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The First The First EstateEstate
• Clergy (Church Workers)
• 1% of population
• Control 10% of land in France
• Give 2% of income to the French
government
The Second The Second EstateEstate
• Rich Nobles
• 2% of France’s
population
• Own 20% of the land
• Pay $0 in taxes
• Cost of living goes
• Drought makes grain
scarce
• Bread prices go
• France gives to the
American Revolution
• Refuses to listen to advisors• Marie Antoinette earns the name “Madame Deficit”
• Excessive spending on:
• Result: Increase in France’s debt
A Solution?A Solution?• Louis decides the solution to
debt is to TAX the Rich Nobles
• Calls a meeting of the Estates-General
• Each estate gets one vote
Creation of the Creation of the National AssemblyNational Assembly
• Third Estate calls for an equal vote• Louis says “NO!” He sides with
the nobles• Siéyés – Clergyman who convinces
the Third Estate to pass laws in the name of the people
National Assembly, cont.
The Third Estate gets a new name!
National Assembly
Why is “National Assembly” a good name for the Third Estate?
What is the Third What is the Third Estate?Estate?
“Therefore, what is the Third Estate? Everything; but an everything
shackled and oppressed. What would it be without the privileged order? Everything, but an everything free
and flourishing. Nothing can succeed without it, everything would be
infinitely better without the others.”
The Tennis Court The Tennis Court OathOath
• National Assembly (Third Estate)is locked out of the meeting!
• They meet on a tennis court to write a new constitution.
• King Louis calls for guards to surround Versailles.
The Storming of the The Storming of the BastilleBastille
• People fear the arrival of the army.
• July 14, 1789 – French citizens storm the Bastille , looking for weapons
The Rights of ManAugust 26, 1789
• The Declaration of the Rights of Man is ratified by the National Assembly (formerly known as the Third Estate)
• “Men are born free and remain equal in rights.”
• Other guaranteed rights: speech, religion, equal justice