The Future of Airport Surface Management Tools and Benefits to Operational Efficiency

Monday, April 2, 20182:00-3:30 PM ET

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Purpose

Discuss the current use and future implementation of airport surface management tools as they relate to operational efficiency and delay reduction.

Learning ObjectivesAt the end of this webinar, you will be able to:• Understand the capabilities and industry usage of existing

tools• Identify evolving capabilities and future integration plans

that will enable surface metering• Understand airport and airline roles in surface

management

NY SURFACE MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS

Surface Management was initially implemented in 2010 at JFK

Runway 13R/31L runway closure

Benefits were immediate

Initial program

Current program

Surface management

THE ISSUECan you guess how many departures are off the gate?

Why do we need surface management?

TOOLS

Surface Management Today

COMMON SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

Ramp towers

PA operations

PAPD

TSA

ARFF

PA management

Customs

Fueling

FAA facilities

OTHER NY AIRPORTS

EWR ARRIVAL INTENT

LGA ARRIVAL INTENT AND DEICE MANAGEMENT

EWR:ARRIVAL INTENT 7

LGA:ARRIVAL INTENT

LGA: DE-ICING MANAGEMENT9

IN DEVELOPMENT: JFK ARRIVAL INTENT

TARMAC DELAY ALERTS

JFK GATE AVAILABILITY

MONITORING OF PERFORMANCE

REPORTS

15

ARRIVAL PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT AT JFK COMPARED TO 2009

Improvement Type 2011 2012 2015

Taxi-in Time 400 hours 700 hours 1,000 hoursFuel 0.2 million kg 0.3 million kg 0.5 million kg

Fuel Cost $0.2 million $0.3 million $0.5 million

CO2 Emissions 700 metric tons 1,100 metric tons 1,700 metric tons

Passenger Time 2,200 person-days

3,700 person-days

5,300 person-days

Passenger Time @ $30/hr $1.6 million $2.6 million $3.8 million

Improvement Per Month During Summer

Multiply by 10 for approximate annual value

Future of Surface management?

Transition from the current system to the TFDM program

We may expand our surface tools to incorporate TEB operation

CONTACT INFORMATION:

RALPH TAMBURROMANAGER, DELAY REDUCTIONPORT AUTHORITY OF NY/NJ

RTAMBURRO@PANYNJ.GOV

Insights Gained from the Ongoing Integrated Arrival/Departure/Surface (IADS) Traffic Flow

Operational Prototype

Al Capps, NASA Ames Research CenterApril 2, 2018

• Learning objectives:– Understand the collaborative integrated environment in which the future surface

system will operate and the importance of wholistic traffic flow measures – Identify several traffic flow capabilities on the horizon with the surface system

and insights gained from ongoing prototyping and analysis

2

Learning Objectives

Overview video online at: http://aviationsystemsdivision.arc.nasa.gov/research/tactical/atd2.shtml

How can surface technology help traffic flow planning for airport health and efficient arrival/departure flows?

ATD-2 is a field demonstration that evaluates the benefits of wholisticconsideration of arrival, departure and surface (IADS) traffic flows while introducingnew technologies and procedures into its collaborative operational environment

3

Airspace Technology Demonstration 2 (ATD-2)

ATC/Operator Data Exchange and Integration Collaborative Planning the Real-Time Flow

Overhead Stream Operational Integration Collaborative Surface Metering w/Ramp Tool

• Local Operators/ATC use of EOBTs, TMATs, Fix Closures, APREQs, Etc.

• What are the key limitations/blockers at this time in NAS evolution? Key benefits?

4

ATC/Operator Data Exchange and Integration Foundational for Advanced Surface Capability

KILNS PHL

E2230

EOBT prediction accuracy increases at: • 10m prior. 40.9% more accurate w/17.6% more predictability• 15m prior. 27.8% more accurate w/8.7% more predictability• 20m prior. 35.1% more accurate w/6.7% more predictability• For 25 minutes and greater. EOBTs are same as legacy

ATC Use of Earliest OFF Block Times (EOBT)

Better gate conflict information

Better runway intent information

ATC to Operator

KILNS

A2100APREQ

MIT

Dep FixClosure

Dep FixCDR

AirportStop

EDCT

E2340Q

18L

APREQ &EDCT

ATC Runway Change

Operator to ATC

DAL8928

JIA5026

SWA210BARMY-EWR

B752

UAL1087KILNS-EWR

FDX1935 B752KILNS-EWR

JBU1118 E190

JFKUPS1283 B752

UPS

FDX

A10 27

A2 27

A4 27

E5 27

A6

Displayed in Ramp Operations

TMC Planning Display with Traffic Forecast

Research questions the field demonstration is seeking to inform• There are many uses of Earliest Off Block Times (EOBTs), some with competing goals.

