The Fall of RomePax Romana: 200 year period of peace and progress in Roman Empire before the fall

Social Problems(Famine and Disease spread

throughout the Empire)

Weak Roman Government(Dishonest gov’t officials; poor

leadership)

Declining Economy (Income & wages fall; Wealthy

refuse to pay taxes)

Rome Fails & Divides in two(Gov’t fails to keep order; Violence and Tension; Diocletian Divides the

Empire)

Western Roman EmpireMany attacks by Germanic Tribes

Rome Falls476 c.e. Rome Falls; Western empire

is divided into Germanic Tribes

Eastern Roman EmpireConstantinople: New capital; Empire

prospers

Eastern Roman EmpireCreated from Eastern Roman empire

Last for 1,000 years

Date: 8/19/19 Page: 1

Date: 8/21/19 Page: 2Lasting Roman Achievements

Lawan

d G

ove

rnm

en

t

• EVERYONE is EQUAL under the law

•A PERSON is INNOCENT until proven GUILTY.

•JUDGES used to decide case fairly

•REPUBLICAN government, elect leaders as

REPRESENTATIVES and require citizen participation in

government.

Cu

ltural Im

pact

•LATIN alphabet & ROMANCE Languages

•LITERATURE

•ARCHTIECTURE such as ARCHES and DOMES

•CONCRETE

Ch

ristianity

•CHRISTIANITY began in the eastern Roman Empire

and was ADOPTED by Rome’s emperors in the A.D.

300s

•Roman ROAD system allowed CHRISTIANS to travel

safely and SPREAD ideas.

Date: 8/22/19 Page: 3

Why the Byzantine

Empire Thrived

Constantinople: The CapitalAdvanced Civilization

“the New Rome”

Location: on a PeninsulaEasy to Defend

Built a wall around the side not protected by water

Wealth: Byzantine Empire had $$ because of Trade between

Europe and Asia

Culture: Influenced by Romans, Greeks, Persians

Spread Christianity

Date: 8/23/19How did Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora strengthen the Byzantine Empire?

VIP’sJustinian: Emperor of Byzantine Empire• Military Leader• Greatest Emperor of

Byzantine Empire Theodora: Empress of Byzantine Empire• Born in a low class• Married to Justinian

Significant Events during Justinian’s Reign as Emperor 1. Legal Reforms: made a simpler and more organized code of laws2. Hagia Sophia: Religious Center of Byzantine Empire3. Education: schools for boys4. Military Conquests: Byzantine Calvary; Conquered territories that were part of “old

Rome.”5. Justinian’s Plague: killed millions of people (included soldiers—ended Justinian’s

military conquests)

Geography of Europe8/28/2019 Page: 4

Constantinople Rome

Important Vocabulary 8/29/2019 Page: 5

2 Christian churches

Western

• Roman Influence

• Pope is messenger of God

• Pope appoints Church officials

• Approves of Icons

Eastern

• Greek Influence

• Emperor is messenger of God

• Emperor appoints church officials

• Icons are destroyed—Believe they are sinful

• Have Church Officials

• Christian• Spread

Christianity

Both:

9/3/2019 Page: 6

The Spread of Christianity

1. Monastaries: religious communities that house monks.

2. Women called Nuns established their own religious communities called Convents.

3. Many monks became Missionaries, and they would teach their religion to those who are not followers.

4. What important role did Monks and Nuns play in Christian Europe? Helped the poor and ran hospitals and schools

5. Cyril and Methodius wanted to deliver Christianity to the Slavic people of Eastern Europe. Why did they create the Slavic alphabet? To make it more interesting

6. Looking at the picture on pg. 26, how can one tell that Cyril and Methodius were considered “holy?” Halos, Carring Corsses, Wearing Robes

7. A priests named Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland in the 400’s.

8. Like in many other places, Monasteries in England became centers of Religion and Culture.

9/4/2019 Page: 7

The Accomplishments of Charlemagne

I. King of the FranksA. Created an empire

1. Germany, France, Northern Spain, Most of ItalyB. Nicknamed: Charles the GreatC. Established Christianity as religion of his empire

II. Defended the PopeA. Pope Crowned Charlemagne Emperor of Holy Roman EmpireB. Relied on officials to help him govern

1. Beginnings of Feudalism

III. Increased EducationA. Established educational policy

1. Schools for children of government officials2. Education spread throughout the empire

9/5/2019 Page: 8

Important Vocabulary 9/9/2019 Page: 9

The Church and its Influence

Direction: When possible, answer in complete sentences.

