Index

9/11: attacks on US, 3, 17, 23, 33,

109, 111–13, 122–26, 127, 133,

153, 159, 239–41, 263–64, 267,

270, 275–76, 296; Commission

Report, 125–26

24, 252–53, 254–55

Abaaoud, Abdelhamid, 202

Abedi, Salman, 202

Abedin, Huma, 213, 331

Abu Ghraib Prison, 293

Abu-Lughod, Lila, 152–53

Acebes, Ángel, 180

Abduh, Muhammad, 230

Afghanistan. See Northern

Alliance; Soviet-Afghan War;

Taliban; War on Terror

Afghan Women and Children

Relief Act, 145–46

Agency, The, 252

Ahmed, Leila, 231

Al-Awlaki, Anwar, 156, 241

Algeria, 80, 82, 83, 144

Ali, Kecia, 152

Ali, Muhammad, 338, 339

All-American Muslim, 259–60

Allen, Christopher, 25

al-Qaeda, 3, 13, 22, 112, 116,

120–22, 125, 127, 128, 130,

131–32, 139, 180, 182, 184,

199, 208, 210, 241, 253, 277

Alsultany, Evelyn, 254–55, 256

al-Zawahiri, Ayman, 121

American Civil Liberties Union

(ACLU), 291

American Enterprise Institute,

139, 224

American Freedom Defense Ini-

tiative, 23

American Sniper, 265–66

Amirahmadi, Hooshang, 285

Amnesty International, 156, 200

Anti-Defamation League (ADL),

23, 211

anti-Semitism, 36–38, 85, 279–80,

343, 350

365

Aquinas, Thomas, 50, 59

Arab-Israeli War, 88

Arab League, 191, 192

Arab nationalism, 115–17

Arab oil embargo (1973), 251

Arab socialism, 115

Arab spring, 144

Argentina, 86, 198

Argo, 266–67

Ashcroft, John, 274

Atran, Scott, 132

Austria, 18, 85, 196, 197, 218, 302,

310, 313, 314, 320, 324

Awad, Nihad, 285

Babel, 269

Bachmann, Michele, 213

Bahrain, 231

Balfour, Arthur, 86

Balfour Declaration, The, 86–87

Bangladesh, 142, 150, 152, 231,

232

Bannon, Steve, 216

Barlas, Asma, 152, 230

Barr, Roseanne, 258–59

Bayle, Pierre, 69–70

Belgium, 18, 161, 197, 200,

201–2, 221, 310, 326

Bibliander, Thomas, 64

Bigelow, Kathryn, 270

bin Laden, Osama, 112, 120–22,

126, 127, 132, 134, 265

Black Hawk Down, 264, 266

Black Lives Matter, 279

Black Tent, The, 268

Blair, Tony, 130, 286

Bloomberg, Michael, 316

Bolton, John, 217

Bosnia, 36

Boston Marathon Bombings, 130,

133

Boulainvilliers, Henri de, 71

Bouyeri, Muhammad, 170,

176–77, 178

Boycott, Divestment, and Sanc-

tions (BDS), 289

Boykin, William, 28

Brazil, 198

Breivik, Anders Behring, 13, 220,

302–6

Brennan Center for Justice, 279

Brexit, 219

Britain, 3, 11, 19, 20, 77, 79–80,

81–82, 86–87, 99, 127, 130,

136, 143, 160, 161, 163,

166–70, 182–88, 193 195–96,

197, 199–200, 202, 203, 211,

218, 219, 244, 260, 277,

285–88, 289–90, 300–301, 302,

315, 319, 320, 323, 326. See

also London Bombings (7/7);

London Bridge attack (2017);

Manchester Arena bombing

(2017); Westminster Bridge

attack (2017)

Brussels bombings (2016), 200,

201–2

Bulgaria, 313

THE FEAR OF ISLAM

366

Bulletproof, 262

Bunzl, Matti, 36–38

burqa, 23–24, 248–49, 311–15;

