anold masterservesasa sortof figurehead,whileswarmsof young-sterscoverthematnightly,eagerto spendtheeveningin rough-and-tumblegrappling.Here, verylittleformalinstructionis pre-sented.Theclassis calledto order,roll is called,a fewcalisthenics

OnChoosinga StyleforYourself

Thereis no one"correct"wayto executeeachjudo technique.This is particularlytrueof thethrows.The movementsshouldbeadaptedto yourownphysique,temperament,and strategy.Untilyouhavemanymonthsor evenyearsof experience,however,it iswiseto imitate,as bestyou can,the techniquesas doneby the

18 THE HANDBOOK OF JUDO FOUR WAYS TO WIN 19

expertwhosephysiquemostnearlyapproximatesyourown.Later,youmayexperimentwithotherwaysof executingthemaneuvers.If you findthata particularthrowworksbestfor you in an un-orthodoxmanner,thenby all meanspracticeit thatway,for it hasbecomethe"proper"wayfor you to do it. Many techniquesde-scribedin thisbookareunorthodoxvariationsof standardholdsandthrows.As youcontinueto learnandexperimentandimpro-vise,youwillbedevelopingyourownstyle.Rememberthatif everyjudoistweretoexecuteeverymovein anidenticalfashion,a lot ofthefascinationof thesportwouldbegone.The sportwouldceaseto improve,andit woulddegenerateintoa seriesof stylizedexer-cises.

NAGEW AZA

If eithercontestantis thrownfromhisstandingpositionso thathestrikesthematonhisbackwithappreciableforce,thethroweris awardeda full point (ippon), providingthe throwis madeingoodform(photo1). If athrowismadewhicJ1therefereedoesn'tconsidersufficientto win thecontest,but meritscredit,he mayawardone-halfa point (wazari).A matchis won eitherby anipponor twowazaris.

Waysto Win

I~"

While in amateurwrestlingthereis only one way to win amatch,namelyto pin a man'sshouldersto themat,judomatchesarewonin fourways:(1) a properlyexecuted,highthrow,callednagewaza,droppingtheopponentontohis back or side (2) animmobilizationhold calledan osaekomiin whicha manis heldundercontrolon his backor sidefor a periodof thirtyseconds(3) a chokecalledshimewaza,directedagainstthebloodvesselsof theneckcausingtheopponentto loseconsciousnessor to sub-mit (4) a joint lock,calledgyakuwaza,directedagainsttheelbowcausingtheopponentto submitto avoida fracturedarm.

The veryfactthattherearethesefour waysto win helpmakejudonotonlya fascinatingparticipantsportbut anexcitingspec-tatorsportaswell.

Judo differsfromamateurwrestlingin manyotherways.Everyholdandtechniqueavailableto theamateurwrestleris availableto thejudoist,but thewrestleris limitedto holdswhichcannotinjureor do notpunishan opponent.Thereis.no suchlimitationplaceduponthejudoist.The liberalrulesof judoopenup entirelynewvistasto thestudent.In additionto thewrestlingholdsavail-ableagainstan opponentstrippedto the waist,a judoistavailshimselfof hisopponent'sclothing,principallyhis jacketandbelt,to provideleveragefor scoresof othertechniquesuniqueto hissport.

2

OSAEKOMI

If a contestantis heldon his backon thematundercompletecontrolfor thirtyseconds,a pointshallbe scoredandthematchwon.The techniqueof holdingmaybechangedduringthethirtyseconds,providingthecontrolis retained.If an osaekomiis heldtwenty-fiveseconds,butnot thirtyseconds,it shallcountone-halfpoint (photo2).

SHIMEW AZA

If a contestantis chokedinto unconsciousnessor resignsthematchto avoidthechoke,a full pointis securedandthematchiswon (photo3).

FOUR WAYS TO WIN 21

20 THE HANDBOOK OF JUDO The followingholdsareillegal:scissorholdsonthehead,throator bodyfor punishment;liftinganddashinga recliningopponentontohisback;placinghandsor feeton theface;twistingfingers;hookingthefootin theopponent'scostumeor belt;tacklingexcept.as a counterto an attemptedtrip; full nelson;toeholds;hammerlock; lockingotherthantheelbowjoint; draggingtheopponentinto groundjudo withoutattemptinga definitetechnique;fallingon one'sbackwhenan opponentis clingingthere;insertingthefingersattheendsof theopponent'ssleeveor trouserleg;bindingan opponent'sbodywiththebeltor jacKet;anyholdwhichmayinjuretheopponent'svertebrae.

GYAKUWAZA

The matchis won if a contestantacknowledgesdefeatwhenforce is exertedso as to endangerthe elbow joint (photo 4).

Stalling

3 4Stallingis illegal.After two warnings,therefereeshallaward

thematchto theoffendedcontestant,asa full-pointwin.

TimeOut

A boutmaybestoppedtemporarilyat thediscretionof theref-ereewhenthecontestantsgo off themat,whena costumeneedsadjustment,or if he wishesto warnthe contestantsof rules in-fractionsor to inspectan injury.If an osaekomihasbeencalledandthecontestantsgo off themat,therefereemaydragthetwocontestantsto thecenterof thematin theirsameposition.

Rankingsin Judo

Unfairholdsshall,if possible,bebrokenwithoutdiscontinuingthebout,withtheoffendingcontestantbeingwarned.If theil-legalholdisrepeated,thematchmaybeawardedtotheopponent.

Beginnersin the sportwearwhitebelts.After provingtheirabilityin contestsagainstotherwearersof thewhitebelt,andaftermasteringfundamentals,studentsareawardeda brownbelt.Thisusuallytakesaboutsixmonthsto a year.Therearethreedegreesof brownbeltto be earnedin tournamentsby defeatingcontest-antsof otherschoolsof equalrank,consistently.

After threemore yearsof regularpracticeand a successfulrecord in many tournaments,plus a demonstratedtheoreticalknowledgeof themyriadof techniquesin judo, a contestantmaybe allowedto entera specialpromotionaltournament.If he de-featsseveralopponentsin succession,all of equalrank andex-perience,he is awardedthecovetedblackbelt,thesymbolof thejudoauthority.Therearetendegreesof blackbeltfromthelow-est, shodan(first-degreeblack belt) on throughjudan (tenth-degreeblackbelt).

GrapplingDeadlock

If effortstowardsecuringanyadvantagewhilekneelingor re-cumbentbecomedeadlocked,therefereemayorderthecontestantstotheirfeet.

Illegal Holds

- - ---

22 THE HANDBOOK OF JUDO

GokyuYonkyuSankyuNikyuIkkyuShodanNidanSandanYondanGodanRokudanShichidanHachidanKyudanJudan

5th Class4th Class3rd Class2ndClass1st ClassIst Grade2ndGrade3rd Grade4th Grade5th Grade6th Grade7th Grade8th Grade9th Grade

10thGrade

}

}

WhiteBelt

Brown Belt

BlackBelt

ICHAPTER 2

THEFIRSTFALLS

WHEN a studentenrollsin a judo school,he first learnsto fallsafely.He is taughta systerr.of specialtumblingtricks,calledukemi,notcommonto anyothersport.He mustmasterthesebe-fore he maycompetebecausewithouta thoroughknowledgeofthesetumblingmethodshe wouldquicklybe injuredby thevio-lent throwspracticedin the sport.Next, the instructorusuallydemonstratesthe morecommonthrowsand holdsusedin thesportandwatchesthestudentpracticethemoveswitha partnerwho co-operates.Then the new studentis matchedagainsttheotherbeginners,andhe is launchedon hisjudocareer.

Ukem;

Many studentsfind thesefallingtechniquesthe mostdifficultpartof judo.You maydo fallingexercisesalongwith,or in placeof, calisthenicsfor warmingupbeforejudopractice.

Break-FallTheory

Everyoneof us is bornwitha fearof falling.This fearmakesthebeginnertenseand awkwardwhenfirst learningto fall. He

23

24THE HANDBOOK OF JUDO

shouldrememberfiveb~sicprinciplesatall times.Theseprinciplesapplyto everyfall hewill takein his judocareer.

1. Relax.Tensemuscletransmitsshockto thespinalcolumnandthis makesthefall painful.Relaxedmuscleabsorbstheshock.If abeginnerisfallinginproperpositionandyetis experiencingheadachesor backaches,it is usuallybe-causeheis fallingstifflywithhismusclestense.

2. Don't reachfor themat.This is themostcommoncauseof injurywhenfalling.By reachingfor thematwhenfall-ing to your rear,yourhandsupportsthefull weightandforceof your fallingbody.This will frequentlyresultininjuryto thewrist,elbowor shoulderjoints.

