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The Flu Vaccine & Alternate Treatments for the Flu Dr. Kelly Han, ND Walnut Creek Naturopathic February 2013

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The  Flu  Vaccine  &  Alternate  Treatments  for  the  Flu  

Dr.  Kelly  Han,  ND  Walnut  Creek  Naturopathic  

February  2013  

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What  Causes  the  Flu?  

•  Influenza  virus  •  3  types:  A,  B,  and  C  •  Each  type  has  many  subtypes  and  species  •  Responsible  for  over  306  different  influenza  viruses  

•  Different  strain  predominates  every  year  •  Peaks  in  January  –  February  (season  Oct-­‐May)  •  Common  symptoms:  Fever,  faYgue,  headache,  body  ache,  sore  throat,  stuffy  nose,  runny  nose,  vomiYng,  diarrhea,  cough    

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How  is  the  Flu  spread?  

•  Respiratory  droplets-­‐  coughing,  sneezing,  touching  contaminated  surfaces  

•  Contagious  1  day  before  symptom  onset  and  5-­‐7  days  a^er  symptom  onset  

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How  serious  is  the  Flu?  

•  Severity  of  the  flu  varies  from  year  to  year  •  Most  cases  are  mild-­‐moderate  and  resolve  without  complicaYon  

•  Severe  complicaYons  include  dehydraYon,  pneumonia,  and  inflammaYon  and  infecYon  of  heart,  lungs,  brain,  or  other  organs    

•  Severe  complicaYons  can  be  fatal  

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Flu  StaYsYcs  (USA)*  *staYsYcs  vary  according  to  source  

•  Millions  of  cases  per  year  (very  common)  – EsYmated  5-­‐20%  of  the  US  populaYon  

•  100,000-­‐200,000  hospitalizaYons  per  year  •  1500-­‐49,000  fataliYes  per  year  (1976-­‐2007)  •  >  90  %  hospitalizaYons  and  fataliYes  occur  in  age  65+  

•  Children  <  2  yrs  are  the  next  largest  group  at  risk  of  serious  complicaYon  

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The  Flu  Vaccine  

•  The  flu  vaccine  covers  3  influenza  viruses:  – Two  influenza  A  viruses  – One  influenza  B  virus  

•  Each  year  the  strains  are  updated  based  upon  predicYons  for  this  year’s  circulaYng  flu  viruses  

•  Data  is  collected  from  around  the  world  to  determine  the  included  strains  

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How  effecYve  is  the  Flu  Vaccine?  

•  Varies  from  year  to  year  •  There  have  been  limited  controlled  studies  demonstraYng  a  decrease  in  influenza  disease  a^er  vaccinaYon  

•  Research  shows  that  it  creates  anYbodies  to  influenza,  but  there  has  been  limited  correlaYon  with  disease  prevenYon  

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How  safe  is  the  Flu  Vaccine?  •  Common  Side  Effects:    Flu-­‐like  symptoms,  injecYon  site  reacYons,  

irritability,  fever,  drowsiness,  loss  of  appeYte,  vomiYng,  diarrhea  

•  Severe  S/E:    Febrile  seizures  (esp  <  2yo),  GBS,  severe  allergic  reacYons,  especially  egg  allergy  

•  Pregnancy:    Not  enough  human  data;  Category  C  or  B  

•  Breasneeding:    Not  enough  data,  generally  considered  safe  

•  Generally  best  to  give  it  away  from  other  vaccines  (1  mo  apart)  •  Flu  vaccine  is  not  well  studied  when  given  simultaneously  with  

other  vaccines  

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All  Flu  vaccines  are  not  created  equal  

•  Killed-­‐virus  injecYon  – Several  influenza  strains  grown  in  chicken  eggs  – AnYbioYcs  added  to  egg  – Viruses  removed  and  inacYvated  (non-­‐infecYous)  – Virus  parYcles  added  into  saline  soluYon  – Mercury  may  be  added  as  preservaYve  – Brands:  Fluzone,  Fluarix,  Agriflu,  Fluvirin,  FluLaval  