Belgian ban, 24, 313; French

ban, 24, 312–13, 315

Buruma, Ian, 223

Bush, George W., 32, 122–23,

128, 129, 138, 139–40, 145–46,

153, 181, 208, 224, 277, 331

Bush, Laura, 146

Bylund, Linus, 222

Cain, Herman, 214

CAIR (Council on American-

Islamic Relations), 254–55,

278–80, 343

Calvin, John, 63, 67

Cameron, David, 187, 348

Canada, 173, 225, 260, 266–67

Captain Marvel, 270

Captured by Bedouins, 262

Carlyle, Thomas, 90

Carson, Ben, 17, 214–15

Carter, Jimmy, 118, 166

Center for American Progress, 206

Chappelle, Dave, 338

Charlie Hebdo attacks (2015), 133,

199, 201, 202, 203, 300

Charlottesville rally (2017), 33,

279–80

Cheney, Dick, 123–25

Chile, 198

Chirac, Jacques, 307

Christianity: medieval views of

Islam, 51–60; Reformation

views of Islam, 63–67

CIA (Central Intelligence

Agency), 117, 143, 253–54,

282, 292–94

clash of civilizations thesis, 15,

99–108; Bush administration’s

reliance on, 122–25

Clinton, Hillary, 218, 331

Cold War, 103–4, 108, 113–22,

144–45, 333

Cole, Juan, 267

Colonialism: definition, 78; Euro-

pean, 78–84

Columbus, Christopher, 79

Community, 260

Conway, Kellyanne, 216–17

Cordoba, 45, 49, 57–58

Corsair, The, 262

Countering Violent Extremism

(CVE), 277–80

Counter-Terrorism and Security

Act (2015), 287

Crusades, 27, 44–45, 53–54

Cruz, Ted, 201–2, 214, 215

cultural racism, 17–18, 29–31

Curtis, Edward, 7, 332–33, 339,

343, 347, 348

Danish Cartoon Controversy, 19,

21, 188–99

decolonization, 81–84

INDEX

367

Denmark, 19, 21, 290, 313. See

also Danish Cartoon Contro-

versy

detention of Muslims and Arabs,

290–94

deportation of Muslims and Arabs,

290–94

Dewinter, Filip, 221–22

dhimmis, 46

Didsbury Mosque, 202

Dinet, Etienne, 9

Dionysus of Tel-Mahre, 51–52

discourse, definition of, 95

Dowd, Marueen, 248

EastEnders, 260

East of La Brea, 261

Egypt, 80, 82, 88, 115, 116, 117,

134, 142, 143, 144, 149, 151,

191, 192, 232, 293

Eisenhower Doctrine (1957),

115–16

El-Gamal, Sharif, 316

Ellison, Keith, 213, 329, 330, 331,

334, 337, 338, 340, 346, 350

El Saadawi, Nawal, 151

El-Sisi, Abdel Fattah, 144

Emerson, Steven, 212, 241

English Defence League, 305

Enlightenment, The, 14–15,

68–76, 90, 95, 174

entrapment, 281–82

Erasmus of Rotterdam, 63

Esack, Farid, 231

Eritrea, 149

Esposito, John, 7, 140, 330, 335,

339, 343, 349, 350

essentialism, 25

Ethiopia, 82, 149, 173

European Court of Human

Rights, 294, 313

European Monitoring Centre for

Racism and Xenophobia

(EUMC), 37, 302

European Union, 38, 160, 219,

299, 302

Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA),

179–81

extraordinary rendition, 292–93

Ezzat, Heba Raouf, 151–52

Farage, Nigel, 219

fatwa, 134–35, 166–68; Khomeini

fatwa against Salman Rushdie,

166–68

FBI (Federal Bureau of Investiga-

tion), 30, 137, 278, 280–82,

284, 285, 297–98

Fekete, Liz, 289

Female genital cutting, 147, 149,

151, 228, 234

Ferdinand of Aragon, 45, 48

Finland, 196

Fort Hood (TX) shootings, 240

Fortuyn, Pim, 171–72

Foucault, Michel, 95–96

France, 2–3, 77, 79–80, 81–82,

83–84, 91–92, 99, 160, 161,

THE FEAR OF ISLAM

368

193, 197, 198, 199, 200–201,

202–3, 218, 285–87, 288–89,

300, 312–13, 315, 320, 323,

326. See also burqa, French

ban; hijab, French ban;

