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The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewer Guide
“Ourgoalsaretohelpmorepeoplebecomeawareofthreatstograywhales,toencouragedecision
makerstoprotectthesewhalesandtopromotemorescientificresearchonmarinemammals.…
Inthisway,wecanultimatelypassontothenextgenerationsomethingthatisasgoodas-
ifnotbetterthan-whatwefound.”—Jean-MichelCousteau
SYNOPSISInThe Gray Whale Obstacle Course,Jean-MichelCousteauandtheOceanAdventuresteamtravelthelengthofthegraywhales'migrationroute.TheybegininthewarmwatersofMagdalenaBayinBajaCalifornia,Mexico,wherethegraywhalesgivebirth,nursetheircalves,restandplaybeforetheirlongjourneynorth.Thetripendsinthenutrient-richfeedinggroundsoftheBeringSeainAlaska.Theteamsearchesforcluesaboutthisresilientspeciestogainabetterunderstandingoftheincreasingchallenges,bothnaturalandman-made,thatgraywhalesfacealongtheway.
PRE-VIEWING ACTIVITIES• Brainstormallthewaysyoucanthinkofthatscientistscancollect
dataandtrackwhere,whenandhowgraywhalesmigrate.• Makealistofalltheharmfulandnonharmfulwaysthathumans
usetheoceanstoday.• ExploretheinteractivemigrationmaponThe Gray Whale
Obstacle Courseepisodepage.Discusstheconceptofoceanbasinsandlearninwhichoceanbasinthegraywhalemigrationtakesplace.
• ReadthedetailedepisodedescriptiononThe Gray Whale Obstacle Courseepisodepage.Payparticularattentiontothevocabularywords,andrecordanddefinethemontheOceanVocabularySheet.
FOCUS FOR VIEWING• UseThe Gray Whale Obstacle Course ViewingQuestionsthat
gowiththesegmentsyouwatch.
THEMEEducationandinvestigationofwhaleadaptationstonaturalandman-mademigrationobstacles
VIEWING TIMEOnehourtotal;viewinginshortersegmentsisrecommended
OBJECTIVESStudentswillbeableto• understandthehuman
activitiesthatimpactgraywhalemigrationandfoodsupply.
• identifyadaptationsthathelpthegraywhaletosurvive.
• learnabouttechniquesthathumanshavedevelopedinordertocollectdataandtrackwhalemigration.
• understandhowglobalwarmingeffectsgraywhales.
MATERIALS• OceanVocabularySheet
(studenthandout#1)• The Gray Whale Obstacle
Course ViewingQuestions(studenthandout#2)
• The Gray Whale Obstacle Course ViewingQuestionsWithAnswers(teachersheet)
• CopyofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseepisodeoftheJean‑Michel Cousteau: Ocean Adventures series
The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewer Guide �
WEB LINKSFoundatpbs.org/oceanadventures/episodes/whales• The Gray Whale Obstacle
Course episodedescription• TracetheMigrationInteractive• NavigatingtheLongWay
Homearticle• Tag,You’reIt!Trackingthe
GrayWhaleJourney• WhaleWatchergameFoundatpbs.org/oceanadventures/educators/whales• WhaleWatchergame
lessonplan• GrayWhaleAdaptations
lessonplan• GrayWhalesonthe
Movelessonplan• SanIgnacioLagoon
lessonplan
STANDARDSNational Science Education Standards Grades 5–8http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4962.html
Life Science – Content Standard C:PopulationsandecosystemsInterdependenceoforganismsBehavioroforganisms
Science and Technology – Content Standard E:Understandingaboutscienceandtechnology
Science in Personal and Social Perspectives – Content Standard F:NaturalresourcesEnvironmentalqualityPopulations,resourcesandenvironmentsNaturalandhuman-inducedhazardsScienceandtechnologyinsociety
FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES • Makeacollageshowingeither(1)allthedifferentwaysthat
whaleshaveadaptedtotheirenvironmentor(2)thetoolsthatresearchersusetostudyandcollectdataongraywhales.UsepicturesfromtheOcean AdventuresWebsitetohelp.
