The Guiding Helper - Notes of Sources of Explanatory Notes

The Guiding HelperThe Guiding HelperThe Guiding HelperThe Guiding HelperNotes of Sources for

Explanatory Notes

DRAFT VERSION

Secondary and Primary TextProofs for the Points

Mentioned in the Guiding HelperExplanatory Footnotes

© The Guiding Helper Foundation 2001

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This document is intended as a supplementto the Notes of Sources for the Guiding

Helper Bare Main Text. You will find thatmany of the points mentioned in the

explanatory footnotes are already sufficientlybacked up in the Notes of Sources for the

Guiding Helper Bare Main Text.

Foreword

All praise is for Allah, the Lord of the worlds. Peace and blessings be on the Prophet, his family,his companions, and all those that follow.

The primary reason that we believe the Guiding Helper is an accurate representation of the dīnthat the Prophet Muhammad (May Allah bless him and give him peace) brought is theconfidence we have in the line of teachers back to him (Allah bless him and give him peace)from whom we have received this knowledge.

However as the contemporary world has begun to place more emphasis on written evidences asopposed to oral ones, we have prepared these Notes of Sources to appease the worries andconcerns of those individuals that find the material in the Guiding Helper foreign or alien to ourdin.

The purpose of these Notes of Sources is to demonstrate that all the material in the GuidingHelper texts is traceable back to an authentic source recognized by our din. The cognizant readerwill then realize that all we have done in these Guiding Helper texts is to gather together thework of many ancient Muslim scholars for the benefit of providing the contemporary world witha coherent and comprehensible picture of the din.

The purpose of these Notes of Sources is not to nullify or prove wrong other valid views heldabout our din. Rather, the reason that we do not list all of the possible views on a particularsubject is brevity and that our main purpose here is to increase confidence in the Guiding Helpertexts and not to write a book about the various valid views on each subject of our din.

We understand that the Muslim populous is made up of basically two types of people:

a) Those that are confident in the authentic scholars of our din and will accept statementsfrom them on face value without demanding further explanations.b) Those that have less confidence in the authentic traditional scholars of our din but haveconfidence in the primary texts. These type of people usually refuse to accept anauthentic scholar's opinion without being given primary text evidence to back it up.

The Guiding Helper texts were written for both types of people although the first group willprobably reap more benefit.

Notes to Those That Trust Scholars

We are confident that the opinions we narrate in the Guiding Helper are authentic and correct.And we pray to Allah that He gives those who try their best to follow the Guiding Helper textsmuch good in this world and Paradise without reckoning in the next.

We encourage those who follow the Guiding Helper to learn and practice tolerance for those thatfollow other valid Islamic schools of beliefs, law, and spirituality. It is not possible to convinceevery single human being on the earth to follow a specific school of knowledge. Rather, the way

to spread one's school of knowledge is to demonstrate its applicability, its viability, its ease inlearning, and its ease in practice.

Even within a particular Islamic school (e.g., of beliefs, of law, of spirituality, etc.) differences ofopinion exist in certain highly detailed subjects. This is something that comes from the inherentlimitations imposed by human language (since human language cannot always issue a bilaterallyunderstood statement about highly detailed subjects). In every single subject, related to the dinor otherwise (e.g., medicine, mathematics, biology, chemistry, philosophy, linguistics, etc.), onewill find similar differences of opinion; thus, one should not be shocked by the presence of suchdifferences but consider them normal and expected. Nevertheless in the Islamic schools ofbeliefs, law, and spirituality, the expert scholars have come up with popular or more trustedopinions for the unified dissemination of knowledge1. In the Guiding Helper texts, we havestuck closely to the popular or more trusted opinions in 95% or more of the subject matter. If wenarrate an opinion that differs from the popular or more trusted opinion, it is for either of thefollowing two reasons:

a) The average contemporary man will not be able practice or understand the popularopinion except with great difficulty.

- or -b) The popular opinion leads to an inconsistency which makes the subject matter hard tolearn.

Notes to Those That Trust Scholars Less

It is not possible to gather together the knowledge of a highly complex subject of din (e.g.,Inheritance or Legal System Maintenance) accurately and without mistakes by using only theQur'an and isolated sayings of the Prophet2. The early scholars realized this and this is why theformal study of beliefs, law, and spirituality was founded. This allowed future generations tobuild off the knowledge of their predecessors (as is done in the physical sciences, such asengineering, medicine, and physics) instead of having each generation repeat the lengthy task ofderiving the detailed beliefs and laws from the primary texts themselves. Even if thecontemporary man were able to produce a rudimentary system of din directly from the primarytexts (as some have attempted), his system would not be able to handle the complex intellectual,social, and legal issues that face modern man3. Thus, his system may be a viable personalalternative for an individualistic religion but would be unable to serve as a foundation for

1 In plain English: so that people are taught the same thing for the purposes of harmony and avoiding confusion2 The challenge goes out those that do not accept this statement that they attempt to derive the laws of Inheritance orthe laws of the Islamic Court System from the verses of the Qur'an and the sayings of the Prophet without referringto any secondary text. Then, they should compare what they produce with what is written in primary-text-backedlaw books, such as al-Maùnah àla Madh-hab Àlim al-Madinah (MA) and they will see the great mistakes andshortcomings that they have made.3 The contemporary rudimentary systems based solely upon primary text evidence that we have examined fail toinform their adherents about the detailed laws/beliefs that go beyond the understanding of a kindergarten student.Additionally at best, they produce a person who knows some unorganized scattered information about physicalpurification, how to perform prayer, how to give basic Zakat, how to fast, and how to perform pilgrimage - and thatis all. Very few people who learn the din from only primary sources know anything definitive about Marriage laws,Divorce laws, Inheritance laws, Court system laws, the laws of Trade, etc. - except some glittering generalitieswhich cannot translate into any concrete action. Such people are left victim to always searching for "Fatwas"(situation-specific legal rulings given ad hoc) to handle the issues that they face in their daily lives. This shows thefailure of the rudimentary system in producing independent qualified individuals that share the same basicunderstanding of din, which is a precondition for the existence of a society that is to be ruled by Islam.

structuring an entire society. Thus, he would be forced to adopt contemporary methods andprocedures foreign to our din to make his system work for an entire society4.