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All  Flu  vaccines  are  not  created  equal  

•  Live-­‐virus  nasal  spray  –  Several  influenza  strains  put  into  egg  to  mulYply  –  Fluid  removed,  purified,  and  mixed  with  sucrose  –  Put  into  nasal  spray  –  Live  virus  intended  to  mulYply  within  nose  and  throat  to  cause  a  low-­‐grade  infecYon  and  sYmulate  immunity  

– Mildly  contagious  for  3  weeks  –  Early  data  shows  works  berer  than  injecYon  – Approved  for  ages  2-­‐39  –  Brands:  FluMist  

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The  Flu  Vaccine  

•  CDC  recommends  annual  vaccinaYon  starYng  at  6  months  of  age  

•   High  risk-­‐groups  – Children  <  5  yo,  but  especially  <  2  yo  – Adults  age  65  and  older  – Pregnant  women  –  Individuals  with  immune  compromise  – Healthcare  workers  – Family  members  or  caretakers  of  above  groups  

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ContraindicaYons  for  the  Flu  Vaccine  

•  InacYvated-­‐virus:  –  CauYon  with  egg  allergy  –  Moderate  to  severe  acute  febrile  illness  –  History  of  negaYve  reacYon  to  vaccine  

•  Live-­‐virus:  –  Egg  allergy  –  Children  <  2  yo  –  Age  2-­‐4  yrs  with  history  of  asthma  or  wheezing  in  previous  12  

mo  –  Adults  50  years  and  older  –  Age  2-­‐18  yrs  receiving  rouYne  therapy  with  aspirin  or  salicylates  –  Pregnant  women  

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Choosing  a  Brand  of  Flu  Vaccine  

•  Choose  proper  brand  and  dose  for  age  •  Aim  for  mercury  free  

•  Fluzone  –  Only  flu  vaccine  approved  for  use  <  3  yo;  smaller  risk  of  febrile  seizure  

•  Mercury-­‐free:    Fluarix,  Agriflu,  FluMist  (contains  MSG),  Fluvirin  (single  dose)  

•  AnYbioYc-­‐free:    Fluzone,  FluLaval  

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To  Vaccinate  or  Not  To  Vaccinate?  

•  Reasons  to  vaccinate:  – Elderly    – Chronic  medical  problems  or  immuno-­‐compromised  

–  Infants  <  2  yrs  – Families  of  above  groups  – Financial  consideraYons  (from  loss  of  work)  

– History  of  severe  flu  

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To  Vaccinate  or  Not  To  Vaccinate?  

•  Reasons  NOT  to  vaccinate:  –  Risk  of  febrile  seizure    –  Flu-­‐like  illness  as  side  effect  –  Breasneeding  infants  are  less  suscepYble  to  flu  –  Pregnancy-­‐  lack  of  safety  informaYon  –  SensiYvity  to  chemicals  or  mercury  –  Children  >  2  yo  are  less  likely  to  require  hospitalizaYon  –  Research  is  unclear  if  flu  vaccine  is  effecYve  in  children  under  2  yo  

–  AnYviral  medicaYon  available  in  first  48  hours  –  AlternaYve  opYons  are  available  for  prevenYon  and  treatment  of  flu  

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AlternaYve  OpYons  for  Flu  PrevenYon  

•  Set  a  strong  foundaYon  for  health  and  immunity  – Diet:      

•  Sugar  and  dairy-­‐free.    •  Limited  intake  of  refined  carbohydrates  and  alcohol.    •  Increase  intake  of  fruit,  vegetables,  garlic,  &  ginger  

– Avoid  smoking  and  recreaYonal  drug  use  – Daily  intake  of  8-­‐10  glasses  of  water  – Stress  reducYon  and  management    

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AlternaYve  OpYons  to  Treat  the  Flu  

•  REST,  REST,  REST  •  Elderberry  (no  standard  dosage)  •  Vitamin  D  (1000-­‐4000  IU  daily)  •  ProbioYcs  (25  billion  organisms  daily)  •  Garlic  (400  mg,  3x  per  day;  standardized  to  contain  1.3%  alliin  or  0.6%  allicin)  

