339

THE GEOLOGY OF THE CITY AND SOUTHLONDON RAILWAY CLAPHAM-MORDEN

EXTENSION.

By A. G. DAVIS.

Read Mar ch 3cth, 1928.

Received Nouember 30th, 1927.

THE enlargement and extension of the City and SouthLondon (Underground) Railway during 1<Je3-5, afforded

an opportunity of studying th e geology of an area notablyClapham, Tooting and Merton, which, excepting the recordof a number of well-borings, has received little notice in ourliterature.

I. The alterations to the existing tunnels between LondonBridge and Stockwell Stations were carried out before thewriter commenced his observations.

Stockwell Station to Clapham Common Station.*Tunnels at 40-50 feet below the surface of th e ground in

stiff blue clay with large unfissured concretions of a pale cementcolour. Mollusca, generally pyritized, and columnals ofBalanocrinus sub-basalujormis occur scattered in the clay.Lenticles of shelly debris were frequently found to yield an abun­dance of Bryozoa , Foraminifera, Echinoderm remains andOstracods. Foraminifera also occur very abundantly in thinsilty laminations form ed along bedding planes.

Th e fauna is of Wrigley 's tlfd Division, t about 1 0 0 feetabove th e Basement Bed of the London Clay (see Faunal Listunder Clapham ).

Material excavated from th ese tunnels was dumped during1923-4, in Hall's Gravel Pits at Mitcham, from which werecollected a number of the fossils recorded. The dumps havesince been covered up with various materials from th e MordenExtension .

II. Clapham-Morden Extension.

The new railw ay was commenced in 1924 and the workcontinued through the following year. The writer was ableto watch these operations closely, paying frequent visits atbrief intervals to the shields and cutting faces. Owing to themethods of tunnelling, the exposures were limited to a circularspace 13 feet in diameter . The earth was excava ted inquantities just sufficient to allow a " ring" I ft . 8 ins. deep

• This stat ion has s in ce bee n renamed Cla pham Xortb . 1925 .t A:G. \Vrigley ( lg::q ). Fauna l Di visi ons of the Lond on Clay, P roc. Grot, Assoc., vol. xxxv.,

p t . 3, PP ' 251-6.

34° A. G. DAVIS,

by II ft. 8! ins. inside diameter to be received and bolted intoposition.

The exposures seen at the shields were noted on each visitand transferred to a scale plan from which Plate 24 has beenconstructed.

The Tube Railway takes a south-westerly course fromClapham under Balham, piercing London Clay until TootingBee is reached, where the Woolwich Beds are encounteredand traversed under Tooting for t of a mile, the London Claybeing met again at Merton. Beyond Merton the line turnssouthwards to Morden, the whole route closely following thehigh road from London to Kingston. The length of the newrailway is approximately five miles.

At various points (indicated on Plate 24) shafts were sunk40-60 feet deep and from their bases the up and down tunnelswere bored. The two tunnels showed such small variationin the exposures that they are hereafter considered as one section.

Plate 24 is intended to illustrate the various beds met within the railway and to show the localities given in the lists offossils; besides the railway section it embodies the recordsof local well-borings and information from the following mapsof the 6" Ordnance Survey :-London Sheet XI. N.W. (Stock­well and Clapham) ; London Sheet XI. S.W. (Clapham Commonand Trinity Road Stations) ; Surrey Sheet VII. S.E. (TrinityRoad to Dorset Road) ; Surrey Sheet XIII. N.E. (Morden).

III. Descriptions of Sections.Clapham Common.

Tunnels between Clapham Common Station to WindmillPlace (Clapham Common South Side).

Stiff blue London Clay. Samples of clay washed for smallorganisms yielded small detached columnals of Balanocrinussub-basaltiiormis. Horizon: Top of Division 2.