Many unqualified people present today are attacking specific beliefs/laws/practices narrated byour traditional authentic scholars. They often claim that the belief/law/practice contradicts ahadith or that the hadith that the belief/law/practice is based upon is weak. Or worse yet, theyclaim that the belief/law/practice is in direct conflict with the Qur'an. It is not the purpose of thisForeword to outline the derivation methods of traditional scholars, but the reader should beaware of the following points agreed upon by the vast majority of traditional scholars:

a) There are many classifications for hadith5. The classification !a`īf (mistranslated asweak [the correct translation is less-authenticated]) itself is of various levels. The vastmajority of scholars agree that although tenets of belief and the legal rulings of wajib andharam cannot be derived solely from a less-authenticated hadith, it is perfectly valid toderive the legal rulings of mandub and makruh from the great bulk of less-authenticatedhadith (otherwise known as weak hadith)6. Thus, it is not valid to argue that an actlabeled as sunnah, fadilah, raghibah, or nafilah should be abandoned because it is basedupon a less-authenticated hadith; nor is it valid to argue that there is no merit in avoidingan act labeled as makruh because the recommendation against it is listed in a less-authenticated hadith.b) A single body text for a hadith can have several independent chains of transmission. Itis not valid to rule the body text of a hadith as being less-authenticated by examining onlyone of its chains. This is because another independent chain for the same hadith text mayexist which is well-authenticated ("asan) or rigorously-authenticated (#a"ī"). Thus, aperson who does not have encyclopedic knowledge about the hadith cannot assignweights to isolated hadith that he reads/hears7.

4 Many contemporary Muslim reformists are in this situation. They do not possess a deep knowledge andunderstanding of the traditional schools of Islamic beliefs, law, and spirituality but claim anyway that thesetraditional schools are outdated and cannot be applied to our modern world [perhaps because they do not understandthat the basic fabric of human life and society remains relatively unchanged through the passage of time andprogress of technology as the Qur'an hints in many places, such as: "Nothing is said to you except what was alreadysaid to the messengers before you" [41:43] - hinting at the fact that people's way of thinking and concerns staybasically the same.] They claim that a new interpretation to the primary texts is necessary for the survival andapplication of our din. However after they are done interjecting and mixing the foreign methods and procedures, thevarious parts of the resultant din can no longer be all traced back to Qur'an and the practices of the Prophet (MayAllah bless him and give him peace) and early Muslims whom we are told to hold fast to and emulate. Thus to beaccurate, the din that they produce should be called by another name and not the name that the Prophet (May Allahbless him and give him peace) used for the din he taught.5 Imam al-Bayquni in his Bayquniyyah notes 34 common classifications that the person studying hadith must haveknowledge of before going any further.6 Imam al-Nawawi notes this in the introductory chapter (about being sincere and having a good intention in allexternal and internal actions; section 2) of his book, al-Adhkar.7 When one is dealing with the Maliki school, it makes even less sense to abandon a view of Imam Malik (takenfrom a hadith (or a transmitted action) he knew) due to some other hadith scholar (who showed up decades later)labeling the same hadith body text as less authenticated. One of primary reasons for this is Imam Malik (one of thetop hadith scholars (if not the top post-Companion scholar of hadith)) had fewer people in his chain of transmissionthan the later scholars of hadith. On many cases, he had as little as two people (e.g., he narrated from Nafi`, to IbnÙmar, and then to the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace)) in his chain of transmission. Whereas,the later hadith scholars (e.g., Muslim and al-Bukhari) could have about six to ten people in their chains oftransmission. Thus, it is very possible that a hadith which Imam Malik considered to be rigorously authenticated (orwell authenticated) be considered less authenticated by the later scholars of hadith (e.g., Muslim and al-Bukhari)since some of the transmitters in the chain after Imam Malik's time could lack the qualities of trustworthiness. Fromthis, you see the utter worthlessness of the argument that a hadith should be totally abandoned because a particularscholar could not authenticate it fully.

