THE FORMATION OF THE FORMATION OF WESTERN EUROPE WESTERN EUROPE

REVIEWREVIEW

Part I: Q/APart I: Q/A

A style of architecture that evolved in medieval Europe in the early 1100s.

Gothic

The region called Palestine where Jesus lived and preached.

Holy Land

The practice of selling positions in the Church.

simony

The long effort by the Spanish to drive the Muslims out of Spain.

Reconquista

The English king who was left to lead the Third Crusade and regain the Holy Land.

Richard the Lion-Hearted

A court held by the Church to suppress heresy, or the practice of religious beliefs that differed from those of the Church.

Inquisition

The pope who called for “holy war” in 1093.

Urban II

Another term for “holy war” to take control of Holy Land.

Crusade

A pilgrimage by children who set out to conquer Jerusalem with the belief that God supported their efforts.

Children’s Crusade

Muslim leader who allowed Christians to freely visit the Holy Land after reaching a truce with the English king in 1192.

Saladin

Part II: Fill in the blankPart II: Fill in the blank

A scholar in the 1200s named __________ said that logic could prove many religious truths.

Thomas Aquinas

In many European countries, your _________ could also label your profession.

surname

The expansion of trade and business as agriculture was expanding is called the __________.

Commercial Revolution

Scholars who met together at universities were known as schoolmen, or __________.

scholastics

In the 1100s, poets began to use the everyday languages of their homeland, or the __________.

vernacular

__________ were documents given by a bank to an individual allowing that person to withdraw an amount of money from the bank or one of its branches.

Letters of credit

The __________ allowing villages to grow more food by organizing land into three fields instead of two.

Three-field system

Merchants and craftspeople who lived in the towns and who demanded privileges such as freedom from tolls and the right to govern their town were called ___________.

burghers

A day worker, known as __________, had to complete several steps in order to become a master in his craft.

journeyman

The first __________ was a group of merchants who worked to improve the economic and social conditions of its members.

guild

Part III: Q/APart III: Q/A

A legislative assembly made up of the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

parliament

The English king who introduced the use of juries to the English judicial system.

Henry II

An assembly made up of the First, Second, and Third Estates.

Estates-General

Anglo-Saxon ruler who was defeated by the Normans at the Battle of Hastings.

Harold Godwinson

The duke of Normandy who defeated the Anglo-Saxons to conquer England.

William the Conqueror

French duke who began a dynasty of French kings that ruled France from 987 to 1328

Hugh Carpet

A document that guaranteed basic political rights and limited the English king’s powers.

Magna Carta

A unified body of law that became the basis for law in many English-speaking countries.

Common law

Danish king that conquered England and molded the Anglo-Saxons and Vikings into one people.

Canute

Capetian king who greatly expanded the French kingdom’s lands.

Philip II

Part IV: Multiple ChoicePart IV: Multiple Choice

Joan of Arc A) is remembered as a heroic English hero.

B) at age 17 led French troops to victory over England.

C) was burned at the stake at the orders of Charles.

D) escaped from Church officials and returned to Aachen a hero.

What was the major cause of the Great Schism?

A) the morality of the Crusades

B) arguments about whether Jesus or the pope was the head of the Church

C) ethics and wealth within the Church

D) arguments about which man holding the position of pope was the true pope

Which group was most responsible for the spread of the bubonic plague to Europe?

A) InvadersB) TradersC) French soldiersD) Crusaders

What was the chief goal of the Crusades?

A) to force the Byzantines to become Catholics.

B) to improve trade among Europe, Asia, and Africa.

C) to recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks.

D) spread Christianity throughout Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Which of the following was the central issue of the Hundred Years’ War?

A) the throne of France

B) the throne of England

C) the location of the pope’s home

D) the religion of the French people

Essay questionsEssay questions

What forces brought an end to the Age of Chivalry? (consider the effects of the Hundred Years’ War and the effects of trade)

Essay questionsEssay questions

What were some of the most important effects of the bubonic plague in Europe? (consider people’s attitudes and families, economic effects, and effects on the Church)

Essay questionsEssay questions

How did the Crusades and the Great Schism change the balance of power in medieval Europe? (consider effects of the Crusades, the conclusion of the Fourth Crusade, King Phillip IV and the selection of bishops)

Essay questionsEssay questions

How did English government change during the late Middle Ages, and what caused those changes? (consider the impact of royal judges and juries, the impact of the Magna Carta, and the impact of wars against the French)