THE

F I F T E E N T H A N N U A L R E P O R T

OF THE

T R U S T E E S

OF THE

C O O P E R U N I O N ,

FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND ART.

MAY 30th, 1874.

N ew Y o rk :A. N. WHITEHORNE, BOOK & JOB PRINTER,

42 Ann Street.

1874.

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Cooper Union Library

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O F F I C E R S A N D T R U S T E E S .

President,

PETER COOPER .

Treasurer,

WI L SO N G. H U N T .

S e cretary,

ABRAM S. H EW ITT.

Trustees,PETER COOPER, JOHN E. PARSONS, EDWARD COOP ER,DANIEL F. TIEMANN, WILSON G. HUNT, ABRAM S. HEWITT,

A d visory Council of the S c hool of D e s ig n fo r Women,MRS. G. L. SCHUYLER, MRS. JONATHAN STURGES, MRS. GEO. CURTIS,MRS. HENRY M. FIELD, MRS. S. L. M. BARLOW, MRS. ROBERT GRACIE, MRS. E . H. M ILLER,

MRS. M. O. ROBERTS, MRS. RICHARD TIG H E, MRS. V . BOTTA,MRS. HAMILTON FISH. MRS. JOHN SHERWOOD, MRS. ABRAM S. HEWITT,

MRS. W. H . OSBORN, MRS. J. H. CHOATE,MRS. T. J. OAKLEY,MRS. C. CARSON,MRS. CHAS. P. DALY, MRS. WM. T. BLODGETT.

Curator,J. C. Z A C H O S .

Clerk,

L . C. L . J O R D A N .

337773

Coope r Un io n Li b rary

I N S T R U C T O R S

IN THE

FREE SCHOOLS OF SCIENCE AND ART.

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Fitz Gerald Tisdall, Jr. A. M., Director of the Schools.Chas. S. Stone, A. M., Professor of Chemistry.George W. Plympton, A. M. C. E. Professor of Philosophy, Mechanism, and

Astronomy.J. C. Zachos, Professor of English Language and Literature.George W. Coakley, L. L. D., Instructor in Diff. and Integral Calculus, and

Analytical Geometry.Wm. G. McGuckin, A. B., Instructor in Trigonometry, Geometry, and Algebra.Waller Holladay, John Proffatt, Charles Unangst, Instructors in Geometry

and Algebra.J. F. Maurer. Instructor in Descriptive Geometry and Mechanical Drawing.J. A. Saxton, A. M, Edwin B. Jennings, A. B., Instructors in Rudiments

of Mechanical Drawing.Edward C. Miller, B. G. Lingeman, Instructors in Architectural Drawing.Constantine Herzrerg, A. B., Instructor of Perspective Drawing, and Drawing

from Life.Franz Venino, Instructor in Drawing from Cast.W. W. Scott, Max Eglau, R. Wasserscheid, Carl Hecker, Instructors in

Drawing from Copy.Wm Magrath, Instructor in Drawing from Form.Nicholas Rossignoli, Instructor in Modeling in Clay.J. E. Frobisher, Instructor in Oratory and Debate.Mrs. Susan N. Carter, Principal of Female Art School.Charlotte B. Cogswell, Principal of Engraving Department, and Teacher of

Drawing on Wood.Mary S. Dickinson, Teacher of Female School of Telegraphy.

R e a d in g R OOM AND L IBRARY

Prof. J. C. Zachos, Curator.O. W. Morris, Librarian.Miss Strippel, Mrs. Curtis, Richard Grant, Custodians.

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OP THE

Cooper U nion for the A dvancement of Science and A rt,FOR THE YEAR A. D. 1873.

RECEIPTS.R ents from Stores, Rooms, Offices and Large H a l l ............................. $43, 827. 62Old Paper, Stationery and Materials sold................................................ 500. 31Interest on Grim Legacy............... ................................... ...................... 167. 47Interest on Peter Cooper Fund for Rewarding Employees ................. 350. 00Donation from Board of Excise................................................................ 1, 944. 00

Total Receipts..................................................................................... $46, 789. 40EXPENDITURES.

Free Night Classes in Science and A r t ....................................................$14, 499. 52Free Art School for Women ..................................................................... 6, 201. 21Free Reading R o o m .................................................. ............................... 2, 982. 07Free L ib rary ..................................... ........................... ........................... 4, 612. 40Chemical Department ................................................................................ 540. 17Philosophical Department ........................................................................ 108. 55Heat and Ventilation................................................................................... 4, 259. 48Care of Building................................. ......................................................... 2, 667. 66Furnishing......................................................................... .......................... 742. 09Repairs and Improvements ..................................................................... 7, 944. 90Office Expenses............................. ............................................................. 860. 12Gas................................................................................................................. 5, 755. 86Stationery..................................................................................................... 233. 36P rin ting ........................................................................................................ 1, 527. 86Advertising....................... ................ ...................................................... 737. 85Postage ....................................... ............................................................... 140. 26Sundries............................................................................... ........................ 45. 83Peter Cooper Fund for Rewarding Employees .................................... 350. 00

Total Expenditures............................................................................. $54, 209. 19D r. GENERAL CASH STATEMENT.

Balance in Treasury, January 1st, 1873 ...................................................$ 2, 536. 31Revenue as per statement above...................................................... . . . . 46,789. 40Money Borrowed during the year....................... .................................... 9, 500. 00

$58, 825. 71 Cr.

Expenditures as per statement above ...................................................$54, 209. 19Loans paid off. ............................................................................................. 2,500. 00Money refunded ......................................................................................... 50.00Balance in Treasury, January 1st, 1874......................... . ................. 2,066. 52

$58, 825. 71FINANCIAL CONDITION.

CURRENT ASSETS.

Balance in Treasury, January 1st, 1874 ...............................................$ 2,066. 52Due from R e n ts .......................................................................................... 1,138. 54Due for Interest on Railroad B onds...................................................... . 108. 38Interest due and unpaid from the Township of Pompton, N. J . ........ 7,000. 00

$10, 313. 44CURRENT INDEBTEDNESS.

Loan to cover amount due from Township of Pompton ..................... $ 7, 000. 00»Accounts audited ...................................................................... ................ 7,586. 90

$14, 586. 90Excess of Indebtedness. ......................... ......................... .......... . . . . . . $4, 273. 46

R E P O R T O F T H E C U R A T O R .

The Trustees of the Cooper Union are to be congratulated on this, the fifteenth anniversary of its Commencement. Increasing numbers, enlarged facilities, and more thorough and successful work, on the part of both teachers and pupils, exhibit fair pro­gress in every department of the Institution.

The commercial revulsions and depressions in all departments of industry which have afflicted the country for some time past, and have brought pecuniary distress upon many private families and individuals, have served to vindicate the value, as they have in no wise diminished the demand upon the resources of the Cooper Union.

When much capital is employed in maintaining servile and un­skilled forms of labor, and at the same time, in supporting a great many without any productive industry, the least interruption in the free flow of that capital, any mistake made in its standards, measures, and representatives, by which confidence is lost, entails pecuniary embarrassment and distress, chiefly on these two classes-—the unskilled laborer and the non-producers, who cannot fall back upon accumulated wealth. Capital retires from the channels of active commerce and productive industry. Produc­tion and exchange is measurably stopped; but it is not the skilled producers and the exchangers that are visited with the lowest forms of want and distress—that are attacked with hunger and left shelterless; but the employees of the least necessary or un­skilled forms of labor. The sons and daughters of those families who in ordinary times, are well to do on salaried employments, and command comfort, leisure and general culture, are now

thrown into distress and want, through the loss of position and salary of those who supported them. They have neither accumu­lated wealth nor skilled labor to fall back upon. The skilled a r t is a n s , producers, and exchangers, generally pass through such ordeals, wi t h comparative immunity from distress. Their labor must be retained when that of others can be dispensed with; they command support when others must beg for it.

This seems, to us, the key to much of the social unrest and dis­content that pervades our laboring classes in this c o u n tr y . They see that the aggregate wealth is great and rapidly accumulating, but it is unequally distributed: they feel that the political insti­tutions are free, generous and stimulating, but they are poorly administered; their ambition is developed by supposed opportu­nities, out of all proportion to their real skill and intelligence. Hence, they look for their remedy in the wrong direction—in arbitrary distribution of wealth—in enforced legislation in behalf of labor as against capital; and in combinations whose ostensible object is to regulate the natural laws of trade.

The Cooper Union grapples with all social and industrial prob­lems in a very radical way, by promoting the power and the means of their solution, rather than dogmatizing upon theoretical methods. I t aims to educate the industrial classes into intelligent skill, as a necessary antecedent to their prosperity and happiness. The theory of the Cooper Union may be said to go further than this. I t regards some form of productive and skillful labor as adapted to all capacities, ranks and conditions of men and women; not only as a resource against sudden destitution, or the accidents of fortune, but as promoting individual independence, happiness and true endeavor, worthy of the most gifted intellect and natural endowments. Accordingly, this Institution offers its advantages to the rich as well as the poor, to those independent of paid employment, as to those who are so dependent. The Cooper Union cannot be regarded merely as an eleemosynary institution, but as illustrating a great idea—the union of Art and Science with each other, and with practical life—the union of productive labor, with the refinements, the training and the education that make human life, worthy and happy.

Narrow as is the practical sphere, and limited the means of such an institution, the principle and example i t sets forth is coexten­sive with the wants and interests of the whole country. Its prin­ciple underlies Republican institutions and true progress in civili­zation—the education of the industrial masses.