Nightingale Lane. (Now Clapham South Station.)Two shafts 60 feet deep and tunnels between Windmill

Place and Balham Station.Stiff blue clay with small nodular concretions frequently

containing carapaces and fragments of Hoploparia. The faunaindicates the lower part of Division 3. Dentalium anceps iscommon and affords a good criterion for the lower half of theLondon Clay.

Balham.Two shafts III Balham High Road, opposite Balham Park

Road.Stiff blue clay with much pyrites at 40 feet from the surface.

Fossils abundant, comparing favourably with those of Division 3,

GEOLOGY OF CITY AND S. LONDON RAILWAY EXTENSION. 341

Horizon a, at Worcester Park-somewhat below the middleof the London Clay.

Tunnels southward to Trinity Road.A reference to the South London Geological Map, Sheet 270,

will show that all the preceding sections are situated on thedownthrow side of the Wimbledon-Deptford Fault; the line offault engraved on the map crosses the new railway under St.Nicholas Lane-Balham High Road. No visible change wasnoticed in the London Clay, but, unfortunately, the writercould not make collections here beyond taking clay samples.A sample from under St. Nicholas Lane yielded Bryozoa andBalanocrinus, as at Clapham Common. This certainly indicatesthat the Division 3 of the London Clay is brought down againstthe Division 2, suggesting a downthrow of about 1I0 feet andand that the line of fault should be transferred 200 yardsnorthward at this point.

South of the Fault the London Clay rises sharply, the tubepiercing the Basement Bed in the next sections.

Trinity Road to Foulser Road.Shaft at the meeting of Trinity Road and Upper Tooting

Road. Stiff blue clay, 40 feet, and below it 20 feet of brownsilty clay. No fossils were noticed in the upper part; in thelower beds a single specimen of a small A rca sp. was found ina concretion. Horizon: Division 1.

Tunnels southward to Tooting Broadway.Under Dafforne Road a junction section with the London

Clay and Woolwich Beds showed the following :-feet. inches.

London Clay. Dry brown silty clay with alayer of scattered black flint pebbles at thebase 6 0

Woolwich Beds T. Grey indurated Cyrena marlwith pebbies 4Cyrena marls in the centre of which was athin, I inch. layer of crushed ViviparusiPaludina Bed) .. I 3

Woolwich Beds II. Hard grey sandy rock fullof Ostrea and Cyrena .. 3 0

Woolwich Beds III. Black clay with Nucula sp. 2 0

Foulser Road.Here the Woolwich Beds showed miniature folds and m

one case were thrown 4 feet up into the London Clay. Similardisturbances were noticed in the shell beds farther south.Beechcroft Road.

Woolwich Beds IV. Brown and grey loams, tough to ex­cavate, were met below the shell beds. They extended to thefull height of the tunnel, and by rough measurement were 12

342 A. G. DAVIS,

feet thick. In places they were clayey and mottled, smallhand specimens could easily be mistaken for the Mottled Clays.No fossils were observed.

Lynwood Road.A shell bed was reported here, but it was not examined

by the writer. Apparently it filled a depression in the MottledClays. At this point the Woolwich Beds are brought up verynear to the surface of the ground* ; near the new railway atAnsell Road a rz-inch bed of oysters was found below II feet ofundisturbed ground. Some years ago in a main sewer trenchin Streatham Cemetery, t mile to the west, 2 feet of oyster bedswere seen 22 feet below the surface.

Lynwood Road to He bdon Road.Woolwich Beds V. The Tunnels were wholly in the Mottled

Clays, varying in colour, yellow, red, grey and brown.Letchworth Street.

Woolwich Beds VI. Green Sand with scattered pebbles,a few up to 3 inches long. Occasionally it contained tracesof mollusca and broken Cyrena shells. Not more than 3 feetof this bed. was seen. A washed sample left a large residue ofgreen grains and a few broken fish teeth, Lamna sp. indet.

