P-LifeTM Oxo-Biodegradable Plastic Technology

"The First and Only ASTM D6954 Certified

Oxo-biodegradable Plastic Additive in the World"

Approved No. SC0646-10

P-Life Japan Inc. www.p-lifeasia.com

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P-Life Oxo-Biodegradable Plastic Technology

A patented technology based on US Patent No.6482872

“Process for Manufacturing a Biodegradable Polymeric Composition”

P-Life Additive

A specially formulated proprietary mixture of catalysts “fatty acids derived from palm tree oils”

with following features.

Dosage Level: 0.3~1% against let down Polyolefin Polymers (PE, PP).

Blending: Blended directly with resin pellets in a converting stage.

Ingredients: Registered in FDA, Complies with Rohs Directive.

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P-Life Additive (Line-up)

Product Name Appearance Colour Melting Point Packaging Unit

SMC2360 Powder Light Beige 80-95°C 20kg/bag

SMC2522 Liquid Light Brown - 50kg/drum

P-Life Additive (Composition)

P-Life SMC2360 % FDA

Metal Salt of Fatty Acid A 50-70 21CFR 175.300

Metal Salt of Fatty Acid B 10-20 21CFR 178.2010

Lubricant 10-20 21CFR 175.105

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Properties of P-Life Plastic Products

FDA Migration Test

Testing Items Results

(%)

Pass

Criteria

Remarks

Extractable fraction in N-hexane 2.2% 6.4% Pass

Extractable fraction in Xylene 5.2% 9.8% Pass

Test Sample: P-Life dosed PE Film

Test Standard: FDA 21CFR 177.1520

(Substances used as single or repeated use of food contact surfaces)

Testing Body: Hong Kong Productivity Council

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Properties of P-Life Plastic Products

Properties of P-Life Dosed PE Film

Properties P-Life HDPE HDPE 100%

Tensile Strength at Break

(kg/cm2) MD

763 741

Elongation at Break (%) MD 85 92

Dart Impact (g) 200 170

Tear Strength (g) MD 64 51

Thickness of films: 0.015mm, Blowing Temperature: 190C

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Two Types of Biodegradable Polymers and Degradation Paths

A. Hydro-Biodegradable Polymer B. Oxo-Biodegradable Polymers

“Bio-polyesters, PLA, “Polyolefin Polymers (PE, PP)

Thermo Plastic Starch etc” with Oxo-Biodegradable Additive”

Hydrolysis degradation (Water) Oxidative degradation (Thermo, UV)

Biodegradation

CO2, H2O, Biomass

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Oxo-Biodegradation of Polyolefin Polymers by P-Life Technology (Mechanism)

A specially formulated proprietary mixture of P-Life dosed into Polyolefin Polymers

The oxidant under the catalytic action of P-Life leads chain scission of polymers and the

production of low-molecular mass oxidation products such as carboxylic acids etc. (Step1)

The living organisms bio-assimilate (eat) the low molecular oxidation products. (Step2)

CO2, H2O, Biomass

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Oxo-Biodegradation of Polyolefin Polymers by P-Life Technology (Image 1)

1. Blend with Polymers by extrusion

H H H H H H H H H H H H P-Life

-C-C-C-C-C-C- -C-C-C-C-C-C-

H H H H H H P-Life H H H H H H

2. Oxidative Degradation

Sun-light (energy) P-Life P-Life

O2 -C-C-C-C-C-C- O2 -C-C-C=O C-C-C-C=O

P-Life Thermo (energy) P-Life

(Carboxylic Acids, Ketons, Alcohol)

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Oxo-Biodegradation of Polyolefin Polymers by P-Life Technology (Image 2)

2. Oxidative Degradation

Sun-light (energy) P-Life P-Life

O2 -C-C-C-C-C-C- O2 -C-C-C=O -C-C-C-C=O

P-Life Thermo (energy) P-Life

(Carboxylic Acids, Ketons, Alcohol)

3. Biological Degradation

Micro-organisms P-Life

-C-C-C=O -C-C-C-C=O CO2 + H2O + Biomass

P-Life Micro-organisms

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Oxo-Biodegradation of Polyolefin Polymers by P-Life (Technical Explanation)

Polyolefins contain small amounts of alkyl radicals react very fast with oxygen:

R・ + O2 → ROO・ This peroxyradical attacks a polymer chain as follows:

ROO・ + RH → ROOH + R・ This new alkyl radical reacts with oxygen.