c) Many recorded authentic hadith (due the isolated way they were collected andorganized) only tell part of the story or contain information out of context. One caneasily misinterpret such hadith if one does not have a greater knowledge of the event orsubject matter of the hadith. Thus, it is not safe to derive beliefs or laws from onlyreading/listening to isolated hadith except if one is an expert scholar of beliefs or law.d) The total body of the authentic hadith is much greater in number than the combinedhadith of Sahih Buhkari, Sahih Muslim, al-Nisa'i, Ahmad, Ibn Majah, and Abu Dawud.Thus, to gain a total picture of the Prophetic message from hadith, one would have tomemorize and understand about half a million hadith narrations (counting duplications/variations of body text but not counting mere differences in chains of transmission).e) Apparent contradictions exist between various authentic hadith, between variousverses in the Qur'an, and between authentic hadith and verses in the Qur'an. Thesecontradictions can be resolved using many techniques, two of which are: (1) restricting/expanding the scope of the text and (2) dating the texts and giving the newer textprecedence over the older text. Thus, the common man has no right to attack the view ofa traditional scholar (who reached his conclusion by the comparison and weighing ofapparently contradictory evidence) by saying that the view contradicts an isolated hadithor isolated verse in the Qur'an.f) There is a difference between common-language vocabulary/constructs and technical-language vocabulary/constructs. Many unqualified people have misinterpreted verses inthe Qur'an and sayings8 of the Prophet (May Allah bless him and give him peace) byconfusing common-language vocabulary/constructs with technical-language vocabulary/constructs. One of the greatest examples of such a blunder is with the hadith literallytranslated as "Every [kullu] new affair [bidàh] is a misguidance [!alālah]". Unqualifiedpeople firstly do not understand that the construct kullu in common-language does notnecessarily indicate all; it can also have a meaning of most all or can be used as a way ofemphasizing that a situation is prevalent. Secondly, they do not understand that Prophet(May Allah bless him and give him peace) was referring to specific types of innovation(i.e. within a restricted scope) with the word bidàh (mostly concerned with àqidah(tenets of beliefs) and the basics of the acts of worship) and not to all matters in din thatcome about after his passing away. Thirdly, they do not understand whether or not theword dalalah always conforms to the haram legal ruling or in some contexts cancorrespond to the makruh legal ruling (in actuality, it can correspond to both). Thegeneral conclusion is that if one is not thoroughly trained in Arabic lexicology, it is veryeasy to make serious mistakes in deriving beliefs and laws from the primary texts.g) Some aspects of our din are not stated in clear terms in the primary texts9. To conveysuch aspects of the din, the early Muslims (e.g., those living in Madinah shortly after theProphet passed away) simply emulated and practiced what they learned from the Prophet(May Allah bless him and give him peace) without narrating any specific hadith. Thus,valid practices exist in our din for which there is no clear direct primary text evidence orthere is even an isolated apparently contradictory piece of evidence. [These practiceswere later formally recorded in books and taught with words to help preserve them (e.g.,those recorded by Sahnun al-Saìd al-Tanukhi in his Mudawwanah).]

8 Similarly, many unqualified contemporary people (especially in Western Academia) have misinterpreted thesecondary texts of our scholars by making similar mistakes.9 Please refer to the hadith of Abu Hurayrah in which he states that he absorbed from the Prophet (May Allah blesshim and give him peace) two containers of knowledge and he publicly narrated only one of these containers [al-Bukhari, book of knowledge, chapter on memorizing knowledge, hadith #117]; and there are other proofs for thisstatement also.

With this, we ask Allah for forgiveness and hope that He places His blessing in this work as Hecan only do.

Abu Qanit al-Sharif al-Hasani, (Student of Sheikh Àlī Fīlālī)

Table of ReferencesTwo-letter code Book Info

AFTitle: 'Āsān FiqhAuthor: Mu"ammad Yusuf al-I#lā"īAge Written: Within past centuryPublished by: Maktabah Dhikrah, Rām Pūr, U.P, IndiaEdition Description: two volumes; first volume has 387 numbered pagesComments: This is an easy-to-understand basic 'anafiī Fiqh book based upon Marāqīal-Falā" (see MF below). We narrated opinions from this book that conform to the Malikischool when it was difficult to find a written excerpt from a Maliki book that covers whatwe learned from the live traditional Maliki scholars under whom we studied.

AHTitle: American Heritage College Dictionary [of the English Language]Author: Main editor was Robert B. CostelloAge Written: Within past centuryPublished by: Houghton Mifflin Company, New York, 1993 C.E.Edition Description: one volume; third edition; 1630 numbered pages; words listedin two columns in alphabetical orderComments: This is a dictionary of the English language that represents the word andsentence style of the largest native English-speaking population at the present time (i.e. inNorth America). We have used the word spellings and style outlined in this dictionary towrite the Guiding Helper texts.

AMTitle: al-Ma`ūnah Àlā Madh-hab `Ālim al-MadīnahAuthor: Abu Mu"ammad Àbd al-Wahhab ibn Àli ibn Na#r al-Bagh!ādīAge Written: Over 1000 years agoPublished by: Dar al-Kutub al-Ìlmiyyah in Beirut in 1419 A.H. / 1998 C.E.Edition Description: printed in 2 volumes; 1st volume has 656 numbered pagesComments: This author did an excellent job at finding the primary text evidence forthe points mentioned in the Mudawwanah al-Kubrah and Ibn Abu Zayd's Risālah.

AQTitle: al-Arba`ūn al-QudsiyyahAuthor: al-Daktūr Ìzz al-Dīn Ibrāhīm and Denys Johnson-DaviesAge Written: Within past centuryPublished by: UnknownEdition Description: one volume; 151 numbered pagesComments: The authors gathered in this book forty hadith in which Allah speaks inthe first person. The English translation of each hadith is given on the facing page.

BUTitle: al-Burhān fī Ùlūm al-Qur'ānAuthor: Badr al-Dīn Mu"ammad ibn Àbdullah al-ZarkashiAge Written: Over 700 years agoPublished by: al-Maktabah al-À#riyyah, BeirutEdition Description: four bound volumes; first volume has 508 numbered pagesComments: In this book, the author basically summarizes all work done withanalyzing the Qur'an from an Arabic literary aspect by the scholars up to his time.

