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The French Solar Energy Institute : Objectives & perspectives

Philippe Malbranche

February 2007

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INES Foundation act: 3rd of July 2006

Signature of the partnership agreement with Mr Goulard Minister of Research

An institute based on a collaborative scheme :

- the alliance of CEA, CNRS and CSTB

- partnerships with manufacturers

A very young structure, around one year old

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Lens FEE

Limoges EMIX Lyon

Tenesol

MontpellierAPEX BP

GrenobleSchneider

CHAMBERY

ToulouseTenesol Aubagne

Giordano

PerpignanTecsol

Bourgoin Photowatt

Aix Clipsol

Pechiney

SomfyCIAT

Why INES ?

• The main French solar manufacturers are in the Rhône-Alpes region– Manufacturers involved in both solar thermal and PV– More than 2/3 of the French turnover

• The wish of the Savoie department and of the Rhône-Alpes region, to support economic development

• The strategic alliance of CEA, CNRS and CSTB on this topic

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« Ines Education » Training

R&D

Demonstration

Three types of activities

RDI100 people

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Our mission : to develop components, processes and systems to make solar energy an efficient and affordable solution

Material

Solar devices (PV, active or passive solar )

Solar Systems (electric, thermal)

Towards Zero Energy buildings

Silicon 100€/kg 15 €/kg

Electric: 6 €/Wp 2 €/Wc

100 kWh/m2/y + X (Positive energy houses)

Thermal: 1 €/Wp 0,4 €/W

Which thematics are addressed ? The ambition is to address the whole chain, from materials to the applications

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1. Solar cells and modules

2. Electrical systems

4. Solar thermal systems

5. Solar building design

3. Storage systems

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« Photosil » Silicon Material Platform

Solar electricity platformNanocomposite Solar cell platform

« RESTAURE »National Silicon Cell technology platform

Experimental Houses

INES main Building« headquarter »

Solar Thermal Platform

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INES Campus

Existing

Future

15 M€ buildings

2008

2009

15 M€ Equipment

From 2007

The R&D facilities

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Pilot facilities in the commissioning phase

Very promising results with 14% efficiency already obtained

Photosil, the silicon material platform

SEGREGATION

Plasma purification&

Crystalisation

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Broken pieces

Fusion 2 and plasma treatment

Transfert

Quick crystallisation

Si-SoG

Directional Crystallisation

Si-PV

Fusion 1

Segregation

Si-MG

Unmolding

APOLLON SOLAR

Towards a new source of silicon supply

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Platform dedicated to Silicon Cells Technology Pilot line for silicon solar cells processing since February 2004

• Clean Room: 10000 class, 240 m2, will be extended to 1000 in 2008 in Chambéry

Industrial tools (b)• Up to 200 x 200 mm2 wafer size

ADVANCED R&D PLATFORM FOR INDUSTRIAL INVESTIGATION• Innovative developments, Process Stabilization, Opened to Partnerships and knowledge-transfer services

Tools, Process Steps, Pilot Line,Integration, Cells TestingSiNx :H

Al p+

n+ p

SiNx :H

POCl3 diffusion PECVD chamber Screen printer IR Furnace

The Si Cell RESTAURE Research platform

16,7 % multi-C 150 x 150 mm2 with std process

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The nanocomposite solar cell lab : processing and characterisation equipment

November 06Efficiency = 4,2 % on 28 mm²,

main activities on stability

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The PV systems lab

• Characterization, power system monitoring and analysis • Design of innovative solutions for grid-connected and stand-alone applications• Demonstration services

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Lynx 1

Puma 2 et 3

Démonstrateurs(projet INCAS)

Champ PV : 100 kW

Transformateurx MVA

GCogénération

Local techniquedémonstrateurs

Champ PV 10 kW

Champ PV x kW

AC

DC

Com

Lynx 2

PV systems lab : outline of the microgrid system

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50 test benches for the evaluation of several storage

technologies(-30°C à +60°C)

2 characterisation laboratories

terminal métallique

Électrolyte immobilisé

joint toriquebouchon/membrane de graphite

bouchon permettant la compression/stabilisation mécanique

terminal métallique

Électrolyte immobilisé

joint toriquebouchon/membrane de graphite

bouchon permettant la compression/stabilisation mécanique

Development of low-cost reference

electrodes

Storage system test and R&D facilities A world-class

« storage system test facility »

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C100 C10 C1 10C

0,10€/kWh

0,50€/kWh

Storage additional cost

Current, power

Distributed generation

Gradual evolution

Stand-alone systems

Solar and building applications

EV and HV

Transport applications

Storage systems : a coherence between building and transportation applications

Safety

Energy management

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Design and characterisation of solar thermal systems (heating and cooling) :

- Domestic hot water systems,- Kombi-systems,- Cooling systems (dessicant cooling, absorption)

Banc d’essai : schéma global

•Boucle à dimensionner

•Modélisation du comportement dynamique

•Réalisation des plans d’ensembles

Centrale EC

•55 kW@180°C

•Ou ballon

Centrale EF

•150 kW@-15°C

Chaufferie Centrale

Boucle de Distribution Centrale

Cellule 1 Cellule 2 Cellule 3

Module E Module G

Solar thermal systems lab :

Test facility for kombi-systems : First test on a CLIPSOL heating system

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75 m

Two 0-energy housesObjective : design passive houses with a special focus on summer comfort, and solar energy integration

LYNX LYNX II

138

m

Zone plateforme INCAS

Zone d’exclusion aéroport Technical BuildingControl of monitoring activitiesDemonstration of : • Solar cooling systems• Electrical storage systems

Building components test facility• Passys cells• Structures for roofing and façade components

The Incas platform : a research tool for the design and the performance validation of 0-energy buildings

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LYNX LYNX II

Zone d’exclusion aéroport

Later on :

Building of many more « concept homes », through a request for proposals opened to consortia of architects, manufacturers, and builders

Objectives • Innovations • Energy consumption and comfort• Cost-effectiveness

Results :• Development of models and software, dedicated to the design of energy-efficient buildings• Innovative constructive solutions• Building performance characterisation • Performance improvement services

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PHASE 3

Commissioning in 2009

Retour : 2 mars 2007

Jury du concours : 17 avril 2007

Behnisch (Allemand)

Mario Cucinella (Italien)

Michel Remon (français)

Mario Cucinella

Michel Remon

Behnisch

The INES headquarters : an energy-efficient building

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• State-of-the art research & demonstration facilities, opened to :– Researchers– Industrial partnerships, start-ups

• A training platform through INES Education, offering knowledge transfer services

• A large dynamic due to : – The coherence of the strategy– The complementarity of the partners– The investments of local and regional collectivities

• A strong interest in : – PV : mainly 2.1.5 to 2.1.11– CSP : 2.5.1– Renewables for heating and cooling : 4.1.1 to 4.1.3– Smartgrids : 7.1, and 7.3.2 on value of storage

Conclusions