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The following types of muscle tissue and nervous tissue are covered in this activity:
1. Skeletal muscle (muscles attached to the skeleton)
2. Smooth muscle (muscles lining hollow organs)
3. Cardiac muscle (heart)
4. Nervous tissue (nervous system)
Various membranes are also covered:
1. Cutaneous membranes
2. Mucous membranes
3. Serous membranes (parietal and visceral layers)
a. Peritoneum – abdominal organs
b. Pericardium – heart
c. Pleura – lungs
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.10a Muscle tissues.
(a) Skeletal muscle
Description: Long, cylindrical,multinucleate cells; obviousstriations.
Function: Voluntary movement;locomotion; manipulation of theenvironment; facial expression;voluntary control.
Location: In skeletal musclesattached to bones oroccasionally to skin.
Photomicrograph: Skeletal muscle (approx. 460x).Notice the obvious banding pattern and thefact that these large cells are multinucleate.
Nuclei
Striations
Part ofmuscle fiber (cell)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.10b Muscle tissues.
(b) Cardiac muscle
Description: Branching, striated, generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate atspecialized junctions (intercalated discs).
Function: As it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation; involuntary control.Location: The walls of the heart.
Photomicrograph: Cardiac muscle (500X);notice the striations, branching of cells, andthe intercalated discs.
Intercalateddiscs
Striations
Nucleus
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
(c) Smooth muscle
Description: Spindle-shapedcells with central nuclei; nostriations; cells arranged closely to form sheets.
Function: Propels substancesor objects (foodstuffs, urine,a baby) along internal passage-ways; involuntary control.
Location: Mostly in the wallsof hollow organs.
Photomicrograph: Sheet of smooth muscle (200x).
Smoothmusclecell
Nuclei
Figure 4.10c Muscle tissues.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.9 Nervous tissue.
Photomicrograph: Neurons (350x)
Function: Transmit electricalsignals from sensory receptorsand to effectors (muscles andglands) which control their activity.
Location: Brain, spinalcord, and nerves.
Description: Neurons arebranching cells; cell processesthat may be quite long extend fromthe nucleus-containing cell body;also contributing to nervous tissueare nonirritable supporting cells(not illustrated).
Dendrites
Neuron processes Cell body
Axon
Nuclei ofsupportingcells
Cell bodyof a neuron
Neuronprocesses
Nervous tissue
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.11 Classes of membranes.
Cutaneous membrane
(skin
Mucosa of nasalcavity
Mucosa of lungbronchi
Mucosa of mouth
Esophagus lining
Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium
(a) Cutaneous membrane (the skin) covers the body surface.
(b) Mucous membranes line body cavities open to the exterior.
(c) Serous membranes line body cavities closed to the exterior.
Parietalperitoneum
Visceralperitoneum
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.11a Classes of membranes.
Cutaneousmembrane(skin)
(a) Cutaneous membrane (the skin)covers the body surface
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.11b Classes of membranes.
Mucosa ofnasal cavity
Mucosa oflung bronchi
Mucosa ofmouthEsophaguslining
(b) Mucous membranes line body cavitiesopen to the exterior
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.11c Classes of membranes.
Parietalpericardium
Visceralpericardium
(c) Serous membranes line body cavitiesclosed to the exterior
ParietalperitoneumVisceralperitoneum
ParietalpleuraVisceralpleura
What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Skeletal muscle
muscles attached to the skeleton
What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Smooth muscle
muscles lining hollow organs
What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Cardiac muscle
heart
What kind of tissue does this represent?
Where in the body can you find this tissue?
Nervous tissue
nervous system
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.11a Classes of membranes.
Membrane covers the body surface
Cutaneousmembrane(skin)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 4.11b Classes of membranes.
Membranes line body cavitiesopen to the exterior
Mucosa ofnasal cavity
Mucosa oflung bronchi
Mucosa ofmouthEsophaguslining