DRTitle: Dalīl al-Rāghbīn ilā al-Riyā! al-"āli"īnAuthor: al-Daktūr Fārūq al 'amādahAge Written: Within past centuryPublished by: Dar al-Thaqāfah, CasablancaEdition Description: one volume; 970 numbered pagesComments: This is a contemporary commentary on Imam al-Nawawi's famous hadithcollection, al-Riyā! al-"āli"īn. In addition to shedding light on some contemporarymatters, this author has done an excellent job in finding the exact locations of each hadithnarrated by Imam al-Nawawi in the greater books of hadith; thus, assuring the reader that

the hadith narrated by al-Nawawi in this book are actually authentic.

DTTitle: al-Durr al-Thamīn wa al-Mawrid al-Ma`īn Shar" al-Murshid al-Mu`īnAuthor: Mu"ammad ibn A"mad MayyārahAge Written: Over 300 years agoPublished by: Maktabah al-Manār; TunisEdition Description: one volume; 499 numbered pages (not counting indices); asecond book is printed on the lower-half of the page; the lower book is Kha"a" al-Sadād waal-Rushd written by al-Àllāmah al-Tatā'ī and is an explanation to Ibn Rushd's meteredverse text, Muqaddamah Ibn Rushd.Comments: This is the main trusted explanation of Ibn Àshir's text, al-Murshid al-Muìn; the Guiding Helper is based upon Ibn Àshir's core text.

FITitle: al-Futu"āt al-Ilāhiyyah Shar" al-Mabā"ith al-A#liyyahAuthor: A"mad ibn Mu"ammad ibn Àjībah al-'asanīAge Written: About 200 years agoPublished by: Dar al-FikrEdition Description: two volumes bound as one; another book is printed on the tophalf of the page by the same author; this other book is an explanation of Ibn Àtā'illah'sHikam (Book of Wise Sayings about the Path to Allah).Comments: This is a trusted commentary on the brief compendium of spiritualitywritten by Ibn al-Bannā al-Sarqus(ī. The core text consists of 454 rhyming metered veressimilar in structure to Ibn Àshir's al-Murshid al-Muìn.

FQTitle: al-Tafsīr al-Fat" al-QadīrAuthor: Mu"ammad ibn Àlī ibn Mu"ammad al-ShawkānīAge Written: About two hundred years agoPublished by: Dar al-Fikr, BeirutEdition Description: five volumes plus one slim concordance; first volume has 826numbered pagesComments: This is a commentary on the Qur'an that gathers what the scholars of bothinductive understanding have said and what the scholars of hadith have said.

HATitle: al-Hikam al-À(ā'iyyahAuthor: A"mad ibn Mu"ammad ibn Àbd al-Karīm al-IskandarīAge Written: Over 700 years agoPublished by: al-Maktabah al-Àrabiyyah, Damascus, SyriaEdition Description: one slim pocket-size paperback volume; 126 numbered pagesComments: This is a collection of 264 short Arabic pieces of advice about travellingthe Path to Allah.

HLTitle: 'ilyah al-Lubb al-Ma#ūn Shar" al-Jawhar al-Maknūn li al-Akh!arīAuthor: Ahmad al-DamanhūrīAge Written: Commentary was written about two hundred years ago; the base textwas written over four hundred years ago.Published by: Sharikah al-Maktabah Ma(baàh Mu#(afah al-Bābā al-'albā waAwlāduh, Cairo, 1950 C.E. : 1370 A.H.; second printingEdition Description: one volume; 112 numbered pagesComments: This is an explanation of Imam al-Akh!arī's Rhetoric Text al-Jawhar al-Maknūn

HMTitle: al-'abl al-Matīn Shar" al-Murshid al-Mu`īnAuthor: Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Àbdullah ibn al-Mubārak al-Fat"īAge Written: Within past centuryPublished by: Maktabah al-Sha`biyyah, MoroccoEdition Description: one slim paperback volume; 80 numbered pagesComments: This is very short explanation of Ibn Àshir's text al-Murshid al-Muìnupon which the Guiding Helper is based. This text is a very useful summary of al-Durr al-Thamin (see DT above).

HUTitle: al-'ajj wa al-ÙmrahAuthor: Àbd al-Mu((alib Rifàh FawranAge Written: Within past centuryPublished by: Maktabah al-Khanjī, Cairo, 1990 C.E.Edition Description: one volume; first editionComments: This is general book about the laws of 'ajj and Ùmrah.

HWTitle: Hans Wehr [English] Dictionary of Modern Standard ArabicAuthor: Hans Wehr and J.M. CowanAge Written: Within past centuryPublished by: Spoken Language Services, Inc., New YorkEdition Description: one volume small paperback; 1110 numbered pagesComments: This is a semi-reliable dictionary of the Arabic language for those whoseacademic language is English.

IATitle: 'I"kām al-'A"kām Sharh Tu"fah al-'ukkāmAuthor: Mu"ammad ibn Yusuf al-KāfīAge Written: About 600 years agoPublished by: Dar al-Kutub al-Ìlmiyyah, BeirutEdition Description: one slim hardcover volume; 310 numbered pagesComments: This is a trusted commentary on the Spanish scholar's, Abu Bakr ibnÀsim, Gift for the Judges metered verse text; this book is taught at Qarawayin University.