The same EOBT prediction is used for TMC planning, overhead stream insertion, downstream system integration and surface metering. Given this, what are the most important EOBT metrics that Operators can use as a guideline? How does improvement in EOBT equate to benefit for the broader aviation community?

• How should Operators more fully integrate tactical overhead stream scheduling (“wheels up”) information into their operations to fully support future Trajectory Based Operations (TBO) goals and greater predictability?

Insights from field demonstration• High quality gate conflict detection information is important to overall surface health. Arrival

flight backups in the ramp can extend into the airport movement area and lead to surface gridlock. High quality gate conflict information in turn leads to the need for high quality arrival data, as well as inputs to keep up with untracked flights in the ramp.

• Integrating new data into an intuitive display for complex ramp operations requires procedural and cultural changes. The ramp traffic console in operational use at CLT has a number of ‘best practices’ integrated from these lessons to help facilitate this transition.

5

ATC/Operator Data Exchange and IntegrationResearch Questions and Insights

CLT Airport

ZTL/ZDC Boundary

Frequent Sector Capacity Challenges

TBFM meter point to Potomac airports

TBFM meter point to NY airports

Overhead Stream Overview

CLT Airport

ZTL/ZDC Boundary

Frequent Sector Capacity Challenges

TBFM meter point to Potomac airports

TBFM meter point to NY airports

• Approximately 1 in 10 flights that depart CLT are subject to an FAA controlled time with a narrow departure window

• Meeting controlled departure times is important for many downstream facilities (and success of future Trajectory Based Operations plans the FAA is pursuing)

• By integrating the surface system’s predictions with the overhead stream, more efficient use of existing capacity can be obtained as well as increased predictability

Overhead Stream Overview

8

Overhead Stream Operational IntegrationBenefits Preview

45

50

55

60

65

Fuel Saved Per APREQ Flight Scheduled at Gate - Increasing

Over Time

LBS Fuel

42,824 lbs. of fuel saved by scheduling APREQs at gate.Trending upward.

22.5 hours of delay saved by electronically renegotiating a better overhead stream time for over 172 flights. Trending upward.

• The benefits described here are associated with better use of existing capacity in the overhead stream, and technology to reduce surface delay.

• These benefits are in addition to (distinct from) surface metering savings.

Research questions the field demonstration is seeking to inform• What is the ideal look-ahead scheduling time horizon considering the tradeoffs between

scheduling too early with uncertain data that can lead to re-planning, versus too late with more predictive certainty but less ability to hold delay at the gate?

• What are the important trade off considerations when calibrating surface generated taxi out times? Erring on the ambitious side of taxi estimates can lead to less airport movement area delay but more re-planning, versus on the conservative side with less re-planning but more airport movement area congestion.

Insights from field demonstration• Showing available overhead stream capacity (“red space, green space”) to surface

planners in an integrated and intuitive manner can reduce delay and lead to substantial benefits.

• Target Movement Area entry Times (TMATs) are an important hand off point for FAA controlled flights and Operators. However, treating TMATs for both surface metering and FAA controlled flights of equal importance to Operators may have the undesired side-effect of de-accentuating the importance of FAA controlled flights which have NAS-wide impact.

9

Overhead Stream Operational IntegrationResearch Questions and Insights

Surface Metering Process Flow OverviewGenerate Demand and Capacity Predictions Monitor Surface Demand Capacity Imbalances

“What If” available. If Surface Metering, Go to Step

TOBT Advisory

TMAT Advisory

Enable Metering. Set Hold Level

Honor TOBT and TMAT advisories

Evaluate Metering Effectiveness

21

3 4 5

3

10

11

Local Surface Demand/Capacity Imbalance

Bank 2

CLT has 9 banks a day

• Surface metering seeks to shift existing excess taxi time to the gate to allow a more fuel efficient and environmentally friendly departure

• Surface metering is enabled during local demand/capacity imbalances on the surface of the airport. This is distinct from down stream (airspace) imbalances.

• Surface metering at CLT was evaluated beginning with the largest bank of the day (bank 2), and has recently begun expanding to other banks

12

Collaborative Surface Metering Benefits

Saved approximately 104,339 lbs of fuel by small holds at gate

Initial benefits observed from S-CDM surface metering during Bank 2 and 3 at CLT:

Pre MeteringLonger Taxi

Post MeteringShorter Taxi

Reduced AMA taxi out times during its use via small holds at gate

AMA Excess Taxi Duration

Lower is Better

11.29.2017 03.11.2018

Saved approximately 146 metric tons of CO2, equivalent to planting 3,738 urban trees

Metered in Bank 2 & 3

Metered in Bank 2 only

13

Importance of Surface Health In Collaborative Traffic Flow Decisions

Arrivals (green) during the bank awaiting departures to clear to finish their transit to the gate Arrivals

Departures

• Below, a departure (in blue) pushes back in the ramp to depart on time. This causes multiple arrival flights to delay their final taxi to the gate.