November 2015 Paris attacks

François, Myriam, 7, 334, 342,

346–47, 348–49

Freysinger, Oskar, 324

Friedkin, William, 263

Friedman, Thomas, 134, 135

Gabriel, Brigitte, 211, 217

Gaffney, Frank, 211, 213–14,

216–17

Geller, Pamela, 17, 206, 209–12,

216, 305, 315, 329

Germany, 18, 35, 36, 140, 161,

193, 196, 218, 222, 260–61,

289, 302, 310, 313, 315, 319,

320, 322

Gérôme, Jean-Léon, 92

Ghana, 83–84

Gingrich, Newt, 214, 316

Giuliani, Rudolf, 130

Golden Hands of Kurigal, 262

good Muslim/bad Muslim, 24–27,

123, 154, 254–59, 261

Gorka, Sebastian, 299

Graham, Franklin, 28

Granada, 45

Grande, Ariana, 200

Greece, 2, 287, 288

Grey’s Anatomy, 261

Ground Zero Mosque. See Park51

Islamic Center

Guandolo, John, 30

Guantanamo Bay, 293–94

Gurib-Fakim, Ameenah, 150

hadith, 164–65

Halliday, Fred, 27

Hamas, 116, 134, 150

Hamdani, Salman, 213

Harris, Sam, 18

Hasan, Nidal, 240

hate crimes, 185–86, 203, 296–302

Helder, Luke, 242

Herzl, Theodor, 85–86

Hezbollah, 116, 132

hijab, 23–24, 247–48, 306–11;

French ban, 248, 306–10

hijra, 43

Hirsi Ali, Ayaan, 14–15, 21, 171,

172–76, 223–35, 236, 246

Hollande, François, 203

Holocaust, 18, 36, 87, 197, 316

Homeland, 253–56

Horowitz, David, 345

Human Rights Watch (HRW),

157, 288, 291, 315

Hungary, 2, 34, 320

Huntington, Samuel, 100, 103–8,

125

Hussain, Shahed, 281–82

Hussein, Saddam, 127–28, 139,

144

INDEX

369

Iberian Peninsula. See Spain

ijtihad, 227–28, 230

India, 61, 79, 80, 82, 165

Indonesia, 82, 142, 150, 152, 231

Ingres, Jean Auguste Dominique,

92

Inquisition, Spanish, 48, 131

Insdorf, Annette, 270–71

Iran, 61, 80, 142, 143, 144, 151,

152, 155, 161, 166, 192, 295;