IDTitle: I"yā' Ùlūm al-DinAuthor: Abu al-Hamid al-GhazālīAge Written: Over 800 years agoPublished by: Dār al-Kitāb al-ÀrabīEdition Description: printed in 6 volumes; this edition also gives the universalreferences for the hadith that are narrated by al-Ghazāli; 3095 numbered pages excludingthe appendices and indices; the page number we refer to is that which counts from the verystart of the first volume.Comments: This is a book which contains a synopsis of many aspects of the din theProphet (May Allah bless him and give him peace) brought viewed from an illuminatedspiritual aspect

IHTitle: 'Īqā!* al-Himam Shar" al-'ikam al-À(ā'iyyahAuthor: A"mad ibn Mu"ammad ibn Àjībah al-'asanīAge Written: About 200 years agoPublished by: Dar al-FikrEdition Description: two volumes bound as one; another book is printed on thelower half of the page by the same author; this other book is an explanation of Ibn Bannaal-Sarqus(i's al-Mabahith al-Alasliyyah àn Jumlah al-Tarīq al-"ūfīyyah.Comments: This is a trusted commentary on brief compendium of spirituality writtenby Ibn À(ā'illah al-Iskandarī. The core text consists of short phrases that describe somepractical subject matter for those travelling the Path to Allah.

IKTitle: Tafsīr al-Qur'ān al-À!*īm li Ibn KathīrAuthor: Ìmād al-Dīn Abu Fadā' Ismā`īl ibn KathIrAge Written: Over 700 years agoPublished by: `Ālam al-Kutub in Beirut in 1413 A.H. / 1993 C.E.Edition Description: printed in 4 volumes; 1st volume has 573 numbered pagesComments: This is a trusted commentary on the Glorious Qur'ān in which the authorhas heavily relied on the verses of the Qur'ān themselves, sayings of the Prophet (MayAllah bless him and give him peace), and narrations from the early Muslims to perform anexegesis.

IUTitle: Ìlm al-'U#ūl al-FiqhAuthor: Àbd al-Wahhāb al-KhallāfAge Written: Within past centuryPublished by: Dar al-Qalam, CairoEdition Description: one volume; 236 numbered pagesComments: In this book the author summarizes the law derivation methods used by thetraditional scholars of our din.

JATitle: al-Jāmi` li A"kām al-Qur'ānAuthor: Imam al-Qur(ubi (Mu"ammad ibn A"mad ibn Abu Bakr ibn Farah)Age Written: Over 700 years agoPublished by: UnknownEdition Description: Multiple volumes; some bound volumes contain more thanone volumeComments: This is a trusted book which shows how the traditional scholars of our dinderived their laws from the Qur'an; this book is taught at Qarawayin University

JITitle: al-Jāmi` fī A"ādith al-`ĪbādātAuthor: Àbd al-"alām ibn Mu"ammad ibn ÙmarAge Written: Within Past CenturyPublished by: Dar ibn Hazm 1999Edition Description: three volumesComments: This is a book that gathers together Prophetic statements and actionsabout the common acts of worship.

KATitle: Kitāb al-Adhkār al-Nabawiyyah (al-Nawawiyyah)Author: Abu Zakariyyah Ya"yah ibn Sharaf al-NawawīAge Written: Over 600 years agoPublished by: Dar al-FikrEdition Description: one volume; 363 numbered pages before indicesComments: In this book, the author gathered the verbal remembrances that the Prophet(May Allah bless him and give him peace) used to make at various occasions. Thus, hecontributed to the preservation of this knowledge until the end of the world.

KFTitle: al-Khulā#ah al-FiqhiyyahAuthor: Muhammad al-Àrabi al-QarawiAge Written: Within past centuryPublished by: Dar al-Qalam, BeirutEdition Description: one volume; new easier edition 213 numbered pagesComments: The author has basically summarized Mukhtasar Khalil and Aqrab al-Masalik, two trusted sources of the Maliki school; this book is taught at QarawayinUniversity; this book is laid out in a question and answer format

KHTitle: al-Khurashī Àlā Mukhta#ar Sidī KhalīlAuthor: Muhammad al-Khurashī al-MalikiAge Written: Over 300 years ago.Published by: Dār al-Fikr; reprint of 1317 A.H. / 1900 C.E.Edition Description: 8 volumes bound as 4 volumes; each bound volume actuallycontains 2 volumes; 1st volume contains 356 numbered pages; the volume number we referto corresponds to the actual contextual volume number and not the bound volume number.Comments: This is a trusted commentary on Khalil ibn Is"āq's Concise Text; On themargins there is a commentary on Khurashi's words given by Àlī al-Àdawī. When werefer to Khurashi's internal commentary, we prefix an 'I' to the line number and when werefer to al-Àdawi's marginal commentary, we prefix a 'M' to the line number.

LMTitle: al-Lu'lu' wa al-Marjān Fīmā t-tafaqa àlayhi al-ShaykhānAuthor: Mu"ammad Fu'ād Àbd al-BāqīAge Written: About two hundred years agoPublished by: Dar al-FikrEdition Description: three volumes; first volume has 250 numbered pagesComments: This a excellent book for beginners interested in studying the primarytexts that gathers together the common hadith of "a"ī" Muslim and "a"ī" Bukhāri.Additionally, there is much useful information in the footnote commentary A total of 1906hadith are listed.