Pgs. 45-47

1. What word is used to describe Christian areas of Europe during the Middle Ages? Christendom

2. Which important figure inspired Pope Gregory I? Patrick What was he inspired to do? Send Monks to act as missionaries

3. List 3 contributions Monks made to the world. Run schools and hospitals; teach carpentry and weaving; developing improvements in farming; scribes

4. The head of a monastery is called an Abbot; the head of a convent is called an Abbess.

5. As monasteries became wealthy, many abbots became active in politics, which caused disagreements between kings and the church.

6. What caused Henry IV to become angry with Pope Gregory VII in 1073? The Pope wanted to appoint Bishops—the Emperor thought only he had the power to do this—both thought they had all the power

7. Pope Gregory VII excommunicated Henry IV. What did that mean for Henry IV? Henry no longer had the rights of church membership and could not go to heaven; he was also no longer emperor

8. What did the Concordat of Worms allow kings and popes to do? Popes could appoint Bishops but the king could give them government posts

Page: 10

Important Vocabulary

Page: 11

1. Feudalism: System of service between a lord and the vassals who have sworn loyalty to the lord2. Vassal: Person under the protection of a lord to whom he has vowed loyalty; lower ranking noble3. Fief: property granted to a vassal 4. Knight: armed warriors who fought on horseback, serving a feudal superior 5. Chivalry: the system, spirit, or customs of medieval knighthood6. Manor: farming community that a noble lord or knight ran and peasants worked

Page: 12

William the Conqueror & The Battle of Hastings

V.I.P’s • Edward: King of England

• William: Duke of Normandy

• From France

• Nickname: William the Conqueror

• Harold Godwinson• Noble that tried to claim

the English throne

Significant Events1. King of England died without an heir

(son)

2. Harold Godwinson claimed the throne

3. William claimed a right to the throne—had the Pope’s support—Harold Godwinson is excommunicated

4. William and knight arrive in England—attack Harold

5. Harold is killed @ the Battle of Hastings

6. Christmas Day 1066: William is crowned King of England

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What Were the Crusades? Pg. 67

Who was Richard I?Pg. 68

Who was Saladin?Pg. 68

Who was Pope Urban II?Pg. 67

The 1st CrusadePg. 67

The 2nd CrusadePg. 68

The 3rd CrusadePg. 68

Effects of the CrusadesPg. 68

Holy Wars in the Middle Ages

The pope that urged Christian kings rom Europe to

send soldiers to help the Byzantine Empire fight against Muslim Turks.

King of England that fought in the Crusades and signed

a truce with Saladin allowing Christians access

to Holy areas.

Muslim general that led his troops against

Crusaders.

1096-1099European soldiers stormed

Jerusalem and set up Christian states in Muslim

controlled areas.

1147-1149Muslims led by Saladin

recaptured Jerusalem and defeated the Europeans.

1189-1192Muslims reclaimed all lands

conquered by European crusaders.

New Architecture; Better Map; The Compass; Trade;

Weakened Feudalism

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Sentence from the book: Joan was burned at the stake for heresy.

Your own sentence: Joan of Arc was found guilty of heresy and executed.

Definition: Religious belief that is different than what is accepted

Example or Drawing:

Heresy

Reconquista

Definition: Christian effort to take back the Iberian Peninsula from Muslims.

Sentence from the book: The Christians drove the Muslims out in a struggle called the Reconquista or “Reconquest.”

Your own sentence: During the Reconquista many Muslims were forced out of Spain.

