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The German Renewables Act (EEG) and the Development of
Photovoltaics in Germany Holger Gassner,RWE Innogy
Thorsten Schneiders, E.ON Climate&RenewablesChristoph Weißenborn,BDEW
EEG – lessons learnt
• Setting the right tariff and monitoring it on a regular basis is essential, as the Solar Photovoltaics market has become very dynamic and equipment prices have been dropping significantly over thelast years
• Coordinated approach of linking the increase of renewables capacity and the adoption and extension of the grid infrastructure is needed to smoothly integrate renewables into the supply system and to avoid delays of projects
• Keep the tariff structure simple and easily to understand to makeit run smoothly and to avoid misunderstandings and abuse
• The support for renewables leads to an increase on the customers´ rates and might raise questionsfrom the side of residential and industrial customers
Seite 3
Feed-In Tariffs - Principle
Supply Electricity[1 kWh]
Transmission
Customers (via grid operators)
FIT Feed-In Tariff[€€€]
Payout
Feed-in tariff RES Plant operator sells his renewable electricity for a fixed price (feed-
in tariff) to the grid operator for a duration (e.g. 12 – 20 years) and is paid for each
kWh during this time
Most European countries employ feed-in tariffs for the support of photovoltaics
4
Basic Principles of the EEG
The German Renewables Act (EEG)…
– was set up in 1991 to incentivize investments into renewables
– provides a cost-based fixed feed-in tariff over a period of 20 years
– grants renewables power priority grid access and transmission
– has undergone several regular and amendments to adopt tariffs to market conditions or to improve administrative handling
The Feed-in Tariffs (FIT)…
– have a large vriety of sub-categories with regard to technologies and size of plants
– are subject to a degression, i.e. they are reduced by a certain percentage every year (Photovoltaics: 9%) for the new plants commissioned in that year
There is no other support mechanism for renewables power (apart form low-interest loans for private investors by the state bank KfW)
5
Roleplay within the EEG
The renewables operators can feed in…
– Anytime - no forecast or "early warning" necessary
– Any amount - no real-time metering
Grid operators (distribution grid and transmission grid)…
– take over and pay for the renewables electricity
– pass on the electricity to the wholesale market
– are in charge of the forecast, system balancing and services
– have to extend the grid to connect and transmit renewbales power, or have to pay compensation otherwise
The power retail companies…
– charge an EEG-surcharge on the customers´ bill and pass on this money to the grid operators
– Until 2009 had to take over and bpass on the EEG-electricity physically which lead to significant problems and financial riks in their portfolio
Solarbuzz solar market forecast
Sudden over supply in the PV market in 2009…
6
5,1 GW
MW
Solar demand
Solar supply
Solar market
Source: Lux Research, New Energy Finance
7
...and very large drop in Polysilicon Prices
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Jan 0
8
Feb 0
8
Mrz
08
Apr 0
8
Mai
08
Jun 0
8
Jul 0
8
Aug 0
8
Sep 0
8
Okt 0
8
Nov 0
8
Dez 0
8
Jan 0
9
Feb 0
9
Mrz
09
Apr 0
9
Mai
09
Jun 0
9
Jul 0
9
Aug 0
9
Sep 0
9
Okt 0
9
Nov 0
9
€*/kg
*Assumes exchange rate of 1.41 $ = €Source: New Energy Finance Silicon , Nomura news and Wafer Spot Price Index
Silicon spot price developments
Polysilicon market stabilizing
Recent developments
• Strong decline of equipment prices and concerns of the unexpectedly high growth rates of solar installations and the cost impact on the customers´ bill lead to adoptions of feed-in tariffs for solar photovoltaics
• In Germany, tariff cuts in addition to the regular degression of 9% amount to 16%
• Similar approaches have been carried out in Spain, Italy, France, Austria and Czech Republic
Getting the definitions right to avoid abuse
Getting the definitions right to avoid abuse
Getting the definitions right to avoid abuse
Getting the definitions right to avoid abuse
Getting the definitions right to avoid abuse
BMU – KI III 1Version: March 2010 Development of renewable energy sources in Germany in 2009 14
Installed capacity and energy supply from photovoltaic installations in Germany 1990 - 2009