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Yet the actual work of the Cooper Union is not insignificant, and compares well with any educational institution in this country or in Europe. Since the property was transferred to them by Mr. Cooper, in 1857, the Trustees have expended $539, 000 in giving free instruction to the public. The past year’s expenses have been $58, 820. This sum has been derived from the rents of the build­ing, and from the income of a special endowment of $100, 000 made by Mr. Cooper, for the support and increase of the Free Reading Room and Library. With this expenditure the Trustees have maintained, during eight months of the year, a system of day and evening schools in which 2, 965 pupils have been taught the rudi- ments of science and of art. The Free Reading Room has been kept open every day from 8 A. M. until 10 P. M., with a daily attendance, averaging at times 2, 500. Besides this, free lectures have been given in Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, English Literature, Rhetoric and Elocution, by the respective Professors of these subjects, each Professor lecturing two or three times a week in the smaller Lecture Rooms of the Institution. In the large Hall of the Cooper Union, every Saturday evening, during the entire winter, great audiences have been drawn to hear popular lectures on scientific subjects. Men of reputation, and accom­plished in their respective subjects have been the lecturers chosen to instruct and interest the public. All this has been given with­out the least charge to those who partake of the instruction, or any of the privileges of the Institution. It is questionable whether an equal sum of money could have been expended more economically or usefully in the interests of education and the diffusion of general knowledge.

This fact will be better appreciated by a more particular account of each department of the Cooper Union.

THE EVENING SCHOOLS OF SCIENCE AND ART.The applications for the different classes of these schools have

amounted to 2, 895, of which 2, 675 were admitted. They are mostly from the various trades and occupations of the city. They are earnest young men who prefer to spend their evenings in study than in idleness or dissipation. None are admitted under the age of fifteen, or who are not acquainted with the rudiments of Reading, W riting and Arithmetic, which are now taught in free evening schools under city authority. Females are admitted to the Lectures and the Scientific Classes, but not to the Art

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Classes; but a special Art School is provided for women in the day.

The course of study in the scientific department embraces a full course of mathematics, as preliminary to any very thorough scientific study. V ery few have come to these schools prepared with elementary mathematics for the study of practical Engineer­ing and Mechanics. It is to be regretted also that very few students out of the whole number, can remain to pursue the whole course of scientific studies offered by the Institution, and which entitles them to its Medal and Diploma. But nothing less than such a course of study can enable a man to achieve the highest sphere of usefulness in the ranks of modern industry. Certificates of proficiency are, however, given to those who have attended the class on any particular subject, and pass a satisfactory examina­tion. Six hundred and nine certificates were given this year.

The A rt department of the evening schools embraces instruction in all branches of drawing, Free-hand Drawing, Architectural, Mechanical, and drawing from Cast and Life; also Painting and Modelling in Clay. Lectures are given in Perspective. The de­sign of all this instruction, as in the school of Art for Women, is practical, and as bearing on some useful employment, in which the arts of design, drawing and painting are the principal or accessory occupations. But if the pupil shows a talent for high art, and has the leisure and means to pursue it, he or she is recommended to the Academy of Design in New York City, a school established for the special instruction of professional artists.

I t is proper to mention that the lectures on Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, as also those on English Literature, Elocution and Rhetoric, are attended by many who do not belong to the class. This kind of attendance would doubtless be larger if the Lecture Rooms were more accessible to the public.

In this connection may also be mentioned, the department of consultation, wisely established by the Board of Trustees, to assist inventors and manufacturers of new processes. Prof. Plympton and Prof. Stone, each in his department, give advice to such as apply to th em for assistance in perfecting their inventions and manufactures. More than three hundred have applied for advice during the present year. The great use and beneficence of this department may be inferred from the fact, that probably nine-tenths of the expense and time now devoted by inventors might he avoided, if they had a more scientific and thorough knowledge

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even of the elements that concern their inventions and new pro­cesses of manufacture.

THE ART SCHOOL FOR WOMEN, Honorable and useful employment for women, is one of the

problems of any high and advancing civilization. In this country, especially, it may be said, that the dignity and safety of woman involves the integrity and progress of republican institutions. How can we expect intelligent self-governed and freedom-loving sons, from ignorant and servile mothers. The necessity of self- support is as imperative on many women as on men. Skilled employments and industrial arts of many kinds are better adapted for women than for men. Nothing can supply this want so well as industrial schools of art, such as are carried on by the Cooper Union. There has been a large excess of applications this year, greater than any before, for admittance to the A rt school. The number admitted has been 201. More than a hundred applications have been reluctantly postponed for want of room, to the next year.

The school is divided into three departments, Drawing and Painting, Photography and Wood Engraving.

The drawing and painting school is conducted on a high plane of skill and taste, and has furnished many teachers in these depart­ments. The pupils are very carefully instructed in the elements of these arts, but the aim is not to reach the level of high art. Such as show taste and ability for this, are transferred, as has been said, to the Academy of Design, established for this purpose. The school of Photography embraces every manipulation which the art requires. The pupils are taught the use of chemicals and baths for the preparation of the Negatives. The use of the camera in taking the image, on the negative, the retouching of the same, and the finish of the Positive with crayon or paint. Any one of these departments of work in Photography, is a paying employment to those who master the details. Especially is this the case with the artist’s touches and finish of the Photograph with paint or crayon.

The class in Wood Engraving numbers about thirty. I t is an excellent resource to those who acquire some skill in designing and drawing. Most of the young women turn their skill into profit, the first year of their attendance on the school. Over two thousand dollars has been earned this year by the pupils.

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T H E SCHOOL OF T E L E G R A PH Y .This school adm itted forty pupils this year. About eighty

more applied a t the regular examination, and passed. But they could not be adm itted to the class for want of room. The West­ern Union Telegraphic Company has so far interested itself in this school, as to p rovide a teacher who trains the pupils in the thorough methods of tha t Company. They can thus draw com­petent operators for their offices from this school, and have pro­vided a large proportion of the graduates of this school in times past, w ith em ploym ent on their lines, although they are under no special obligation to provide a place for any. A t present, the supply of operators is greater than the dem and, but the extension of lines, going on rapidly over this vast country, will always make a steady demand for the employment of women in telegraphy. Their fidelity, intelligence, and patience, will always give them the larger share of this kind of work, from which the young men are drawn away by a more active and ambitious life.

T H E F R E E R E A D IN G ROOM AND LIB R A R Y .

The R eading Room of the Cooper Union, notw ithstanding its large capacity, has been taxed to the utterm ost during the past winter. The average daily attendance, for a part of the season, has been 2, 413. These readers chiefly devote their time to the newspapers and periodicals, of which there are 280 on file, both foreign and domestic. From five to six hundred books are drawn out daily for reading and consultation, which are not permitted to go from the L ibrary room. The L ibrary contains also Directories, Maps, the W eather Charts of the Signal Service, daily sent, and the old and new series of P aten t Office Reports. These last are very useful for consultation, as they contain the specifications and drawings in full. Each volume has an index of inventors and in­ventions. The new issue has reached 75 volumes, and is designed also to reach back to the first issues of the Department. These re­ports have been consulted by 424 persons, during the past year. This opportunity saves the expense of going or sending to Wash­ington for the same purpose.

D uring the past year, since the former R eport, 450, 520 persons have visited the Reading Room, of which 9, 689 were women. This gives a daily average of 1, 617. The number of books called for during the same time 115, 550, and of magazines 19, 806. The L ibrary is steadily increasing, though not as fast as the

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demand upon it requires. I t numbers at present about 14,500 volumes, mostly standard works in travels, history, and general literature, and works of authority in Science and the Practical Arts. The Library has sets of the Public Documents of the United States, of the State of New York, and partially of other States. The readers average about nine persons to each book. The enormous use to which some of the books are thus subjected, rapidly wears them out, so that the Library needs an entire renewal of its current reading books once in three or four years— some of them, once a year. I t depends for its increase and fresh supplies, very much on special endowments and gifts. Mr. Percy R. Pyne, of this city, being accidentally made acquainted with these facts, at once sent a check for $500 to the Trustees, which served to add to the Library 459 volumes of the most recent and much needed publications.

It is proper to mention that of the books used, nearly fifty per cent are works of fiction, although none but the standard ones and those of acknowledged merit, are added to the Library. But the greater part of these readers are either young persons or such as need relaxation.

The Library and Reading Room is open on Sundays from October to May, commencing at 12 M., and closing at 9 P. M. This experiment, inaugurated by the Trustees last year, has been an entire success. The number in attendance each Sunday has averaged 1,500, which is greater in proportion than on w eek days. The decorum is unexceptionable, and the religious newspapers are more largely read than on other days.

The Trustees have also received, during the past winter, from her Majesty the Empress of Germany, through her Secretary, Mr. Ottmar Von Mohl, and transmitted by the courtesy of George Bancroft, our Minister at Berlin, an Album of Photographs, illustrating the various sanitary appliances for the care of the wounded, used during the late Franco-German war, and exhibited at the Vienna Exposition. By her Majesty’s request, these Photo­graphs will be kept in the Library for general inspection. They have already been examined with great interest by a large number of Physicians and others identified with sanitary science.

The Trustees have also received from W ils o n G. H u n t , the honored Treasurer of the Board, a certificate for one thousand gold stock of the State of New York, which is to be appropriated to annual prizes to deserving pupils, according to such rules as

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may be adopted by the Trustees. This mark of Mr. H u n t ’s appre­ciation of the work done by the Institution, is peculiarly gratify­ing to the Board, because no one has a better opportunity to un­derstand its value.

