The Final PhaseThe Final Phase

Grant v. LeeGrant v. Lee

Grant moved by Lincoln from the West to Grant moved by Lincoln from the West to take charge in the East, Sherman take charge in the East, Sherman replaced Grant in Westreplaced Grant in West

Total War – Grant and Sherman believed Total War – Grant and Sherman believed in inflicting all damage possible to “war in inflicting all damage possible to “war resources” (take war to the people)resources” (take war to the people)

Southern Morale LowSouthern Morale Low

After Gettysburg & Vicksburg, morale lowAfter Gettysburg & Vicksburg, morale low Gov’t tried to convince farmers to grow foodGov’t tried to convince farmers to grow food Soldiers deserted, some joined union armySoldiers deserted, some joined union army Fighting within governmentFighting within government Citizens held open meetings asking for Citizens held open meetings asking for

peacepeace

Bloody BattlesBloody Battles

Wilderness – woods caught fire, many Wilderness – woods caught fire, many burned to death, Grant lost double Lee burned to death, Grant lost double Lee but stayed on the attackbut stayed on the attack

Spotsylvania – 1 day series of clashes; Spotsylvania – 1 day series of clashes; total of 50,000 soldiers diedtotal of 50,000 soldiers died

Cold Harbor – in 30 minutes, 7,000 Union Cold Harbor – in 30 minutes, 7,000 Union casualtiescasualties

Grant and LeeGrant and Lee

Grant threw troops into several battlesGrant threw troops into several battles May 4 – June 18, 1864, Grant lost 60,000 May 4 – June 18, 1864, Grant lost 60,000

men, Lee lost 32,000men, Lee lost 32,000 Many called Grant a butcher, but he kept Many called Grant a butcher, but he kept

going because he promised Lincoln “there going because he promised Lincoln “there will be no turning back”will be no turning back”

Sherman’s MarchSherman’s March Lincoln made Grant commander of all Union Lincoln made Grant commander of all Union

forces after his victory at Vicksburgforces after his victory at Vicksburg Appointed Sherman to lead western armyAppointed Sherman to lead western army Sherman and Grant believed in “total war”Sherman and Grant believed in “total war” Burned Atlanta, created path of destruction Burned Atlanta, created path of destruction

through GA & SC (burned houses, killed through GA & SC (burned houses, killed livestock)livestock)

Reached NC – stopped destruction & began Reached NC – stopped destruction & began handing out food.handing out food.

Sherman’s MarchSherman’s March

Election of 1864Election of 1864 McClellan – Democrat; Fremont – 3rd McClellan – Democrat; Fremont – 3rd

Party (he later withdrew)Party (he later withdrew) Republicans (National Union Party) put Republicans (National Union Party) put

Andrew Johnson (Dem from TN) as Andrew Johnson (Dem from TN) as Lincoln’s VP Lincoln’s VP

Union victories in the South buoyed North Union victories in the South buoyed North and absentee ballots from soldiers helped and absentee ballots from soldiers helped Lincoln winLincoln win

(link to 270towin.com for electoral map)(link to 270towin.com for electoral map)

1313thth Amendment Amendment

Congress passed January 31, 1865Congress passed January 31, 1865 Officially ended slavery in the United Officially ended slavery in the United

StatesStates

Surrender at AppomattoxSurrender at Appomattox Grant & Sheridan headed toward RichmondGrant & Sheridan headed toward Richmond Gov’t abandoned capital, set it on fireGov’t abandoned capital, set it on fire April 9, 1865 – Lee surrendered to Grant at April 9, 1865 – Lee surrendered to Grant at

Appomattox CourthouseAppomattox Courthouse Lincoln gave generous terms of surrenderLincoln gave generous terms of surrender

Soldiers paroled & sent home with 3 days rationsSoldiers paroled & sent home with 3 days rations Officers permitted to keep side armsOfficers permitted to keep side arms

Within 2 months, all Confederate resistance Within 2 months, all Confederate resistance endedended