• ResearchontheInternetoratthelibrarytofindoutwhereallofthesaltminesoftheworldarelocated,thenmapthem.
• ReadtheTag,You’reIt!articleonThe Gray Whale Obstacle Course episodepage.Findoutmoreabouthowsatellitesareusedtostudywhalemigration.
• Howdograywhalesfindtheirwayonthemigrationroute?UsetheNavigatingtheLongWayHomereadingonThe Gray Whale Obstacle Course episodepagetodiscovertheirsecrets.
• PlaytheWhaleWatchergamewithyourstudents.Usetheaccompanyinglessonplanforhelp.
SEGMENT SUGGESTIONSNOTE:TheindicatedtimingsareapproximateandarebasedonthePBSbroadcast;homevideoversionsmaydifferslightly.
Theme: Adaptations
Location in The Gray Whale Obstacle Course: Feeding(3:36-6:30);MagdalenaBay (6:33-8:50);killerwhales (19:50-27:30);DepotBay (29:20-36:44);acousticpollution (41:36-44:59)
Pre-Viewing Questions • Whatdoyouthinkwhaleseatfornutritionalvalue?• Howdograywhalesfeedandhowmuchfooddoyouthinkthey
need?• Whatkindofenvironmentalpollutiondoyouthinkaffectswhales
duringtheirmigration?• Whydoyouthinkorcasarealsocalledkillerwhales?
Focus for Viewing • Forfeeding,usequestions6through12fromthe"Feeding"
sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.• ForMagdalenaBay,usequestions6through8fromthe
"MagdalenaBay"sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.
• Forkillerwhales,usequestions3through10fromthe"Killerwhales"sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.
• ForDepotBay,usequestions3and8fromthe"DepotBay"sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.
• Foracousticpollution,usequestions1through4fromthe"Acousticpollution"sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.
The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewer Guide �
Post-Viewing Discussion Questions • Listthekindsofpollutionthatthegraywhalesfaceduringtheir
migration.• Whydokillerwhalesworktogetherwhiletheyfeedonthegray
whales?• Describetheadaptationsofgraywhalesrelatedtofeedingand
migration.
Follow-up Activity • UsetheGrayWhaleAdaptationslessonplantohelpyour
studentsexplorethedifferentadaptationsthathelpgraywhalessurvive.Labgroupscaninvestigatehowsoundtravelsunderwater,replicatehowblubberkeepsmarineanimalswarmandsimulatecommonfeedingmethodsofwhales.
• ConductlibraryorInternetresearchandwriteareportonaspecificwhalespecies.Writeaboutitsphysicalattributes,behaviors,migrationpatterns,andfeedingandmatinghabits.
Theme: Migration
Location in The Gray Whale Obstacle Course: Introduction(2:23-5:27); MagdalenaBay (6:33-8:50);satellitetagging (12:00-15:50);whalewatching (15:51-19:48);photoI.D. (36:45-41:35)
Pre-Viewing Questions• Describeallthedifferentwaysthatyouthinkresearcherscan
trackandcollectdataonhowmanywhalesareactuallyintheocean.
• Whatkindsoftechnologydoyouthinkareusedtostudywhalemigration?
• Whydoyouthinkwhales(orotheranimals)needtomigrate?Whydopeoplemove?
Focus for Viewing:• Fortheintroduction,usequestions1through4fromthe
"Introduction"sectionofTheGray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.
• ForMagdalenaBay,usequestions1through3fromthe"MagdalenaBay"sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.
• Forsatellitetagging,usequestions1through9fromthe"Satellitetagging"sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.
• Forwhalewatching,usequestions4through7fromthe"Whalewatching"sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.
• ForphotoI.D.,usequestions1through4fromthe"PhotoI.D."sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.
