The Global Potential for Biomass Energy and Carbon Capture ......The Global Potential for Biomass Energy and Carbon Capture & Storage Energy Supply with Negative Carbon Emissions June

Joris Koornneef Pieter van Breevoort, Carlo Hamelinck,

Chris Hendriks, Monique Hoogwijk, Klaas Koop and Michèle

Koper (Ecofys), Tim Dixon, Ameena Camps (IEA GHG)

The Global Potential for Biomass Energy and Carbon Capture & Storage

Energy Supply with Negative Carbon Emissions

June 15, 2012, Stanford University, California

Facts & figures Ecofys

• Founded in 1984

• Knowledge leader in the field of renewable energy, energy

efficiency and climate change

• Around 250 professionals, 6 offices in 5 countries

• Over 500 clients served across 50 countries

© ECOFYS | | 2

• Over 500 clients served across 50 countries

• The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 was awarded to Al Gore and the

IPCC. 10 Ecofys experts contributed to the IPCC reports

End-use: Biomethane, Liquid biofuel & Electricity

Conversion and CO2 capture

Biomass feedstock production & pre-treatment

Biomass transport

Goal of the global potential study for IEA GHG R&D programme

Identify the main bio-energy technologies that can be combined with CCS AND provide understanding of the global technical and economic potential for biomass with CCS for the years 2030 and 2050.

© ECOFYS | | Joris Koornneef3

CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2 transport and storage

CO2

CH4

bio

End-use: Biomethane, Liquid Conversion and Biomass feedstock Biomass

Biomass type

Agricultural residues

Forestry residues

Energy crops


CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2 CO2





Biomass transport

CO2

CH4

bio

End-use: Biomethane, Liquid Conversion and Biomass feedstock production & pre- Biomass

Biomass pre-treatment

Torrefaction

Densification


Forestry residues

Energy crops


CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2 CO2





Biomass transport

CO2

CH4

bio

End-use: Biomethane, Liquid Conversion and Biomass

Biomass transport

Ship

Train

Biomass feedstock production & pre-

Torrefaction

Densification


Forestry residues

Energy crops


CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2 CO2




Biomass transport

CO2

CH4

bio


End-use: Biomethane, Liquid Conversion and

Conversion technologies

Power

Liquid fuels

Biomethane

Biomass

Ship

Train

Biomass feedstock production & pre-

Torrefaction

Densification


Forestry residues

Energy crops


CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2 CO2




CO2

CH4

bio

Biomass transport


End-use: Biomethane, Liquid Conversion and Biomass feedstock Biomass

Capture technologies

Oxyfuel

Post-combustion

Pre-combustion

Fermentation /digestion


CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2 CO2

CO2CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2 CO2





Biomass transport

CO2

CH4

bio

Technologies considered

1 CFB = Circulating fluidized bed combustion plant (100% biomass)

2 PC = Pulverized coal (30-50% co-firing)

3 IGCC = Integrated gasification combined cycle (30-50% biomass)

4 BIGCC = Biomass Integrated gasification combined cycle (100%

Combustion +

Post-combustion


biomass)

5 FT diesel = Fischer Tropsch Diesel

6 BioSNG = Biomass gasification plus methanation into Synthetic

Natural Gas

7 AD biomethane = Anaerobic digestion � bio-methane

8 Ethanol = fermentation � ethanol

Gasification +

Pre-combustion

Fermentation

/digestion +

capture

Estimated performance in 2050

Bubble size indicates typical size of plants in 2050 (in MW)

CFB, 500

PC co-firing , 1000 IGCC co-firing, 1000

BIGCC, 500

80%

100%

120%

Ca

rbo

n r

em

ov

al

eff

icie

ncy

(%

)


BioSNG, 500

AD biomethane, 15

BIGCC, 500

Ethanol, 400

FT Diesel, 400

0%

20%

40%

60%

30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Energy conversion effiency (% LHV)

Ca

rbo

n r

em

ov

al

eff

icie

ncy

(%

)

Which potentials did we assess?

