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The functions of the cell organelles
Cytoplasm • Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell.• Described by Felix Dujardin
Cytoskeleton
Provides internal supportSupports organelles and maintains the shape of the cellMade up of microtubules and microfilaments
Nucleus• Controls activities of cells, cell reproduction &
heredity
Nuclear Membrane
Nucleolus
Controls transport of materials into and out of the nucleus
Synthesis and storage of RNA
PORES
Chromosomes/Chromatin
Genetic information
Ribosomes: Site of protein synthesis
• Composed of 2 subunits. Prokaryotes = 70s ribosomes
Eukaryotes = 80s ribosomes
Ribosomes are located - on the endoplasmic reticulum
- on the surface of the nuclear envelope
- free floating in the cytoplasm.
2 parts of ribosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum“Internal Transport System”
• Transports substances throughout the cell • Rough ER is site of protein synthesis• Smooth ER is the site of lipid and steroid
synthesis and detoxifies substances.
Golgi Apparatus“The Packaging Plant”
• Temporarily stores, packages, and transports materials• Packages digestive enzymes to make lysosomes.• Lysosomes digest food particles and foreign substances.
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgiapparatus
Lysosomes
NucleusThe Endomembrane System
Vacuoles/vesicles
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
Plasma Membrane
Mitochondria“Powerhouse” of the cell
Site of cellular respiration
Vacuoles/Vesicles Reservoirs for water and dissolved substances.
Stores food or waste.
Contractual vacuole for single celled animals
Plant cell vacuole
Cell Wall • Provides external support and protection• Prevents bacterial invasion• Made up of cellulose
In PLANTS Only
Plastids In PLANTS Only
Chloroplast: Contains chlorophyll which captures light energy for photosynthesis
Chromoplast: stores accessory pigments for photosynthesis Amyloplast/Leucoplast: stores excess glucose from photosynthesis as amylose/starch
In ANIMALS Only
Centrioles• Found in the cytoplasm
• Produce spindle fibers that are used to separate chromosomes during cell division.