Revolution (1979), 11, 117–19,

251, 266–67, 333

Iraq, 80, 88, 161. See also War on

Terror

Irish Republican Army, 137, 179

Isabella of Castile, 45, 48

ISIS, 3, 5, 13, 22, 131–32, 137,

155, 184, 199–203

Islam: origins, 42–44

Islamic Center (Washington, DC),

129

Islamism: origins, 115–17

Islamophilia. See good Muslim/bad

Muslim

Islamophobia: definition of, 3, 4,

9–10, 12, 38–39; professional,

205–36

Israel. See Israeli-Palestinian con-

flict

Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 11,

84–88, 122, 139, 184, 251,

288–89, 347–48

Italy, 2, 34, 80, 161, 287, 294, 314,

315

Jamaat-e-Islami, 134

Jambon, Jan, 201

Japan: attack on Pearl Harbor,

112, 275–76; US internment

camps of Japanese, 275–76, 296

Jarrett, Valerie, 258–59

Jefferson, Thomas, 73–75

Jeffress, Robert, 28

Jenkins, Roy, 169

Jerusalem, 44

Jesus, 43, 55–56, 197–98

jihad, definition, 113

jizya, 46, 48

John of Damascus, 54–57

Johnson, William, 33

Jordan, 82, 116, 134, 144, 151, 232

Joya, Malalai, 157

Juste, Carsten, 190

Justice and Development Party

(Turkey), 116

Kahf, Mohja, 231

Karman, Tawakkol, 336

Kent, Marjorie Dove, 7, 337,

343–44, 350

Kenya, 122, 131, 173

Khan, Humayun, 26–27

Khan, Khizr, 26

Khan, Majid, 293

Khan, Mohammed Siddique, 184

Khan, Sayyid Ahmad, 230

Khomeini, Ruhollah, 118, 166

Kingdom, The, 264, 266

Kingdom of Heaven, 269

THE FEAR OF ISLAM

370

King, Martin Luther, 352

King, Peter, 130, 212–13, 217

Korteweg, Anna, 246–47

Koufax, Sandy, 338

Ku Klux Klan (KKK), 33

Kurz, Sebastian, 320

Kuwait, 231

Kyle, Chris, 265–66

Last Temptation of Christ, The,197–98

League of Nations, 80

Lean, Nathan, 206

Lebanon, 80, 116 132, 142, 143,

151, 192, 269

Legends of Tomorrow, 261

Le Pen, Marine, 201, 222

Lewis, Bernard, 99–103, 105,

106–8, 123–25, 234

Libya, 80, 82, 192, 295

Little Mosque on the Prairie, 260

Locke, John, 74

London Bombings (7/7), 182–88,

203, 285

London Bridge attack (2017), 200,

202, 203

Loomba, Ania, 78

Lost, 256–58

Luger, Andrew, 279

Luther, Martin, 64–67, 90, 148

Macedonia, 322

Madjid, Nurcholish, 231

Madrid Bombings (11-M), 137,

179–82, 200, 285

Mahmood, Saba, 235

Malaysia, 79, 80, 142, 150, 151

Manchester Arena bombing

(2017), 200, 202, 203

Manji, Irshad, 223–35

Mather, Cotton, 72, 73

Mattson, Ingrid, 7, 331–32,

335–36, 340, 347

Mauritius, 150, 231

May, Theresa, 211

McCarthyism, 114, 208

McMahon, Colleen, 282

McVeigh, Timothy, 242

Mecca, 43, 164–65

Medina, 42, 43

Meer, Nasar, 31

Merabet, Ahmed, 203

Merkel, Angela, 218

Mernissi, Fatima, 231

MeToo movement, 233–34

Miller, Gregory, 66

minaret conflicts, 321–26, 324–26;

Swiss ban, 14, 323, 324–26

Modood, Tariq, 31

Mogahed, Dalia, 7, 329, 339, 341,

342–43, 344, 346, 350–51

Monty Python’s Life of Brian, 197

Moors, 51, 54

Mooz-Lum, 269–70

More, Thomas, 63

Morocco, 80, 142, 144, 181

Morsi, Mohamed, 142

INDEX

371

Mosaddegh, Mohammad, 267

Mos Def, 338

mosque conflicts, 315–20. See alsoPark51 Islamic Center

Ms. Marvel, 270

Mubarak, Hosni, 144

Mughal Empire, 61

Muhammad, Abdulhakim

Mujahid, 242–43

Muhammad, The Prophet: depic-

tion in The Satanic Verses,164–65; Enlightenment criti-

cisms, 68–71, 72; life, 42–43;