3. Avoid touchingthematwiththespine,skullandall bonysurfaces.

4. Spreadtheshockevenlyoverfleshymuscularsurfacesofthebody.

5. Slap.

A judopracticesessionor classusuallylastsanhouror two.Inthatperiodof timethejudostudentwill fall or bethrownscoresoftimes.In orderto fall painlesslyandcomfortably,thenewjudoistmustlearnto slapthematviolentlywitha limp armjusta splitsecondbeforehisupperbodymakescontactwiththemat.

If you aregoingto fall on yourleft side,you wouldslapwithyourleft arm.At thebeginningof yourfall yourleft armshouldbeextendedto your rightacrossyourbodymuchas thoughyouwereholdingabaseballbatandgettingreadytohit a right-handedhomerun.-- -- --

~~

L 65

-----

I l

26THE HANDBOOK OF JUDO

Takea closelookatphoto8, thenswitchfromyourleftsidetoyour rightside,slappingwith your righthand,puttingyour leftkneeupin theairandyourrightkneeflaton themat,havingyourlefthandacrossyourchestto protectyourribs, still havingyourchin on yourchest.

After youhaverolledfromsideto side,slappingwith alternatehandsmanytimes,advancetophoto5.

From a sittingposition,raiseyourleftarmforwardandacrossyourbody.As you fall, keepyourchin in andlook towardyourleft side.This will raiseyour left shoulderslightly.Slapthemathardasyou fall, keepingyourarmlimp andyour bodyrelaxed,lettingyourhandbounce.Your handhits thematslightlybeforeyourbodyso as to absorbmuchof theshock.Practicephotos5and 8 manytimesuntil your teachersaysyou arereadyto ad-vancetoahigherfall.Whenthisis accomplished,advancetophoto6. Raisingyourweighton your rightleg,straightenout yourleftlegandfall towardyourleft side,slapping(hematviolentlywithyourlefthand.Fall asin photo8. Whenyoucando thiswithoutjarringyourself,advanceto photo7.

Standupstraight.Sweepyourleftfootin frontofyouuntilit getssohighthatyouhaveto fall asin photo7.Hit thematasin photo8. This is themostcommonfall youtake.Learn it well on bothsides.

Two-HandSlap froma SiftingPosition

Put yourarmsin frontof youasin photo9. As youstartto rollbackward,placeyourchin on yourchest.As you fall, strikethematwithyourforearmsandhandsslightlybeforeyour shouldershit.This will eliminatemuchof theshock.

TumblingForwardfroma KneelingPosition

Placeyourbodyin thesamepositionasin photo11.Your rightkneeis bent.The fingersof yourrighthandarepointedbetweenyourlegs.Your rightelbowshouldbepointedin frontof you.Youmakea wheeloutof yourrighthand,shouldersandhips.Look atyourbelt.This will loweryourhead.Do not roll on yourhead.

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Stayoff jointssuchaselbowandshoulder.Roll acrossthesesonoonepartwill haveto supportyour entireweight.Kick off withyour rightfoot (as in photo 12). Duck your head,roll andfallasin photo8.,Whenyouhavemasteredthis,bothsides,advanceto thestandingroll in photos13 and 14.

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THE HANDBOOK OF JUDO28

Stepforwardwithyour rightfoot. Your righthandshouldbein frontof you startingthewheeldiscussedfor thepreviousfall.Keep your chin tuckedin and roll. Do not supportyour fullweighton yourhandwhenyou fall. Your righthandis nothingmorethana guide.Roll onyourrightarm,pastyourrightshoul-der,on to yourleft sideandslapthematviolentlywithyourlefthand.Landasin photo8. Notethewheelactionin photo14.Dothismanytimesbothsides.Thenadvanceto photos15and16.

No-HandFall

This is calleda no-handfall becauseyour rightor guidehanddoesnot touchthe mat.From a standingposition,swingyourrighthandbetweenyour legs.Springingoff stronglywith yourrightfoot,swingyourleftfootbackandup swiftly.Notethatyourleft armis cockedto slaphardwhenyou arehalfwayoveras inphoto16.Slapwithyourleftarmviolentlyjustbeforeyourupperbodyhits.Land asin photo8.

JumpingHorse

A judomaneventuallyshouldbe ableto jumphis ownheight.Geta littlerunningroom.If youslapwithyourlefthand,takeoffon yourrightfoot.On yourwayover,roll, slap,crossyour legsand after landing,roll up into a standingposition.Note: Thepalmsof yourhandstouchthematfirst.Make yourbodylike alargehoopsonoonepartwill supportyourfull weightatanytime.Eventuallytry to seehow highandhow far you can jump.Seephotos17and18.

17 18

THE FIRSTFAllS

Face Fall

29

Restingyourweighton yourknees,straightenout,fallingfor-ward.Slapwithyourforearms.Tilt yourheadback.The run-and-jumpfacefall asin photo20 is interestingto try.Run andjump,archingyourback,raisingyourarmsin front of you at a slightangle.Whenyou hit the mat,your armsshouldstrikeslightlybeforeyourbodystrikes.Try to landflat.If youhit toohighonyourchest,roIlingforward,youmayinjureyour spine.

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Kick off into a handstandas in photo21. As you startto goOver,turnyourbodyso thatyoutakea sidefall as in photo22.Do thison bothsides.

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It is importantto note that it makesno differencewhich direc-tion the man is facing or his toes are pointing. The base line de-pendsupon the relativeposition of the two ankles, independentofdirection. Figure B (page 31) illustratesthis principle. Photo 33illustratesthe off-balanceprinciple presentedin figureB. Althoughthe toesare pointing "due south," the weakestpoints are diagonalto the direction his toes are pointing, which is actually a ninety-degreeanglefrom thebaseline.This principleof off balanceisapplicableonly when a man'sweightis evenlydistributedon bothfeet,usuallywhenhe is standingstill.

When, however,he is shiftinghis weightfrom sideto side, as inwalking,a differentprinciplecalled "point balance"or off-balance-in-motion goesinto play. Whenamanhashisweightbalanceddi-rectlyover one foot, a pushor pull directlyawayfrom the oppositefoot will be the effort he will find most difficult to resist.Remem-

ber that the push or pull is madedirectly away from the foot notbearingthe weight.Rememberalso this direction is not dependentupon the directionhis toesare pointing or the directionhis upperbody is facing.As in figuresA and B, the baseline is drawn inde-pendentlyof thetoesor theupperbody.Two of these"point bal-ances"or off-balance-in-motionpositionsareillustratedin photos31 and 32.

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Naturally, if a man has his centerof gravity balancedover onefoot, he can be tilted in any direction as in photo 34. His balanceis most completely disturbed,however, when you push directlyawayfrom thenonsupportingfoot becausehe will haveto movehisfree foot thegreatestpossibledistancebeforehe is able to put it tothe mat again and regain his balance.

ThePivots

Although the executionof everythrow in judo requires someshifting of a man's weight and balance, those throws known askoshinageor hip-style have a definite similarity of pivot. Thereare abouta dozen basickoshinageor hip-stylethrows which makeuseof almostidenticalpivoting techniques.The choice of pivot isprimarily up to the individual judoist. However, somethrows aremore readily adaptedto one particular type of pivot and a judoistmust learn through experiencewhich of the basic pivots is mostsuitableto his own style.

ForwardPivot

Faceyouropponentsquarelyatnormaldistanceandin anormalstance.Your feetareabouttwofeetapart.Assumingthisis to be


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a right-sidedpivot,pick up yourleft footandplaceit in frontofandaboutsixinchesawayfromthetoeofhisleftfootasin figure1.Now shiftyourweighttoyourleftfootwiththetoespointingtoyourleftandpickupyourrightfoot,swingit aroundthefrontofyourleftfootandputit downagain.Your backwill nowbetoyouropponent.Seefigure2. You will notethatfigure2 illustratesthespinningof thepivotalfoot,theleftfoot,sothatuponcompletionof thepivotbothof yourfeetwill bepointingdirectlyforward.Inthispivot,asin theothertwowhichwewill discuss,yourweightshouldbe shiftedheavilyontoyour left foot at theconclusionofthepivot.By havingyourweightwellcenteredon your left foot,youwill beableto useyourrightlegfreelyin attackingtheinsideor outsideofhisrightleg.You will notethatinphoto36thethrow-er'srightfoothasnotbeenplacedto thematbutratheris pressingon theoutsideof his opponent'srightleg.In orderto do thishehashadtokeephisweightcenteredoverhisleftfoot.For thecom-pletionof this throwhe will notplacehis foot backon thematuntilafterhisopponenthasbeenthrownoverthetop of thatex-tendedleg.

