THE GREAT THE GREAT WARWAR

WORLD WAR IWORLD WAR I

A Close Family TreeA Close Family TreeQueen Queen

VictoriaVictoria

of England -of England -Grand Mother Grand Mother

to royalty of to royalty of

Europe Europe

(German States, England, Denmark, Russia and more)(German States, England, Denmark, Russia and more)

The Intertwining Royal Families The Intertwining Royal Families of Europeof Europe

Queen Victoria (1819-1901)Queen Victoria (1819-1901)

Victoria m. Frederick III (Prussia) Alice m. Louis of Hesse Edward VIIVictoria m. Frederick III (Prussia) Alice m. Louis of Hesse Edward VII

6 6 othersothers

Kaiser Wilhelm IIKaiser Wilhelm II Nicholas II Nicholas II m. Alexandram. Alexandra King George VKing George V

King George V Tsar Nicholas IIKing George V Tsar Nicholas II

Background CausesBackground CausesNationalismNationalism Self-Self-

DeterminationDetermination Pan-SlavismPan-Slavism

ImperialismImperialism Economic Economic

competitioncompetition

The Background The Background Continued…Continued…MilitarismMilitarism

Bismarck,Bismarck,

Clausewitz &Clausewitz &

The Kaiser The Kaiser

System of System of AlliancesAlliances-Allies Vs. -Allies Vs.

Central PowersCentral Powers

Kaiser Wilhelm II Kaiser Wilhelm II Reviewing the TroopsReviewing the Troops

The Allied Powers (Allies)The Allied Powers (Allies)

France, France, England, England, Russia Russia (later Italy and (later Italy and

the United the United States)States)

ENGLISH SOLDIER

FRENCH SOLDIER

RUSSIAN OFFICER

The Central PowersThe Central Powers

Germans, Germans, Austro-Austro-Hungarians Hungarians and the and the Ottoman Ottoman EmpireEmpire

German Pickelhaube

AUSTRIAN SOLDIER

OTTOMAN SOLDIER

The SparkThe SparkGavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip and the Black and the Black HandHand

Archduke Archduke Franz Franz FerdinandFerdinand

The Assassination The Assassination and the Arrestand the Arrest

Franz Ferdinand’s FuneralFranz Ferdinand’s Funeral

The Pieces Fall into PlaceThe Pieces Fall into Place

The Schlieffen PlanThe Schlieffen Plan --Anticipate Anticipate French French

Border Border DefenseDefense

--Anticipate Anticipate Long Long

Russian Russian Prep Time Prep Time

Schlieffen Plan ContinuedSchlieffen Plan Continued

England, with England, with

no Landing no Landing

Area, would Area, would sue for peacesue for peace

France & UK France & UK gone, can gone, can

now focus on now focus on RussiaRussia

Germany enters Belgium…Germany enters Belgium…

The Plans falls ApartThe Plans falls Apart The Battle The Battle of the of the

MarneMarne

Taxis to the RescueTaxis to the Rescue

The Plan Falls Apart, Part IIThe Plan Falls Apart, Part II

German Victory German Victory at Tannenburgat Tannenburg A Devastating A Devastating

VictoryVictory Pulls Germany Pulls Germany

into vacuum, into vacuum, ends holding ends holding maneuvermaneuver

"It's an honour to make such a sacrifice for our allies" - Nicholas II

Russian Prisoners at TannenburgRussian Prisoners at Tannenburg

The Race to the Sea & The Race to the Sea & Stalemate Stalemate

Trench Trench

WarfareWarfare

German troops make trenchesGerman troops make trenches

New Horrors of WarNew Horrors of War

The TankThe Tank At the Somme, UK At the Somme, UK

Machine GunsMachine Guns

New BattleshipsNew Battleships

French 75 Gun, 1914French 75 Gun, 1914

More Horrors of War…More Horrors of War…

U-BoatsU-Boats

AirplanesAirplanes

And Even More Horrors!!!And Even More Horrors!!!

Poison GasPoison Gas

Flame ThrowersFlame Throwers

GrenadesGrenades

The Western FrontThe Western Front

Verdun Verdun German German

OffensiveOffensive

SommeSomme UK & FrenchUK & French

Christmas, 1914Christmas, 1914• German and

British soldiers fraternizing in No Man's Land, Christmas 1914

The Eastern FrontThe Eastern Front

GallipoliGallipoli Russia failingRussia failing Promise of the Promise of the

DardanellesDardanelles

Mustafa Kemal Mustafa Kemal AtaturkAtaturk

On the SeasOn the SeasUK Blockade of UK Blockade of GermanyGermany

U-BoatsU-Boats

Sussex Sussex

PledgePledge

Russia Defeated - 1917Russia Defeated - 1917February February RevolutionRevolution Nicholas IINicholas II

abdicatesabdicates

October October RevolutionRevolution Sealed TrainSealed Train Treaty of Treaty of

Brest-LitovskBrest-Litovsk

Total WarTotal War Governments use all Governments use all

tools in their societies tools in their societies to fight:to fight: ConscriptionConscription RationingRationing CensoringCensoring Women in businessWomen in business Colonies (freedom?)Colonies (freedom?)

War Crimes in ArmeniaWar Crimes in ArmeniaOttoman Turks fear Ottoman Turks fear Armenian support of Armenian support of Russia (Christian V Islam)Russia (Christian V Islam)

The solution: men, women The solution: men, women and children marched into and children marched into the desert till dead from the desert till dead from exposure and dehydrationexposure and dehydration

1915-19181915-1918

1.5 Million Dead1.5 Million Dead

Enter the AmericansEnter the Americans

Zimmermann Zimmermann TelegramTelegram

Unrestricted Unrestricted Sub WarfareSub Warfare LusitaniaLusitania

April 2, 1917April 2, 1917

The Tide TurnsThe Tide TurnsThe US & the The US & the Convoy SystemConvoy System

Doughboys tip Doughboys tip scales, Germans scales, Germans deep into their deep into their reserves…reserves…

Ottomans and Ottomans and Austrians surrenderAustrians surrender

The End of the WarThe End of the WarFailed German Failed German OffensiveOffensiveAmericans and Americans and Allies push Allies push Germany to its Germany to its borders…borders…Armistice Armistice 11/11 at 11 am11/11 at 11 am in 1918in 1918

Clemenceau, Orlando, Lloyd-George & Wilson

A New Map of EuropeA New Map of EuropeVersailles & Versailles &

The 14 PointsThe 14 Points The Big 4The Big 4 Poland, the Poland, the

Baltic States,Baltic States, Finland, Ireland,Finland, Ireland,Czechoslovakia…Czechoslovakia…

The LeagueThe League of Nationsof Nations

Results of the WarResults of the WarThe numbersThe numbers:: 24 Million + dead24 Million + dead

(more civilians (15) (more civilians (15) than soldiers (9) !!!)than soldiers (9) !!!)

21 million+ wounded21 million+ wounded

NationalismNationalism-Sykes-Picot deal,1916-Sykes-Picot deal,1916

CommunismCommunismGerman AngerGerman AngerUS THE world powerUS THE world power