medieval criticisms, 53–54,

55–56, 57–59; Orientalist criti-

cisms, 90; Reformation criti-

cisms, 63–67. See also Danish

Cartoon Controversy

multiculturalism, 169, 173, 177,

187, 188, 218, 229, 255

Muslim ban (US), 216, 294–96

Muslim Brotherhood, 116, 117,

134, 142, 150, 213–14, 259,

331

Muslim Students Association

(MSA), 1–2

Mu’tazilism, 49

mujahideen, 119–21, 127

Napoleon, 79–80

Nasser, General Abdel, 115, 117

National Front. See National Rally

National Liberation Front (Alge-

ria), 83

National Public Radio (NPR), 19

National Rally, 218

National Security Entry-Exit Reg-

istration System (NSEERS),

276, 292

National Union of Teachers

(NUT), 287

native informants, 223–35

neocolonialism: definition, 83–84

Netherlands, 77, 79, 80, 81–82,

161, 170–78, 218, 221, 277,

314, 318

Newburgh Four, 281–82

Nice attack (2016), 137, 199, 201

Nkrumah, Kwame, 83

Northern Alliance (Afghanistan),

156–57

Northern League (Italy), 34

Norway, 161, 220, 302–6. See alsoBreivik, Anders Behring

November 2015 Paris attacks, 199,

200–201, 203, 204, 286, 318

NSA (National Security Agency),

285

NYPD, 282–85

Obama, Barack, 13, 130, 144,

155–56, 215, 249, 259, 277–79,

330–31

Oklahoma City bombing, 241–42

Old Ironsides, 262

Omeish, Abrar, 296

Orbán, Viktor, 34

THE FEAR OF ISLAM

372

Organisation of the Islamic Con-

ference, 134, 191

Orientalism: academic study,

89–94; art, 91–93; definition,

89, 94–96; relationship to

Islamophobia, 108–09; Said’s

Orientalism, 94–98

Oslo/Utøya attacks. See Breivik,

Anders Behring

Ottoman Empire: origins, 61–62

Page, Wade Michael, 302

Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza,

117–18, 143–44

Pakistan, 6, 18, 43, 82, 134, 142,

147, 150, 155, 192, 231, 239,

249

Palestine. See Israeli-Palestinian

conflict

Palin, Sarah, 316

Pape, Robert, 132

Paris, je t’aime (Paris, I Love You),

269

Park51 Islamic Center, 1, 210–11,

315–17, 330

Patel, Eboo, 7, 330, 333–34,

338–339, 341–42, 344–46, 347,

348, 349–50, 352

Patriot Act (Netflix), 261

PEGIDA, 35, 201

Pelican Brief, The, 262

Perle, Richard, 124

Persian Gulf War, 121, 242,

256–57

Peters, Frances, 47

Peter the Venerable, 58–59, 64

Phillips, Melanie, 187–88

Pipes, Daniel, 206–9, 212, 226,

236, 305

Poland, 35, 293

political Islam. See Islamism.