MATitle: Matn Ibn `ĀshirAuthor: A"mad ibn Àlī ibn Àbd al-Wa"id ibn `ĀshirAge Written: About 700 years ago.Published by: Maktabah al-Wa"dah alÀrabiyyah in 1989 C.E.Edition Description: One slim paperback volume; 32 numbered pagesComments: This pamphlet first gives all 314 lines of Ibn Àshir' text al-Murshid al-Mu`īn and then explains briefly how to perform wet ablution and the formal prayeraccording to the Maliki school; this pamphlet ends with the famous Jibra'il hadith about thethree parts of din that is narrated in "a"ī" Muslim.

MFTitle: Marāqi al-Falā" bi 'Imdād al-Fatta" Sharh Nūr al-'Ī!ā"Author: 'asan ibn Àmmār ibn Àlī al-SharanbalālīAge Written: A few hundred years agoPublished by: Maktabah Dār al-Bāz, MakkahEdition Description: one volume; only 278 numbered pagesComments: This is an explanation of the basic 'anafiī core text, al-Nūr al-'Ī!ā". Wenarrated opinions from this book that conform to the Maliki school when it was difficult tofind a written excerpt from a Maliki book that covered what we learned from the livetraditional Maliki scholars under whom we studied.

MKTitle: al-Mudawwanah al-Kubrā (wa maàhā Muqaddimāt Ibn Rushd)Author: Sa"nūn Sa`īd al-TanūkhīAge Written: Over 1100 years agoPublished by: Dār al-Fikr in 1411 A.H. / 1991 C.E.Edition Description: 4 volumes; 1st volume contains 434 numbered pagesexcluding index.Comments: This is the original core text of the Māliki School of Jurisprudence; allsubsequent books about Maliki Fiqh have been based partially or totally on this originalwork which contains the written transcript of many question and answer sessions of ImamMalik's student Àbd al-Ra"mān ibn Qāsim with Sa"nūn Sa`īd al-Tanūkhī; Ibn Rushd'snotes about the points in the Mudawwanah are printed on the lower half of the pagewithout any direct coordination with the text at the top of the page.

MMTitle: Majmū` Muhimmāt al-MutūnAuthor: There are multiple authors quoted in this book; we have narrated sectionswritten by Ibrāhīm al-Bayjūrī, Muhammad ibn Yūsuf al-Sunūsī al-'usaynī, Ibrāhīm ibnHārūn al-Laqqāni, and Àbd al-Ra"mān al-Akh!arī)Age Written: Most of the texts quoted range from over 600 years ago to over 100years ago.Published by: Dar al-Kutub alÌlmiyyah in Beirut in 1994 C.E.Edition Description: one volume; 518 numbered pagesComments: This is a collection of 66 authentic secondary core texts written bymultiple authors in disparate time periods and about differing subjects. This is a trustedbook which is taught at Qarawayin University

MWTitle: al-Muwa((a' al-Imām MalikAuthor: Malik ibn Anas ibn Abu `Āmir al-A#ba"īAge Written: Over 1200 years agoPublished by: Idārah al-Nashriyāt al-IslāmEdition Description: one volume; 702 numbered pagesComments: This is the most famous book that Imam Malik wrote; although to theundiscerning reader, this may look like a regular hadith book or a rudimentary fiqh manual,it is much more than that; it is the first book that divided up the study of Jurisprudence intodistinct chapters; it is provable that the formal study of Jurisprudence would not have beenpossible (even outside the Maliki school) had not this work or a similar work been written(as people would be unable to learn and teach the complex laws without any basicframework that logically divided up the material); all subsequent books aboutJurisprudence up until our time (including the Guiding Helper) are organized in almostexactly the same manner as the Muwa((ah. This provision of a basic framework to workwith has been and currently is the role of the Muwattah in regards to Jurisprudence.However, the Muwattah never was and currently is not considered a comprehensive bookof hadith or a practical fiqh manual (such as the Guiding Helper) that one can follow; thosewho find in the Muwattah evidence that contradicts the sayings of the later Maliki scholarsshould not jump to the conclusion that Imam Malik held an opinion different from his laterfollowers. Imam Malik never intended the written Muwattah to act as a fiqh manual.Rather, he verbally taught the knowledge of Jurisprudence to his students who accuratelyrecorded his positions later. It is from the later narration and recording of his verbalstatements that the Maliki school derives its material and not solely from his written wordsin the Muwattah.

NNTitle: al-Nukhbah al-Nubhāniyyah Shar" al-BayqūniyyahAuthor: Mu"ammad ibn Khalīfah ibn 'amd al-MūsāAge Written: About one hundred years agoPublished by: Mu#(afah al-Bābā al-'albā wa Awlāduh, Cairo, 1938 C.E. : 1357 A.H.Edition Description: one slim paperback volume; 54 numbered pagesComments: This is an explanation of the Hadith Terminology text al-Bayqūniyyah

QFTitle: al-Qawānīn al-FiqhiyyahAuthor: Ibn Juzayy al-KalbiAge Written: Over 600 years agoPublished by: Dar al-Fikr, BeirutEdition Description: one volume; new cleaner edition 387 numbered pagesComments: This is a trusted book which compares the Maliki school with the otherschools of Jurisprudence; this book is taught at Qarawayin University

QMTitle: al-Qāmūs al-Mu"ī(Author: Majd al-Din Mu"ammad ibn Ya`qūb al-FayrūzābādīAge Written: Over 600 years agoPublished by: Mu'assasah al-Risalah, BeirutEdition Description: All four volumes of the original dictionary have been boundas one single think dictionary-type two-column-layout book; 1872 numbered pagesComments: This is an amazing summary of a ninety plus volume dictionary of theArabic Language known as al-Tāj alÙrūs

QUTitle: al-Qur'ān al-KarīmAuthor: Allah Most HighAge Revealed: Revealed to Prophet Muhammad (May Allah bless him and give himpeace) about fourteen hundred years agoPublished by: Dar al-Ùlum al-Qur'ān, Damascus, SyriaEdition Description: one volume; 15 lines on a page, 604 pages excludingintroduction and appendices.Comments: This copy of the Qur'an follows the exact same format and layout as themillions of Qur'ans produced in the Arabian Peninsula during the last fifty years, whichhave found their ways to the ends of the world. This Qur'an is in the popular 'af# readingand follows the verse number conventions of the Qur'ans issued from the Arabian

Peninsula.