• Challenges in the ramp can extend back to the airport movement area

• Traffic flow decisions that involve both the ramp and airport movement area are traditionally beyond the scope of either group

14

Need: Wholistic Measurements of Traffic Flow “Do No Harm” While Achieving Benefits

Surface Congestion

Gate Hold

Compliance

Predictability

Research questions the field demonstration is seeking to info• At what look-ahead time are the pre-departure predictions accurate enough to finalize the

surface metering plan while also allowing advanced notice of gate holds for stakeholders?

• How does arrival configuration and TMC runway utilization strategy factor into surface metering decisions? Do certain flows not lend themselves to surface metering given negative impact to wholistic stakeholder metrics? How does the calibration change by flow?

Insights from field demonstration• For maximum benefit, the ability to front load a surface metered bank is important to both

departure and arrival flows. Otherwise, a ‘slow start’ to releasing flights from the gate may ripple through the departure metering procedure which can negatively impact performance.

• Given current levels of EOBT accuracy, using actual flight pushback/taxi is useful to start and stop metering. Using actual demand on the surface for metering initialization gives substantially more predictability of metering performance and leads to more consistent taxi out.

15

Collaborative Surface Metering w/Ramp Tool Research Questions and Insights

What is Next for ATD-2?

16

Phase 2 (Fusion, Sept 2018)• Strategic planning tools (strategic/tactical fusion)• Electronic Flight Data (EFD) Integration• TFDM Terminal Publication (TTP) prototype• Mobile app for EOBTs (GA community)• ZTL/ATL airspace tactical scheduling • Agile development from:

• Field demo partner requests• TFDM risk reduction needs (as requested)• CDM community inputs (as requested)

Phase 3 (Terminal, Sep 2019)• Terminal departure airspace constraints• Additional APREQ features• Agile development from:

• Field demo partner requests• TFDM risk reduction needs (as requested)• CDM community inputs (as requested)

17

Equation for IADS Success

+

Strong Collaboration Surface Automation Game Changing Benefits

=

+ =

18

Equation for IADS Success

+

Strong Collaboration Surface Automation

=

+ = Game Changing Benefits

Future of Airport Surface Management Tools &

Benefits to Operational Efficiency

Implementation of FAA’s Terminal Flight Data

Manager (TFDM)

By: Michael Huffman, TFDM Program Manager

For: TRB Webinar

Date: April 2, 2018

v. 1

Learning Objectives

1. Understand the capabilities and industry usage of existing tools

2. Identify evolving capabilities and future integration plans that will enable surface metering

3. Understand airport and airline roles in surface management

1

Agenda

• What is TFDM?

• Why TFDM?

• TFDM Program Overview

• Implementation Sites by Configuration

2

What is TFDM?

EFD

Systems Consolidation

• TFDM will provide an integrated tower flight data automation system, which will improve controllers’ common situational awareness.

• TFDM will improve efficiencies on the airport surface and terminal airspace by providing:

TFDM is the surface management solution for NextGen.

• Electronic Flight Strips in the Tower

• Traffic Flow Management Integration

• Collaborative Decision Making for the Surface

• Systems Consolidation

3

Key Benefits:

• Fuel Savings: 313M Gal.

• Carbon Emission Savings: 3M Metric Tons

1. TFDM modernizes the air traffic control tower equipment by improving the exchange of electronic flight data and implementing electronic flight strips.

2. TFDM streamlines the schedule sequence of departures to improve efficiency on the surface.

3. TFDM optimizes the experience for the flying public, Air Traffic Control, and the airline industry by improving the collaboration and decision making capabilities between the gate and the tower.

Why TFDM?

4

Learning Objective 2: Identify evolving capabilities and future integration plans that will enable surface metering

TFDM Modernizes

EFD

Electronic Flight Data

• Replaces paper flight strips

• Provides an improved Electronic Flight Data

(EFD) exchange and Electronic Flight Strips

(EFS) in the tower.

• Integrated with Flight Plans for automatic

updating.

5

Learning Objective 2: Identify evolving capabilities and future integration plans that will enable surface metering

TFDM Modernizes

EFD

System Consolidation

• Replaces multiple existing unsupportable

systems in the National Airspace System

through integration of their functionality into

TFDM.

• Achieves technology modernization,

improved data sharing and lower maintenance

costs.

• Systems to be consolidated include Airport

Resource Management Tool, Departure Spacing

Program, Electronic Flight Strip Transfer

System, Prototype Advanced Electronic Fight

Strips, and Surface Movement Advisor.

6

TFDM Streamlines

EFD

Learning Objective 2: Identify evolving capabilities and future integration plans that will enable surface metering

Collaborative Decision Making for

the Surface

• Will provide a departure scheduler with live

data provided by Air Traffic

systems/controllers and Flight Service

Providers.