Science As Inquiry – Content Standard A:AbilitiesnecessarytodoscientificinquiryUnderstandingaboutscientificinquiry
Ocean Literacy: Essential Principles and Fundamental Conceptshttp://coexploration.org/oceanliteracy/
Essential Principle #1:Earth has one big ocean with many features.a. Theoceanisthedominant
physicalfeatureonourplanetEarth,coveringapproximately70percentoftheplanet'ssurface.Thereisoneoceanwithmanyoceanbasins,suchastheNorthPacific,SouthPacific,NorthAtlantic,SouthAtlantic,IndianandArctic.
h. Althoughtheoceanislarge,itisfiniteanditsresourcesarelimited.
Essential Principle # 5: The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.i. Estuariesprovideimportant
andproductivenurseryareasformanymarineandaquaticspecies.
Essential Principle #6: The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.b. Fromtheoceanwegetfoods,
medicines,andmineralandenergyresources.Inaddition,itprovidesjobs,supportsournation'seconomy,servesasahighwayfortransportationofgoodsandpeople,andplaysaroleinnationalsecurity.
The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewer Guide �
c. Theoceanisasourceofinspiration,recreation,rejuvenationanddiscovery.Itisalsoanimportantelementintheheritageofmanycultures.
e. Humansaffecttheoceaninavarietyofways.Laws,regulationsandresourcemanagementaffectwhatistakenoutofandputintotheocean.Humandevelopmentandactivityleadstopollution(pointsource,nonpointsourceandnoisepollution)andphysicalmodifications(changestobeaches,shoresandrivers).Inaddition,humanshaveremovedmostofthelargevertebratesfromtheocean.
g. Everyoneisresponsibleforcaringfortheocean.TheoceansustainslifeonEarth,andhumansmustliveinwaysthatsustaintheocean.Individualandcollectiveactionsareneededinordertoeffectivelymanageoceanresourcesforall.
Essential Principle #7: The ocean is largely unexplored.c. Overthelast40years,useof
oceanresourceshasincreasedsignificantly;thereforethefutureofsustainabilityofoceanresourcesdependsonourunderstandingofthoseresourcesandtheirpotentialandlimitations.
d. Newtechnologies,sensorsandtoolsareexpandingourabilitytoexploretheocean.Oceanscientistsarerelyingmoreandmoreonsatellites,drifters,buoys,subseaobservationsandunmannedsubmersibles.
Post-Viewing Discussion Questions • Whatroledoscientistsplayinhelpingtoprotectthegraywhale
population?• Listspecificdata-collectiontechniquesthatresearchersareusing
todaytoinvestigategraywhales.• Whataresomepossibleexplanationsforthedisappearanceof
one-thirdofthegraywhalepopulation?
Follow-up Activity • UsetheGrayWhalesontheMovelessonplantodeepenyour
students'knowledgeandunderstandingofwhere,whenandwhywhalesmigrateandalsotoexpandonyourstudents'map-readingskills.
• UsetheTracetheMigrationinteractiveonThe Gray Whale Obstacle Course episodeWebpagetofindoutmoreaboutwhathappensalongthemigrationroute.Createyourownmapillustratingthehazardsthewhalesfaceontheirjourney.
• Drawillustrationsoffourdifferentspeciesofwhalesandcomparethemanydifferentattributesthatareuniquetoeachwhale.
Theme: Calving grounds
Location in The Gray Whale Obstacle Course: SanIgnacioLagoon (9:00-11:59); MagdalenaBay (6:33-8:50)Pre-Viewing Questions• Whatareallthethingsababygraywhaleneedsfromitsmother?• Describehowyouthinksaltisminedfromtheoceans.
Focus for Viewing • FortheSanIgnacioLagoon,usequestions2through6from
the"SanIgnacio"sectionofTheGray Whale Obstacle Course ViewingQuestions.
• ForMagdalenaBay,usequestions1through5fromthe"MagdalenaBay"sectionofTheGray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.
Post-Viewing Discussion Questions • Whatdoyouthinkasaltminedoestoitssurrounding
environment?• Listspecificwaysthatwhalestakecareoftheiryoung.• WhatisitaboutMagdalenaBaythatmakesitsuchagreat
nurseryforgraywhales?
The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewer Guide 5
Follow-up Activity• Learnhowsaltminingcanaffectthemigrationpatterns
ofwhalesbyusingtheSanIgnacioLagoon:EcologyorEconomylessonplan.