ReversePivot

Faceyouropponentsquarelyatnormaldistancewithyourfeetabouttwofeetapart.Pick up yourrightfootandplaceit on the

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mat in frontof and aboutsix inchesway from his right foot. Pickyour left leg up and swing it around behind your right foot andplace it on the mat shiftingyour weightto your left leg as soon asit touchesthe mat.Your back will be to your opponent.You willnotethatin figure4 yourrightfoot spinson theball of the foot

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to bringbothfeetarounduntiltheyarepointingdirectlytoyourfront.Photos~7and38correspondroughlyto figures3 and4.Youwill noteagainthethrower'sweightis well-balancedoverhis leftleguponcompletionof thepivot.

SkipPivot

This is a difficultpivotto describewithoutac;tualface-to-facedemonstration.Althoughtheotherpivots,theforwardpivotandthereversepivot,canbedescribedin a seriesof definitesteps,theskippivotwhenproperlyexecutedis a blurof motiondifficulttobreakdownby the numbers.However,its basicmotionis verysimilarto thereversepivot.

Faceyouropponentatnormaldistancesquarelywithyourfeetabouttwofeetapart.Pickupyourrightfootandverygingerlyplacethetoesof your rightfootdirectlybetweenyouropponent'slegsandslightlyin frontof his toes.Now, for the sakeof thepivot,pretendthatyouhavea verytenderareaon theball of thefoot,orpretendthatyouaresteppingona tack,andwhilelimpingon

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thatrightfoot,asin photo39,swingyourleftfootpasttherearofyourrightheelandshiftallof yourweightontoyourleftfootasin photo40.

Moving-WheelTheory

Everyjudothrowhassomesortof circularmotioneitherin thepivot,the leverageaction,or the off-balanceeffort.Figure5 il-lustratesonesuchmotionduringseo;nage,the shoulderthrow.Whenexecutingthisor anyotherthrow,it is essentialthatyourbodymovein smooth,fluidharmony.Straight,jerky actionwilldefeatyourpurpose.Figure6 showsthewrongwayto moveintopositionfor seoinage.The throwerhasbenthiskneesatpointBandturnedhisbacktohisopponent,buthashesitatedmomentarilytherebeforestraighteninghislegsto lift hismanoffhisfeet,whichshould have happenedwhen his shoulders approachedpoint C.Byhesitating,andbymovingin straightlines,hehasnotonlylostthemomentumof his pivot,buthis bodyhasn'tmaintainedtightcontactwith his opponent's.Consequently,his opponent'sfeethaven'tyet left thegroundin figure6, andtheattemptto throwwill fail. In otherwords,by movingin straightlines,jerkily,fromA toB to C, momentumandbodilycontacthasto beestablishedthreetimesinsteadof justonce,asis illustratedin figure5.

In figure5, thethrower'sshouldersactmuchlike therim of awheel,with thehub of thatwheelat his hips. The wheelspins

MOVING WHEEL THEORY

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.THE FIRSTFAllS 39

fromA to B ashepivots,andfromB to C andbackto A ashecompletesthethrow,in onecontinuous,circulareffort.TherewasnohesitationatpointA or B or C. The throwerdidn'tpicturethethrowin separatestages.He didn'tthinkof goingfromA to B togetdownlow andthenfromB to C to raisehis opponenton histoesandthenfromC to A againto finish.

In competition,thethroweris usuallycounteredatoneof these"corners"-A, B or C. If heroundsthese"corners"at full speed,heis muchlesslikelyto bestoppedshort,hiscontactwithhisop-ponentwill be maintained,andhis over-alleffortwill be muchmoreefficient.

A studentlearnseachnewthrowin threeseparatestages.First,theinstructoroutlinesit for him"by thenumbers,"showinghimwherehisfeetaretobepivoted,wherehishandsshouldbepulling,wherehis bodyis to beplacedin relationto his opponent's,andin whichdirectionheshouldpullandbendto completethethrow.Oncehe haslearnedthecrudemechanicsof thethrow,he mustthenlearnto moldthemanymovementsinto oneunited,flowingeffort,withhis entirebodyworkingin harmony.He doesthisinthe secondstage,which the Japanesecall uchikomi,similartoshadowboxingforaboxer.At almostfull speed,thestudentmovesin andoutof positionfor thethrowfiftyor a hundredtimeswith-outstopping-like repeatinga calisthenicexerciseoverandoveragain.In thisway,thestudentlearnsto "roundthecorners"asinfigure5, and to eliminateall hesitationor jerkiness.Finally, heputsthethrowto usein randori(freepractice)duringinformalcompetition,manytimes,beforeusingit in shiai,or tournament.

Practicethesethreestageswithanopponentandyouwill finditwill helpyouwithall of yourstandingthrows.

rF CHAPTER 3THROWINGTECHNIQUES

ASHI WAZA

(Leg Throws)

050toGari-Major OuterReapingThrow

ASSUME naturalpositionasin photo41.Stepforwardandto theleft with your left foot to a point aboutsix inchesoutsideandslightlyto thefrontof youropponent'srightfoot.Shiftall of yourweightto your left foot. Pull his right sleeveforwardand intoyourabdomenandpushup andtoyourleftwithyourrighthand,tiltinghim as in photo42. Swingyour right foot forwardandaroundbehindhis rightlegandwhipupwardandbackwardwithyourrightlegasin photos43 and44.Your swingingleg,therightleg,shouldnottouchthematuntilhehaslanded,asin photo45.The backof your thighshouldstriketheback of his thighandyourentirelegshouldswingbetweenhis legs.

Note; Your right arm shouldflex tightlyagainstyour rightshoulderfor maximumstrengthandleverage.Be sureyourbalanceis distributedwell forwardandyourbodyis hunchedforwardasyoustepinto thethrowingposition.The bestmomentto executethis throwis whenyour opponent'sweightis supportedon hisrightheel.40

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YamaArashi-Variationof OsotoGari

Whenexecutingthisthrow,youwill beataconsiderablygreaterdistancefromyouropponentthanyouwerewhenexecutingosotogari.Pull stronglyon his rightsleeveandstepto your left withyourleft footasin photo46.Bendwellforwardat thewaistandshift all of your weightto your left foot whichnow shouldbeabouteighteeninchesdiagonallyforwardandto therightof hisrightfoot.The calf andAchilles'tendonof your rightlegstrikestherearof his rightknee.Continuepullinghis rightsleevefor-wardandto yourleft andwhipbackwardandupwa{dwithyourrightlegagainsttherearof his rightknee.Meanwhileyour rightarm shiftsfrom its normalposition.Clenchingyour fist, pressyourulnaboneagainsthis rightshoulderandcontinuethepres-surewhileyourforearmslidesdownagainsthisbicepstowardhiselbowasin photos47 and48.

Note: This throwrequiresa strong,twisting,pulling,tiltingactionof yourarmsagainstyouropponent'srightarmandshoul-dertoputhimin averyweakoff-balancepositionbeforeyourlegexecutesthethrow.

Note:In thisthrow,asin osotogari,yourrightleg,theswingingleg,doesnottouchthematagainuntilyouropponentlandsonhisback.This throwis usefulagainstanopponentwhois stiff-armingyou andcirclingyoucounterclockwise.

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OkuriAshi 8arai-Double-FootSweeporPursuit-FootSweep

Assumenormalposition.Your opponentside-stepsrapidlytohisleft.Follow hisside-steppingandgetin stepwithhim.As heshiftshis weightto his left legandbeginsto slidehis right legtowardhisleft,asin photos50 and51,yourweightshouldbeonyourrightfoot.Lift yourleftleg,curlthetoesandrotatethefootinward,placingthesoleof thefootagainsttheoutsideof his rightfootjustbelowtheanklebone.Your sweepingfoot shouldslideacrossthematas it approacheshis rightfoot.The soleof your

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sweepingleftfootpushesagainsttheoutsideof his rightfootanddirectsit againsthis left ankleas in photo52. Meanwhileyourarmsareliftinghislapelandsleeveupwardin a rotating,counter-clockwiseaction.This actionof thearmsis firstdirectedto yourrightin orderto settlehisweightwellon to hisleftleg.Then'pullupwardto raisehisbodyon to his toesasthesweepingactioniscommencedas in photo52.