The hydroperoxide is quite stable but under the catalytic action of P-Life,

It is decomposed as follows:

M n+

+ ROOH → M (n+1)

+ RO・ + HO-

M (n+1)

+ ROOH → M n+

+ ROO・ + H+

The new radicals formed can also attack polymer chains as follows:

RO・ + RH → ROH + R・

ROO・ + RH → ROOH + R・

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Field Test (Testing site at Malaysia)

Test Sample: P-Life Dosed PE Bag (0.05mm)

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How to evaluate Oxo-Biodegradable Plastics?

There are standards, such as ISO 14855, EN13432, JIS K6953, which are designed to evaluate the

biodegradability of Hydro-Biodegradable plastics and not for Oxo-Biodegradable Plastics.

In the meantime, there is one guideline standard for evaluating Oxo-Biodegradable Plastics totally,

which is;

ASTM D6954

"Exposing and Testing Plastics that degrade in the Environment by a Combination of Oxidation and

Biodegradation"

Tier 1: An abiotic degradation test shall simulate or accelerate the degradation processes likely to

occur in a chosen application and disposal environment.

Tier 2: The abiotically degraded material is then examined for the ultimate biodegradability under

optimal conditions in a simulated disposal environment such as in soil or in compost.

Tier 3: The residual solids from Tire 2 are subjected to the determination of toxicological effects in

accordance with one of several possible test methods such as germination and growth tests with

plants according to OECD guideline 208, and EN 13432.

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The Final Test Report from SP

October 20th, 2010

Dear Customers and Partners,

We would like to proudly announce that we finally received the official test report regarding the conformity

of ASTM D6954 Standard from SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden (“SP” ).

In the test report, SP concluded that the test material (LDPE film containing P-Life pro-degradant) fulfills all

the requirements stated in SPCR 141 appendix 4, which is in accordance with ASTM D6954.

We believe that obtaining the official test report should accelerate the promotion of P-Life

Oxo-biodegradable Plastic Technology faster than ever in worldwide where you are making tremendous

efforts for marketing of P-Life.

As a principal of P-Life Oxo-biodegradable Plastic Technology, we would appreciate your cooperation to

this date and look forward to your continued support for years to come.

Sincerely Yours,

ISAO TOYAMA , President SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden

P-Life Japan Inc. http://www.sp.se/en/

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The Final Test Report from SP (Summary)

“Oxo-Biodegradability of LDPE film containing P-Life Additive”

Report No. P804363F

Date of Issue: 2010/10/07

Testing Body: SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden

Period of Testing: May 2008~July 2010

Test Material: 15μm thick blown film consisted of 99.7% LDPE and 0.3% P-Life

Test Method: ASTM D6954 (SP Method SPCR 141 Appendix 4)

“Exposing and Testing Plastics that Degrade in the Environment by a Combination of Oxidation and

Biodegradation”

CONCLUSION:

“The test material (LDPE film containing P-Life) fulfills all the requirements stated in SPCR 141

appendix 4, which is in accordance with ASTM D6954.”

Elements are below the high limit values according to EN 13432

Tier1 – loss of mechanical strength occurs after 10 days at 65C and Mw is below 10,000.

Tier2 – biodegradability is > 60% after 607 days in soil and still increasing.

Tier3 – germination and biomass is ≥ 90% for all plants compared to controls.

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Summary of P-Life Oxo-Biodegradable Plastic Technology

“P-Life Oxo-Biodegradable

Plastic Products”

Step1

Oxidative Degradation

“Production of low molecular

mass oxidation products”

Sun Light, Heat and Oxygen

“The Natural Environment”

Step2

Biological Degradation

“Bio-assimilation of low molecular

mass oxidation products”

“Micro-Organisms

in Soil Environment”

・ FDA Migration Test according to FDA 21CFR

177.1520: PASSED

・ Food Sanitation Law in Japan, No.20 in 1982,

No.370 in 1959: PASSED

・ CONFIRMED through the various accelerated

abiotic testing based on ASTM Standards.