Technical potential� R&D


2010 2040 205020302020

Market barriers

Economic potential

Market drivers

Research steps – technical potential

• Combine sustainable Biomass potential and CO2 storage potential for 7 world regions (inclN-America)

• Use conversion and capture efficiency to determine potential:• Primary energy


• Primary energy

• Final energy

• CO2 stored

• Net GHG balance (incl biomass supply chain)

• Important assumption:• All biomass is allocated to ONE route at a time, there

is no competition with other BE-CCS routes or other biomass use.

Global biomass potential

2030: 73 EJ (~1750 Mtoe)

2050: 126 EJ (~3000 Mtoe)

Energy crops 65 EJ

Residues 61 EJ


Total world land surface

Biomass energy potential of 65

EJ (energy crops) assuming

10 t/ha

Land surface and crop production

15 billion ha 1.5 billion ha 0.35 billion ha

© ECOFYS | |

Present worldwide land

use for agriculture

Total land surface of the United

States

Joris Koornneef14

Results – Technical potential in 2050

Bubble size indicates technical potential expressed in Gt CO2 stored

BIGCC, 10.7

PC co-firing , 20.9CFB, 10.7

8

10

12

14

Ne

t G

HG

ba

lan

ce (

Gt

CO

2 e

q)

Technical Potential for

NOAM region


IGCC co-firing, 20.9

Ethanol, 1.4

FT Diesel, 6.1

-2

0

2

4

6

8

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Technical potential (EJ output)

Ne

t G

HG

ba

lan

ce (

Gt

CO

2 e

q)

1500 1000 500 250 Mtoe

Total electricity generation

USA (15 EJ, 6 EJ coal)

Energy consumption for

Transport USA (25 EJ)

Economic potential

Technical potential� R&D

Conversion and CCS cost

(non-fuel)

Economic potential:

Fuel price:

Biomass

Coal

CO2 price

Regional supply curves

Fixed coal price


2010 2040 205020302020

Market barriers

Economic potential

Market driversEconomic potential:

-Production cost BECCS (€/GJ)

-Production cost fossil reference (€/GJ)

-Annual potential (EJ/yr) and Gt CO2

Results – Economic potential

Bubble size indicates economic potential expressed in net Gt CO2 removed from

atmosphere

CFB, 0.6IGCC co-firing, 3.3Ethanol, 0.4

FT Diesel, 3.1

60

80

100

Min

imu

m p

rod

uct

ion

co

st (

€/

MW

h)

CO2 price = 50 €/ton

Transport & storage = 10 €/ton

Coal price = 3.7 €/GJ


BIGCC, 3.5

CFB, 0.6

PC co-firing , 0.7

-20

0

20

40

60

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Economic potential (EJ output)

Min

imu

m p

rod

uct

ion

co

st (

€/

MW

h)

Technical challenges/opportunities

• Third generation biomass (aquatic biomass)

• Conversion technologies and CO2 capture

• Biomass pretreatment and logistics

• Biomass gasification (reliability/flexibility and scale)


• Scale up (conversion, capture, transport and storage)

• Match!

• Early opportunities

• Biomass supply

• Infrastructure (power / biomass / CO2 / gas)

Conclusions and way forward

• Annual global technical potential is large, but need

to start with regional activities and early

opportunities


• Economic incentive for negative emissions needed

to achieve economic potential

• Challenges: Supply chain optimization, Scale-up,

Match

• Roadmaps: confirm potential and policies (actions)

For further information

Joris Koornneef

Carbon Capture & Storage

Ecofys

E: [email protected]

Chris Hendriks

Carbon Capture & Storage

Ecofys



Ameena Camps

IEA GHG R&D programme



Documents

The Global Potential for Biomass Energy and Carbon Capture ......The Global Potential for Biomass Energy and Carbon Capture & Storage Energy Supply with Negative Carbon Emissions June