The Trustees have also notified Mr. Cooper, that the remaining $50,000 out of his donation of $150,000, will be needed for the present year.

In summing up this cursory view of the Cooper Union, the thoughtful mind will reflect on the fact, that with a sum of money less than the annual expenditure of many a wealthy family in this city, the Cooper Union counts its yearly beneficiaries by the hundred thousand. That this institution not only exerts a stimu­lating and wholesome influence upon the minds of thousands who resort to it daily, but it binds up many wounded hearts in the solace which it gives to those who need the help and sympathy of which they find so little in the world; and that it bestows its charity in the best form, that of promoting self-dependence, and intellectual training for the work of life.

J. C. ZACHOS, M. D.,

Curator

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R E P O R T O F T H E D IR E C T O R .

To the Trustees of the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Scienceand Art.

May 1st., 1874.

Gentlemen: —At the end of the fourth season of my director­ship, I am able, without flattery, to mention, in terms of praise, almost every department of the Schools. The instructors in both schools seem to have exerted themselves to the utmost. The scholars, on their part, have fully appreciated the efforts of their instructors, and have endeavored to make the most of their opportunities. Their deportment has not only, as usual, been good; but it is not too much to say, that it is almost unequalled anywhere else.

My summary report, printed in another place, shows that the number of students admitted is somewhat less than last year, in the case of the Art classes. This is due to the fact that those admitted have retained their places for a longer average time, and thus left less room for more transient scholars. For the first time in the history of the school, applications for admission are still on file at the end of the season. About four hundred of them are thus left. More room for the Art classes seems to me necessary, if adequate provision is to be made for all those who apply for admission.

The average attendance, however, and the number on the rolls at the end of the year is larger, and the general proficiency much greater. In the scientific classes, as most of our students are entirely self-dependent, the financial troubles of the year have obliged many of them to seek employment elsewhere, and thus some of the best pupils have been lost.

In treating of the condition of the Schools, in more detail, I will first take up the School of Art.

The unenviable task of training the least skillful of those who are admitted to the school falls upon Mr. Wasserscheid. His classes in Rudimental Drawing are large, and require, on the part

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of the teacher, both good instruction and able management. The classes have done very well; and some of their work would do credit to more advanced classes.

In Figure Drawing, the classes under Messrs. Scott and Hecker have done well; quite as well as in former years, although as the demand for this kind of drawing has fallen off, we no longer have as many applicants as formerly.

In Ornamental Drawing, the instruction is given by Messrs. Eglau and Hecker. The work of the class instructed by the latter, while very good, is of an elementary character. The more ad­vanced classes under Mr. Eglau have done work, which is certainly of great excellence. Great as was the proficiency last year, when some of the drawings were awarded a medal of merit at the Vienna Exposition, it is far surpassed by that of the present year. Mr. Eglau deserves great credit for the patience, industry and care he has exhibited. The prize given by Messrs. Mitchell, Vance & Co., to the most successful student in these classes has been, after a careful examination, divided between Hermann R amminger Jr., and Charles Schneider.

The classes in Form Drawing, under Mr. Magrath, have done better than ever before. The taste and judgment of the teacher have given the scholars a liking for their work, which has resulted in a large number of most beautiful drawings.

The classes in Drawing from Cast, under Mr. Venino, have never done so much or such good work as this year. The demand is very great for this kind of drawing, and the present accommoda­tions are entirely inadequate. The present room is not two-thirds as large as that given to the classes three years ago, and yet the work done is greater in quantity, as well as better in quality.

The class in Drawing from Life has done creditably under Mr. Herzberg. The work is the most difficult, and for that reason, probably, some students have not persevered and finished their drawings, or the results would have been still more satisfactory. Considering the fact that this was the first season for most of the class, their progress is most satisfactory.

In the classes in Modeling in Clay, more and better work has been done during the present season, than at any previous time. The credit must be given to the assiduity and skill of Mr. Rossignoli

.The classes in Perspective Drawing have, as usual, done well,

under the instruction of Mr. Herzberg,

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Great proficiency has been shown by the classes in Mechanical Drawing, under the instruction of Mr. Saxton, assisted by Mr. Jennings. The instruction has been systematic and thorough. I t is to be regretted that the room set apart for instruction in this branch will not accommodate the number applying for admission.

In Architectural Drawing, the whole course of instruction is original with the instructor, Mr. Miller. Everything pertaining to the subject is taught, and taught thoroughly, so that at the end of the course, the student is not a mere copyist of elevations, ground plans, sections or ornaments, but will be able, from given data, to sketch the plans of a building, interior and exterior, and give the appropriate ornamentation.

The Scientific Classes next demand attention.The first year class—Class E —receives instructions in Elementary

Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Algebra and Geometry.In Elementary Chemistry lectures have been delivered, with

appropriate experiments, to a very large class, by Prof. Stone. These lectures have also been well attended by the general public. The examination of the class has been very satisfactory.

In Natural Philosophy, Prof. Plympton has delivered the lectures and conducted the recitations. The class has been thoroughly drilled over the elementary principles of the subject. I may state here, that the lectures given by Professors Stone and Plympton deserve a wide publicity.

In Algebra, there were, at the beginning of the term, three sections; one instructed, for a short time, by Prof. Coakley and Mr. McGuckin, one instructed by Mr. Holladay, and a third by Mr. Proffatt. These gentlemen have labored earnestly to secure the proficiency of their classes. As a result, but very few of those examined have failed to secure certificates of merit. The ex­aminations were admirably conducted.

In Geometry, there were three, sections under the instruction of Messrs. Holladay, Proffatt and Unangst, respectively. The class has far exceeded the requirements of the course. The instructors deserve the credit, as well as the scholars.

In the second year class—Class D —instruction has been given in Elementary and Organic Chemistry, Astronomy, Algebra and Geometry.

Prof. Stone instructed the class in Chemistry, by lectures and recitations. Owing, to want of time the subject of Organic Che­mistry has been but lightly touched upon. Next year the course will be more extended.

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In Astronomy, Prof. Plympton delivered a most interesting series of lectures. Almost the entire class passed a fine examination.

In Algebra, the two sections of the class were instructed by Messrs. Holladay and P roffa tt; in Geometry, by Messrs. McGuckin and Holladay. Instruction in these branches has never been better given in the school than by these gentlemen. The subjects of Algebra and Geometry were finished by the class.

The studies pursued in the third year class—Class C—were Mechanics, Analytical Geometry, Trigonometry and Descriptive Geometry. The class is larger than for many years past, although the monetary troubles have occasioned the loss of some of the best members.

Prof. Plympton gave the instruction in Mechanics. In Analytical Geometry, the class was instructed by Prof. Coakley. This subject, one of the most difficult of the pure mathematics, was well taught and well understood by the class, as shown by a very rigid examination.

In Trigonometry, the class was instructed by Mr. McGuckin. The matter contained in the text-book was thoroughly mastered, and many additional methods, &c., were explained to the class. Several students distinguished themselves by the invention of, to them, new processes.

Mr. Maurer gave the instruction in Descriptive Geometry. A large amount of excellent work was done by this class. The first real examination in this branch for over ten years, was held this year; the students working out problems on the black board, as in plain or solid geometry.

The fourth year class—Class B —was instructed in Calculus, Analytical Geometry and Mechanical Drawing.

Prof. Coakley instructed in Analytical Geometry and Calculus. The former subject was continued from the point where the class ended last year, and finished, after a review. In the latter branch, the class began the subject, and finished it entirely, with great credit.

Mr. Maurer gave instruction in Mechanical Drawing, including Stereometry. No better work has ever been done than this year. Some of the work is quite equal to the finest done by profes­sional draughtsmen.

The graduating class was instructed in Mechanical Engineering by Prof. Plympton. I t was, as usual, very well informed on the subject of proper construction, effect of thrusts, &c.

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The average attendance of the class in Chemical Analysis was unusually large Under the supervision of Dr. Gallatin, the subject of Qualitative Analysis was entirely finished by two mem­bers of the class, and very good progress was made by many of the others. The subject seems to demand more time. Messrs. Wm. Kent and Wm. Richardson are entitled to certificates of graduation in Qualitative Analysis. Mr. Henry J. Heidenis has been selected by the class to represent it on Commencement Evening.

The Literary Class, which has had very large and interesting meetings during the past session, has selected Mr. Edward A. Hogan as its representative.

The following students having complied with the requisite con­ditions, and shown themselves qualified, are recommended to your favorable consideration as recipients of the graduating diploma and the Cooper Union Medal, viz: George Henry Tait Doggett; John William George; George Knox Nevan; Edward Adelberg Miller.

The Annual Exhibition will take place on Friday evening, May 29th

The Commencement exercises will take place on Saturday even­ing, May 30th, in the large hall.

All of which is most respectfully submitted.

FITZ GERALD TISDALL, JR.,

Director o f the Schools.

R E P O R T O F W O M E N ’S A R T D E P A R T M E N T .

To the Trustees of the Cooper Institute and the Ladies of theAdvisory Council.

The Women’s Art School of the Cooper Institute during the past year has been conducted on an industrial basis of the same kind as in the previous season. Some time before the opening of the October term, 1873, the full compliment of scholars had been admitted, and very soon after the beginning of the school year it became apparent from the number of applicants, that the resources of the school, large as they are, were inadequate to meet the grow­ing demand in the country for this means of special education for women.