• Createaposterthatillustratesthebestenvironmentforawhalenursery.Makeacolor-codedlegendonthesidethatlabelsanursery'smostimportantattributes.
• Makealistofallthedifferentwaysyoucouldeducateyourschoolmatesandyourcommunityaboutwhatishappeningtothegraywhalepopulation.Dooneofthethingsonyourlist.
AdditionaleducatorresourcesforJean‑Michel Cousteau Ocean Adventures canbefoundatpbs.org/oceanadventures.
AUTHORElsieOvrahimisanOaklandmiddleschoolscienceteacherandanindependentcontractorfortheKQEDEducationNetwork.KQEDEducationNetworkusesthepowerofKQEDPublicMediatoinspirelearningbyprovidingcurriculummaterials,professionaldevelopment,onlineresourcesandspecialeventsforeducators,child-careproviders,families,youthandthecommunityatlarge.
CREDITS
Jean‑Michel Cousteau Ocean AdventuresisproducedbyKQEDPublicBroadcastingandtheOceanFuturesSociety.
TheexclusivecorporatesponsorisTheDowChemicalCompany.
Additionalmajorsupportcomesfrom:theWilliamK.BowesJr.Foundation,AnnBowersandTheRobertNoyceTrust,theWilliamandGretchenKimballFund,theHaroldK.L.CastleFoundation,andtheNationalMarineSanctuaryFoundation.
1A
TheGrayWhaleObstacleCourseViewerGuideTeacherHandout
The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewing Questions With Answers
Introduction (2:23-3:35)1. InwhichseasondothegraywhalesbeginarrivingintheArctic?
summer2. Whathasrecentlyhappenedtothegraywhalepopulation?
one-third of the population has mysteriously disappeared3. Howlongisthegraywhales'migration?
12, 000 miles round trip4. Wheredothegraywhalesmigratefromandto?
from the Arctic to Baja California, Mexico5. Whereintheoceandograywhalesfeed?(on the ocean floor)
Feeding (3:36-6:30)1. HowlongdoesthesunshineintheArcticsummer?
24 hours a day2. Howwilltheteamgetafirsthandlookatthegraywhales'food?
collect samples of mud from the ocean floor3. Howdograywhalesaltertheenvironmentwhentheyfeed?
they create underwater trenches4. Whatisthevisibilityunderwater?zero5. Howdidthediversknowthattheywereintherightspot?
they were in one of the trenches the whales had created6. Whatspeciesarethegraywhalesfeedingon?amphipods7. Howmanyamphipodsdidthemarinebiologistfind
inthemudsample?108. Dograywhaleshaveteeth?no9. Describethemouthofthegraywhale.bottom jaw is just gums;
all along the top jaw are plates of baleen10.Whatisbaleenmadeof?keratin, just like our fingernails11.Howdograywhalesusetheirmouthwhentheyfeed?
they open their huge mouth, bring in a mouthful of water and close their mouth, then use their tongue to squeeze the water out through the baleen, leaving the arthropods behind, stuck to their baleen
12.Whatisthelastpartoffeeding?they use their tongue to lick off the arthropods from their baleen
Magdalena Bay (6:33-8:50)1. Whatcouldthesuddendisappearanceofone-thirdofthegray
whalepopulationbelinkedto?depleted/poisoned food source and obstacles along migration
2. Wheredograywhalesgotomate,givebirthandplay? lagoons of Baja California, Mexico
3. Wheredotheresearchersbegintrackingthewhales?Magdalena Bay
4. Whatdothediversfindwhentheyinvestigatewhatwhales'feedingbehaviorlookslike? a sea floor that has no food for the whales
5. Whatdoesthisconfirmforthedivers? that the whales are not here to feed
NOTE:TheindicatedtimingsareapproximateandarebasedonthePBSbroadcast;homevideoversionsmaydifferslightly.