QWTitle: al-Mu`jam (al-Qāmūs) al-WajīzAuthor: Main Editor was Ibrāhim MadkūrAge Written: Within past centuryPublished by: Sharikah al-'I`lānāt al-SharqiyyahEdition Description: one volume; 687 numbered pagesComments: This is a useful brief Arabic-to-Arabic; it contains some illustrativediagrams also.

SATitle: Sharh al-Hikam al-À(a'iyyah li Ibn Àbbād al-RundīAuthor: Ma"ammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Ma`rūf bi Ibn ÀbbādAge Written: Over 600 years ago.Published by: Sharikah Maktabah wa Ma(baàh Mus(afā al-Bābā al-'albā, Egypt in1939 C.E.Edition Description: two volumes bound as one; 112 numbered pages in eachvolume; there is another explanation of the Hikam printed on the margins by Sheikh al-SharqāwīComments: This is a famous commentary on Ibn Àta'illah al-Iskandari's collection of264 wise sayings about the Path to Allah; the author was the imam of Qarawayin masjid inhis time; additionally, the author was the star student of Ibn Àshir.

SMTitle: "a"ī" Muslim by Imam MuslimTranslator: Abul Hamid SiddiqiAge Written: This past century.Published by: Nusrat Ali Nasri for Kitab Bhavan, IndiaEdition Description: 7th Edition in four volumesComments: This translation of Sahih Muslim has some useful footnote commentary.

SMTitle: Sharh Sullam al-MunawraqiAuthor: al-Shaykh al-Mulawwī Ahmad ibn Àbd al-Fattā"Age Written: About one hundred years agoPublished by: Sharikah al-Maktabah Ma(baàh Muhammad Àlī "abī" wa Awlāduh,Cairo, EgyptEdition Description: one volume; second edition; 78 numbered pagesComments: This is an explanation of Àbd al-Rahman al-Akhdari's famous Logictext, which he wrote at age twenty-one.

TFTitle: al-Tanbih al-Fikr ilā 'aqīqah al-DhikrAuthor: Mu"ammad Adīb KalkalAge Written: Within past centuryPublished by: Maktabah al-Àrabiyyah, DamascusEdition Description: one volume; 224 numbered pagesComments: This is a contemporary book that illustrates that remembering Allahverbally and in the heart is traceable back to authentic sources in our din.

UFTitle: U#ūl al-Fiqh al-IslāmīAuthor: al-Daktūr Wahbah al-Za"īlī, Professor at Damascus UniversityAge Written: Within past centuryPublished by: Dar al-Fikr, DamascusEdition Description: two volumes; first volume has 728 numbered pagesComments: In this book, this contemporary scholar of our time does a magnificentjob at gathering together the derivation methods for specific laws in our din used bytraditional scholars such as Imam Malik, Imam al-ShāfiÌ, and Imam Abu 'anīfah. Mostof the information we narrate in the notes for Song 4: The Legal Rulings is taken from thenarrated views of the Maliki scholars in this excellent book. Sheikh Àli al-Fīlālī himselfhand-picked this and many other of the books listed in this Table of References.

Notes of Sources for Explanatory Text

1

In the Name of Allah, the Merciful, the Powerful(Last revised November 29, 2001)

© The Guiding Helper Foundation 2001General and unrestricted permission for the altered1 or unaltered duplication of this text is granted.

(In plain English: Make as many copies as you want for free.Additionally, you can improve on this work by publishing a more polished version.)

1 2Guiding Helper Footnote #1

Excerpt:3

Proof(s):4

5[P6: QU7:8 volume 19: page 110: line(s) 311: {al -Qur'an, chapter 1, verse 212}]