During this year, as last, the school has been divided into three distinct classes; the drawing school in which the pupils have copied solely from objects; the engraving class, and a class in Photography, which latter has included all the branches of that art

The experiment, successfully tried the last season, of admitting as exceptional scholars such as were not able to give all their time to study by reason of professional engagements, and of allowing pupils to go on with two branches of instruction at the same time, has been repeated this year, although, from the pressure of applicants the principal has been obliged to raise the standard for admission, and she has thus been enabled to select such persons generally as wished to give their entire time to study, thereby making the school as compact as possible, and giving full advantages to such person as were in it.

The whole number of scholars admitted during the year has been 201, and of these 52 have withdrawn; 26 leaving on account of ill health inadequate talent, or removal from this vicinity; 16 have been admitted to Academy of Design, outside of the large class wh o entered there from the Cooper Institute at the beginning of October; and 10 have gone into art situations. The largest attendance at any one time was 181, but this number overcrowded the building and the teachers.

18

19

The panic in the money market, which I learn has seriously in­terrupted the occupation of drawing teachers and artists in all this part of the country, has not perceptibly affected the outside work done by the scholars of the Institute. In the Photographic class, 13 scholars have earned $1,442, notwithstanding the bad times. As teachers of drawings etc., six pupils of the Art School have received $1, 100 in total for salaries. Of the pupils admitted this year, 131 have studied drawing either partially or during their whole time, and 7 1 have been in the Photography class.

The instruction this year has been slightly varied from that of the last season, by the addition to it of cast drawing, of study from “still life, ” consisting of objects of varied texture, silk, glass, china, woollen, fruit, &c., as this branch of study conduces to the excel­lence of photographic work as well as develops invention, taste, and artistic judgment. The teaching has also consisted in ad­dition of anatomical drawings and careful outlines of the live face in varied positions.

During the season two full courses of lectures have been given in Artistic Anatomy by Dr. Zachos, with great acceptance to the scholars, and the Principal has also repeated the course of ten lectures in practical Perspective, the problems in which have in many cases been admirably worked out by the pupils.

Industrial Art has taken a great start throughout the country, and from New England to California, Art Schools are being estab­lished; this, together with the question of what indigent women can do to maintain themselves, has thrown an immense pressure of scholars upon the Cooper Institute as the oldest art school in the country, and persons naturally look to it before seeking any other place of instruction.

It is in consequence of the present popularity of Art Schools in general, and the old prestige of the Cooper Institute Art School in particular, perhaps, that this year for the first time since its commencement, the school list for next year is full, and has been for more than two months; 90 old scholars have registered their names to return in the autumn; 52 new ones have been entered in the books as accepted, and there are 49 applicants for vacancies next year. Judging from past experience, it may be safely inferred that not more than half the number of applicants have sought admission for next fall, which we may reasonably anticipate. Of the pupils for next year, 150 seek full or partial instruction in drawing, and 80 wish to learn Photography, either separately or combined with drawing.

In the drawing school, Miss Powell, Miss Sanford, and the Principal, have each day in the week given a lesson to each scholar, and the latter has, so far as her time would allow, given a second lesson in Miss Sanford’s elementary class; while in addition to their regular drawing lesson from the cast, the Principal has given each individual lessons in the drawing class, from the live face. This amount of teaching is greater than in any drawing school with which she is conversant.

The ladies of the Advisory Council, the teachers, the excellent clerk and the pupils, have uniformly worked with the Principal to forward the best feeling, and the most live interests of the school, which has gone on with the ease and regularity of a piece of machinery.

In giving the details of the number of applicants, &c., the motive of the Principal has been to acquaint the Trustees as fully as she can, with the fact, that the country evidently looks upon this department of the Cooper Institute as very important, and this is the greatest encouragement to stimulate all connected with it, to d e v e lo p its resources as wisely and as fully as circumstances will allow.

Respectfully,

April 27, 1874 SUSAN N . CARTER.

20

21

FOR THE YEAR ENDING MAY 1st, 1874

There were thirty-four students in attendance until the last of February, there are now twenty two.

There have been engraved, during the year, two large maps, for Missionary purposes; several buildings for Hubert & Pirrson, Architects; large order for Roberts Brothers, of Boston; the cuts for a medical work, and a great many small orders, E. P. Dutton has arranged to publish our Hierographic Geography in parts, and it is slowly progressing. Two of last year’s pupils have sold a good many drawings on wood. Having left the school, their receipts are not counted. One member of the school is in Washington, engraving on a large order.

The photo-engraving process is coming more and more into use each year; and while it does not affect the market for fine work, it does take off a good deal of cheap work. As this process creates a demand for good pen and ink drawing, in which the principles of engraving are carried out, instruction has been given in that branch, and designs executed, some of which have been sold. One student is drawing Architectural work, and has taken several orders. The receipts for the year amount to $2,089.27.

REPORT OF ENGRAVING SCHOOL

CHARLOTTE B. COGSWELL,

S U M M A R Y R E P O R T .

DEPARTMENTS IN OPERATION.

1 s t , T h e F r e e R e a d i n g R o o m a n d L i b r a r y ,

American Newspapers on file, Dailies, 54, Weeklies, 91, Total, 145 Foreign “ “ " 11, “ 39, “ 50American Magazines taken, 61Foreign “ “ 60 Total number of Periodicals taken in Reading Room, - 316Number of Books in Library, about - 12,600Number of Books added to the Library in 1873, - - 1, 248Number of Readers in 1873, - -452, 143Increase in Number of Readers in 1873, - 54, 415Number of Books used, - -139, 637

The Reading Room is open from 8 a. m. to 10 p m., free to all, without ticket or introduction.

2 D — T h e F REE A r t S c h o o l f o r Women,

Number of Students admitted during the year, - - 201Number at close of term, - - - 1 5 1Number receiving Certificates, - - - - 98Advanced to Academy of Design, - - - 16

Open daily from 9 a. m to 1 p. m

M rs. Susan N. C a r te r Principal and Teacher o f Figure Drawing fr om Cast

Miss F a n n ie P o w e ll ,Teacher o f Model and Ornament Drawing from the Cast.

C a r l H e ck e r,Professor o f Painting and Photography.

Miss A nna C u rtis ,Clerk.

23

3 D . _ _ F R E E S C H O O L F O R W O M E N I N W O O D E N G R A V IN G .

Number of Pupils received during the year, - 39Number at close of term, - - - - 23Number receiving Certificates, - - - 16Receipts of the Pupils for Drawing and Engraving, $2, 086. 27

Miss C h a r lo t t e B . C o g sw e ll, Principal.

4 t h — T h e F r e e S c h O O L o f T e l e g r a p h y f o r

W o m e n ,

Number of Applicants during the year, - - 120Number of Pupils during the year, - - - 41Remaining at close of term, - - - 29Number receiving Certificates, 18

Average wages earned by female operators per month from $30 to $70.

Miss M ary S. D ickinson, Teacher.

24

5 T H , ---- Th e F R E E N lG H T S C H O O L OF S C I E N C E,

Cl a s s e s .A dm itted

during th e te r m .

R em aining at close of term .

Number th at rec’d.

certificates.

Algebra - 226 93 56Geometry. . . 224 8 8 52Trigonometry - 24 14 12Analytical Geometry 25 15 13Descriptive Geometry 46 27 11Differential and Integral Calculus 8 6 6Theoretical and Practical Mechanics 28 19 14Natural Philosophy 151 45 37Mechanical Engineering - 11 5 5Astronomy 46 19 18Elementary Chemistry 226 8 6 55Analytical Chemistry Mechanical Drawing (School of

20 16 10Science) 15 12 3

Oratory and Debate 110 110 —

Total in School of Science, 1,160 555 292

6 t h , ----- T h E F R E E S C H O O L OF ART.

Perspective Drawing 49 48 27Mechanical Drawing 266 135 51Architectural Drawing 244 83 49Drawing from Life 17 14 8Drawing from Cast 62 38 17Form Drawing 38 20 11Free Hand Drawing 726 411 135Modeling in Clay 103 55 19

Total in School of Art 1, 5058 0 4

317

Grand Total 2,665 1,359 609

F it z G er a ld T is d a l l , J r., A, M., Director.

25

7 t h . — N um ber o f P e rs o n s who have availed themselves of the privilege of free consultation with the Professors of Science on matters relating to industrial pursuits.

Prof. Charles S. Stone, Industrial Chemistry - - 281 Prof. George W. Plympton, Mechanics - - - 260

Total, - - - - - 541

8 t h . — F R E E S a t u r d a y N i g h t L e c t u r e s

For the People, commencing Nov. 8th, 1873, and ending April 4, 1874 by the following

named gentlemen:

Dr. DIO LEWIS, two lectures on “ Our Girls, ” and “ Our Eyes. ”

ALEX. W INCHELL, L . L. D., four lectures on “Geology ”

Prof. J. W. DAWSON, on “ The Dawn of Animal Life. ”

Prof. EDW ARD S. MORSE, four lectures on “ Radiates, ” "Mollusks, ”" Articu-

lates, ” and “ Vertebrates. ”

C. JEROME HOPKINS, Esq., on The Music of the Emotions. ”

Gen. JO HN A. GIBBONS, on “ The Wonders of the Yellowstone. ”

Prof. RICHARD A. PROCTOR, on “ The Stars ”

Prof. CHAS. F. H A R TT, on “ Evolution in Ornament. ”

Dr. R. W . RAYMOND, on “The Lesson of the Vienna Exposition. ”

Prof. CHAS. F. CHANDLER, on “ Health and Health Laws. ”

SIMON STERN, Esq., two lectures on “ Municipal Government. ”

SIDNEY W OOLLET, Esq., “ An Evening with the Poets. ”

Major J. M. BUNDY, on “ The Relations between the State and Federal Gov­

ernments.”