1B
TheGrayWhaleObstacleCourseViewerGuideTeacherHandout
The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewing Questions With Answers
6. WhatdoesdiverMattfindonandpickupfromtheseafloor? a patch of whale skin
7. Whatisthegraywhaleusuallyinfestedwith? a lot of parasites attached to its skin
8. Whydograywhalesneedarubbingbeach?so they can scratch their skin and possibly remove some of the parasites
San Ignacio Lagoon (9:00-11:59)1. WhatdoesthebraceletmeanthatDonSanteehastohaveon?
that you are in a protected area2. WhatdotheOceanAdventuresteammembersseewhenthey
gotothelagoon?breaching, mating and many other behaviors3. Whathappenedin1972?
gray whales started approaching boats4. Whatpercentageoffatisthemilkthatthecalvesnurseon?
50 percent fat5. Whendocalvespartfromtheirmotherandfendforthemselves?
when they are 7 months old6. HowwasSanIgnaciorecentlythreatened?a major corporation
and the Mexican government wanted a massive salt mine project to improve the economy
7. "Goodenvironmentalpolicy100percentofthetimeis__________togoodeconomicpolicy."identical
Satellite tagging (12:00-15:50)1. HowdowhalestraveloncetheyleavetheArctic?
hidden below the surface except to breathe2. Whatissatellitetagging?shooting a tag into gray whales
to aid in tracking the whales from space using a satellite and a transmitter
3. Whatdothetagsallowtheresearcherstodo? track the latitude and longitude of the whale
4. WhatgoodupdatedidJean-MichelCousteaugetduringthetwodaysoftagging?that they tagged four whales
5. WhenlookingattheGPScoordinates,whatdirectiondotheresearchersseethegraywhalestraveling?north
6. Whyarethemothersandcalvesthelasttoleavethelagoon?waiting for the calves to gain strength
7. Whymightallthetagshavestoppedtransmitting?rubbed off by calves on the sandy bottom
8. Whatistheteam'sbackupplan?to follow the whales the hard way -- visually
1C
TheGrayWhaleObstacleCourseViewerGuideTeacherHandout
The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewing Questions With Answers
Whale watching (15:51-19:48)1. "Thegraywhalehasevolvedto___________."hide2. WhatdoestheteamfindsouthofLosAngeles?
expert whale watchers -- the American Cetacean Society3. WhatarethetwokeythingsthattheAmericanCetaceanSociety
(ACS)looksattodeterminehowmanygraywhalesthereare?timing of the migrations, how many calves are surviving
4. Whatdoresearchersthinkgraywhalesuseoilrigsfor? point of navigation
5. Howmanymilesadaycanagraywhalecoverbyswimmingconstantly?80 miles a day
6. Whathappenedtothecalfcountaftergraywhalesweretakenofftheendangeredspecieslistin1994?first year they were fine, second year numbers dropped and researchers don't know why
7. Bytrackingpictures,whatdidresearchersdetermineaboutthesizeofgraywhalegoingnorthandgoingsouth?whether the whales were well fed when they began their migration and how much weight they lost from the migration and from giving birth
Killer whales (19:50-27:30)1. WhatdoesNancyBlack'sresearchlinktothehighnumberof
killerwhales?seasonal presence of gray whale calves2. Whatisthemostintensenaturalobstaclethatthegraywhales
encounter?killer whales3. Whatisagreatfoodsourceforkillerwhales?gray whale calves4. Howmanykillerwhalescanonegraywhalecalffeed? 20 to 305. Whyisitimportantforkillerwhalestoteachtheircalveshowto
feedongraywhales?important to their culture and to their survival
6. WhichtwowaysdograywhalestravelwhentheycrossMontereyBaytocontinueheadingnorth?the long way around hugging the shoreline of the bay or the shortcut straight across the bay over Monterey Canyon
7. Howdotheresearchersthinkkillerwhalesfindthegraywhalesinthedeepwater? they patrol the canyon listening for the gray whales
8. "Thesewhaleshavelostthesafetyofthe__________astheyenterdeepwaters."shore
9. Howdoorcaskillagraywhalecalf?lunge on top of and separate it from its mother, then bash it from the underside to give it internal injury
10.Howdoorcaseatthecalf?working together underwater, one holds the carcass while the others strip off the blubber; they don't compete or fight
11.Whywasthe2004seasonunprecedented?because of the high number of attacks: 16 attacks, 12 kills, only four escapes
12. "Whenweseefewercalvesborn,thenweseefewerattacksandfewer________whalesinthearea."killer
13. Howmanyofthecalvesbornwillnotsurvivethetripnorth?one-third
1D
TheGrayWhaleObstacleCourseViewerGuideTeacherHandout
The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewing Questions With Answers
Depot Bay (29:20-36:44)1. Whatdoesthegraywhaleneedinorderforitspopulationto
completelyrecover?a dependable source of food2. WhatdothewhalesdowhentheygettoDepotBay?stop3. WhatarethegraywhalescalledthatstopatDepotBay?