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Continuetheliftingactionwhilepullinghimtightlyagainstyourchest.Keepyourstomachwell forwardandyourheadup so thatyou do notbendforwardat all from thewaist.Arch yourbackand extendyour sweepingleg diagonallyforwardand past thefrontof yourrightleg.Whenyouropponent'slegsareleavingtheground,theleftsideof yourbodyfromleftankleto leftshouldershouldbein astraightlineasin photo52.

Note: The toesof your supportingrightfoot shouldpointdi-rectlytoyouropponent'sleft.In otherwords,yourrightfootpointsin thedirectionyouintendto sweephis feet,asin photo50. Tocompletethethrow,continueto pull upwardandto your left asyou sweepforwardandto your rightwith your left foot, as inphoto53. Your left leg shouldcontinueto sweepalmostuntilyouropponentlandson his back.

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De Ashi Barai-Lower-FootSweeporSingle-FootSweep

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This throwdependsentirelyuponsplit-secondtimingfor properexecution.Your opponentis advancingwithhis rightfoot.At theinstantbeforehis rightfootcompletesits step,immediatelybeforeit touchesthemat,curlthetoesof yourleftfootandflickthesoleof yourfootrapidlyagainsttheoutsideof hisrightfootbelowtheanklebone.Pushhis rightfoot to his left (your right) andpullhimforwardandto his right (your left) as in photo56. In thisthrow,as in okuri ashibarai,be surethatyou do not bendfor-wardfromthewaist.Arch yourbackandleanto yourleft rear,thedirectionin whichyouarepullingyouropponent.

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HaraiTsurikomiAshi-Lifting-AnkleSweep

Your opponentis retreatingandin doingso,stepsbackwithhisJeft footasin photo57.His weightis on his rightfoot.Stepfor-wardrapidlywithyourleftfootjustto theoutsideof his rightlegandshiftall of your weightontoyour left foot, extendingyourrightlegandcurlingthetoesof your rightfoot until the soleISagainsthis leftshin,as in photo58.

Now, as you lift with yourarmsagainsthis sleeveandlapel,shiftyourentirebody'sdirectionto the right,twistingyour op-ponenttoyourright.Continueto pushwithyourrightfootasyoupullhimupward,aroundanddownto yourright.Onceyouhavemadecontactagainsthis leftshinwithyourrightfootasin photo58,youshiftyourbodyin thedirectionyourarmsarepullingtotilt himto his left front.In orderto regainhisbalancehe wouldhaveto placehisleftfootbackon themat.But becauseyouhavepressureonhisleftshinwithyourrightfoot,heis unableto movethatlegandconsequently,fallstohis leftfrontor yourrightrear.Be suretopullhimtightlyagainstyourbodyasyoustepintoposi-tion in orderto obtainmaximumleverage.

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throwhis legsout to your right,shovingyour rightkneeagainstyouropponent'srightthigh,asin photo201,knockingouthisde-fense.Attackon his right,weaksidefor ground-workgrapplingtechniques.

MAT WORKADVANTAGEOR DISADVANTAGE

In wrestling,if yourestyourweightonyourback,pinningyourshoulders,youlosethematch.This is notso in judo.Thusa judoparticipantmay attackby restinghis weighton the mat,usingthe mat for a wall to push his opponentawaywith his feet,

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or aidingthe control of his opponent'sbody with his feet as inphoto 202. In photo 202 you (the bottom man) havea decisiveadvantageover your opponentbecauseyou have your feet at hiships, controlling his body. This makes it very difficult for youropponentto cometowardyou in an attemptto chokeor pin.

Photo 203- The bottomman is at a disadvantage.In this photo,as you can readily see,you (the bottom man) cannot push youropponentoff with your feet becausehe is over your feet. He canchokeyou easilyor do a smotherpin and you havelittle choiceinthe matter.Remember one thing: in mat work use your feet asmuch as possible in controlling your opponent'sbody. Your feetare much strongerthanyourarmsanda manwho usesjusthisarms is usinglessthan half of his body'spotential.

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The Triangle Theory

With youropponenton his back,imaginea triangledrawnonhis upperbody. His rightshoulderbeingoneangle,his left shoul-derbeingthesecondangleandthemiddleof his waist below thetie of the belt, the third angle. As your opponent tries to get upbyrollingtohisright,raisinghisleftshoulderoff theground,placeyour right forearm, elbow andthegreaterpartof your weightonhis left shoulderor secondangleasin photo204until your oppo-nent'sshouldertouchesthematagain.Do thesamethingif youropponentraiseshis right shoulderor first angle,only useyour leftarm and side.

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If your opponentbridgeshis back, raisinghishipsoff theground,placemost of your weighton his lower waist, or third angle,as inphoto 205, until hishipstouchthematagain.You canstraightenhis legseitherby grapevininghis legsor by pushingagainsthisheelswiththesolesof your feet.

TheOutriggerTheory

FIGURE 7-KUZURE KAMI SHIHO GATAME-MODIFIEDUPPERFOUR CORNER HOLD AND SMOTHER

Note your feet areclosetogether.Thereis no outriggereffect.You andyouropponentareliketwo boardsas figuredbelow.Thereis nothingstoppingyou from beingrolledoveronto yourback.

FIGURE 8-MODIFIED UPPERFOUR CORNER HOLDAND SMOTHER

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The sametechniqueexceptyourfeetarespreadfar apartform-inganoutrigger.Notethedifferencebetweentheboardin figure2andtheboardin figure1. With theoutrigger,as in figure2, theboardor thetwobodiesaremoredif!icultto roll.

FIGURE9-KESA GATAME-SCARFHOLD

Noteyourbodyformsa90-degreeangletothatofyouropponent,forminganoutrigger,makingit verydifficultfor youropponenttoroll.Referto thenextchapterfor thecorrectformonholdingthesetechniques.

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When your feet are together, you are in aweak position and easily rolled.

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rF CHAPTER 6OSAEKOMIWAZA-

HOLDON THERE!

Hold DownTechniquesKESA GATAME: SCARF HOLD

THROW youropponentsothathehasto slapthematwithhislefthand.You arestilI holdingon to his rightsleevewith your lefthand.Fall intoposition,sittingalongsideyouropponentwiththerightsideof your bodyrestingon his chest.Put your rightarmaroundhisneck.Placeyourrighthandonthematasin photo206,orgraspyourpantlegwithyourrighthand,orgrabyouropponent'scollarbehindhisneckwithyourrighthand.You mayputpressureonhisribsby pullinghisrightelbowcloseto theleftsideof yourchestwithyourlefthand,rollingyourleftshoulderbackward.

Note:Thecompleterightsideof yourrightlegis restingon thematbutonlythesoleandheelofyourleftfootaretouchingthemat.

KATAGATAME:SHOULDERHOLDAND CHOKE

You areon yourhandsandkneeswithyourlefthandpushingyour opponent'sright arm over his head.Slideyour right armaroundhis neck.Grabyourrighthandwithyourleft as you getintoa sittingposition.Slidethetopsideof yourrightwristagainstyouropponent'sneck,cuttingoff the bloodsupplyto his head.

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Pushyourheadagainsttheoutsideof his rightarmandhishead.Continueto pull your left elbowsnuginto yourbody.You willnowhavea hold-downaswellasachoke(photo207).

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KUZUREKAMI SHIHO GATAME: MODIFIED UPPERFOUR-CORNERHOLD AND SMOTHER

Withyouropponentonhisback(photo208), placeyourupperchestonhischest.Placeyourrightarmunderneathyouropponent'srightarmandplaceyourleftarmoverhisleftarm.Grabyourrightwristwithyourleft handbetweenyour opponent'sneckandthemat.Squeezetight.Spreadyourlegs.Raiseyourknees,andplacemostof yourweighton his chest.You mayfind it will be more

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OSAEKOMIWAZA-HOLD ON THEREI 105

difficultfor youropponenttoescapeif yourestpartof yourchestandstomachonhisface,cuttingmostof hiswindsupply.

KAMISHIHOGATAME:UPPERFOUR-CORNERHOLD

With youropponenton his back,placeyourchestagainsthis.Placebothyourarmsoverbothof his arms,graspinghis beltinyour hands.Your kneesmayeitherbe into his shouldersas inphoto209, or out in a tripodpositionas in photo208, or Oatagainstthematspreadapart.Pullyouropponent'sbelttowardyourwaistrollingyourshouldersandchestintohischest.

KUZUREYOKO SHIHOGATAME:MODIFIEDSIDEFOUR-CORNERHOLD

With yourcheston youropponent'sstomachandchest,placeyourrightarmunderneathhisrightleg,andyourleftarmbetweenyouropponent'srightarmandneckandaroundhisneck,graspingyour righthandwith your left. Bury your headdeepinto youropponent'sleftside.Placeyour rightkneesnugagainsthis rightside.Placeyourleftfootstraightoutfor stability(photo210).