Example or Drawing:

Page: 20

Joan ofArc

Henry V.

The Hundred

Years War• Became King England in 1413.• He made England one of the strongest countries

in Europe.• Because Henry V could read and write in English,

many legal documents were written in English. English eventually became the official language of the country.

• King Henry V and his army were victorious at Crecy because they had the longbow and the cannon.

• He died suddenly in 1422, and his 9 month old son became King (he was crowned in 1429).

• A teenager that was inspired by God to lead

an army against the English.

• She helped lead the French army to victory

at Orleans.

• She was captured by the English. They

accused her of being a witch; burned her at

the stake for heresy.

• She became a Catholic saint and national

hero.

• 1346-1453

• War between France and England

• King of France died without a son.

• King of England, Edward III, claims he is the

rightful King of France.

• Phillip VI claims he is the rightful King of

France.

• England and France fight for over 100 years.

• Warfare is changed due to introduction of

gunpowder.

Page: 21/22Foldable

The Reconquista

Form

ation

of

Spain

Jewish Persecution (Mistreatment)

Span

ish

In

qu

isit

ion

Page: 23

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Allah: GodShari’ah: Code of law for Muslims

Sunnah: collection of writing that contain teachings about Muhammad

Quran: Islam Holy book

The Five Pillars of Islam

Muslims must follow these pillars to show their submission to Allah

Muhammad: The founder of Islam

Page: 25

Muslim Contributions

Literature:

Nonreligious Literature

The Arabian Nights (Aladdin)

Medicine

Created the first medical schools and pharmacies

Mathematics & Science

Proved the moon affects ocean tides

Confirmed the Earth is round

Founders of Chemistry

Invented Algebra

Art & Architecture

Mosaics

Taj Mahal

Mosques

Geography

Created accurate maps

Used the Astrolabe to measure distance around the Earth

Page: 26

Page: 27

Sultan

Caliph

Seljuk Leader; “holder of power”

A Muslim Leader

Seljuk sultans ruled with the Abbasid caliphs.

The Sultan was a kind and fair leader.

Muslim leaders chose a new type of leader called the caliph or successor.

People from far away came to the city when they heard the caliph was going to give a speech.

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Savannah

Griot

Clan Animism

Tropical grasslands dotted with small trees and shrubs.

The Savannahs have high temperatures and uneven rains.

The climate of the Savannah allows for a variety of wild animals to thrive.

Story Tellers West African griots credit a great kind for Mali’s rise.

Thanks to the colorful stories of the griots that lived many years ago, the history of many west African tribes is known.

A group of people descended from the same ancestor.

Each district was composed of villages belonging to the chief’s clan.

The leader of that clan made peace with the neighboring village, so they could trade.

Belief that spirits or souls are found in all natural objects, such as trees, rivers, and mountains.

People who practice animism believe that spiritual beings can help or harm human interests.

Many indigenous people from Africa practiced Animism for centuries before the introduction of Islam and Christianity.

Page: 30

Trans Saharan Trade

Religion and Culture

Kingdoms

Governments

Ghana Mali Songhai

Gov’t had strong kings.1st trading empire in Africa.King used family members to help him run his gov’t.

Gov’t like Ghana, but with more trade, people, and land. General Muhammed Ture took control and created a kingdom in 1493.

Ghana Mali Songhai

Ruled by a king.Kingdom is inherited only by King’s nephew.

Military has the power.Mali is a large producer of gold.

It was a safe kingdom because of a strong navy and Calvary.

Religion Culture

Traditional: 1 God created the universe. God left the daily concerns of humans to Deities, Spirits, and Ancestors. Art: Rock Paining, Wood Carvings (masks, statues), Metal work

Islam: Introduced through trade. Aspects of traditional religion mixed with Islam. Islam in Africa is less strict than on the Arabian Peninsula (women/veil)

Music and dance: Connected to religion

Gold and Salt Slaves

Ghana: located between the Sahara salt and gold mines, therefore making it an important crossroads of trade. Began in ancient times.