1 Unlike the Guiding Helper Main Text and Guiding Helper Explanatory Notes which we do not want anybody to alter, we highlyencourage those of the present and future to produce their own version of these notes of sources giving even more secondary andprimary proofs to back up the positions that we narrate and we pray that Allah gives such good-intending people a myriad of pleasantexperiences in this world and the next.2 This heading informs readers of the line number of the Guiding Helper that is being backed up with secondary and/or primary textevidence.3 For purposes of brevity, the actual footnote excerpt text is not shown in this draft version. You may find the actual footnote text byreferring to the Guiding Helper Explanatory Notes book.4 The second section of each heading holds the source locating notation for the secondary and/or primary text evidence for the subjectmatter discussed in the footnote being backed up. No translation is given in this draft version.5 The source locating notation that we are using in this book has six distinct parts to it.6 The first part of the source locating notation informs you if whether the source corresponds to a primary text or a secondary text. Ifthe source locating notation corresponds to a primary text (i.e. Qur'an or Hadith), a 'P' is listed; if it corresponds to a secondary text(i.e. saying of an authentic scholar), an 'S' is listed.7 The second part of the source locating notation consists of two capital letters which stand for one of the books listed in the Table ofReferences shown in the Foreword. (just before this page). These two capital letters indicate from which book the above excerpt wastranslated from. [In this case (i.e. QU), the book is the Qur'an.]8 The six parts of the source locating notation are each separated by a colon and then a space (i.e. ": ").9 The third part of the source locating notation displays the volume number in which the translated excerpt appears in the specificpublished edition listed in the Table of References. If there is only one volume for a particular work, volume 1 is shown.10 The fourth part of the source locating notation shows the page number in which the translated excerpt appears in the specificpublished edition listed in the Table of References. In this case, the page number is 2.11 The fifth part of the source locating notation shows the exact line number(s) in which the translated excerpt appears in the specificpublished edition listed in the Table of References. In this case, the line number is 4.When counting lines, we have started at the top below the header and have counted all lines which contain letters or words on them(including titles of chapters and sections).Additionally, for those weird books which have books nested within them, we have used an 'I' to indicate that the internal book's linenumber is being quoted and 'M' to denote that the number corresponds to the marginal notes.12 The sixth and last part of the source locating notation is enclosed in curly braces and holds the edition-independent locating notationof the translated excerpt. This needs to be done because many publishing houses in the Arabic world often print the exact same book

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in a totally different format. Thus, volume numbers, page numbers, and line numbers are useless to people who hold the same bookpublished by a different company.The edition-independent locating notation tries to give contextual hints on finding the excerpt which is being quoted. In this case, theexcerpt is from verse number 2 counting from the start of Ibn Àshir's text. Thus, people who do not have the specific publishededition that we are referring to can still find the translated excerpt in its original Arabic form.If readers feel that the primary or secondary textual evidence which we narrate is insufficient or inappropriate, then they still should notjump to the conclusion that no such primary or secondary textual evidence exists. The most probable cause of such a weak proof isinadequate resources available to us at the time of writing these Notes of Sources.Those of the future are requested to search for and find better and more appropriate primary and secondary textual proofs for the pointsof the Guiding Helper and produce their own polished versions of these particular Notes of Sources; and we pray to Allah to give suchpeople tremendous pleasurable things and experiences in this world and in the next for engaging in such work (even if their efforts donot bear fruit in this world).Additionally, we kindly ask those of the future to refrain from narrating evidence in their version of these Notes which disproves orgoes against a point mentioned in the Guiding Helper as such will just cause discord and confusion for the masses and is not of muchbenefit. The people who find contradictory evidence should trust that the scholars whom we have quoted were aware of such evidence,but knew better. Such people should also remember that Allah accepts acts that are sincerely done for Him based upon what an expertscholar (e.g., Imam Malik) has said even if his opinion was in actuality incorrect.If the source locating notation for a primary text translation does not consist of five parts, it is because we did not have the resourcesavailable (e.g., time) to produce such notation. We hope that those of the future will engage in such polishing of these Notes ofSources that we have made available and produce their own editions; and again we pray to Allah to give such people tremendous,enormous, colossal, and huge rewards in this world and in the next for engaging in such work (even if their efforts do not bear fruit inthis world).For some hadiths acting as primary textual evidence, we have listed the source locating notation for a popular book in which the hadithappears and then have listed the authentic collection in which the hadith appears. Thus, people who do not have the authenticcollection or a concordance to the authentic collections can still find the hadith in the popular book which we have listed.You will notice that the original Arabic of the primary or secondary text is not shown in these Notes of Sources. The main reason forthis is that we currently do not have the time to engage in such manual entering of Arabic letters into the computer word processor.Those of the future may wish to produce editions of these Notes which show the original Arabic along with the translation. However,people who know Arabic can easily find the original excerpts in the widely available published books that we refer to.


3

2 Guiding Helper Footnote #2

Excerpt:

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[P: QU: volume 1: page x: line(s) x: {al -Qur'an, chapter 22, verse 54}]


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[P: QU: volume 1: page x: line(s) x: {al -Qur'an, chapter 72, verse 13-15}]


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[S: DT: volume 1: page 11: line(s) 19-21: { }]

[S: HM: volume 1: page 10: line(s) 14-15: { }]

[P: JA: volume 1: page 141: hadith 511: {al-Tabarani #10439}]


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[S: QF: volume 1: page 98: line(s) 20: { }]

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[S: QF: volume 1: page 6: line(s) 17-18: { }]


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[S: DT: volume 1: page 16: line(s) 18-20, 25: { }]


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5

[S: DT: volume 1: page 17: line(s) 12, 19-20: { }]


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[S: MK: volume 1: page 15: line(s) 8-10: { }]





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[S: DT: volume 1: page 18-19: line(s) a.15u-b.4: { }]


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[S: SA: volume 1: page 53: line(s) 5-7: { }]

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[S: MM: volume 1: page 70: line(s) 20: { }]


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[S: MM: volume 1: page 19: line(s) 2: { }]


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[S: MM: volume 1: page 32: line(s) 12-13: { }]


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7

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[S: MM: volume 1: page 32: line(s) 14-16: { }]


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[S: MM: volume 1: page 32: line(s) 19: { }] [S: MM: volume 1: page 33: line(s) 1: { }]


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[S: DT: volume 1: page 20: line(s) 19: { }]


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9


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[S: KH: volume 8: page 78: line(s) 9: { }]


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[S: QF: volume 1: page 15: line(s) 12: { }]



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Documents

The Guiding Helper - Notes of Sources of Explanatory Notes