The strata have been steadily rising, the Tube piercing themat the top of the Woolwich Beds and reaching the London ClayBasement Bed. At this point the Woolwich Beds begin to rollover and are entered in reverse order, but with slight variations.

Tooting Broadway.Woolwich Beds IV. Grey clay, in places mottled with

black, 3 feet thick, thinning out to a few inches. Samples takenfor washing yielded a considerable amount of carbonaceousmatter together with a few seed vessels. This is probablythe equivalent of the Lignite Bed of Kentish localities, andis in its usual position between the Mottled Clays and the ShellBeds.

Blue clay without fossils was seen for a thickness of 2 feetand appeared to die out north of Tooting Broadway.

Above this were about five feet of pale grey, often white,sand and loam holding much water. t

Woolwich Beds III. Black clay, 2 feet thick, containingScrobiculabra and Nucula. At Trinity this had contained onlyNucula.

Woolwich Beds II. Dark grey mudstone full of oysterspassing upwards into a hard grey calcareous rock full of wellpreserved shells, 2 feet thick.

* That the Woolwich Beds are brought to the surface by folding, is first mcnticned by]. Lucas,1877. [ourn; Soc. Arts., vol. xxv. pp.60(.-602. See also \Y. Whi taker, It 89. C{'o!cgy ofLondon, vol. I, p. ]67 and vol. it., p, 230.

t The whole of the Woolwich Beds were excavated under compressed air.

GEOLOGY OF CITY AND S. LONDON RAILWAY EXTENSIO:-;. 343

Attached to some of the oysters were found a number ofspecimens of a new species of Brachiopod, Discinisca.

More rarely were seen some traces of a coral allied toParacyathus crassus," also attached to oysters.

Woolwich Beds 1. Grey Cyrena marls developing in placesinto an oyster bed form the uppermost beds of the WoolwichSeries here and were met with in the shaft at Tooting Broadwayand the tunnels southward, varying from 2 to 6 feet in thickness.

A shaft So feet deep in Merton Road about 50 yards Southof Tooting Broadway showed the following :-

ft. ins.Soil and Gravel . . II 0London Clay 26 0

Woolwich Beds .. 13 0

The Woolwich Beds contained many Osirea in grey loam.The following section in the tunnel a few yards northwardis worthy of record.

ft. ms.Woolwich Beds. Dark grey clay 2 0

Grey clay with Cyrena 3 0

Hard shell rock and mudstone 2 0

Black clay with Scrobiculabra I 6Grey loam (water) 2 6'

A trial boring at Tooting Broadway Station gave the followingparticulars :-

15

Soil and gravelLondon ClayWoolwich Beds. Shell Bed

SiltShell BedFine White SandBlue Sandy ClayDark claySand (Water)Sandy Clay

Mottled Clay

ft. ins.12 a23 7

I 97

I 910 a5 0

668a

71 4

The writer was unable to visit the tunnels south of TootingBroadway to Woodbury Road. Material brought up at theshaft heads showed a mixture of London Clay and WoolwichBeds. South of Woodburv Road the tunnels were whollv inLondon Clay." "

• The nature of these traces 'was not understood until some perfectly preserved Paracvothuswere found by the writer attached to Ostrea in the Woolwich Beds, in excavation... for a newtelephone exchange in the High Street, Beckenham, Kent, June, 1927.

344 A. G. DAVIS,

Trevel yan Road.Shafts 60 feet deep in unfossiliferous London Clay . At the

bottom of the shaft the clay was streaked with white markings,probably the decompos ed remains of twigs. Washed samplesyielded an abundance of pyritic matter and pyritized diatomsmainly of a single species. Diatoms have been recorded fromthe London Clay by W. H . Shrubsole* from many localities ata level about 40 feet above the Basement Bed.

In 1925 the writer found similar diatoms in the LondonClay at Herne Bay at levels varying between 6 and 46 feetabove the Basement Bed. At the 46-ft. level the clay wasfull of pyritized twigs.

