The GLVWG tomato heirloom project

Contact information for SolCAP tomato project:francis.77@osu.edu

SolCAP Solanaceae Coordinated Agricultural Project

Germplasm panels form the core of SolCAP e.g. Tomato

• M82 x LA716• Hunt 100 x LA407• NC 23E X LA1269• Sun1642 x LA1589• OH 88119 x PI128216• OH 8245 x PI365914• (Fla7600 xPI114490) x OH9242• OH 88119 x Ha 7998 • OH 9242 x OH 8245• OH 9241 x OH 8245

144 Fresh Market 144 Processing 48 Heirloom 48 Land Races 48 cerasiformae 48 wild species

Why Heirlooms?

Variety of shapes, sizes, colors

Perception of flavor quality

Renewed interest in niche markets

Provide information regarding how breeding has altered genetic variation

What is an Heirloom?

Carolyn Male’s classification:

1) Commercial Heirloom (OP varieties >40 years old)

2) Family Heirloom3) Created Heirloom4) Mystery Heirloom

Examples:Commercial Heirloom

Gold Ball (Livingston’s)

Family HeirloomBrandywine (Sudduth/Quisenberry)

Created HeirloomGreen Zebra

Mystery HeirloomAnanas Noire

Comments on Heirloom sources

Some Heirloom’s have well documented history, supported by primary sources

Poorly documented pedigrees, seed contamination, lack of fidelity in propagating variety names, invented histories for marketing purposes, genetic drift, …

All of the above lead to confusion

e.g. Diverse forms of “Brandywine” include: Sudduth/Quisenberry; pink; red; yellow; “on the vine” (OTV).

e.g. Cherokee Purple. The allele of “gf” carried by Cherokee Purple is not consistent with a >100 year-old Heirloom

Field EvaluationField Evaluation

Fruit size and shape

Fruit color

UPOV descriptors

Sugar, acids, etc… 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1600 1200 800

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0.00

Wavenumber, cm-1

Abs

orba

nce,

A

Lycopene

Red Tomato Yellow Tomato Green Tomato

trans-lycopene

Genetic analysisGenetic analysis

Proc FM HeirloomWild

Numbers based on genotyping platforms and limitations of phenotyping (n = 480 for total collection)

1 2 3 4

1) Fresh Market (FM) ; 2) Landrace; 3) Heirloom; 4) Processing

K=4

1,6,7) Processing; 2) Landrace: 3,5) FM; 4) FM & Processing; 8) Heirloom

K=8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Allele 1 Allele 2 Allele 3 Allele 4 Allele 5 Allele 6 Allele 7 Allele 8 Allele 9 Allele 10Total ave 74.06909 16.78455 7.25 1.13 0.372727 0.160909 0.100909 0.057273 0.032727 0.014545

Stdev 23.76931 14.56451 9.699955 2.287202 1.24502 0.492717 0.431021 0.255026 0.180778 0.14325Wild Average 27.65556 28.22222 31.67778 6.422222 2.533333 0.977778 1.066667 0.644444 0.355556 0.166667

STDEV 11.63691 18.96607 12.02079 4.741249 3.528456 1.086022 1.053565 0.657858 0.54569 0.5LandRace Average 70.52 20.56 7.06 0.4 0.6 0.88 0 0 0 0.02

STDEV 10.19127 12.02884 4.004747 0.65192 0.547723 0.864292 0 0 0 0.044721Hierloom Average 84.78571 10.75238 2.990476 0.947619 0.338095 0.133333 0 0 0.019048 0

STDEV 15.00894 9.576566 5.674848 1.266341 0.688822 0.375943 0 0 0.087287 0FM Average 77.08 15.668 6.38 0.664 0.14 0.06 0 0 0 0

STDEV 23.57833 16.89558 6.53752 1.190896 0.451848 0.212132 0 0 0 0PROC Average 75.3225 18.835 5.305 0.3875 0.1 0.005 0.0375 0.0125 0 0

STDEV 21.21108 16.2046 5.77159 0.708985 0.392885 0.031623 0.237171 0.079057 0 0Modern Average 76.27581 17.43871 5.627419 0.479032 0.120968 0.027419 0.024194 0.008065 0 0

STDEV 21.96403 16.39328 6.053509 0.925794 0.422769 0.138101 0.1905 0.0635 0 0

Allele frequencies and distribution of variation:Modern varieties contain alleles not found in old varietiesSome alleles “lost” during breedingShifts in allele frequencies

Data integration

How can GLVWG and SolCAP interact? GLVWG can provide further trial locations

SolCAP can help with resources and quality evaluation

SolCAP can provide standard seed source

GLVWG can reach a wider community of interest than SolCAP

Considerations for GLVWG project independent of SolCAP Population size (context of EuSol and SolCAP projects)

Describe the deliverable relative to some excellent popular books on Heirloom varieties

Thanks for your time….

Questions/Discussion?