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The Future of

PETAL Technology

Frank O’Connor

ATN 2001 18th September 2001

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PETAL-II Datalinks

Maastricht

FANS-1/A(ACARS)

SAS, Lufthansa American AirlinesSRA, ANZ, UAL, DLH, QFA, SIA, ACA, COA

ATN(VDLM2)

NEAN(VDLM4)

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ATN Concept

– ATN is a Mobile Aviation Internetwork which• Provides Communications support for ATC and AOC

traffic• Interconnects Airborne and Ground Systems• Provides High Availability, Prioritisation and other

features required to support ATC traffic• Provides a strategy for Integration of different types of

Networks• Integrates with and complements existing network

infrastructure• Re-uses existing products and technology

– ATN also Defines a set of CNS/ATM specific applications

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ATN Distinguishing Features

– Mobile Routing– Enhanced End-to-End Data Integrity– Priority and Pre-emption– Traffic Type (Security Parameter) Identification– Policy Based Routing– Air/Ground Datalink Compression– Bit-Oriented Application Support using

condensed Packed Encoding Rules (PER)– Certified Software

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ATN Technology Origins

• International Standards Based– OSI was Governmental Standard when ATN

Standards Development began

• Re-Use where Practical– Existing Standards and Technologies– Existing Infrastructure and Products

• Extend Standards where Necessary– Air/Ground Segment– Mobility– End-to-End Reliability– CNS/ATM Specific Applications

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ATN Unique Protocols and Standards

– ATN Application Service Elements for:• CM• CPDLC• ADS

– Mobile SNDCF and associated IS-SME

– Connected Oriented (v8208) Network Circuit between Airborne Router and Ground System

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ATN Re-use/Extension to Standards (cont.)

– ATN Addressing Plan to provide unique addressing for ATN Airborne and Ground Systems

– ATN Router (Intermediate System) Protocols• Networking Protocols adapted to support Mobile

Internet• OSI Routeing Exchange Protocols Extended to support

Mobility, Prioritisation and Traffic Types– IDRP (Inter-Domain Routeing Protocol)

– ES-IS (End-System to Intermediate System Protocol)

• CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol) extended to support traffic type and prioritisation

• v8208 (8208 extended for VDL use)• Policy Based Routing

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ATN Re-use/Extension to Standards

– ATN End-System Protocols• Provide the Airborne and Ground Applications with an

ATN Interface to enable communication between them• Dialogue Service Specified over Fast Byte Upper Layer

Communications Services• Transport Protocol(COTP/CLTP) enhanced to provide

end-to-end integrity, and traffic type support

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Why IP is not used instead of OSI

– OSI was a Governmental Standard when ATN Development started

– OSI has some advantages but a change to TCP/IP would be a major cost that cannot be technically or economically justified

– New SARPS would need to be developed– IP Protocols would need to be extended in the

same way as OSI to provide Mobility, End-to-End Integrity …..

– Certified Products would need to be developed

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ATN Datalink Components in PETAL

• Avionics Systems

• VDL Mode-2 Ground Infrastructure

• Maastricht ATC Systems

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PETAL ATN Datalink Components

VDL-M2 Gnd Station

Maastricht

ARINC VDLM2 Ground Infrastructure

Air/Gnd Router

Gnd/Gnd Router Gnd/Gnd

Router

Gnd ATSES Stack

FDPS

Rockwell Collins Avionics

VDRMode-2

Airborne Router

Air ATSES Stack

CM/CPDLCApps.

CMU

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Avionics Systems

• Rockwell Collins CMU-900

– Airborne ATN Router– Airborne End-System Stack– CM/CPDLC Applications

• VDR (Mode-2)

• MCDU

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Airborne Router

– Establishes/Releases Mobile Connections to Air/Ground Routers over Available Sub-networks

– Relays Data between the Aircraft and Air/Ground Routers, handling compression

– ATN/OSI Technology include:• Mobile Routeing Protocols

– IS-SME

– ES-IS

– IDRP

• CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol)• Mobile SNDCF • v8208 Sub-network Support

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Airborne End-System Stack

– Provides the Airborne Applications with an ATN Interface to enable communications with the Ground System Applications