The diatom-bearing clay continued from Trevelyan Roadto Colliers Wood where the tunnels are 40 feet abov e the Base­ment Bed of the London Clay.

A few poorly preserved foraminifera were found in thediatom material from Trevelyan Road: Nodosaria comm unisd'Orb, Cristellaria inorn ata d'Orb, and Anomalina grosserugosa(Gumbel).Coll ie rs Wood.

Shaft 60 feet deep in sti ff lead coloured London Clay verygreasy an d damp to the touch.tSouth W im b le d on .

Shaft 60 feet deep and tunnels northward to the Wandie.Blue Clay with silty partings and a few septaria .

The fossile from Colliers Wood and South Wimbledon arenot helpful in determining the horizon . Local well sectionsshow that these tunnels are between 50 and 80 feet above thebase of the London Clay.Dorse t Road.

Shaft showing 30 feet of blue clay with septaria with afaun a indicating Horizon a, Division 3.Morden .

The tunnels emerge into an open cutting here and for thefollowing particulars the writer is indebted to Mr. A. G. Wrigley .

Morden Station . A shallow cutting about 2 0 feet deepshowing London Clay with septaria very much like those atWorcest er Park, Surrey, at Horizon b, Division 3. ::: The fossilsfound were Atilia sp. , Ficus ct . tricarinata (Lamk.), Natica sp.,and N ucula sp. Near Morden Station there is a brickyardwhich is probably at the same horizon. The following werecollected some years ago by Mr. Wrigley :-Wood with Teredo,

• The Di at oms of the London Clay. Ser, II., vol. L, [ourn. R. Micr , Soc. (rS8r), pp , 38r-387.pl . V.

t Mat er ial exca vated from t he tunnels be twe en T revelya n Road and Coll ier s W ood wasdumped on waste land nea r Merton Abb ey and P hi pps Bridge.

t A. G. Wri gley. Faunal Division s of th e London Clay. P roc, Geol. Assoc., xxxv. (r924' .p. 247.

GEOLOGY OF CITY AND S. LONDON RAILWAY EXTENSION. 34S

Leda amygdaloides (J. de C. Sow), and Terebratulina striaiula(J. de C. Sow). This brickyard has since been filled up withexcavated material from the tunnels between Morden and SouthWimbledon.

IV. Faunal Notes and Lists.The Fauna of the Woolwich Beds.Ostrea bellouacina Lamk. Abundant and forming beds.Ostrea tenera J. Sow.Modiola mitchelli Morris. Frequent in Beds I. and II.Arca n. sp. Bed II.Barbatia striatularis (Desh). Common in the mudstone Bed II.Scrobiculabra condamini (Morris). Common in Bed III.Cyrena cuneijormis Fer. (form forbesi Desh.). Abundant.Cyrena sp. indet. Bed VI.Teredo sp. In pyritized drift wood, horizon not determined.Nucula sp. Common in Bed III.Unio sp. Rare, horizon not determined.Calyptrcea sp. Abundantjn the mudstone Bed II.M elan atria inquinata Defr. Common in all the shell beds.Tympanotomus [unatus (Mant). Abundant in Bed II., but

uncommon elsewhere.Vicibarus sp. Abundant at Trinity Road tPaludina Bed)

Bed 1., where it occurred crushed, but with the shell matterwell preserved. At Tooting Broadway it was rarer andoccurred as casts in a sandy rock, the horizon of whichwas not determined.

Hydrobia sp. Common in the Cyrena and Osirea beds.Planorbis hemistoma J. Sow. Rare in Bed 1.Tritonidea sp.? lata (J. Sow). Noticed in the mudstone of

Bed II.Tlteodoxus subornaia (d'Orb.). Frequent in the oyster rock

Bed 1. ; the colour markings of this shell were preserved.Benoistia lunni (Morris).. A single specimen was found in the

Cyrena marl of Bed 1. at Tooting Broadway.Discinisca n. sp. This new Brachiopod was found attached

to oysters in the mudstone of Bed II.Cytlteridea muelleri (Munster) and C. muelleri var.torosa Jones.