•  Colostrum  (no  standard  dosage)  •  Zinc  (30-­‐50  mg  daily)  •  Mushrooms  (reishi,  maitake)  (no  standard  dosage)  •  Homeopathy  (see  separate  handout)  

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Elderberry  

•  Contains  flavonoids  •  Cooling-­‐  reduces  swelling  and  inflammaYon  

•  Mild  diaphoreYc-­‐  helps  opYmize  fever  and  break  a  sweat  

•  Expectorant-­‐  helps  expel  mucus  

•  AnY-­‐viral  and  anY-­‐bacterial  properYes  

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Elderberry  •  An#-­‐influenza  virus  effects  of  elderberry  juice  and  its  frac#ons.  Kinoshita  E,  Hayashi  

K,  Katayama  H,  Hayashi  T,  Obata  A.  •  Elderberry  showed  relaYvely  strong  defense  against  IFV  infecYon.  We  conclude  that  CJ-­‐E  had  

a  beneficial  effect  by  the  sYmulaYng  immune  response  and  prevenYng  viral  infecYon.  

•  Inhibitory  ac#vity  of  a  standardized  elderberry  liquid  extract  against  clinically-­‐relevant  human  respiratory  bacterial  pathogens  and  influenza  A  and  B  viruses.  Krawitz  C,  Mraheil  MA,  Stein  M,  Imirzalioglu  C,  Domann  E,  Pleschka  S,  Hain  T.  

•  Rubini  elderberry  liquid  extract  is  acYve  against  human  pathogenic  bacteria  as  well  as  influenza  viruses.  The  acYviYes  shown  suggest  that  addiYonal  and  alternaYve  approaches  to  combat  infecYons  might  be  provided  by  this  natural  product.  

•  Elderberry  flavonoids  bind  to  and  prevent  H1N1  infec#on  in  vitro.    Roschek  B  Jr,  Fink  RC,  McMichael  MD,  Li  D,  Alberte  RS  

•  The  H1N1  inhibiYon  acYviYes  of  the  elderberry  flavonoids  compare  favorably  to  the  known  anY-­‐influenza  acYviYes  of  Oseltamivir  (Tamiflu;  0.32  microM)  and  Amantadine  (27  microM).  

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Vitamin  D  

•  AcYvates  the  body’s  T-­‐cells  to  seek  and  destroy  invading  viruses  and  bacteria  

•  Calcitriol  [1,  25[OH]2  D3]  pre-­‐  and  post-­‐treatment  suppresses  inflammatory  response  to  influenza  A  (H1N1)  infec#on  in  human  lung  A549  epithelial  cells.    Khare  D,  Godbole  NM,  Pawar  SD,  Mohan  V,  Pandey  G,  Gupta  S,  Kumar  D,  Dhole  TN,  Godbole  MM.    

•  The  findings  provide  support  for  the  iniYaYon  of  vitamin  D  supplementaYon  program  in  reducing  the  severity  of  influenza.  

•  Randomized  trial  of  vitamin  D  supplementa#on  to  prevent  seasonal  influenza  A  in  schoolchildren.    Urashima  M,  Segawa  T,  Okazaki  M,  Kurihara  M,  Wada  Y,  Ida  H.  

•  This  study  suggests  that  vitamin  D(3)  supplementaYon  during  the  winter  may  reduce  the  incidence  of  influenza  A,  especially  in  specific  subgroups  of  schoolchildren.  

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ProbioYcs  

•  60-­‐80%  of  your  immune  system  is  located  in  lining  of  your  gut  

•  ProbioYcs  are  essenYal  to  maintaining  the  integrity  of  your  gut  lining  

•  ProbioYcs  enhance  acYvity  of  natural  killer  cells    

•  Enhance  digesYon  to  opYmize  nutrient  absorpYon  and  uYlizaYon  

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ProbioYcs  •  A  new  chance  of  preven#ng  winter  diseases  by  the  administra#on  of  synbio#c  

formula#ons.    Pregliasco  F,  Anselmi  G,  Fonte  L,  Giussani  F,  SchieppaP  S,  SoleQ  L.  •  These  results  demonstrate  that  a  regular,  long-­‐term  intake  of  various  synbioYcs  may  improve  

health  by  reducing  the  incidence  and  severity  of  respiratory  diseases  during  the  cold  season.  

