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How anime has been reading war trauma: Traumatic constructions of late night shows.
Aim:To examine representations and treatments of Japanese war trauma by anime, followingtheir history from Astro Boy to recent late night anime shows represented by noitaminA.
After describing “nuclear energy” “kamikaze” “loss,” and “apocalypse” in therobot genre, Japanese anime, along with the development of the late-nightshow, abandons the representation of the robot and further pursues thethemes of “final war,” ”final weapon,” and “apocalypse.” It has been and isproducing creative work within the tension between “avoidance ofcatastrophe” and “mourning,” with an effort to digest topics fromcontemporary social issues and the world state of affairs. It successfullyserves as an agent for transgenerational succession of traumatic themes.
The first boom(mid 1960s、SF)
ethics facing an extreme situation
flashback
Trans-generational
impact
crisis already in daily life
destruction
Toshie Mori, Masahiro Kinoshita, & Shigeyuki MoriCollabo. with Shigeo KawaguchiKonan Institute of Human Sciences
THE SUPER DIMENSION FORTRESS MACROSS
STAR BLAZERS NAUSICAÄ OF THE VALLEY
OF THE WIND
otaku formation, or good-for-nothingness
of protagonists
Twitter in Japanese(2008)
time-axes
final war
Birth of robot animeASTRO BOY
MOBILE SUIT GUNDAM
CODE GEASS LELOUCH OF
THE REBELLION
KEMONO FRIENDS
ASTRO BOY
nuclearweapon
sekai-keibattle girl
anime
kamikaze
noitaminAfocuses on adult
audiences.serious themes
children’s participation on
the frontier
naturalenvironment
nichijou-kei
SAGA OF TANYA THE EVIL
The second boom(mid 1970s〜mid 80s)
The third boom (introducing late-night shows)(mid 1990s〜mid 2000s)
pursuit of themes by use of night-show
Great HanshinEarthquake
Sarin attack by Aum(1995)
Cuba Crisis(1962)
“the end of the world” sentiment
target anime
The boom history
trauma related concept
otaku formation qualitative shift
MACROSS related anime
SAILOR MOON
the Equal EmploymentOpportunity Law(1985)
political genre
magical girl
PRINCESS MONONOKE
September 11(2001)
ultimateweapon
main theme
the financial crisis(2008)
youtube launched(2005)
SHE, THE ULTIMATE WEAPON
*We did not include the genre of AI andcyborg by closing up destructive weaponsand the destruction of the world.
GHOST IN THE SHELL
PSYCHO-PASS
Charlie Hebdo shooting(2015)
SHIN GODZILLA
MOBILE SUIT GUNDAM IRON-BLOODED ORPHANS
crisis intrusive
to daily life
RE:ZERO − STARTING LIFE IN ANOTHER
WORLD
GIRLS' LAST TOUR
“Catastrophe must be avoided” -> “itcan’t be helped. We will get alonghere.” resignation or maturation?
WHEN THEY CRY
repetition compulsiondesperate time leaps aiming at avoidance of catastrophe
THE MELANCHOLY OF HARUHI SUZUMIYA
LUCKY☆STARK-ON!
‘terrorism’ and ‘world politics’ visualized in
a daily life=not a remote world
short-cut from personal agony to the end of the
world without mediating agencies like society, politics, economy…
influence
SPIRITED AWAY
economic-labour problem
political themes“giant robot
genre” declines
mobile spreadssurveillance society
the reality of global financial crisis, which can not be avoided by
personal effort.
‘loose’ anime attracts general audience
other than anime-fan
Just one e-mail distorts the world
from “ avoidance of catastrophe to “survival after catastrophe”
YOUR NAME
A PLACE FURTHER THAN THE UNIVERSE
acceptance of mother’s death
without her body
time leap
sekai-kei genre
flow of genre
SALLY THE WITCH
robot anime
ultimateweapon
Time travel +
nichijou-kei
NEON GENESIS EVANGELION
political theme
thematic trend
STEINS;GATE 0
ominous nichijou-kei
Great East Japan Earthquake(2011)
STEINS;GATE
PUELLA MAGI MADOKA☆
MAGICA
bloody-minded work place
lifetime employment destroyed
dispatched employee
trauma in foreground
MOYASIMON: TALES OF AGRICULTURE
biological & chemical weapon
flashback
FAFNER IN THE AZURE BOKURANO
late night shows
ambiguousloss
women’s empowerment, working mother
AKIRA
KEMURIKUSA