MODIFIED FOUR-CORNER HOLD: OVERHEAD WITH

NEAR LEG

Your opponentis on his back.You aretryingfor a modifiedupperfour cornerhold (photo208) andyour opponentt&s toescapeyourattemptedmoveby rollingintoyou.By thistimeyouhaveyourrightarmunderhisneck.Quicklyhookhis left legatthekneeandgrabyourrighthandwithyourleft asin photo211.You will find thatany pin thathas your opponent'sneckbenteitherforwardor to thesidemakesit moredifficultfor him toescape.

MODIFIED UPPER FOUR-CORNER HOLD: OVERHEAD

WITH FAR LEG .

Thisholddownissimilartothelastoneexceptthatyougrabthefarleginsteadof thenearleg.If youropponentis on hisbackandhetriestogetawaybyrollingonhisleftside,withyourrightarmunderhis neck,quicklywrap your left armaroundhis rightlegandgrabyourrighthandwithyourleft.

Note: In photos211and212thepushingmotionwithyourfeetenablesmostof yourweightto restonyouropponent'schest.

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KUZURETATE SHIHO GATAME: MODIFIED UPPERFOUR-CORNERHOLD

Your opponentis on hisbackandyouareon topof him.Firsthookyourlegson theinsideof hislegsspreadinghis legsapartasinphoto213tomakeit moredifficultforhimtoroll.Quicklyscootforward.Your lefthandis holdingyouropponent'srightarmcloseto yourbody.The rightsideof yourheadis pressingagainstthemat.Your rightarm is aroundyour opponent'sneck.In otherwords,his headis betweenyourarm andrightside.Your righthandgrabseitheryouropponent'sjudosuitat thearmpitor yourownbelt.

OSAEKOMIWAZA-HOLD ON THEREI 107

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KUZURETATE SHIHO GATAME: MODIFIED UPPERFOUR-CORNERHOLD AND SMOTHER

Lyingon youropponent'sbody,grapevinehis legsto gaincon-trol of his lowerbody(photo214). Wrapyourarmsaroundthebackof his neckpushingyour opponent'sface into your chest,cuttingmostof hisair supply.If youropponentturnshis headtohis left,moveyourupperbodyto yourrightuntilhis rightearisrestingagainstyourleftshoulder.Then,pressingagainstthebackof his neck,.slideyourupperchestfrom your right to your leftside,forcingyouropponent'sheador faceto turnstraightforwardintothemiddleof yourchest,therebysmotheringhim.

USHIROKESAGATAME:BACKWARDSCARFHOLD'III I'" I

IIGet intoa sittingpositionfacingyouropponent'sbelt(photo215).Wraphisrightarmaroundyourwaistholdingit snugagainstyourbodywithyourrighthandas if youwerestartinga reversetimehold,but insteadof rearingbackas in a reversetimehold,placetheleftsideof yourbodyoveryouropponent'supperchestandneck.Placeyourleft armunderneathhis left arm abovetheelbow.Grabhisbeltwithyourlefthand,entanglinghis left fore-armin hisownbelt.

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KNEE RIDE

Althoughdangerousin competition,thisholddowncanbeusefulin practice(photo216). With yourhands,grabyouropponent'slapelsathis armpits;placeyourrightkneein themiddleof youropponent'schest.Pull upwa.rdwithyourarms,raisingyouroppo-nent'supperbody;pressdownwardintohischest,pressinghis ribsslightlyin order to shortenhis breathingor collapsehis lungs.Keepyourbalancewithyourleftfoot.The rightkneeshouldnotonlypressintohischestbutshouldbefreetomovealonghisbody,preventinghim from movinganypart of his body. Your handscontrolandpreventhisbodyfromtwistingor turning.

DOUBLE BAR ARM

With youropponenton his back,placeyour left foot overhisleft arm abovethe elbow.Scissoryour left leg with your right.Wrapbothyourarmsaroundyouropponent'srightarmabovetheelbow.Hold on tight.This is notcountedas a legalosaekomiorpin,butit isverydifficultfor youropponenttogetup (photo217).-

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PIN DEFENSE

This is not anOsaekomi.If youareon thematandfindyouropponentis superiorto youon groundwork andhe is attemptingtopin you,grabhim aroundonekneewithyourarms.Duckyourheadandsqueezehis legat theknee.With your legs,drivefor-

OSAEKOMIW AZA-HOLD ON THERE! 109

wardpressingyourleft shoulderintoyouropponent'sthighsandwaist.From thispositionit is verydifficultfor him to geta pin,chokeor lock (photo218). I

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ESCAPEFROMKESAGATAME:SCARFHOLD

IF youropponenthasyouin KesaGatame(photo219HoldDownTechniques)andyou haveyourarmsaroundhis waist,grabhisbelt.Pushhisbeltawayfromyourbodyto yourupperright.Lifthim at thewaist.Whenhis hips areoff theground,shoveyourrightkneeunderhis bodyas in photo219.Pull your opponentclosetoyourbodyatthebeltwhileshiftinghimfromyourrighttoleftsideby a strongpull downwardandto theleft withyourleft

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handandpushoff stronglywithyourrightfootas in photo220.Keeponpullinguntilyouareonyourstomachandyouropponentis on his back,as in photo221.From thisposition,you maygointoa holddownof yourown.

ESCAPEFROMKATA GATAME:SHOULDERHOLDESCAPEINTOAN ARMLOCK

If youropponenthasyou in a shoulderhold andchokeas inphoto222,beginyourroll by placingyourlefthandon yourlefthip.Raiseyourlegsstraightup asfar aspossibleasin photo223.Placeyour feetoveryour left shoulderdroppingon yourkneesin a backwardsomersaultas in photo224.Whenyougetto yourknees,youwill findyouropponentis facedownandhisrightarmis nearlyextended.Grab with bothhandsaroundhis wrist anddo a sit-outplacinghisupperarmunderneathyourarmpit.Raiseyourhandsandhiswristholdinghisshoulderdownwiththeweightof yourbody.Keepyourelbowsin. This will puton pressureandlockhisrightarmasin photo225.

ESCAPEFROMKUZUREKAMISHIHOGATAME:MODIFIEDUPPERFOUR-CORNERHOLD

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If youropponenthasyouin a modifiedupperfourcornerhold,straightenoutyourrightarmandgrabyouropponent'srightpantlegas in photo226.Pull his legdownto your rightside.Hook

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your right legaroundhis right leg as in photo227. Grab youropponent'sbeltby placingyour left handoverhis left shoulder.Squeezeyouropponenttightly,makingit difficultfor himto shifthisweight,asin photo227.Pull hisbeltwithyourlefthandshov-inghisheaddownandunderwithyourleftelbow.Placeyourrighthandonhisstomachandpush,rollingtoyourleft,asinphoto228,untilyouareontopof himandheis onhisback.

ESCAPEFROMKUZUREYOKO SHIHOGATAME-MODIFIEDSIDE FOUR-CORNERHOLD

This is anoddbutpracticalwayof gettingoutof a sidepin orawrestler'scrotchandnelson.This is calleda "figure4 neckroll."If youropponenthasyouin a sidepinsuchastheoneshownin

DOWN BUT NOT OUT113

226227

photo223in Hold DownTechniques,putyour rightlegoverhisheadandsnugagainsthisneckasin photo231.Thenplaceyourrightlegoveryour left foot in a figure4 position.Beginto rollyourbodyat theshouldersas in photo232.Still holdinga snuggripwithyour legs,pushwithyour rightkneeagainsthis upperchest.Pull with your left kneeagainstthe backof his neckandhead,bowinghis head.Continuerolling until you are on yourstomachasin photo233.If desired,whenyouropponentis onhisback,grabeitherhis left leg or his left arm,holdingthe mansecurelyin apin asin photo229.

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~DOWN BUT NOT OUT 115In practice,if youwanttohavea littlefunwithyouropponent

on theground,startyourroll fromphoto229.Continuethroughphoto234.You mayroll yourmanovermanytimesuntilhegetsdizzyandattheendyouwill bein thepositionshownin photo234.Situpthenonyourrightheel,puttingpressureonyouropponent'sneck,makinghimsubmit.

ESCAPEFROMSCHOOLBOYPIN

230 231

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If youropponentsitson topof you,grabbingyourwristsasinphoto235, straightenyour armsoveryour head,graspingyourhands,makinghisbodymoveforward,andweakeninghispositionas in photo236.At thesametime,wrapyour rightfoot aroundyouropponent'sleftankleslidingyourheelintohis leg.Pressoffwithyourleftfoot rollingfromleftto rightasin photo237,untilyouropponentis on his back.His legswill stilI be aroundyour

waist.This is~good opportunityfor youtogointoa BostonCrab,asshownin photo221,Leg Locks.