resident whales4. WhatdoesCarrieNewellhavetodotoprovehertheoryabout
residentwhales?identify specific whales that stay to feed at Depot Bay and return every year
5. HowmanyresidentshasNewelldocumented?566. Thesamplerevealedthat__________________________is
sustainingtheresidentwhales.mysid shrimp in the kelp7. WhatdidNewellfindwhenshetookasampleofthegray
whales'fecalmaterial?mysid shrimp fragments8. WhatdoesNewellsaywouldhappenifabunchofpollutants
weredumpedinthewatersofDepotBay?mysid shrimp would die; whales, rock fish and salmon would suffer; and the economy of Depot Bay would suffer
9. Whatisthenameofthewhalethathasbeenshotbyaharpoon?scarback
Photo ID (36:45-41:35)1. Howmanygraywhaleidentificationshavethe
researchersmade?more than 6,0002. WhatpartofthewhaleisusedforidentificationinthisphotoI.D.
technique?natural markings on sides and tails of the whales3. Whathaveresearchersconfirmedbyidentifyingindividual
whales?that resident whales range from Northern California to British Columbia
4. Whatistheestimatedsurvivalratefortheresidentwhalesfromyeartoyear?95 percent
5. WhatnewobstaclehavegraywhalesencounteredbyfeedinginthewatersofthestateofWashington?Native Americans seeking to hunt
6. WhatdidtheMakahpeopleofWashingtondoin1999? killed their first gray whale in 70 years; they said they were invoking treaty rights of 1855
7. WhydidtheMakahpeoplesaytheyneededtokillthisgraywhale?cultural reasons, failing tradition and ancient pride
8. Howmanyothertribeshavesignedupforpermitstokilltheirowngraywhales?17
9. Howdidthemalejuvenilegraywhaleloseitslife? got tangled in different types of netting; whale probably spun around and got caught
1E
TheGrayWhaleObstacleCourseViewerGuideTeacherHandout
The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewing Questions With Answers
Acoustic pollution (41:36-44:59)1. Whatisthenewinvisibleformofenvironmentalpollution?
acoustic pollution2. Whatkindofhumanactivitiesareheardunderwater?
underwater explosives, commercial shipping, high-frequency sonar, oil development, intrusive scientific research
3. Whatdoeshigh-frequencysonardo? interferes with behavior, causes standing and death
4. Whatdotheresearchersnoticehappenstokillerwhaleswhenthemilitaryturnsonmid-frequencysonarintheocean? they react negatively and can become beached
Global warming and other concerns (45:00-end)1. "ThewatersoffPointBurrowoncesustainedanentire_______."
culture2. Whereelseintheworldiswhalinggoingon?
Russia; aboriginal whaling in Alaska; Greenland; the Caribbean3. Whatisthegraywhalemostthreatenedby?global warming4. Whateffectsofglobalwarmingdopeopleofthisareasee?
retreat of the main ice pack, main ice pack breaking up, erosion problems, polar bears roaming, less ice in water, can't walk on ice
5. Whatdidtheolderresidentsaywasgoodaboutglobalwarming?warmer, use less gas, save money, better for the economy
6. Overthepastthreedecades,howmuchofthegraywhale'sfoodsourcehasbeenlostduetoglobalwarming?30 percent
7. Whatarethemanydifferentthreatsandhazardsthataffectthegraywhalepopulation?use of military sonar, human thirst for petroleum, increased number of ships in ocean, loss of food related to global warming and pollution, pollution on whales themselves, harassment, development
8. Whatarethegoalsforsavingthegraywhalepopulation? to increase awareness of threats to whales, to get decision makers to make better decisions, to increase public support for science, to pass on to the next generation something as good as, if not better than, what we started with
1A
TheGrayWhaleObstacleCourseViewerGuideStudentHandout
The Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewing Questions
Introduction (2:23-3:35)1. InwhichseasondothegraywhalesbeginarrivingintheArctic?