9t h , — F I N A N C E S .

The o r i g i n a l cost of the Cooper Union building when conveyed t o the Trustees - $630, 000. 00

26

Total Receipts from rents - - - 458, 076. 65“ “ “ donations - - - 31, 434. 74

“ sundry other sources - 32, 928. 83

aggregate receipts to Jan. 1, 1874 - - 522, 440. 22

expenditures for carrying on the above depart­ments from 1859 to 1874, inclusive, [15 years ] $529, 394. 72

expenditures on building and education to Jan 1st, 1874, - - - - $1, 159, 394. 72

D o n a t io n s t o t h e L i b r a r y o f THE COOPER UNION f o r

t h e y e a r E n d i n g D e c . 3 1 s t , 1 8 7 3 .

FROM

Am. Bible Society.................S. Stevens.............................Essex Institu te.....................Gen. A. A. Humphreys.S. Oliver ...............................Hon. John Ea'on, J r ...........D. Appleton & Co.................J. M. W oodw orth...............Am. Unitarian Association..Andrew H. Green. ............Peter Cooper.................L. M. Lawson, M. D...........Hon. M. D. Leggett.............Champin & Gillett.................S. B. H aines.........................E. W. Campbell..................Anonymous...........................F. A. Roy...............................H . B. Lane............................Gen. F. A. Walker...............G. T. Kingston.....................Gen. J. W. Depeyster.........Richard Lathers,

T o ta l. ................. .................... 344 363

Boo

ks.

Pam

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.

FROM B

ooks

.

Pam

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1 J. H. L upton ............... . . . . 11 Hon. S. Ely Jr. ................... 48 15 American Institu te............... 1

10 Hon. Hamilton Fish . . . 91 N. Y. State L ibrary.............. 444 3 Hyall and C ushm an........... 1

14 6 E. B. Foote, M. D ............... 11 H. S trugnell......................... 62 A. S. G alche tt..................... 31 H. M. Parkhurst................... 4

51 130 J. J. Anderson....................... 41 A. S. Barnes & Co................. 57 Abram S. H ew itt.................. 361 E. Sandford........................... 11 A. N. Bell, M. D . . . ............ 121 A. D. White........................... ‘ 21 Department of State............. 1

40 124 E. Preston................. ........... 161 55 McElroy & McBride............. 11 Admiral B. F. Sands........... 10

1 Hon. B. F. D aly................... 31 11 E. J. F rench___ ................. 1 11 ---- ----

27

WOMAN'S A R T DEPARTMENT.

Certificates Awarded to

Miss Agnes Abbott........Grade.

... 1 Miss Helen Knox.................Grade. 1

“ Minnie T. Anstey...... 1 " Louisa Lyman 1" Mary Aikin............... 1 " Julia Lyman.............. 1" M. L. Banks.............. 1 ‘‘ Lizzie Lundmark....... 2‘‘ Addie Bryant............. 2 “ Jennie Lewis............. 2“ Annette Bradford 2 “ Emma Lignot............ . 1‘ ‘ Bessie Belcher....... . 1 Mrs. Kate Mellen............ ... 2" Bianca Kalisch........ 1 Miss Jenny E. Miner......... ... 1“ Julia Bruhns............ 1 Mrs. J. F. Moore................. 2" Isabelle Bartow........ 1 Miss Stella Martin...... ...... 2“ Anna G. Barton... . . . 1 Frances Martin......... ... 3" Fanny Bemis............ 1 " Mary E. McCord.... ... 2‘‘ Angelique Cushman.. 1 " Eleanor A. Miller...... .. 1“ Mary K. Carter...... . 1 " Hattie M. Newman... ... 1" Kate Coulon......... . .. 2 " Mary Norton 1" Ella Clark............... 2 " Fannie A. Nye ... 1" Frankie Clark............ 1 " Emma Ottiwell 1‘‘ Annie Cuningham 1 " Abbie Peffers............ ... 2" Emma Clow............ 2 " Catharine A. Parsons.... 1" Abbie Clapp......... 1 " Sarah A. Powell ...... 2“ Mary E. Cook........ . 2 " Eleanor Richardson... 1

Mrs. Jennie Davis............ 1 " Ella M. Sellick ......... ... 1Mrs. A. M. De Forest......... 2 " Agnes Shackelford... . . 1

“ Mary C. B. Ellis........ 1 " Cora Seward . . 1Miss Mary J. Estes........... . 1 " Mary Schmid............ ... 1

“ Mary T. Eager......... 1 " Laura I. Smith. ........ .. 2“ Mary Fredericks 2 " Laura E. Smith 2“ Jennie Faurot. ........... 2 " Mary Stewart............ 1

Mrs. Emma Fitch ........... 1 " Belle Stryker............ . 1Miss Mary K. Foster......... 2 Mrs. C. V. C. Sanborn...... ... 2

“ Mary L. Foster......... 1 Miss Virginia Tucker----. 1“ Juliette Hanson........ 1 " Anna R. Tuthill......... ... 2“ Matilda Holmes........ 2 Mrs. Jennette Tyler............ 1

Mrs. Abbie M. Hubbard 2 Miss Ella Truman............ ... 2‘‘ George Hurlbut.. . . . . 2 " Nina Van Brunt......... 1

Miss Marilla Houghton.... . 1 " Louisa Weeks............ . 2‘‘ Carrie Hurd........... 1 " Ella Whitmore........... 1" Carrie Hine.............. 1 " Caroline Wadie.......... 1" Julia Hutchings .... 1 " Mary Wagner.............. .. 1“ Genevieve Hanna 2 Mrs. Mary B. Winship...... .. 1“ Rachel Hesse 1 Miss Sarah A. Ward......... . 1" Lulu Johnson........ 1 " Kate Wood............... 1“ Lillie Johnson........... 1 " Sarah Rankin............ 1" Eliza Kirk.............. 1 " Emma Thies.............. 3" C. H. Kingsley......... 1 " Lizzie Van Riper........ 2

The following deserve honorable mention:

Miss Kate Dyer “ Hattie Hopkins “ Josie Hall “ Matilda Woolley

Miss Helen Letzeiser Mrs. C. Louisa Merrall Miss Jenny Swaine

“ Emma Mailler

28

C LASS IN P HOTOGRAPHY.

Certificates Awarded toGrade. Grade.

Miss Emma Clow.................. 1 Miss Rosina Samuels ............ 1Delia Cunningham......... 1 Mrs. Blakeslee Wallace........ 1

" Charlotte Daley.............. 1 Miss Ida McBride ................. 1" Emmeline M. Kirkland . 1 " Annie F. Markey............. 1“ Anna C. Miller.............. 1 “ Clara Studdiford 1‘ Lucy Poe....................... 1 “ Anna McBride.... ........... 1“ Julia Stone...... ........... . 1 “ Fannie E. Fryatt ............ 1

WOOD E NGRAVING S CHOOL.

Certificates Awarded for Engraving toGrade. Grade.

Miss Jennie Beckwith............ 1 Miss Helen Letzeiser............ . 1“ Edith Cooper............... . 1 “ Serena Tompkins......... . 2“ Mary A. Jacot.............. 1 “ Angelina Waldeyer ...... 1“ Bianca Kalisch.............. 1 “ Rosa Yzquierdo............ 1

For Drawing and Designing on Wood with Pen and Ink toGrade. Grade.

Mrs. A. Eliza Dupee............... 1 Miss Eva Muller.................... 1Miss Anna A. Heermans......... 1 “ Sarah M. Norton...... . . 1

“ Lula Johnson............... 1 " Sarah Rankin................. 1Eliza Kirk.................... 1 “ Fannie Thurston.......... . 1

SCHOOL OF T ELEGRAPHY.

Certificates Awarded toGrade. Grade.

Miss Mary C. Fitzpatrick...... 1 Miss Annie T. Redding ......... 1" Gertrude G. Rafferty.... 1 " Sophia F. Huner.......... 1“ Emily J. Sweeney......... 1 " Emma L. Reynolds...... . 1“ Josie Moore ................ 1 " Mary G. Perkins............ 1" Letitia H. McKinley__ 1 " Mary L. Kennedy........... 1" Emma L. Edwards........" Georgianna C. Rodman..

1 1

" Sarah N. Emmanuel---" Matilda B. Rowe.........

11

" Matilda Malmberg........ 1 “ Irene M. Kiernan ......... 1" Mary B. Martin........... . 1 “ Frances M. Milliman... 1

The Silver Medal for the best student in Engraving of the third year, was awarded to Miss Angelina Waldeyer.

The Bronze Medal for the best student in Engraving of the first year, was awarded to Miss Edith Cooper.

The Prizes from Mitchell, Vance & Co., for the best Students in Ornamental Drawing, were awarded to Herrmann Ramminger, and Charles Schneider.

John Banks, Robert Lauckhardt, Frank Fay, Charles Sahm, and Charles Baumann are entitled to honorable mention,

P R I Z E S .

A Committee appointed by Trustees of the Cooper Union to award the Prizes in the Female Art School, for the year 1874, made the following awards:

FOR DRAWING FROM CAST.First Prize of Thirty Dollars in Gold, to Miss Fanny Bemis.Second Prize of Twenty Dollars in Gold, to Mrs. Jennie Davis.Third Prize of Ten Dollars in Gold, to Miss Julia Bruhns.

FOR DRAWING FROM STILL LIFE.First Prize of Twenty Dollars in Gold, to Miss Mary L. Banks.Second Prize of Ten Dollars in Gold, to Miss Cora Seward.