ESCAPEUSINGSWITCH

This escapeis notnecessarilya pin escapebut it is an escapewhenyouropponenthassemi-controlof yourbody.You areonyourkneesandyouropponenthashisrightarmoveryourrightsideandhemaybestartinganattemptfor a windingchoke.Beforehegetshislefthandonyourrightcollar,startyourswitchbythrowingyourrightarmbackandoverhis. Kick your left leg in frontofyourrightandscootfaroutasin photo239.Wrapyourrightarmaroundyour opponent'srightkneeand thigh.Note whereyourrightarmis in photo239.Fromthereyoudropyourrightshoulderforcingyouropponenton his face.Thenquicklyroll to theright,placingyour left handaroundhis waistandpullinghim closetoyourbody.Thenyou arebehindyouropponentas in photo240.Whenstartingyour go-behind,do your switchrhythmicallyandnotin separate,distinctmoves.

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IF CHAPTER 8WINGLOCKS

NEAR SIDE

YOUR opponentis behindyouandyouareon yourknees.Wrapyourrightarmaroundhisrightarmwellabovehiselbow.Pull hisarmsnugagainstyourupperchestasin photo241.Kick yourrightlegfar outtoyourleftfront,throwingthebackof yourleftshoul-deragainstthefrontof hisleftshoulderasin photo242.He landsonhisbackasin photo243withmostof yourweightonhischest.Thenroll quicklyon yourstomachandknees,rollingto yourlefttowardhis legsandendingup in a holddownof yourownas inphoto244.

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FAR FRONT245

This is probablythemostcommonof thewinglocks.Grabyouropponent'srightarmwithyourleftarmwellabovehiselbow,pull-ingit closeintoyourupperchest.Keepyourrightfootin placeasin photo245andkick your left legto your rightsideandfront,throwingthebackof yourrightshoulderagainstthefrontof youropponent'sleftshoulder,roIlinghimonhisback.Whenyouroppo-nent'sshouldershit themat,roll quicklyto yourhandsandkneessothatyouarefacinghim.

NEAR SHOULDER

If youropponentwrapshis rightarm aroundyourneckin anattempttostrangleyou,grabhisrightsleevewithbothhandsabovehis elbow(photo246). Driveforwardwithyour left foot roIlingyour rightshoulderdown,makingyouropponenttakea forwardroll ontohisback.You shouldlandontopof himandin anupperfour-cornerhold (photo247,Hold DownTechniques).

NEARFRONT

You andyouropponentareon handsandknees,facingeachother,yourheadunderhis.Grabhisrightsleeveabovetheelbowwithbothhands,pullinghis rightelbowtowardyourbelton yourrightside.Straightenyour rightleg.Swingyour left leg to yourrightside,throwingthe backof your rightshoulderagainstthefrontof youropponent'sleftshoulderforcingbothof youto yourbacks.Roll quicklyto yourkneesto securea hold-down(photo247).

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IF CHAPTER 9GETTINGTHEUPPERHAND-GRAPEVINES

GRAPEVINES

GRAPEVINES areusedto controla man'slowerbodyand areusuallydonein conjunctionwith othertechniques.For example,if youdo a windingchoke,as in photo249,themancannotrollto eitherside.

SINGlE-REARGRAPEVINE

In photo248,youmaydo a single-reargrapevinewhileyouaredoinga simpleride. (A "ride"is justputtingyourweighton yourr .. - -- - -

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opponentwithouta specifiedhold.) In photo248youhaveyouropponent'sleft footgrapevinedwithyourleft andyourrightarmis wrappedaroundhisrightarm.If heis successfulin rollingover,youarestillclingingtightlytohisback.Photo249: Your rightfootgrapevineshis rightfoot, stabilizingyou whileyou lift his rightwristwithyourrighthand,makingyouropponentfall onhisface.

DOUBLE-REARGRAPEVINE

Wrap your legsaroundyour opponent'swaistand grapevinebothof hislegs,preventinghimfromrollingfromsidetosidewhileyoudothechoke.Arch hisbackbyarchingyourown.

SINGlE-FRONTGRAPEVINE

Hook your rightlegaroundyouropponent'sleft thigh,grape-vining.You maystophimfromrollingto thesidewiththistech-niqueor youmayputpressureonhisleftlegby straighteningyourrightleg. /r-

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DOUBLE-FRONT GRAPEVINE

Restingyour weighton your opponent'sstomachand chest,grapevinebothof hislegsasin photo252.Leanforwardandplaceyourhandsoverhis shoulderson themator, you mayplacetheweightofyourforwardbodyonhisshoulders,pinningthem.Spreadyouropponent'slegsslightlyapartwithyour own.For pressure,straightenyourlegsasin photo253.This lockshis legs,whichisillegalin competition.

252 253

FRONT-GRAPEVINE ROLL

Pull youropponentontopof you.Placeyourrightfooton theinsideof his left thigh.Wrap your left leg aroundhis right leg,placingyour toesunderneathyour opponent'sright ankleas inphoto254.Grab his sleeveat therightshoulderwith your lefthandandgrabhisleftlapelwithyourrighthand.Pressyouroppo-nent'srightkneeintothematwithyourleft legandbeginto turnhimbyraisingyourrightlegasin photo255.Pull youropponent'srightshoulderto thematwithyourleft hand.At thesametime,withyourrighthand,raiseyouropponent'sleftshoulderandwiththeaidof yourrightshinontheinsideof hisleftthighcontinueto

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GETTINGTHE UPPERHAND-GRAPEVINESI

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roll youropponenton his backas in photo256. Whenyou arejustaboutoverandontopof him,pull yourrightlegoutfrominbetweenhis legsandplaceit on theoutsideof hisleftthigh.

Sincerollingtheshouldersoverthemat,or "quickpins," donotcountin judomatworkasin wrestling,a judoplayerhastheopportunityto wrestlewithhis backon themat,enablinghim tousehisfeetto advantage.

Note:Keepin mindthatyourlegsaremuchstrongerthanyourarms.Do not be afraidto usethem.For example,at timesit iseasierfor youto pushyouropponentawaywithyourlegsthanitwouldbewithyourarms.

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OUTSIDELEG PUSH

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Lyingon yourback,placebothof yourfeetagainstyouroppo-nent'ships;atthesametime,witha lapelin eachhand,pull youropponenttowardyour shouldersand closeto your chestas inphoto257.Thenslideyour rightfoot downyouropponent'sleftthighuntil it reacheshis left knee.Keepyour left kneebentandsnugagainsthis righthip.At thesametime,straightenyourrightleguntilyouropponent'sleft legis straightandhe dropson hisleftsideasin photo258.Pull yourrightarmandyouropponent'sleftshouldercloseto yourchest.Pushhis rightshoulderawaybystraighteningyourleft arm,rollingyouropponentontohis back.Roll withhim andon top of him,keepingyourbodiescloseto-gether.You shouldendupin asmotherpinasinHold DownTech-niques.

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---258 259

Note: If desired,asyouarerollingyouropponenton hisback,slip your handsfrom his lapelsunderneathhis armsandtouchyourhandstogetherbehindhisshoulders.Leanforwardandbeginto fold yourarms,hugginghis upperbody.This will forceyouropponent'sarmsoverhisheadmakingit moredifficultfor himtobreatheor escapeasin photo259.Or youmaydo a conventionalsmotherpin asin Hold DownTechniques.

STOCKS AND CHANCERY

Starton handsandknees.Pressyourupperchestagainstyouropponent'srightshoulderblade.Placeyour righthandon youropponent'sleft arm,abovetheelbow.Placeyourleft armunder-neathhis rightarm and restyour righthandhigh on his back.Do notput yourleftelbowin too deepwhileyouropponentstillhashis balanceor you will be subjectto near-frontwing lock.Pull yourrighthandtowardyourbeltstraighteningyouropponent'sleftarmandforcinghimonhisleftfrontside,asin photo261.Atthesametime,pressyourleftfootintothemat.Beginto straightenyourleftleg.Squeezeyouropponent'srightarmandshoulderclosetoyourupperchestashisrightsideis raisingoff theground.Keepdrivinguntilyouropponent'srightshouldertouchesthematandyoufall diagonallyacrosshischest.