2. Whathasrecentlyhappenedtothegraywhalepopulation?
3. Howlongisthegraywhales'migration?
4. Wheredothegraywhalesmigratefromandto?
5. Whereintheoceandograywhalesfeed?
Feeding (3:36-6:30)1. HowlongdoesthesunshineintheArcticsummer?
2. Howwilltheteamgetafirsthandlookatthegraywhales'food?3. Howdograywhalesaltertheenvironmentwhentheyfeed?
4. Whatisthevisibilityunderwater?
5. Howdidthediversknowthattheywereintherightspot?
6. Whatspeciesaregraywhalesfeedingon?
7. Howmanyamphipodsdidthemarinebiologistfindinthemudsample?
8. Dograywhaleshaveteeth?
9. Describethemouthofthegraywhale.
10.Whatisbaleenmadeof?
11.Howdograywhalesusetheirmouthwhentheyfeed?
12.Whatisthelastpartoffeeding?
Magdalena Bay (6:33-8:50)1. Whatcouldthesuddendisappearanceofone-thirdofthe
graywhalepopulationbelinkedto?
2. Wheredograywhalesgotomate,givebirthandplay?
3. Wheredotheresearchersbegintrackingthewhales?
4. Whatdothediversfindwhentheyinvestigatewhatwhales'feedingbehaviorlookslike?
1B
TheGrayWhaleObstacleCourseViewerGuideStudentHandout
The Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewing Questions
5. Whatdoesthisconfirmforthedivers?
6. WhatdoesdiverMattfindonandpickupontheseafloor?
7. Whatisthegraywhaleusuallyinfestedwith?
8. Whydograywhalesneedarubbingbeach?
San Ignacio Lagoon (9:00-11:59)1. WhatdoesthebraceletmeanthatDonSanteehastohaveon?
2. WhatdotheOceanAdventuresteammembersseewhentheygotothelagoon?
3. Whathappenedin1972?
4. Whatpercentageoffatisthemilkthatcalvesnurseon?5. Whendocalvespartfromthemotherandfendforthemselves?
6. HowwasSanIgnaciorecentlythreatened?
7. "Goodenvironmentalpolicy100percentofthetimeis__________togoodeconomicpolicy."
Satellite tagging (12:00-15:50)1. HowdowhalestraveloncetheyleavetheArctic?
2. Whatissatellitetagging?
3. Whatdothetagsallowtheresearcherstodo?
4. WhatgoodupdatedidCousteaugetduringthetwodaysoftagging?
5. WhenlookingattheGPScoordinates,whatdirectiondotheresearchersseethegraywhalestraveling?
6. Whyarethemothersandcalvesthelasttoleavethelagoon?
7. Whymightallthetagshavestoppedtransmitting?
8. Whatistheteam'sbackupplan?
1C
TheGrayWhaleObstacleCourseViewerGuideStudentHandout
The Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewing Questions
Whale watching (15:51-19:48)1. "Thegraywhalehasevolvedto___________."
2. WhatdoestheteamfindsouthofLosAngeles?
3. WhatarethetwokeythingsthattheAmericanCetaceanSociety(ACS)looksattodeterminehowmanygraywhalesthereare?
4. Whatdoresearchersthinkgraywhalesuseoilrigsfor?
5. Howmanymilesadaydoesthegraywhalecoverbyswimmingconstantly?
6. Whathappenedtothecalfcountaftergraywhalesweretakenofftheendangeredspecieslistin1994?
7. Bytrackingpictures,whatdidresearchersdetermineaboutthesizeofthegraywhalegoingnorthandgoingsouth?
Killer whales (19:50-27:30)1. WhatdoesNancyBlack'sresearchlinktothehighnumberof
killerwhales?