6,20
0
4,42
0
313
556
1,28
2
2,22
0
3,07
5
1 2 3 6 8 11 16 26 32 42 6476 162
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
[MW
p ]
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
[GW
h]
Electricity supply [GWh]
installed capacity [MWp]
Source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energies-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); Image: BMU / Bernd Müller; all figures provisional
Installed capacity and energy supply from photovoltaic installations in Germany 1990 - 2009
The electricity mix in Germany 2009
Source: Statistisches Bundesamt, BMWi, BDEW, AGEB, AGEE_Stat; Status; 04/2010
SEITE 16RWE Innogy
Introduction of renewables is not for free Cost increase EEG until 2015
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Hydro Biomass Wind Onshore Wind Offshore PV other
EEG-Support (overall payments under EEG) in bn Euro
1,61,22,2 2,6 3,6
4,55,8
7,9
20,422,0
Source: EEG-Mittelfristprognose Stromtransportnetzbetreiber
9,010.0
12,3
14,6
16,8
18,85,4
5,8
5,3
4,9
0,5
0,1
2,2
3,6
2,60,4
> Support to be concentrated where needed and effective, e.g. no PV in Germany
SEITE 17RWE Innogy
Generation of Wind + Photovoltaic January 2010(presently > 36.000 MW installed)
0
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
1 25 49 73 97 121 145 169 193 217 241 265 289 313 337 361 385 409 433 457 481 505 529 553 577 601 625 649 673 697 721
Photovoltaik
Wind
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Wind: 26.000 MWPV: 9.800 MW(Stand 1.1.10)
SEITE 18RWE Innogy
Generation of Wind + Photovoltaic 20.6. – 05.07. 2010 (presently > 36.000 MW installed)
0
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
30.000
35.000
1 25 49 73 97 121 145 169 193 217 241 265 289 313 337 361
Photovoltaik
Wind
20.6. 21.6. 22.6. 23.6. 24.6. 25.6. 26.6. 27.6. 28.6. 29.6. 30.6. 1.7. 2.7. 3.7. 4.7. 5.7.
Dauerhaft niedrige Windeinspeisung von unter 10% der installierten Leistung
123 MW Wind am 23.6. (Stundenmittelwert 8:00 bis 9:00 Uhr)entspricht 0,46% der inst. Leistung
3.520 MW Wind am 3.7. (Stundenmittelwert 0:00 bis 1:00 Uhr)entspricht 13,5% der inst. Leistung
Wind: 26.000 MWPV: 9.800 MW(Stand 1.1.10)
SEITE 19RWE Innogy
Renewable energies make electricity production more volatile …
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Day (January 2008)
Capacity in MWDaily min and max available wind capacity in Germany in January 2008
Scource: bdew
SEITE 20RWE Innogy
Renewable energies make electricity production more volatile …
Source: BDEW
Example: Demand and renewable input 2.10.08 – 7.10.08 in East-Germany
Netzlast und EEG-Einspeisung 02.10.08 - 07.10.08
0
20000
40000
60000
1 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 100 111 122 133 144
h
MW
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
€/M
Wh
Ist-EEG
Netzlast
Band
Preis
SEITE 21RWE Innogy
01.0
5.20
09
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
01.1
0.20
08
01.1
1.20
08
01.1
2.20
08
01.0
1.20
09
01.0
2.20
09
01.0
3.20
09
01.0
4.20
09
01.0
6.20
09
01.0
7.20
09
01.0
8.20
09
01.0
9.20
09
01.1
0.20
09
01.1
1.20
09
€ / MWh
Times with negative prices increase
Täglicher Höchstpreis
Täglicher Tiefstpreis (rot falls negativ)
494.26
-500.02
SEITE 22RWE Innogy
Industry is consumer of RES
Note: Einspeisetarife als Mittelwerte von maximaler und minimaler Einspeisevergütung
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
01.01.09 01.02.09 01.03.09 01.04.09 01.05.09 01.06.09 01.07.09 01.08.09 01.09.09 01.10.09 01.11.09
Offshore Wind Onshore Wind Biomass Photovoltaic EEX Spot (day average
SEITE 23RWE Innogy
EEG – lessons learnt
Setting the right tariff and monitoring it on a regular basis is essential, as the Solar Photovoltaics market has become very dynamic and equipment prices have been dropping significantly over thelast years
Coordinated approach of linking the increase of renewables capacity and the adoption and extension of the grid infrastructure is needed to smoothly integrate renewables into the supply system and to avoid delays of projects
Keep the tariff structure simple and easily to understand to makeit run smoothly and to avoid misunderstandings and abuse
The support for renewables leads to an increase on the customers´ rates and might raise questionsfrom the side of residential and industrial customers