PIPE WRENCH

One goodthingabouta pipewrenchis thatyouropponentcan-not attempta wing lock. Starting on your knees, place your left

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wristbehindyouropponent'sneck.Placeyourrightarmunderneathhisbodybetweenhis neckandrightshoulderpressingyour righthandonyourleftwrist.pun yourselfsnugagainstyouropponent'sbodyas in photo262.Pressyour righthandon your left wrist,downward,turningyour left wrist inward,puttingpressureonyouropponent'sneck.Thiswill forcehisheadandneckdownward.At thesametime,pressandlift withyour rightshoulderagainstyouropponent'sleftsideasin photo263.Snaphimoverandendupin a smotherholddown.

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QUARTER-NELSON

Startingon your knees,placeyour left handon the back ofyour opponent'sneck.Place your rightarm underneathhis leftshoulderandgraspyour left wristbetweenyouropponent'sleftshoulderandneckwithyourrighthand.Straightenyour left leg.Placeyourrightshouldersnugagainstyouropponent'sleftsideasinphoto264.Your righthandpullsdownonyourleftwrist,turningyourleftpalmtowardyou.Put pressureon youropponent'sneckforcinghisheadandneckdownward.At thesametime,yourrightforearmis raisingyouropponent'sleft shoulderandarmpitas inphoto265.As youropponentis on his wayover,dropyourleftkneeto thematandhelphim overwitha pushwithyour rightshoulderasin photo266.End upin a smotherpinor in a reverse-timehold.

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GETTING THE UPPER HAND-GRAPEVINES 127

NEARHALF-NELSONWITHARMDRAG

Placeyourleftforearmunderyouropponent'sleftarmpit,withthepalmof your left handon thebackof his neck.Placeyourrighthandon youropponent'srightarmabovetheelbow.Placeyour rightshouldersnugagainsttheleft sideof your opponent'sbody.Placeyourleftfootin pushingpositionasin photo267.Pullhisrightarmclosetoyourbelt.Lift up underyouropponent'sleftshoulderwithyourlefthandpullingdownagainstthebackof hisneck.Shovewithyourrightshoulderuntilyouropponentis onhisbackasinphoto268.

----

267 268

THREE-QUARTER NELSON

Startingonyourknees,placeyourarmsunderneathyouroppo-nentandaroundthebackof hisneckasin photo269.Placeyourrightshouldersnugagainsthis leftside.Snapyouropponentoverby pullingyourhandson thebackof hisneckcloseto yourbelt,drivingyourrightshoulderforward.He will landon his backasin photo270.You easilyfall intoa smotherpin asin Hold DownTechniques.

FULL-NELSON INTO PIN

Startingon yourknees,geta full nelsonby placingyourarmsunderneathhis armsandgraspingyourhandsbehindyour oppo-nent'sneckas in photo271. You maypin themanby shovingstronglywithyourleftlegpressingdownbehindhisneckandrais-inghisleftshoulderrollinghimoveruntilhe is onhisback.Since


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this hold usespressureagainstthe neck, it is illegal in competition.

NEAR HALF-NELSONWITH ARM BAR

If youropponentis on his face,grabhisrightwristwithyourrighthand.At thesametime,placeyour left armunderneathhisleftarmpit,puttingyourhandon thebackof hisneckasin photo273.Beginto leveryourmanonhisbackbyliftinghisleftarmupandpressingdownagainstthebackof hisneck,asin photo274,untilhe is on hisback,asin photo275.You arestillholdingontohisrightwristwithyourrighthand.His rightarmis underneathhisbody,makingit verydifficultforhimtomovehisrightshoulder.

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GETTING THE UPPERHAND-GRAPEVINES 129

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NECK AND ARM LEVER

You attemptthistechniquewhenyouropponentis lyingflatonhisstomach.Straddleyouropponentandplaceyourleftarmunder-neathhisleftarmandshoulder.Placeyourrightelbowonthebackof youropponent'sneckandgraspyourhandstogetherasin photo276.Rollyouropponentover,raisinghisleftarmattheshoulder.Pressstronglyagainstthebackof hisneckwithyourrightelbowkeepinghis rightsidesnugagainstthematas theleftsideraises,asin photo277.As youropponentbeginstoroll over,stepoverhis

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body,switchingto his rightside.Placehis left arm againstyourleftshoulder.Pushwithyourfeetandyourleftshoulderuntilyouropponentis onhisbackasin photo278.

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277 278

FAR-ARM DRAG

Wrap your armsunderneathyour opponent'sbody,graspingyourhandsabovehisrightelbow.Placeyourchestagainsthisleftsideasin photo279.Pull his rightarmandsidedownby pullingyourarmscloseto yourwaist;at thesametimeraisehis leftsidewithyourupperchestas in photo280.Drive forwardwithyourupperbody,landingyourchestagainsthis as he finisheson hisback.

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~GETTING THE UPPER HAND-GRAPEVINES 131

FAR-LEG DRAG

This techniqueis nomorecomplicatedthana footballtackle.Placeyourarmsaroundyouropponent'slegsdownlow.Placeyourleftshoulderagainsthislefthip.Placeyourrightfootbehindyouasin photo281.Snapyouropponenton his backby pullinghislegsandkneesoff thegroundtowardyourstomachandrightside.At thesametimedriveforwardwithyourleftshoulderuntilyouropponentisonhisbackasinphoto282.

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FAR-ARMAND -LEGDRAG

This techniquecombinesfararmdragandfarlegdrag.Placeyourleftarmunderyouropponent'sneckwithyourlefthandonhis rightarmabovehis elbow. Your rightarmwrapsaroundhislegspullinghiskneescloseto his forwardbodyas in photo283.Placeyour rightshouldersnugagainstyour opponent'sleft hip.For action,snapyourarmstowardyou.Simultaneously,drivefor-wardwithyourupperchest.Your opponentshouldspinonhisbackinmid-airasin photo284.You mayendupin asidepin if desired,asin Hold DownTechniques.

CHINTWIST

Facingyouropponentonyourknees,placeyourrightarmunderhisneckandgriphischinfirmlywithyourhandasin photo285.Kick andstraightenyour left foot out to your rightside,rollingontoyourbackandwrappingyourrightarmoverthetop of his

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THE HANDBOOK OF JUDO

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neckmaintainingyourgripon hischinasin photo286.Continueto roll,hittingyourrightkneeagainstthemat.Roll youropponenton his backby pullinghis chin fromhis right to his left towardhis left shoulder.As his headturnsto the left his bodywill beforcedto follow,causinghimto roll onhis backasin photo287.Continueto roll untilyou areon yourstomach.You endup in asmotherpin asa modifiedupperfour-cornerholdor KuzureKamiShihoGatame.The chin twistis illegalin competitionas are alltechniquesthatapplypressureto thevertebraeof theneck.

287 288

BELT AND NECK OVER

Placeyourlefthandon thebackof youropponent'sheadandneck.Placeyour rightarm betweenhis legsandgrasphis beltwithyourrighthand.Pull youropponentcloseto youasin photo288.Pushdownon thebackof youropponent'sheadandneckwithyourlefthandwhileyouareliftinghiscrotchoff thegroundwithyour rightarm (by liftingand pullinghis belt). Straightenyour rightfoot anddriveforwardas in photo289. Continuetoroll youropponentover.As you aredoingso, let go of thebeltwithyourrighthand;wrapit aroundthebackof his neck,graspyour lefthand.Your rightarmpitshouldpressinto thebackofyouropponent'skneeas in photo290. Try to pressyouroppo-nent'sleftkneeto his forehead.

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You end up in a modifiedupper four-cornerhold as in photo 8of Hold Down Techniques, althoughdone on the opposite side.Learn to do your take downs and roll-overs on both sideswithequal ease.

SIDE-GRAPEVINEROll

Whenyouropponentis on hishandsandknees,quicklylie onyourleftside,placeyourleftlegbetweenhis legsandwrapyourleftfootaroundhisleftankle.Grabyouropponent'srightshoulderwith your righthandas in photo291.Straightenhis left leg bystraighteningyour left leg and pushingforwardagainsthis leftanklewithyourleftfoot.He will falterandroll towardhisleftside.Helphimroll overyourbodybypullinghimacrosswithyourrighthand.Keeponrollingasinphoto292untilyouareontopofyouropponentasin Hold DownTechniques.

.-291 292

lEGANDARMLIFT

Whenyouropponentisonhisknees,grabhisleftsleeveattheelbowwithyourlefthandandgrabhisanklewithyourrighthandasinphoto293.Liftwithbotharmsuntilyouropponentis off thegroundslightly,swinginghisrightsidetowardyourfeetasin photo294.Drop to your kneespressingyourchestagainsthis.Wrapyourrightarmaroundyouropponent'sleftlegandyourleft armaroundhisneck.Thengraspyourhands.End up in an"overheadwithfar leg"holdasin Hold DownTechniques.

