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The Great Depression and the Causes of World War II
1929-1939
Objective
To understand the causes of the Great Depression To understand the effects of the Great Depression To understand how each country reacted to the
Great Depression To understand how Adolf Hitler came to power To understand the causes of World War II
The Great Depression
The 1920s were a period of economic prosperity In Europe and the United States
Role of US
Fragile prosperity
“Dude, where’s my car?”
American Economic Expansion during the 1920s
Consumer Debt in the 1920s
The Crash of 1929
Major selling of stocks in Wall Street
Stock Market crash in Wall Street October 29, 1929
The Great Depression
Massive shutdown of businesses
Massive global unemployment in US, Europe, and elsewhere
Economic collapse threatened payments of reparations
The Great Depression
Britain Coalition government formed
2.5 million unemployed by 1931
Abandons the gold standard
Raises tariffs
The Great Depression
France Affected France in 1931
Social and Political Paralysis
The Great Depression
The United States Expanded role of federal government
The New Deal under Franklin Roosevelt
The Great Depression in the US and Europe
The Great Depression
Germany
Depression weakened support for the Weimar Republic
Torn between Communists and Nazis
Germany
1932 Elections held in 1932
Hitler appointed Chancellor on January 30, 1933
Germany
Hitler consolidates his power in 1933 Reichstag fire, February 27, 1933
Enabling Act passed March 23, 1933
Nazi Rally
Germany
Hitler eliminates internal competition “Night of the Long Knives”
Hitler becomes both President and Chancellor on August 2, 1934
Germany
Hitler and Anti-Semitism “Stab in the Back Theory”
Nuremberg laws (1935)
Germany
Hitler’s Economic Policies Tax breaks for families
Heavy government spending on public works to eliminate unemployment
Italy
Mussolini and Fascists take over Italy in 1922 One-party state
Fascists made deal with big business
Signs agreement with the Vatican in 1929
Soviet Union
Centralized Planning Stalin takes over Soviet Union after Lenin’s Death
New Economic Policy discarded
Heavy industrialization begins
Collectivization of agriculture
“Let’s all get to work, Comrades!”
Soviet Union
Stalin’s Purges (1936-38) Stalin eliminates potential rivals
Millions of people arrested, deported, executed, or disappeared
Causes of World War II
Hitler begins to scrap Versailles after 1933 Rearms Germany past limits permitted by
Versailles
Hitler remilitarizes the Rhineland in 1935
Critics of Appeasement
Causes of World War II
Appeasement British came to the conclusion that Treaty of
Versailles was unfair
France goes along with Britain
Causes of World War II
Hitler redraws Germany’s borders Austria (1938)
Czechoslovakia
German Takeover of Austria
Causes of World War II
Munich Conference Sudetenland Question
British Prime Minister Chamberlain agrees to let Hitler have Sudetenland
“I have brought peace for our time.”
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain returning from the Munich Conference in 1938
Causes of World War II
Hitler breaks his promise
Hitler sets his sights on Poland
Hitler and Mussolini
Conclusion
The Great Depression affects Europe and the United States
The Great Depression causes countries to look at other alternatives
The Great Depression leads to rise of Hitler and the Nazis
Hitler scrapped the Treaty of Versailles British appease Hitler in hopes of getting him to
cooperate Hitler breaks his promises and begins World War II