Pompeo, Mike, 217

Poole, Elizabeth, 244

Portugal, 79, 302

Powell, Colin, 331

Powell, Kimberly, 240–41

Prevent (UK), 286–87

Prideaux, Humphrey, 72

Qatar, 125, 134, 231

Quinn, Frederick, 92–93

Qur’an, 5, 15–16, 22, 23, 43, 56,

63–64, 65–66, 67, 135, 149,

151–52, 174, 175, 176, 190,

222, 250, 337–38

racism. See cultural racism

radicalization theories, 277,

283–84

Rainolds, William, 67

Ramadan, Tariq, 7, 329, 337, 341,

351

Rasmussen, Anders Fogh, 191–92,

194

Rauf, Feisal Abdul, 316

Reagan, Ronald, 120

INDEX

373

Reconquista, 27, 45, 54, 131

Renan, Ernest, 90–91, 97

Renoir, Auguste, 92

Rigby, Lee, 349

Roberts, John, 295–96

Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, 268

Romania, 293

Roque, Frank, 301–2

Roseanne, 258–59

Rose, Flemming, 189–90

Rothschild, Walter, 86

Rules of Engagement, 262–64

Rushdie Affair, 11–12, 163–70,

175, 184, 194

Rushdie, Salman, 11, 21, 163–70

Runnymede Report, 10, 11–20,

22, 24–25, 37

Safavid Empire, 61

Safi, Omid, 230

Said, Edward, 94–98, 99, 106–8,

168–69. See also Orientalism,

Said’s OrientalismSaladin, 44, 269

San Bernardino attacks (2015), 294

Santorum, Rick, 140

Saracens, 51, 52, 53, 62

Sarkozy, Nicolas, 15

Satanic Verses, The. See Rushdie

Affair

Saudi Arabia, 13, 80, 132, 134,

144, 147, 151, 153, 173, 192,

264, 318

Schlüer, Ulrich, 14

Schudson, Michael, 238

Scott, A. O., 264

Seville, 45, 49

Shahada, 190–91, 345

Shaheen, Jack, 261–62, 264

Sharia, 16, 133, 142, 211, 215, 216

Siege, The, 262

Sikhs, 282, 301–2

Singapore, 80, 150, 231

Sisters in Islam (Malaysia), 150

Six-Day War (1967), 88, 116–17,

251

Sleeper Cell, 252

Sodhi, Balbir Singh, 301–2

Somalia, 18, 155, 161, 264, 295

Song of Antioch, The, 53

Sotomayor, Sonia, 296

South Africa, 165

Southern Baptist Convention

(SBC), 149

Southern Poverty Law Center,

211

Soviet-Afghan War, 117, 119–22,

127

Soviet Union, 83, 103, 113–15,

117, 119–22, 144

Spain, 2, 44, 45, 47–48, 49, 52, 54,

57–58, 79, 104, 161, 179–82,

185, 196, 200, 302, 313–14,

315. See also Madrid Bomb-

ings; Inquisition, Spanish

Spencer, Robert, 18, 206, 209–12,

216, 298–99, 305, 329

THE FEAR OF ISLAM

374

Spivak, Gayatri, 154

Submission, 174–76

Sudan, The, 82, 165

Suleyman the Magnificent, 61–62

Sutherland, Kiefer, 254

Sweden, 161, 222, 224, 287, 293,

323

Swiss People’s Party 14, 218,

324–26

Switzerland, 14, 161, 196, 218,

313, 324–26. See also minaret

conflicts, Swiss ban

Syria, 18, 80, 88, 116, 192, 295

Taliban, 127–28, 145–46, 153,

156, 249–50

Tanweer, Shehzad, 184

Tanzania, 122, 131

Taken, 268

Taken 2, 268

taqiyya, 16–17

Taylor, Ken, 267

Tell MAMA (UK), 301

Thief of Bagdad, The, 268

Threat Matrix, 252

Toledo, 49

torture, 292–94

Transjordan, 80, 88

travel ban (US). See Muslim ban

True Lies, 262

Trump, Donald J., 26, 32–34, 144,

156, 202, 215–17, 219, 243–44,

279–80, 294–96, 299, 330, 331

Tunisia, 80, 142, 149–50

Turkey, Republic of, 38, 80, 62,

116, 149–50, 152, 231, 268. See

also Ottoman Empire

Türkisch für Anfänger (Turkish for

Beginners), 260–61

United Arab Emirates, 151, 248

United Kingdom. See Britain

United Nations, 83, 87, 232, 249,

293, 325

USA PATRIOT Act, 275

Valls, Manuel, 15, 286

van Gogh, Theo, 170–71, 172,

176–78, 204

Veinstein, Gilles, 60–61

Vienna, Siege of, 62, 77, 101,

304–5

Voltaire, 70, 72

Wadud, Amina, 152, 231

War on Terror, 26, 112–13,

127–57, 181, 182, 184, 273–74

Weldon, Fay, 169

Westergaard, Kurt, 190–91, 192

Westminister Bridge attack

(2017), 200

Whitehead, Andrew, 33

white nationalism, 31–35

Wilders, Geert, 178, 201, 220–21,

223, 236, 305, 318

Williams, Juan, 19

Williams, Pharrell, 335

INDEX

375

Wolfowitz, Paul, 124

Woodward, Bob, 124

World War I, 77, 81, 86–87

World War II, 36, 83, 84, 99, 113,

114, 122, 143, 160, 182, 211,

251, 275–76, 296

Yemen, 6, 80, 147, 150, 155–56,

263, 295

Yerushalmi, David, 211

Yousafzai, Malala, 249–50

Yugoslavia, 161

Yurdakul, Gökçe, 246–47

Zapatero, José, 181

Zelenik, Lou Ann, 317, 325

Zero Dark Thirty, 265, 266, 270

Zionism: definition, 85; origins,

85–88

THE FEAR OF ISLAM

376