Both of these Ostracods occur profusely in the shell Beds1. and II.

? Conopeum sp. Some poorly preserved traces of a Bryozoanwere found encrusting oysters in Beds I. and II.

Eosphaeroma sp. A single but damaged example was obtainedfrom the Cyrena marl, Bed 1., at Tooting Broadway.Isopoda have not previously been noticed in the EnglishEocenes.

Paracyathus sp. Badly preserved traces occur attached tooysters in the mudstone of Bed II.

A. G. DAVI S,

Lamna sp. A few broken tee th occur in th e green sand. Fishscales are common in the shell beds.

Plant remains. Seed vessels an d much unrecognisable matteroccur in the grey lignitic clay of Bed IV .

Drift wood was noti ced in th e loams of Bed IV. and in theoyster Beds 1. and 11.

The F auna of th e London Cl a y .The localities indicated in the list may be referred to the

horizons proposed by Mr. Wrigley as follows :-Colliers Woodand Sout h Wimbledon = Below th e Balanocrinus hori zon,Division 2. Clapham and Clapha m Commo n = Division 2,Nightingale Lane and Balham = Division 3. Dorset Road =approxima tely Division 3.

Wit h th e exception of the Mollusca and the larger speciesrepresented in the various groups, most of the specimens wereobt ained by washing selected samples of clay.

An examination of t he organic constituents of th e clayis in progress and it is in tended that these records will form abasis of comparison wit h higher horizons and other localitiesof the London Clay.

D is t r ibut io n o f t h e Foramin ife ra .As a result of an investigation in other pa rts of the London

area , some prelimin ary remark s are offered upon the strati­graphical distribution of the fora minifera here recorded .*

A sample of clay of 5 to 7 lbs. weight tak en from any horizonwill ra rely fai l to yield such common species as 111arginu lin atoetherelli, Cristellari« inornata , C. rotulata, Nodosaria comm unis,Anomalina grosserllgosa and Truncatulina lobatula . Twentyspecies, including the above, occur in Division I ; a fauna fromthis horizon is mentioned from Trevelvan Road Merton. seep. 344, and recorded from Woodside.j All of these speciesrange up into Division 2 , where foramini fera are more ab undantin ind ividuals than elsewhere in the London Clay . Six tyspecies will be found listed below from Division 2, all of whichwith the exception of S piroculina tennis and R amuliu a cervicornis,both new to th e London Clay, range upward into Division 3.

The foraminifera l faunas recorded from Hampstead HeathWell, Islington, Chelsea and Cannon Street , all loca lities withinth e lowest hundred feet of the London Clay , include only eigh tspecies which have not been found elsewhere in the formatio n.

Division 3 is marked by a noticable increase of species.At Worcester Park, Coldharbo ur Farm Brickyard, a r ich fauna

" Th e Foraminifera of ti le' Loudon CIa ' " hav e been desc r-ibed b v C. D . Sherb or n and F .Chapman. [ ourn, R . M icr. Soc .. Set . II. ,"vol. v i . (. 886) , pp . i3i-i63 aud , 889, pp. 483-4 89.I n thi s paper 116 spec ies are figured ami described and a Jist i s given of all th e kn own formsfrom all locali t ies . See al so Sher bo rn an d BUTT()W S, Proc. Geot, A ssoc. , \'0 1. xii . ( I~9 I l. pp . ~-7.

t A. C . Da vis a nd A. Wrtgtev. E xeu rs .ion 11) Wo odside. Proc, Grot , A ssoc. , \,()1. xxxv ii .(19 26), p. 435. -

GEOLOGY OF CITY AND S. LONDOI' RAILWAY EXTENSION. 34.7

occurs which is identical with that of Piccadilly (Sherborn andChapman).* Over 50 species are confined to Division 3.