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Note:I refertoan"overheadwithfarleg"holdagainstyourop-ponent'sleft side,althoughthehold, as describedin Hold DownTechniques,is demonstratedagainsttherightside.

SCISSORS AND ARM HOOK

Whenyouropponentisonhishandsandknees,placeyourleftlegaroundhisleftarm.Pull it awayfromhisbodyasin photo295.Beginto roll overyourleftshoulder.Kick off withyourrightfoot,scissorhisarmwithyourleft legasin photo296.Roll untilyouropponent'sfeetswingupintotheairandhishipsarerestingagainstthesideof yourbody.Grasphisrightarmwithbothofyoursandhugtightlyasin photo297.

Althoughphoto297isnotanosaekomi,if youropponent'sheadis bentforwardandhisarmsarehooked,it is verydifficultfor himto getaway.If desired,youmaycontinueto roll untilhis shoul-derstouchthematasin doublebararmofHold DownTechniques,stillhookinghisarmsandpressinghisheadforward.This againisanillegalhold in competition,but youropponentwill findit verydifficulttogetoutof in practice.

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GETTINGTHE UPPERHAND-GRAPEVINES 137

SHORTRIBREST

Althoughthistechniqueis illegalin competition,youcanobserveits effectivenessin practice.If your opponentis on his stomach,pressthepointedpartof yourelbowagainsthis rightsidebetweenhisbeltandrightshoulderbladeasin photo298.If doneproperly,thepainwillbeenoughtoforcethemanto roll quicklytowardyouandonhisbackto easehispainasin photo299.You canendupin anupward-armcrankasin Arm Lock Techniques.

SHINON CALF

If youropponentis onhishandsandknees,placeyourrightshinandmostof yourweighton hisleftlowerlegbelowhiscalf.Pressdownandtowardyouwithyourshinasin photo300.Placeyourleftarmunderhis rightarmandwrapyourarmbehindhis neck.Pull hiship towardyou withyour righthandasin photo301.Ifdoneproperly,thepainagainsthisleftlegwill causeyouropponentto roll onhisleftsidetogetaway.Assisthimtohisbackby lever-inghisrightarmup withyourleftarmandpressinghisheadfor-wardas in photo301.Whenhe is on his back,pressyourchestagainsthisand,holdinghis rightsleevewithyourlefthand,switchintoKesaGatameasdemonstratedin Hold DownTechniques.

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BEFORE beginninganychoke,besureyourhandsarein properposition.Theideaof chokingis nottocutthewind,butto impedethebloodflowto thehead.Chokesarenotdangerousif doneprop-erly.Do notpracticechokesunlessyouarefamiliarwithkwatsu,aspecialformof firstaidandresuscitation,or a qualifiedinstructoris present.

Chokesareusefuloutsidethedojoif a mangoesberserkor is afightingdrunk.Whena manis drunkor goesmad,he won'tfeeltheeffectof a joint lock.You maybreakhisarmin anattempttosubduehimandhewill feelnopain.It is mucheasiertogetbehindhimandchokehimunconscious.Thusyoucanholdhimuntil theproperauthoritiesarrive.He shouldsufferno ill effects,providingheis in goodhealthandprovidingyoureleasethepressureassoonashelosesconsciousness.

PALMS UP

Relaxingyour handsand arms,crossyour arms,thumbsup,grabbingyour opponent'scollarbehindhis ears.Chokehim byroIlingyourknucklesintohisneck,turningyourpalmsdown.Pullhim closeto you.Spreadyourelbows.If possible,straightenhislegswithyourlegs(photo302).

139

HALF-BEARCLAW

Your lefthandholdsyouropponent'srightlapel,thumbup.Yourrighthandholdshighon his left collar,thumbdown.Your rightfistpushesin onthemusclesof theleftsideof hisneckwhileyouI'lefthandcrossesoverin frontof hisneckandpulls (photo305).

REARDOUBLE-LAPELTOURNIQUET

Hold your opponent'sleft collar with both hands.Slideyourrighthandupdeep,thenputyourlefthandonhis rightlapelasinphoto306.Your lefthandholdshisrightlapelsecurely.Withyourrighthandonhis leftcollar,windfromleft to rightby straighten-ingyourelbow.Grapevineoneor bothlegsaroundhisif possible.

REARSINGLE-LAPELTOURNIQUET

Grab youropponent'sleft collarwith your righthand.Pull itacrosshisnecktight.Thenswitchapdholdit withyourlefthand,palmdown.Put yourrighthandon his left shoulderas in photo307.Chokeyouropponentbyscissoringyourforearmsandspread-ingyourelbows.Keepyourwristsstraight.

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PALMUP,PALMDOWN

Reachyour righthandin deep,palmdown.Crossyour arms.Your lefthandis palmup.Hold a firmgripwithyourlefthand.Startyourchokingbytryingtotouchyourrightelbowtoyouroppo-nent'sleftshoulder(photo303).

Note:Makesurebothyourarmsareunderneathyouropponent'schin. Pull your opponent'supperbody closeto your chestandstraightenhislegswithyourfeetif possible.

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Grabyouropponent'srightlapelwithyourlefthand,thumbup.Grabhis left lapelwithyour righthand,thumbdown,aboutsixinchesdownfromtheneck.Crossoverwithyourrighthandasinphoto304.Pushwithyourrighthandandpullwithyourleft.

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Wrap aroundhis neckwith your left arm,pointingyour wristtowardthebackof his collaras in photo308.Usingyour righthand,slideyourleftforearmalongtherightsideof hisneckto therear,pressingyourleftshoulderagainstthebackof hishead.

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REARNAKED CHOKE

Place your left arm around your opponent'sneck.Placeyourleft palm on your right bicep with your right forearm in back ofhis neck, pushingforward.Squeezeboth sidesof his neckwithyour left arm.Push forwardon the backof his neckwith yourright hand (photo 309).

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DOUBLE-BEAR CLAW

Placebothhandsonoppositecollars,thumbsdownbelowyouropponent'sears.Your handsshouldbe in verydeep.Chokehim,pressingyourfistsin his neckby straighteningyour armsat theelbows.Keepyourwristsstraight(photo310).

WINDINGCHOKE

Grabyouropponent'sleft lapelwithyourrighthandandwrapit aroundhisnecktohisright.Your lefthandshouldbeunderhisleftarm,behindhisneck,andpushingforward.Chokeby straight-eningbothyourelbows.Keep your rightwrist straight.If at allpossiblewhile attemptingthis move,grapevinehis left leg withyourleftleg.Thiswillpreventhimfromrollingoutof yourchoke(photo311).

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HANDAND ELBOW,HOOKEDARMS

Your legsscissoryouropponent'sleftarm.Yourrightarmhookshisrightarm.This makesit verydifficultfor himtomovehisupperbody.Withyourlefthand,grabyouropponent'sleftcollarin deep.Pushyourelbowtowardshisneckontherightsideasin photo312.

KNEE,FOREARMANDELBOW

If youropponenthasyouin asidepin,reachyourlefthandoverthebackof hisneck,grabbingyourleftpantlegattheknee.Keepa straightwristandbendyourelbowtowardyourleftknee.Chokemorestronglyon hisleftside(photo313).

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DOUBLE KNEE AND WINDING

This chokeis not for competition.Placeyouropponent'sheadbetweenyourlegs.Grab his rightcollarin deep.Pull acrosshisneckandupasinphoto314.Placeyourlefthandaroundyourrightwristfor moreleverage.

Note: Keepyourkneestogetherso youropponent'sheadcannot turn.In practiceyoumayscissoryour legs.This is illegalincompetition.

KNEE AND WINDING

Your opponentis on his back.The weightof your leftkneeison youropponent'sface.Hold his leftlapelwithbothhands.Pullstronglyasin photo315.This moveis illegalin competition.

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DOUBLE KNUCKLE ROlL

Grip youropponent'scollar,thumbsup. Chokeby rollingyourknucklesintohisneck.At thispointyourthumbsshouldbepoint-ing out.Your elbowsshouldbe closeto yourbodyandpressingforward.If you areattemptingthischokeon theground,controlyouropponent'sbodywithyourfeet(photo316).

WINDINGAND ULNA PRESS

Your righthandgrabsyouropponent'sleftlapelin deep.Windhis collararoundin frontof his neck.Push therightsideof hisneckin a downwardslidingmotionwithyourleftforearm.Grape-

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The Handbook of Judo Gene Lebell