•  Lactobacillus  plantarum  CECT7315  and  CECT7316  s#mulate  immunoglobulin  produc#on  aYer  influenzavaccina#on  in  elderly.    Bosch  M,  Méndez  M,  Pérez  M,  Farran  A,  Fuentes  MC,  Cuñé  J.  

•  L.  plantarum  CECT7315/7316  has  an  immunosYmulaYng  effect  and  could  be  used  to  improve  the  response  to  influenza  vaccinaYon  in  elderly.  

•  Lactobacillus  GG  as  an  immune  adjuvant  for  live-­‐a[enuated  influenza  vaccine  in  healthy  adults:  a  randomized  double-­‐blind  placebo-­‐controlled  trial.    Davidson  LE,  Fiorino  AM,  Snydman  DR,  Hibberd  PL.    

•  Lactobacillus  GG  is  potenYal  as  an  important  adjuvant  to  improve  influenza  vaccine  immunogenicity  

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Garlic  

•  Warming-­‐  moves  the  blood  and  lymph  •  Rich  in  selenium,  criYcal  to  immune  funcYon  

•  AnY-­‐viral,  anY-­‐bacterial,  anY-­‐fungal  properYes  •  May  be  contraindicated  with  blood-­‐thinning  medicaYons  

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Garlic  

•  Supplementa#on  with  aged  garlic  extract  improves  both  NK  and  γδ-­‐T  cell  func#on  and  reduces  the  severity  of  cold  and  flu  symptoms:  a  randomized,  double-­‐blind,  placebo-­‐controlled  nutri#on  interven#on.    Nantz  MP,  Rowe  CA,  Muller  CE,  Creasy  RA,  Stanilka  JM,  Percival  SS.  

•  SupplementaYon  of  the  diet  with  aged  garlic  extract  may  enhance  immune  cell  funcYon  and  that  this  may  be  responsible,  in  part,  for  reduced  severity  of  colds  and  flu.  

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Colostrum  

•  Augmenta#on  of  cellular  immunity  and  protec#on  against  influenza  virus  infec#on  by  bovine  late  colostrum  in  mice.  Uchida  K,  Hiruta  N,  Yamaguchi  H,  Yamashita  K,  Fujimura  K,  Yasui  H  

•   These  results  indicate  that  oral  administraYon  of  SCBLC  acYvates  not  only  systemic  cellular  immunity  but  also  local  cellular  immunity,  such  as  in  the  respiratory  tract,  and  that  acYvaYon  of  cellular  immunity  is  one  of  the  mechanisms  of  amelioraYon  of  Flu  infecYon.  

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Homeopathy  for  the  Flu  

•  Please  see  separate  handout    •  Epidemic  Updates  by  Paul  Herscu,  ND,  MPH  

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How  to  opYmize  a  fever  

•  Please  see  separate  handout  

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References  

•  Dr.  Sears,  The  Vaccine  Book  •  CDC  website:    –  hrp://www.cdc.gov/flu/index.htm  

•  Epidemic  updates  from  Paul  Herscu,  ND:  –  hrp://www.paulherscuepidemics.blogspot.com/2013/01/current-­‐influenza-­‐epidemic-­‐january-­‐2013.html#more  

•  Vaccine  Preventable  Diseases  and  Vaccine  Counseling  by  CANDACE  AASAN,  ND  at  CASCADE  NATURAL  MEDICINE  KIRKLAND,  WA  

•  Pediatric  VaccinaYons  by  Heather  Zwickey  

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THANK  YOU!  

•  Any  quesYons,  comments?  •  Interest  in  future  topics?  

Dr.  Kelly  Han,  ND  Walnut  Creek  Naturopathic  

February  2013