2. Whatisthemostintensenaturalobstaclethatgraywhalesencounter?
3. Whatisagreatfoodsourceforkillerwhales?
4. Howmanykillerwhalescanonegraywhalecalffeed?
5. Whyisitimportantforkillerwhalestoteachtheircalveshowtofeedongraywhales?
6. WhichtwowaysdograywhalestravelwhentheycrossMontereyBaytocontinueheadingnorth?
7. Howdotheresearchersthinkkillerwhalesfindgraywhalesinthedeepwater?
8. "Thesewhaleshavelostthesafetyofthe__________astheyenterdeepwaters."
9. Howdokillerwhaleskillagraywhalecalf?
10.Howdokillerwhaleseatthecalf?
11.Whywasthe2004seasonunprecedented?
1D
TheGrayWhaleObstacleCourseViewerGuideStudentHandout
The Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewing Questions
12. "Whenweseefewercalvesborn,thenweseefewerattacksandfewer________whalesinthearea."
13.Howmanyofthecalvesbornwillnotsurvivethetripnorth?
Depot Bay (29:20-36:44)1. Whatdoesthegraywhaleneedinorderforitspopulationto
completelyrecover?
2. WhatdothewhalesdowhentheygettoDepotBay?
3. WhatarethegraywhalescalledthatstopatDepotBay?
4. WhatdoesCarrieNewellhavetodotoprovehertheoryaboutresidentwhales?
5. HowmanyresidentshasNewelldocumented?
6. Thesamplerevealedthat____________________________issustainingtheresidentwhales.
7. WhatdidNewellfindwhenshetookasampleofthegraywhales'fecalmaterial?
8. WhatdoesNewellsaywouldhappenifabunchofpollutantsweredumpedinthewatersofDepotBay?
9. Whatisthenameofthewhalethathasbeenshotbyaharpoon?
Photo I.D. (36:45-41:35)1. Howmanygraywhaleidentificationshavetheresearchersmade?
2. WhatpartofthewhaleisusedforidentificationinthisphotoI.D.technique?
3. Whathaveresearchersconfirmedbyidentifyingindividualwhales?
4. Whatistheestimatedsurvivalratefortheresidentwhalesfromyeartoyear?
5. WhatnewobstaclehavegraywhalesencounteredbyfeedinginthewatersofthestateofWashington?
6. WhatdidtheMakahpeopleofWashingtondoin1999?
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TheGrayWhaleObstacleCourseViewerGuideStudentHandout
The Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewing Questions
7. WhydidtheMakahpeoplesaytheyneededtokillthisgraywhale?
8. Howmanyothertribeshavesignedupforpermitstokilltheirowngraywhales?
9. Howdidthemalejuvenilegraywhaleloseitslife?
Acoustic pollution (41:36-44:59)1. Whatisthenewinvisibleformofenvironmentalpollution?
2. Whatkindofhumanactivitiesareheardunderwater?
3. Whatdoeshigh-frequencysonardo?
4. Whatdotheresearchersnoticehappenstokillerwhaleswhenthemilitaryturnsonmid-intensitysonarintheocean?
Global warming and other concerns (45:00-end)1. "ThewatersoffPointBurrowoncesustainedanentire_______."
2. Whereelseintheworldiswhalinggoingon?
3. Whatisthegraywhalemostthreatenedby?
4. Whateffectsofglobalwarmingdothepeopleofthisareasee?
5. Whatdidtheolderresidentsaywasgoodaboutglobalwarming?
6. Overthepastthreedecades,howmuchofthegraywhale'sfoodsourcehasbeenlostduetoglobalwarming?
7. Whatarethemanydifferentthreatsandhazardsthataffectthegraywhalepopulation?
8. Whatarethegoalsforsavingthegraywhalepopulation?
Ocean Vocabulary Sheet
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TheGrayWhaleObstacleCourseViewerGuideStudentHandout
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