• Will provide departure metering capability,

runway balancing and other surface

management tools, improving surface

traffic flow management.

7

TFDM Optimizes

EFD

Learning Objective 3: Understand airport and airline roles in surface management

Traffic Flow Management

• Collaborating with flight operators to exchange

information vital to the metering of aircraft.

• Operators and service providers need to

subscribe to TFDM Terminal Publication (TTP)

service in order to receive critical data.

• Will enhance the traffic flow management

data integration to enable flight operators,

controllers and airports to share and exchange

real-time data.

• Will result in improved surface traffic

management.

8

TFDM Program Overview

• June 2016• Leidos (Subcontractor SAAB Sensis)FID & Contract Award

• 89 airports from FY2020 to FY2028• Two configurations (A & B)• Two Build development (Builds 1 & 2)

• Build 1 key site – PHX (FY2020)• Build 2 key site – CLT (FY2021)

Implementation Plan

• FAA’s Acquisition Management System Solution Implementation Phase

• System DevelopmentCurrent Phase

9

The 89 Airports will receive one of two configurations based on functional need:

TFDM Configurations

Configuration A 27 Sites

EFD S-CDM

TFM Systems Consolidation

Configuration B 62 Sites

EFDSystems

Consolidation

Full Functionality TFDM• Electronic flight data integration, including electronic flight

strips in towers

• Surface surveillance data integration

• Full Decision Support Tools (including surface scheduler/ metering)

• Traffic flow management data exchange and integration

• Surface Situational Awareness on Traffic Flow Management System traffic management unit displays in the Terminal Radar Approach Control, Air Route Traffic Control Center, and Air Traffic Control System Command Center.

Improved EFD exchange only TFDM• Electronic flight data integration, including electronic flight

strips in towers

• Surface Situational Awareness capability on Traffic Flow Management System traffic management unit displays at selected sites

10

Configuration A (27 sites)Configuration B (62 sites)

LEGEND

PVD (B)BOS (A)

LGA (A)JFK (A)

TEB (B)

EWR (A)

HPN (B)

ANC

SEA

PDX

LNK

DEN

DFWDAL

BDL (B)

IAH

HOU

ATL

PHL (A)

BWI (A)

DCA (A)

ADW (B)

IAD

RIC

CMH

ORF(B)

ORD MDW

PHXSDL

DVT

IWA

CLE

GSO RDUCLT

FLLMIA

MCO FXEPBITPA

TLHDAB

SAVMGM

LITBHM

HSV

JAX

CHS

CAE

DAY

GPT

STL

BUF

CVG

SDF

IND

SYR

BNA

HNL

PRCFSM

PIT

ISP (B)

MEM

OMA

TYS

ICT

BOI

MAF

DTWAZO

MSP

LEX

BIL

FWA

CRP

AVP

SAT

SFO

SMF

OAK

SJC

LAX

SAN

LAS

SLC

Implementation Sites by Configuration

11

TFDM Information

• Want to learn more about TFDM? Click on the link below!

https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/technology/tfdm/

• TFDM POC:Michael HuffmanTFDM Program ManagerMichael.Huffman@faa.gov

12

Back-Up

13

Shared awareness of data for more efficient use of the airport surface

Flight Operators Improved schedule predictability/crew

utilization Less taxi time/fuel burn Increased reliability of connections Aircraft held at gate instead of on the

taxiway

Benefits of TFDM

14

Shared awareness of data for more efficient use of the airport surface

Airport Operators Reduced CO2 footprint Reduced engine noise Improved predictability More balanced use of airport resources

Benefits of TFDM

15

Shared awareness of data for more efficient use of the airport surface

Flying Public Improved predictability Fewer delays More reliable flight schedules Improved passenger satisfaction Passengers comfortably waiting in the terminal

instead of in the aircraft waiting on the taxiway.

Benefits of TFDM

16

Shared awareness of data for more efficient use of the airport surface

Air Traffic Control Automatically updated flight plans and electronic

flight strips Easier rescheduling Decreased verbal coordination Fewer aircraft in the movement area and

departure queue Improved surface situational awareness at the

TRACON, ARTCC, and Command Center Improved safety – less heads down time

Benefits of TFDM

17

Today’s Participants• Jennifer Dermody, Metropolitan Washington

Airports Authority, Jennifer.Dermody@MWAA.com

• Ralph Tamburro, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, rtamburro@panynj.gov

• Al Capps, NASA, Al.Capps@nasa.gov• Michael Huffman, Federal Aviation

Administration, Michael.Huffman@faa.gov

Panelists Presentations

http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/webinars/180402.pdf

After the webinar, you will receive a follow-up email containing a link to the recording

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