Mali: had the gold most mines (richest). Contact with Muslim merchants, traders, and European’s caused the salve trade to expand out of Africa.

Salt: Preserved food and used for flavor; replaces what the body loses because of climate; created great wealth

Songhai gained control of West African trade by conquering Timbuktu.

Page: 31

Indigenous

Definition: Native to a particular region

The indigenous religions of West Africa often included aspects of animism.

The indigenous tribes of the Amazon Rainforest do not have access to electronics.

Deity

Definition: a god or goddess (polytheism); supreme creator (monotheism)

Indigenous religions often worship a variety of deities.

The ancient Greeks believed in many deities, making them polytheistic.

Page: 32

Salt, Gold, Slaves

Gold

Preserves food

Through trade routes

Desert, Savannah, Sahel, Tropical grassland, Tropical forest

SaharaMali; gold

Used his strong calvery and navy to keep peace.

Mali and Ghana

His sisters son (nephew)

Religion, language, and Education

Rock painting

Storytellers

Used to communicate with spirits; rituals

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Page: 35

China in the Middle Ages: Important Vocab. • Directions:

1. Fold strips in half.2. Write the term and

page number on front of strip.

3. Draw a picture or write a sentence using the term correctly on the left side of the inside flap.

4. Write the definition on the right side of the inside flap.

5. Glue strips onto pg. 36 in notebook.

China Vocabulary:• Neo Confucianism (pg. 139)-a new form of the ideas of the

philosopher Confucius; included Buddhist and Daoist beliefs.

• Calligraphy (pg. 147)-artistic handwriting

• Unify (pg. 150)-to bring together in one unit; to join; to make into one group.

• Steppes (pg. 150)flat, dry grassland

• Regime (pg. 153)-rulers during a given period of time

• Census (pg. 159)-a count of the number of people in a country

• Convert (162)-to accept a new belief; to bring from one belief to another

Page: 36

China in the Middle Ages: Important Vocab.

• Directions: 1. Fold strips in half.2. Write the term and

page number on front of strip.

3. Draw a picture or write a sentence using the term correctly on the left side of the inside flap.

4. Write the definition on the right side of the inside flap.

5. Glue strips onto pg. 36 in notebook.

China Vocabulary:• Dynasty: line of rulers of the same family that

ruled for several hundred years• Voyages: Journeys taken, especially by sea • Eurasia: landmass of Asia and Europe; Chiefly

used to refer to the two continents as one continent

• Isolationism: the policy of a group that limits contact with others as a way to stay safe

• Conquest: the act of conquering something or someone

• Reunification: to bring back together after a period of separation

• Confucianism: belief system based on the teachings o Confucius; emphasis love for humanity; values learning, peace, and justice; urges people to show devotion to family

Page: 37

China Rebuilds and Empire Sui Tang Song

Unified China under the rule of emperors.

Yangdi built the Grand Canal.

The Grand canal connected the Yellow

River and the Yangtze River. The canal

made it easier to ship rice and other

products between northern and southern

China and united China’s economy.

Buddhism grew and brought people

together. (Buddhism teaches the way to

find truth is to give up all desires for

material things.)

Strong central government.

Government officials were selected based on how well they

performed on Civil Service exams (no family connections)

Empress WU: Powerful female leader

Wealthy cities prospered; trade

Tang Dynasty fell because of threats from neighboring

areas (middle east) and unrest among the farmers in China.

Tang gov’t did not support Buddhism and destroyed

Buddhist monasteries and temples.

Ruled from 960-1279.

Created a strong centralized

government.

Many advancements made China

wealthy.

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Front of Foldable:

Inside of Foldable:

Page: 39

Nomads that traveled in Clans

Lived in Yerts: Tents

Skilled fighters and archers

Excellent horseback riders

Genghis Khan• Unified the Mongol Clans• Created a new legal code• Created a postal system• Created an army of 100,000+: most

skilled military of that time• Conquered people paid

taxes=Mongols become $$• Expanded his empire by using terror-

many surrendered without a fight (killed millions)

• Took control of the Silk Road

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