– ATN/OSI Technology include:• CM & CPDLC ASEs (Application Service Elements)• Upper Layer Communications Services• COTP (Connection Oriented Transport Protocol)

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VDL Mode-2 Ground Infrastructure

• VDL M2 Ground Stations

• ATN Air/Ground Routers

• ATN Ground/Ground Routers

• Infrastructure Interconnections

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VDL Mode-2 Ground Stations

– Controls the Establishment/Release of VDL Links between Airborne and Ground Radios

– Integrates the Ground VDRs with the Ground Networks by acting as a bridge

– Interfaces with the Air/Ground Routers– ATN/OSI Technology:

• v8208 to provide connection-oriented VDL network link• 8208 to provide connection to Air/Ground Router

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Air/Ground Routers

– Keeps track of Aircraft connected to it and handles Mobility and Hand-over between Aircraft

– Propagates Routing Information using IDRP– Relays Data between Aircraft and Ground

Network– ATN/OSI Technology:

• Mobile Routeing Protocols– IS-SME

– ES-IS

– IDRP

• CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol)• Mobile SNDCF • 8208 Sub-network Support

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Ground/Ground Routers

– Propagates Routing Information for Aircraft and Ground system throughout Network using IDRP

– Relays Data between Ground Systems– ATN/OSI Technology:

• IDRP Routeing Protocols• CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol)• 8208 and other Sub-network Support

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Infrastructure Interconnections

– Interconnections between Ground systems such as VDL Ground Stations, Ground/Ground Routers and End-System was accomplished using existing networks and products.

– The networks used include:• IP and OSI LANs• X.25• Other underlying networks used by telecom service

providers

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Maastricht ATC Systems

• ATIF Ground/Ground Router

• ATIF End System Stack

• Flight Data Processing System

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Maastricht ATIF Ground/Ground Router

– Propagates Routing Information to/from External Networks

– Relays Data between Ground ATC Centre and External Networks

– ATN/OSI Technology:• IDRP Routeing Protocols• CLNP (Connectionless Network Protocol)• 8208 and other Sub-network Support

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Maastricht ATIF End-System Stack

– Provides the ATC Applications with an ATN Interface to enable communications with the Aircraft Applications

– ATN/OSI Technology include:• CM & CPDLC ASEs (Application Service Elements)• Upper Layer Communications Services• COTP (Connection Oriented Transport Protocol)• CLNP (Connectionless Network Layer)

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Airtel ATN’s Involvement

– Airtel ATN was originally part of Retix, an OSI COTS Software Supplier

– Retix Supplied OSI Software for Early ATN Prototype such as EURATN

– Retix developed the TAR, TTS and Airborne TAR for Eurocontrol in support of ATIF and European ADS Trails based on Re-Use of COTS Software

– Airtel developed Airborne CM, CPDLC and ADS applications used in pre-PETAL trials

– TAR, TTS and Airborne TAR/TTS used in pre-PETAL trails on QinetiQ (DERA) BAC-111 and at Eurocontrol (Bretigny) site

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Airtel ATN’s Involvement (cont.)

– The Extended and Enhanced Retix OSI COTS software is incorporated into the following PETAL systems:

• Rockwell Collins CMU-900 ATN Router and Upper Layer Communication Services

• ARINC Air/Ground and Ground/Ground ATN Router Software

• ProATN Ground/Ground Routers and End-Systems used in the Maastricht centre

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Future Direction of ATC Datalink Technologies

– Co-existence of ATN/IP• IP and ATN Traffic sharing same networks and

datalinks where permitted• IP used for Airline and Passenger Communications • Standardised IP Sub-network to enable use of existing

public and private IP networks within the ATN

– Additional Sub-Network Support• VDLM4/VDLM3 as ATN Sub-Networks• Spread Spectrum CDMA• SATCOM Broadband Network• Wireless LAN Gatelink

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Future Direction of ATC Datalink Technologies (cont.)

– Security• Utilise Industry Standard PKI (Public Key Encryption)

Techniques, Procedures and Products• Authentication of Mobile Systems (Aircraft) by DSP and

ATSO• End-to-End Confidentiality and Non-Disclosure