・ CONFIRMED through the GPC Analysis for

Molecular Weight.

“CERTIFIED by SP Technical Research

Institute of Sweden under SPCR141,

Apendix4 which is in accordance with

ASTM D6954”

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General Comparison of Biodegradable Plastics(1)

Dosage Composition

of chemistry

FDA Biodegradability Disadvantage IP Cost

1.P-Life

(Programmable

Life Inc. USA)

0.3-1.0% Fatty Acid

Base

chemicals

Approved

21CFR

175.300

21CFR

178.2010

21CFR

177.1520

“ASTM D6954

Certified by SP”

Beige coloring

on the finished

products

US

Pat.6482872

Competitive

2. PLA

(Nature Works,

USA)

100% Lactic Acid Partly

Approved

(Restricted

against Hot

Food)

ISO 14855

Confirmed.

Susceptible to

alkyl, moisture

and high

temperature,

Hard Texture

- Expensive

3. MaterBi

(Novamont,

Italy)

100% Starch

PVA

Partly

Approved

(Restricted

against

Oily Food

etc)

ISO14855

OK Compost

Confirmed.

Susceptible to

moisture and

higher

temperature,

, Not Clear

(off-white color)

Over 50

patents and

patent

applications

Expensive

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General Comparison of Biodegradable Plastics(2)

Dosage Composition

of chemistry

FDA Biodegradability Disadvantage IP Cost

1.P-Life

(Programmable

Life Inc. USA)

0.3-1.0% Fatty Acid

Base

chemicals

Approved

21CFR

175.300

21CFR

178.2010

21CFR

177.1520

“ASTM D6954

Certified by SP”

Beige coloring

on the

finished

products

US

Pat.6482872

Competitive

4. TDPA

(EPI, Canada)

1~2% Inorganic &

Organic

Chemicals

such as

Cobalt

Stearate and

CaCO3 etc

21CFR

177.1520

Not confirmed. Product Life is

uncontrollable.

US

Pat.5854304

Competitive

5. D2W

(Symphony, UK)

1% No

Information

Available

No

Information

Available

Not confirmed. Product Life is

uncontrollable.

No IP

related

Information

is available.

Competitive

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P-Life Product Range and Applications

Retail

Shopping Bags

Document Bags

Courier Bags

Garbage Bags

Food Waste Collection Bag

Food & Beverage

Lunch Box

Drink Cups & Lids

Food Trays

Roll Bags

Cutleries / Straws

Packaging

Loose Fills

Foamed Sheets

PP Yarn Ropes

Others

Construction Nets

Seedling Bags

Agricultural Films

Ball Bullets

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Business References for P-Life

Retail: The Mall Group, Shoe Mart Supermarkets, 7eleven …

Hotel: Excelsior Hotel, Mandarin Oriental Group…

Bank: HSBC, Standard Chartered Bank, Banco de Brasil…

Catering: Maxims, Fairwood, Arome Bakery, Café de Coral…

Government: Hospital Authority, The City of Ketchum…

Education: HK Professional Teachers’ Union…

Property: Jones Lang LaSalle, Discovery Bay…

Others: NIKE GOLF, TOYSRUS, IKEA, CROSMAN, Jollibee…

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Company Information

Company Name: P-Life Japan Inc.

Address: 1-30-16-205, Todoroki, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan 1580082

President: ISAO TOYAMA

P-Life Japan Inc. was founded in 1994, under the name of Pacific Enterprise Japan Ltd., as a specialist in handling various

kinds of material including the products from Programmable Life, Inc., USA.

In November 2003, P-Life Japan Inc. was officially appointed as a regional representative of Programmable Life, Inc. in the

territories of Asia and Pacific. At the same time, ISAO TOYAMA became an official partner of Programmable Life, Inc.

This appointment granted P-Life Japan Inc. the right of marketing and manufacturing the products relating to P-Life

Oxo-Biodegradable Plastic Technology, which had been awarded the US patent 6,482,872 "Process for Manufacturing a

Biodegradable Polymeric Composition" in November 2002, on exclusive basis in the territories of Asia and Pacific.

“In January 2008, the company name was changed to “P-Life Japan Inc.” We are now extending the marketing

activities all over the world.”