FOR ORNAMENTAL DRAWING.First Prize of Twenty Dollars in Gold, to Miss M. K. Carter .Second Prize of Ten Dollars in Gold, to Miss M. T. Anstey.

WOOD ENGRAVING CLASS.For the best original Drawing on wood;First Prize of Thirty Dollars to Miss Sarah A. Rankin.Second Prize for drawing on wood, Silver Medal to Miss Lulu Johnson Third Prize for drawing on wood, Bronze Medal to Miss S. M. Norton.

29

ME D A L S

The Trustees’ Silver and Bronze Medals have been awarded to the following students:

Miss Ella M. Whitmore, Miss Angelique Cushman, Miss Mary Stewart, Miss Lillie Johnson, Miss Julia Lyman, Miss Mary Aikin, for Drawing from Cast.

Miss Lena Van Brunt, Miss Anna G. Bartow, for Drawing from Still Life.A Bronze Medal to each of the following students for Drawing from Still Life:Miss Manilla Houghton, Mrs. Jennette Tyler , Miss Eliza Kirk.A Bronze Medal to each of the following students for Drawing from Cast.Miss Lulu Johnson, Miss Louise Lyman, Miss Emma Lignot,

“ Agnes Abbatt, “ Ella M. Sellick, Mrs. Emma Fitch,Miss Ella Richardson.

A Bronze Medal to Miss Lousia Weeks, and Miss Mary L. Banks, for Perspective Drawing.

A Bronze Medal to Miss Carrie Wadie, and Miss Bessie Belcher , for Ornamental Drawing.

The following Students deserve honorable mention.Miss Fanny A. Nye. Miss Mary T. Eager , Miss Mary Norton,

“ E. A. Miller , “ Mary J. Estes, “ Rachel Hesse,“ Minnie Anstey, “ Mary Wagner , “ Mary Schmid,“ Agnes Shackleford, “ Jennie Miner , “ Sarah A. Ward.

30REGULAR COURSE OF STUDY.

C L ASS E -F irs t Year. Algebra, Geometry, Natural Philosophy and Elemen­tary Chemistry.

CLASS D - Second Year. Algebra, Geometry, Elementary Chemistry, and Astronomy.

CLASS C—Third Year. Trigonometry, Descrip'ive Geometry, Analytical Geometry and Mechanics.

CLASS B —Fourth Year. Analytical Geometry, Differential and Integral Calculus, and Mechanical Drawing.

CLASS A—Fifth Year. Mechanical Engineering, and Analytical Chemistry,

A SP ECIAL CLASS W ILL BE FORMED IN P RACTICAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, WITH

REFERENCE TO THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS.

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31

1873.] [1874

Names of Pupils in the Free Night Schools of Science and Art to whom Certificates have been Awarded.

I. —SCHOOL OF SC IE N C E .

CLASS A —F i f t h Y e a r .

NAMES.

MECHANICAL. ENG. ANAL. CHEMISTRY.

ClassGrade.

Certifi­cate.

ClassGrade.

Certifi­cate.

Henry J. He id e n is ........................ 1* 1† 4 2Edw ard A. M il le r ........................ 2 1 gPatrick D o o d y ............................... 3 1George K. N e v a n .......................... 4 1 gA. G riff in ........................................ 5 1W illiam R ichardson...................... 1 1W illiam K e n t .............. .. . . . 2 1F. W. S taebner............................... 3 1Albert W eissenborn ..................... 1 2Josephine C h ev a lie r.................... 2 2Max. L. W a lte rs ........................... 3 2E. H. Shorter. . . ..................... .. 5 2George W. B oskow itz ................... 6 2Frank W. C ro n ise ......................... 7 2

* Figure 1 (in “Class G rade”) denotes the best or more thoroughly educated member of the class; figure 2 the second best, &c.

† F igure 1 (in “ Certificate" ) denotes the first grade certificate, and the letter “ g " a graduate of the present term.

CLASS B — F o u r t h Y e a r .

NAMES.

ANAL. GEOM. CALCULUS. MECIH. D RAW ING.

Class Grade.

Certifi­cate.

ClassGrade.

Certifi­cate.

ClassGrade.

Certifi­cate.

George H. T. Doggett. 1 1g 2 1

John Wm. G eo rg e 2 i 1g 3 1 - - - S e e b a c h 1 1A. G riffin ................. 4 1Patrick D o o d y .............. 5 1 2 1George K. N e v a n ........ 6 1 3 1Joseph S la d k y .............. 1 1

32

CLASS C - Third Year .

NAMES.

MECHANICS.

ANAL.geom’t ’y.

TRIGONO­METRY.

DESCRIP.geom’t ’y.

Clas

sGr

ade.

Certi

fi­ca

te.Cl

ass

Grad

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rtifi­

cate.

Clas

sGr

ade.

Certi

fi­ca

te.Cl

ass

Grad

e.Ce

rtifi­

cate.

George O tt................................... 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1Richard A. Parker......................... 2 1 5 1 3 1 9 1Thomas Slattery............................. 3 1John O’Rourke.............................. 4 1 3 1 1 1 8 1Ernest J. Kaltenbach...................... 5 1 8 1 5 1 2 1A. G. C. Hahn............................... 6 1 7 1 6 1J. Henry Gercken.......................... 7 1 10 1 10 1George F. Hirseman....................... 8 1 4 1 4 1W. J. Larmer......................... 9 1Edwd. A. Miller............................. 10 1Lawrence Van Wyck....................... 11 1 11 1 8 1 1 1George W. Taylor.............. ............ 12 1 10 1Frank A. Wright............................ 13 1 6 1 7 1John Brandt.................................. 14 1 9 1 6 1John G. Gnadt............................... 15 1John F. Schloer.............................. 16 1 9 1 12 1 3 1Norman McCarthy.......................... 17 1 2 1 11 1Joseph Zimmerman...................... 18 1Walter C. Holliday........................ 4 1Nicholas Benson........................... 7 1W. C. Peckham........................... 11 1

33

CLASS D— S e c o n d Y e a r .

Algebra. Geome­try.

E lemChemis’y

Astron­omy.

NAMES.

Cla

ss

G

rade

Cer

tifi­

cate

.C

lass

Gra

de.

Cer

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.C

lass

Gra

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ca

te.

Diedrich H. B o rch es......................... 1 1 5 1 1 5 1Thomas S la ttery .................................. 2 1 4 1James Cronon......................................... 3 1 16 1 7 1John McAllister........ ................. . 4 1 6 1 1 13 1Andrew J. G illen................................. 5 1 18 1 1 9 1Henry Pittman ..................................... 6 1 10 1 1 6 1John P. Leo........................................... 7 1 12 1 1Joseph Zimmerman.............................. 8 1 19 1Max O. L e ide l............................ 9 1 15 1 1 11 1Kate O’Neil............................................ 1 1 1 1 2 1Maggie A. B ulk ley ............................... 2 1 3 1 1 3 1Edwin B row er....................................... 3 1 9 1 1 8 1John J. Sheehan ................................. 4 1 1 17 1Albert Lobenstein................. 5 1 11 1 1 18 1James Haughey ..................................... 6 1 1 10 1Hugh F. D o lan ..................................... 7 1 1 15 1William S. P urdy ................................... 8 1 8 1John B ardon ......................................... 9 1 14 1Thomas A. McBain................................ 10 1 7 1 1 14 1Isaac Stephens....................................... 11 1 16 1Edgar F. H allock ........................... . 1 1John M cN am ara................................... 4 1Arnold W. Brunner. ........................... 13 1Peter Dolan........................................... 17 1Michael J. Snyder ................................. 20 1Christopher Kane....................... ........ 1Henry D. Caruso................................... 1Theo. Engelbach.. ..................... . . . 1Frank Cronise......................................... 1Albert Weissenborn.............................. 1David E ngel............................................ 1Henry Schulze..................... ................. 1 1Joseph Laurier.. .................................. 12 1

34

CLASS E — F i r s t Y ea r .

ALGEBRA. Geome-TEY.

E lem.Chemis’y.

Nat. P h i­losophy.

NAMES.

Cla

ssG

rade

.C

ertif

i­ca

te.

Cla

ssG

rade

.C

ertif

i­ca

te.

Cla

ssG

rade

.C

ertif

i­ca

te.

C

lass

Gra

de.

Cer

tifi­

cate

.