Foraminifera become decidedly rare in Divisions 4 and 5and at present only 20 species have been noticed by the writer,all of which occur in the lower beds. From a well at WimbledonCommon] at roo feet from the surface and 300 feet above thebase of the London Clay, a fauna of 23 species has been recorded.Nine species occur here which have not been found elsewherein the formation, neither have they been detected at NewMalden or Tolworth, which are likely situations.Ostracoda.

Although 136 specimens were found, they were the resultof searching the residues from over a hundred-weight of selectedclay samples.Echinoderma.

The residues from Division 2 from Clapham yielded quan­tities of debris; plates, columnals, cirri, radioles, etc., fromwhich some determinations were possible. The majority ofthe specimens were calcified.

Antedon n. sp. A single pyritized centro-dorsal was foundin a residue from Clapham; new to the London Clay and EnglishEocene. Two slightlylarger examples have since been collectedby the writer at Worcester Park.

Balanocrinus sub-basaltiformis (Miller). Washed residuesfrom Clapham contain an abundance of calcified columnals ofsmall size. The presence of these in a clay sample would besufficient to indicate Division 2. The only permanent sectionsin the Balanocrinus horizon at the present time are at BeddingtonLane, Surrey, and Heme Bay, Kent, where the writer recentlyobtained the unique and previously unknown crown of thisspecies.]

Rhizocrinus londinensis (Forbes). Columnals are so frequentin residues from Division 2 that this species may be includedas one of its characteristic fossils. It is limited to that Divisionand occurs also at Beddington Lane, Surrey, Hendon andFetter Lane, E.C.

Otoliths. Mr. G. Allan Frost examined the otoliths, two ofwhich he has described elsewhere.§ The Clapham specimenswere found in considerable numbers in lenticles of shelly debris.At other localities, notably Worcester Park, Surrey, and Sheppey,Kent, they are found abundantly in debris drifted aroundlogs of wood. Elsewhere in the London Clay they occur rarelyand sporadically.

• The mean of several well borings near Piccadilly places the horizon at 197 feet above theBasement Bed. The fauna recorded from Haverstock Hill is probably from the same horizonas Piccadilly and Worcester Park.

t T. R. Jones and W. K. Parker. The Geologist, vol. vii. (1864), p. 88.:\: Since presented to the British Museum (Nat. Hisr.). Registered number E.2.,C23.§ Eocene Fish Otoliths from the London District and Isle of Wight, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,

Ser. 9. vol. xvi., pp. 160-164 (1925).

A. G. DAVIS,

FAUNAL LIST. LONDON eLAY.

~

"-&FORAMINIFERA. G

.Spiroculina tenuis (Czjzek). R]l{iliolina circularis Born. R

communis Desh. Rsecans d'Orb. Rseminulum. Linnetrigonula (Lam). R

Cornuspira carinata (Costa). Rinuoluens Reuss R

Ammondiscus incerta (d'Orb). RTextularia agglutinans d'Orb. CBigenerina capreolus d'Orb. CHaplophragium agglutinans (d'Orb). CClavulina communis d'Orb. C

" parisiensis d'Orb. .. RGaudryina picpoides d'Orb. RChilostomella oviformis Sherb. and

Chap. l~

Lagena globosa Morrtf. Rlanns Montf. Rvulgaris Will, var. Oxytoma

ReussNodosaria abbreuiaia Neug.

abnormis Reuss. Radolphina d'Orb. Raffinis d'Orb. Cbacillum Defr. CBadenensis d'Orb.. . Ccatenulata Brady Rcommunis, dOrb. Chispida d'Orb. Rinornata cl'Orb. Rlongiscata cl'Orb. Cmultilineata Born... Rouulata Sherb. and Chap. Rpolygona Reuss Cradicula Linne R

v. annulaia T. & B. Rv. ambigua Nug. R

rapluuius Linneraphanistrum. Linne Csoluta Reuss Rs-pinulosa. Montf. Cvertebralis Batsch. . . Rhumilis Roem. C