John W. Allen...................................... 1 1 5 1 1James R. Smyth................................... 2 1 3 1 1 15 1Hannah M. Curtin ................................ 3 1 3 1 28 1Wm. J. Robinson................................... 4 1 9 1 1 21 1Peter J. D onnelly ............................... 5 1 3 1 1 16 1Myra H ineson....................................... 6 1 11 1 1 18 1Michael Phair......................................... 7 1Lina Stehelin ......................................... 8 1 4 1Emil M yers............................................. 9 1 6 1James F lannery ..................................... 10 1Wm. H. C arw ardine........ ................. 11 1 8 1 13 1Rebecca B etts........................................ 12 1 25 1Peter Dolan............................................ 13 1Alexander L ee........................................ 14 1Mary M cC arthy..................................... 15 1Jacob Seibert, J r ..................................... 1 1 7 1 1 31 1Charles Hopper....................................... 2 1 2 1Wm. F. Clewell..................................... 3 1 1 1 1 14 1Paul H. Hanus ............................... 4 1 1 1 1 9 1Arthur H. K ennedy........................... 5 1 8 1 1 17 1W. W. T insley ...................................... 6 1 6 1 1 20 1Gervase J. Tinsley................................. 7 1 7 1 1 27 1Thomas M. Mulry, J r ......................... 8 1 4 1William H e rd ......................................... 9 1Charles Black........................................ 10 1 2 1 7 1Samuel R. Scottron............................. 11 1 4 1 1 23 1Alexis W it te .......................................... 12 1 13 1 1 30 1Christina M. Himmelman................... 13 1 7 1 1 19 1Nicholas Gehrig..................................... 14 1Wm. C. M ackintosh............................. 15 1 11 1 1 24 1Elizabeth B. Vogel................. ... . . . 16 1 8 1 1 29 1Francis G allagher................................. 17 1 5 1Adolph Schmidt .................................. 18 1 1George H. H ughes............................... 19 1 1 32 1Chas. O. Hurlb u t ................................... 20 1 1Thomas A. Brady.................................. 21 1 3 1John A. Anderson................................. 22 1 12 1 1 2 1Eugene Thumm..................................... 6 1Peter J. Brady................................. 10 1Wm. E. Buckma n ......................... 1 1David L. Buckman............................... 2 1Henry N u triz io ..................................... 5 1John G. M ichaels................................. 9 1Emile F . Maurer................................... 10 1Edward A. Allen................................... 5 1Henry Schulze..................................... 1 1Wm. S. Dolby....................................... 7 1Andrew J. Kragh................................. 1 12 1John J. S ieg e l...................................... 1 18 1Thomas S lattery .................................. 11 1J. J. K line.............................................. 22 1Alexander L ee........................................ 1 33 1Charles Schm idt................................... 1 24 1

CLASS E - Continued.

A l g e b r a . G e o m e ­

t r y .ELEM.

C h e m i s ’y .N a t . P h i ­

l o s o p h y .

NAMES.

Cla

ssG

rade

.C

ertif

i­ca

te.

Clas

s

Gra

de.

Cer

tifi­

cate

.

Cla

ss

G

rade

.

Cer

tifi-

ca

te.

Cla

ssG

rade

.

Ce

rti

f.

cate

.

David E p h ra im ......... 34 1Sophie E. B arry......... .......................... 1 4 1Kate O’Neil ......................... .............. 6 1Maggie A. Bulkley......... ...................... 1 0 1Edwin Power.......................................... 35 1Wm J . Sullivan..................................... 36 1Ernest Montanus ......... .. ..................... 1Theo. Engelbach ................................. 1Max W ustrow ................. .................... 1Jas. L. Hendrickson ........ ............... 1Jas. R. Strugnell................................. 1Emil C. Koester..................................... 1Christopher K ane................................. 1Werner Fichtenberg......... .................... 1David E ngel............ ...........................William Herd ................. ..................

11

J. Schm itt.............................................. 1

3 5

36

11 --- SCHOOL OF A RT.

DRAWING FROM LIFE.

NAMES. | Clas

s Gr

ade.

| Cert

ifica

tes. PERSPECTIVE DRAWING

(Continued. )NAMES. Cla

ss Gr

ade.

Certi

ficate

s.

John Collins....................... 1 1 Charles Schwencke.............. 4 1Thomas B. Dyer.................. 2 1 Edwin Hirsch.................... 5 1G. F. Marchant................... 3 1 Hattie M. Newman.............. 6 1

Melvin B. Ray 4 1 Nellie M. Keenan............. 7 1Conrad Bozenhardt.............. 5 1 Annie Cunningham.............. 8 1F. W. Perry...... ............... 6 1 Angeline Waldeyer......... . 9 1Otto Krehbiel...... ............... 7 1 Delia Cunningham......... 10 1John M. Shinn.................... 8 1 Carrie V. C. Sanborn........... 11 1H. Wolf.............................. 9 1 James F. Moore................ 12 1Ledyard S. Sloan ............... 10 1 Edwd. M. White__. . . . 13 1Edward Martin................... . 11 1 Helen F Fairchild............ . 14 1Paul Groeber...................... 12 1 Mrs. Lewis F. Dupee ........... 15 1Max Guttmann.................... 13 1 G. Arbogast 16 1Hugo Neitzke..................... 14 1 Bart. Devlin............ .......... 17 1

Albert M. Epps................... 18 1DRAWING FROM CAST A C. Hubbard.................... 19 1

John Weber........................ 1 1 Kate Wood.......................... 20 1Anna R. Tuthill..... ........ 21 1Charles Ulrich..................... 2 1 Amelia Beer........................ 22 1Charles Schwabe................. 3 1 Fannie A. Nye.................... 23 1Otto Venino......................... 4 1 Abbie Clapp...................... 24 1Herman Bamberger............. 5 1 Robert Lewis...................... 25 1Wm. Koester....................... 6 1 Joseph Huber..................... 26 1Ernest Bachschmied ........... 7 1 Max Guttmann.................... 27 1Theodore Frohlich............... 8 1 Charles Lane. ..................... 28 1Louis F. Chew ................... 9 1 Thomas Mulligan................ 29 1E. Durand.................... ...... 10 1 J. P. Schweikert................. 30 1Edward McClennan.............. 11 1 Albert Huber.......... ........ 31 1George Lincke ................... 12 1 H. W Bamberger.......... . 32 1Ferdinand Ahles................. 13 1 Wm. Bader........................ 33 1John Muegge.................... 14 1 Geo. M. Walgrove.............. 34 1G. A. Carleton.................... 15 1

ELEM. MECH. DRAWING.Alfred Dudley.... .. ........... 16 1Arthur Langerfeld............... 17 1

G. W. Williams............... 1 1FORM DRAWING. William Dodd...................... 2 1

Alfred Hunt............ ........... 1 1 D. L. Buckman............... 3 1Wm. E. Buckman............... 4 1Edwd. M. White ............... 2 1 Wm. L. Brassington. .......... 5 1Bernard J. Imhof.............. 3 1 Christian Shorle ................ 6 1John P. Stenger 4 1 Otto Shortan...................... 71Thomas Powell. ................. 5 1 M. H. Gilbert.................... 8 1W. E. Dickinson................ 6 1 Ferd. Hamlicher................ 9 1Jacob Sloss....................... 7 1 John A. Howarth............... 10 1Timothy B. Jackson ......... . 8 1 Fred. Maxmilian............... 11 1Emil Richardt.................... 9 1 Gustave A. Harrer.............. 12 1Benj. F. Kelley.................. 10 1William Foulkes............... 13 1Charles Luhtmann.............. 11 1 Jas Howell........................ 14 1

PERSPECTIVE DRAWING Beni. Atkinson. ............... . 15 1Fred. E. Willets................. 16 1

Benjamin Braman............ 1 1 Chas. A. Cregin............... 17 1Wm. S. Frazer................... 2 1 Alonzo Hutchinson............ 18 1Adam Eishauer................... 3 1 Jacob Kroupa...... ............. 19 1

37

ELEM. MECH. DRAWING.

(Continued. )

Clas

s G

rade

.

| Cer

tific

ates

.

NAMES.

Jas. A. H. DeGroodt............... . 20 1Oscar Roesen 21 1

G. H. Grube Jr......................... 22 1Samuel L. Cooper................. . 23 1

Jas. S. Richards 24 1Frank Rohlfs............................ 25 1Julius Ueker................. . 26 1

Patk. Kenny 27 1Gottlieb Haller................. 28 1

J. A. McAlister . 29 1Hermann Rabbe....................... 30 1

Sam. Halliday 31 1Richard F ischer...................... 32 1

J. E. Locktuin 33 1J. G. Neubauer 34 1Geo. Rucksthul 35 1Philip Helreigle 36 1Wm. E. Golding 37 1Henry H. Parry 38 1John Conrad 39 1M. H. Demarest 40 1R. H. Monroe 41 1John J. Goodwin 42 1George Sneider 43 1Mortimer Bishop 44 1Edwd. Wilkinson 45 1Roger Keily 46 1Wm. Barnes 47 1W. Brown 48 1

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING.George Karch 1 1David Young 2 1

Albert Seele........................ 3 1August Lohmeyer...................... 4 1

James P. Casey 5 1Robert Lewis 6 1

Fred. Robinson..........................Nicholas K lippel....................

78

11

John T. M oore. ....................... 1 1G. D. S. Kohler......................... 2 1

John Fury 3 1Daniel Cashen. 4 1

Wm. C. Samuells 5 1H. Fenell Jr...................... .......... 6 1John Boedicker. ....................... 7 1Emil Quehl......................... ........ 1 1E. A. Maynard........................... 2 1August Niewohner.................... 3 1

George W. Isaacs 4 1Richard Berger 5 1

John G. Michels......................... 7 1Robert J. Folger....................... 7 1

J. F. Tatzreiter 8 1George W. R a p p ...... ................ 9 1

ARCHITECT'L . DRAWING,

( Continued. )

NAM ES. Clas

s G

rade

.

Cer

tific

ates

.

H. C. Harrower....................... 10 1Edward H. Fisher................... 11 1Louis Ruthmann............ .. 1 1Julius Diemar........................... 2 1Edward Koch 3 1Robt. G. Sm ith........................ 4 1Ignatz Brod............................... 5 1Otto Oglettendorf. . . . . . . . 6 1Louis Schneider ..................... 7 1William Stein Jr....................... 8 1Wm. J. Laverty....................... 9 1Wm. S. Miller........................... 10 1Geo. H. Robbins..................... 11 1Robert W eil............................... 12 1G. T. Bainbridge..................... 1 1Andrew Watt .................... 2 1Fred. R udolph . ....................... 1 1Geo. K . Addison..................... 2 1

Henry Miller 3 1Cearles S. Vincent................... 4 1W. H. Garnsey......................... 5 1Saml. M. Carr....... ................. 6 1

Walter Wright 7 1Samuel D Harned.................. 8 1J oh n E. Blake........................... 9 1

FIGURE DRAWING.Edward Dowdall 1 1Orvill V. Lance......................... 2 1J. R. O’Halloran....................... 3 1

Fred. R. Quainz 4 1Oliver Grant 5 1Phillips S. Penz 6 1Charles L. B ilgea....................... 7 1

A. Duncan Savage 8 1Gustav Leber............................... 9 1

H. Queckberner 10 1Emil Wurz....................... ........... 1 1Bernhard Golde......................... 2 1Fred. W. Brodsky..................... 3 1Isaac W. Taber.......................... 4 1

August Hoffman 5 1Alfred Kahn 6 1Jacob Hartnagel ....................... 7 1

Valentine Hartnagel 8 1Frank Jungling 9 1Richard Groves......................... . 10 1Christian R ohner................. 11 1William Moser ...................... 12 1Charles H. Berk ..................... . 13 1

ORNAMENTAL DRAWING (Copy. ')Hermann Ramminger ............ 1 1Charles Schn eid er .................... 2 1Charles Baunmann.................... 3 1

38

ORNAMENTAL DRAWING. (Continued. )

NAMES. Class

Grad

e.

Certi

ficate

.

August Dumert................... 4 1Robert Lauckhardt............ 5 1Frank Jay. . . ...... ............... 6 1Theodore Frohlich 7 1Charles Sahm ..................... 8 1John Cassebaum ................. 9 1Richard Hermann .......... 10 1John Banks 11 1William Weber.................... 12 1William Hidden ................. 13 1Frank Engert 14 1William Elterich ...... ........ . 15 1Albert Schreimer................. 16 1Henry Ihlefeld.................... 17 1Fredrick Knapp 18 1John Metzger .................... 19 1Rudolph Weissenborn......... . 20 1Joseph Higgins.................... 21 1Rudolph Ballmann...... ...... 22 1Charles Rohlfs.................... 23 1John Kohlmeier ................ 24 1Fredrick Imgrund .............. 25 1Eyolf Soot.......................... 26 1Frank Dietlef.................... . 27 1Ferdinand Joergens............. . 28 1John Wertsch .................... 29 1Gustav Altenberg 30 1George Andrews .................. 31 1William Kammer 32 1John Kammer .................... 33 1Richard Titze 34 1Matthew Norton... ............. 35 1Peter Axmacher ................. 36 1Charles Berlepsch................. 37 1George Hess 38 1Paul Torek ............‘........... 39 1Gustav Kropf .... ............. 40 1Friedrich Keller.................. 41 1William Wolf .................... 42 1Charles Gerhard ............ 43 1Henry Hulshoff.................. 44 1Hermann Worch................. 45 1John Faustmann................. 46 1Andrew Clausen ................. 47 1William Ruckert................. 48 1Emil Reichard ................... 49 1Jacob Hess 50 1Vincent Terraoli 51 1Louis Berger....................... 52 1Edward Tschudy................. 53 1Fredrick Kaffner ............... . 54 1Theodore Schmidt ...... ....... 55 1William Beyer ........... ...... 56 1Quirin Guillaume ........... 1 1Frank Bender...................... 2 1Albert Weiss....................... 3 1

ORNAMENTAL DRAWING. (Continued. )

NAMES. Class

Grad

e.

Certi

ficate

.

G. W. Van Dien................. 4 1Otto Scharf......................... 5 1Marcus Stern....................... 6 1Wm. Pfitzner...................... 7 1Albert Mente...................... 8 1Adam Wunderling .............. 9 1Charles Foster .................. 10 1Charles Wuagneux.............. 11 1Louis Thurn....................... 12 1RUDIMENTAL DRAWING. (Copy. )Edward M. White ................ 1 1Hermann Toaspern Jr...... 2 1Louis Young. . . . . .............. 3 1Edward Weissenborn.......... 4 1Frederick Knaak............. 5 1Jacob Lindner................... 6 1John Borst.................... .... 7 1Wm. H. Clark............... 8 1John Minarzek............... 9 1Joseph Wiegand................. 10 1George Hillwig ................. 11 1William Richer................... 12 1Adolf Hangert..................... 13 1Charles Beck...................... 14 1Hermann Heil.................... 15 1William Muller................... 16 1William Schmitz............... . 17 1Adolph Holzer................... 18 1Charles Boleschka................ 19 1Hugo Meinhart................... 20 1Frederick B. Opper 21 1John Liscieki..................... 22 1Nicholas Becker................. 23 1Louis Rectanus ................. 24 1Theodore Schmitt.............. 25 1John Turnquist................... 26 1John Weber. . ..................... 27 1Louis Rauch...................... 28 1Frank Robinson................ 29 1Emanuel Souwaine ............ 30 1Frederick Schreck.............. 31 1Joseph Schaffler................. 32 1Frank Zickler..................... 33 1Louis Joutel....................... 34 1Edward Brieson................. 35 1Julius Schlesinger.............. 36 1Valentine G. Zaun............ 37 1Francil Abel..................... 38 1August Scherr.................... 39 1Frederick Ringer............... . 40 1Arthur Thomas.................. . 41 1Frank Pollasky 42 1Moritz Pollasky 43 1William Wachter............ . 44 1Frederick Kautz.................. 45 1

NAMES OF GRADUATES.

39

T O WHOM T HE COOPER U NION MEDAL HAS BEEN AWARDED.

1864 - Robert Scott, George Haitzen, William Forbes, William L. Taylor, Eugene Corbet t.

1865—Daniel H. Ives, Adam Bosch.1866—Miss Rosalinda H. Palmer.1867—Miss Elizabeth McHugh, August Doerflinger, M. H. Beers, Thomas

Fitzsimmons.1868—Sarah W. Fuller, Fanny E. Plumb, Henry J. Pape, John McCarthy.1869—Joseph P. Smyth, M. J. Clarke, Robert Maynickie, J. A. McAvoy,

A. A. Griffin.1870—E. M. Kennedy, Thomas J. Rider, Wm. J. Logan, Allan Stirling,

Emile Eberlin, J. M. Bossong.1871—Alonzo Chamberlin, Wm. H. Graham, Oscar Goerke, Wm. Pickhardt,

Daniel B. Preston.1872— Otto F. E. Muller, William Logan, Joseph Boyce, William Kent.1873 —Miss Sarah Collins, Patrick Doody. George Jungerman.1874—George H .T. Doggett, John Wm. George, Edward A. Miller, George K.

Nevan.

GRADUATES.

1866-Frank Curtis, Miss Rosalinda H. Palmer, David Ferguson, Gram Curtis, Heyward Meyers.

1867—Miss Elizabeth McHugh, M. H. Beers, August Doerflinger, Thomas Fitzsimmons, Frank Curtis, Gram Curtis, David Ferguson, C. H. Meyers.

1868 —Fanny E. Plumb, Sarah W. Fuller, Henry J. Pape, John McCarthy.1869—Jeseph P . Smyth, M. J. Clarke, Robert Maynickie, J. A. McAvoy,

A. A, Griffin.1870—E. M. Kennedy. Thomas J. Rider, Wm. J. Logan, Allan Stirling, Emile

Eberlin, J . M. Bossong,1871—Alonzo Chamberlin, Wm. H. Graham, Daniel B. Preston, Oscar Goerke,

Wm. Pickhardt, Julius Rettig,1872-~Otto F. E. Muller, Joseph Boyce, William Logan, William Kent.1873—Miss Sarah Collins, Patrick Doody, George Jungerman.1874—George H. T. Doggett, John Wm. George, Edward A. Miller, George

K. Nevan.

40

T R A D E S A N D O C C U P A T IO N S O F T H E

P U P IL S O F T H E C O O P E R U N IO N .

Math

emat-

ics.

Chem

. & Na

t Ph

iloso

phy.

Arch

. Dra

w­ing

.M

ech.

Draw

­in

g.|

Free

Hand

|

Draw

ing.

M

odeli

ng

in

Clay

.

Pers.

and

F.

Draw

ing.

Life

and

Cast

Dr

awing

. |

Total

.

Clerks and Bookkeepers........... 132 122 17 17 51 7 9 3 358Machinists and Ironworkers...... 92 3 61 79 15 4 3 2 295Teachers and Students ........... 48 89 5 7 2 2 12 14 129Carpenters and Cabinetmakers 57 27 67 33 3 5 8 221Draughtsmen and Patternmakers 23 1321 41 14 1 5 118Masons and Builders................ 19 21 24 25 3 7 2 101Stone and Marble Cutters......... 18 17 11 15 10 20 1 2 94

Painters 27 1 31 2 4 5 70 Pianoforte Makers 3 2 5 16 1 27

Engineers......... 5 27: 2 25 1 92Carvers and Turners................ 37 2 6 14 213 19 11 12 282Engravers and Lithographers... 7 4 3 12 198 14 7 5 250Artists................ ................... . 2 6 1 15 20 44Jewelers and Watchmakers...... 4 9 7 6 52 4 3 85Printers........................ ...... 16 17 5 7 11 2 58Plumbers and Gasfitters ......... 24 18 9 17 16 3 87Coopers ............................... 14 22 9 6 10 61Sundry Occupations................. 28 21 3 10 26 5 4 97Not Specified.......................... 19 18 7 11 23 6 2 86

546 443 244 327 726 103 87 79 2555