M arginulina wetherelli Jones Cattenuata Neug. R

Yaginulina legumen (Linne) Rvar. R

R

R

CRC

C

C

RRR

R

C

CC

R

R

R

CRC

R

RR

CC

C

R

R

R

RC

CC

RC

CC

C

R

R

CC

C

R

R

R

R

C

CC

C

RC

C

C

CC

C

R

RC

C

R

C

C

CC

C

C

C

R

C

R

R

C

GEOLOGY OF CITY AND S. LONDON RAILWAY EXTENSION. 349

Cristellaria d. crepidula F. & 11.cultrata Mon tf. C

var. splendens S. &C. R

inornaia d'Orb. Cmegalopolitana Reuss. Crotulata Lamk. C

Polymorphina gibba d'Orb.Globigerina bulloides d'Orb. CPullenia quinqueloba. (Reuss.) CDiscorbina rugosa d'Orb. CTruncatulina lobatula (W. & ].) C

haidingerii (d'Orb.) C" ungeriana (d'Orb.) C

Anomalina ammonoides (Reuss.) Rgrosserugosa (Gumbel) C

Pulvinulina boueana d'Orb. Celegans d'Orb. Cpunctatula d'Orb. Rrepanda F. & M. R

Ramulina globulifera Brady Rcervicornis (Chap.) R

5§oU

S

~"u

C

R

C

RRCCCCCC

CR

RRRH.

RCCCC

CCC

R

RC

CRCC

C

C

C

CCC

CC

CC

C

R

C

ccc

R

c

PORIFERA.Sponge spicules C R

ANTHOZOA.Stephanophyllia discoides Edw. &

Haime R RGraphularia wetherelhEdw. & Haime C C C C R

ECHINODERMA.Goniaster marginatus Forbes ; . C C

" stokesii Forbes C C COphioglypha sp. RCoelopleurus metherelli Forbes RCidaris sp. RAntedon n.sp. RBalanocrinus sub-basaltiformis (Mil.) eRRTsocrinus sp. R RRhieocrinus londinensis (Forbes) C

ANNELIDA.Serpula sp. RGranularia sp. eReStreblosoma eocenica F. A. Bather MS. CDitrupa plana (Sow.) .. C C C C C C R

BRACHIOPODA,Terebraiulina striatula]. de C. Sow. C C

BRYOZOA.+Conopeum (Websteria) crissioides (Milne

Edwards and Haime) rare} Membraniporetla uinei (Gregory) rare

35° A. G. DAVIS,

Membrendoccium sp. rareLunularia sp. rareSmittina iubularis (Gregory) common• Adeonellopsis wetherelli Gregory common• Pachytheca incisa (Gregory) .. commonDittosaria tuetherelli Busk common"Batopora clithridiata (Gregory) commonI dmonea seriatopora Reuss rareIdmonea bialiernata Gregory " common*Hornera hyppolyta Defrance commonEntalcphora tergemina Gregory rare

t All the above occur in the London Clay, Division 2, at between Clapham and Stockwell.Those marked (*) occur also at the same horizon at Balham.

This list is to be regarded as provisional and incomplete, as the material is.an integeralpart of a general study the "Titer is attempting on the English Eocene and OligoceneBryozoa.

The writer wishes to thank Dr. F. A. Bather and Dr. w, D. Lang, who gave every facilityfor examining the Types of the London Clay Bryozoa in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.).

MOLLUSCA.Anomia scabrosa Wood RPt~ papyracea (J. de C. Sow.) CPinna affinis J. SOW ., RArca (Fossularca) im-polita J. de C.

&w. RPecten (Propeamusium) duplicatus

J. de C. Sow.Nucula bouierbankii J. de C. Sow. C

.. censors Wood CLeda amygdaloides J. de C. Sow. C

oblata Wood R" partimstriata Wood

Cryptodon goodhalli (J. de C. Sow.).. RProtocardia nitens (J. Sow.) .. RSyndosrnya splendens (J. de C. Sow.).. RAxinus angulatus J. Sow. CCorbula clarendonensis 'WrigleyCuspidaria infiata (J. de C. Sow.) R

" rostratissima (Edw. MS.).. RHeniipleurotoma simillima (Edw.) var.

crassilinea RTeredo antenaute J. Sow. CEutritonium (large sp.) RStreptolathyrus cymatodis (Edw.) RFicus smithii (). de C. Sow.} RMayeria bifasciata (). Sow.) .. C? Homolaxis sp. RNaticina glaucinoides (J. Sow.) RCf'enilabium elongatum. (J. de C. Sow.) RBullinella sp. . . . . . . ., RDentalium anceps J. de C. Sow. R

" nitens J. Sow. CNautilus centralis ]. Sow.

imperialis J. Sow. R

io

U

"~0-

"G

C

C

R

C

R

R

R

C

RRR

R

R

CC

C

R

R

C

RR

R

C

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

R

RR

R

R

R

R

R

GEOLOGY OF CITY A:-;D S. LO:-;DON RAILWAY EXTENSION. 35I

R

cioSSou

S S'" "~ ~<3 V

OSTRACODA.Bairdia contracta Jones R

londinensis Jo & Sherb. l{ovoidea Jo & Sherb. R Rsubtrigona Born. H.

Cythere d. arenosa Bosq.bosquetiana J0 & Sherb.scabropapulosa Jonesscrobiculoplicata Jones C R

var. recta Jonesstriatopunctata Jones "

Cythereis aranea J0 & Sherb. C Rbowerbankiana Jones Cprestwichiana J 0 & Sherb. Rspiniferrima J 0 & Sherb. R

Cytheridea muelleri (Munster) Rperforata var. insignis Jones R Rglabra Jones R

Krithe londinensis J0 & Sherb, RCytheropteron triagulare (Reuss.) C RCytherella compressa (Munster) C R

beyrichi (Reuss.) . . Rfabacea . J C R

CIRRIPEDIA.Scalpellwm sp. (d. minutum Brown) ..

sp. .. CMALACOSTRACA.

Xanthopsis sp.Hoploparia belli M.Coy C C

PISCES.

R

RR

C

R

CR

R

C

R

RR

RR

R

C

R

RRR

R

CR

RR

RR

R

R

R

R

R

Lamna sp.Odontaspis elegans AI!.Aeanthius minor DaimeriesSquatina sp.

RR R RR

RR

OTOLITHS.Otolithus (Solea) guestfalicus Koken R

(Clupidarum) davisi G. A.Frost R

Berycidarum bowryi Priem RREPTILIA.

Paleophis sp. RPLANTJE.

Nipa sp.Hightea sp.DiatomaceaWood

RR

C C CR

C C C C

R = rare; in most cases single specimens.

C = common.

PROC. GEOL. Assoc., VOL. XXXIX., PART 3, 1928. 23

352 GEOLOGY OF CITY AND S. LONDON RAILWAY EXTENSION.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

The writer wishes to thank the various specialists whohave examined certain of the fossils. Mr. A. G. Wrigley forthe determination of the mollusca; Mr. T. H. Withers, whoexamined the Cirripedes and Isopod; Mr. E. White, for namingthe fish teeth; and Miss H. Muir Wood for describing the newBrachiopod.

Mr. A. G. Wrigley and Mr. E. Dedryvere assisted in collecting.The diagram on Plate 24 was prepared for publication byMr. A. G. Wrigley.

Lastly, thanks are due to Dr. F. A. Bather, whose introductionenabled the writer to obtain permission to examine the Tubeexcavations,and to the Secretary of the City and South LondonRailway Company.

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