The Fall of NapoleonUnit 13PP 1

Napoleon on the offensive Austria, Russia Sweden and Great Britain

and Prussia will all oppose him– December 1805 Napoleon begins a string of

victories Battles of Austerlitz, Jena , Eylau, Friedland

– Prussians and Austrians surrender The Tsar and Napoleon sign the Treaty of Tilsit From 1807-1812 Napoleon is master of Europe only

Great Britain left to oppose him Napoleon attempts to destroy GB with an embargo

called the Continental System

The 3 levels of the Napoleonic Empire

By 1807 Napoleon viewed himself as the Emperor of Europe (3 parts)– France: Belgium, Holland, N. Italy, Germany

to the Rhine)– Dependant satellite Kingdoms: Family

members usually placed on the throne (Ex: Spain)

– Independent but allied nations: Austria, Prussia, and Russia. All of these countries had to support Napoleons policies

Napoleonic Empire

Napoleon’s campaigns

Napoleon’s impact on Europe In France and the satellites he brought

some of the reforms of the Revolution– Abolished serfdom and feudal dues– However, this came at a heavy price in taxes

and soldiers to support Napoleon and his army

– In France people began to grow weary of conscription and constant warfare

– The British began a blockade to counter the Continental system that hurt the economies of European nations

Revolts 1808 Spain: Roman Catholic Spanish begin to

revolt against the Rule of Joseph Bonaparte who became King in 1808– The people of Spain rose up when French troops

came to Spain to support Joseph and invade Portugal– Guerilla tactics (mutilated bodies)

1812 Russia: Tsar Alexander I refuses to enforce the Continental system– This will lead directly to the invasion of Russia in June

of 1812

The Russian campaign Napoleon invades Russia The Grand Army of

614,000 men (only 1/3rd French) Alexander orders General Kutuzov and his

160,000 men to retreat to Moscow and burn everything that could be of use to the invading army (“scorched earth”)– Stretched the French supply lines– Napoleon was forced to fight the Battle of Borodino

to a draw (30,000 Fr. 2x as many Russians dead) 70 miles outside Moscow (Sept 12th)

– Napoleon arrives in Moscow Sept 14th but the Russians had burned Moscow and Napoleon spent 5 weeks awaiting the Tsar’s surrender

The French retreat Napoleon had waited too long (mid

October) and the Russian Winter had begun– Only 93,000 men would escape Russia– Napoleon raced home ahead of his forces

to form another army of 85,000– He refused an offer of peace from Austria– His enemies form the Quadruple Alliance

(GB, Austria, Prussia, Russia)

The Battle of Leipzig (The Nations)

Napoleon waged a skillful campaign but was eventually defeated by alliance forces led by the Duke of Wellington in October of 1813– At the end of March 1814 alliance forces

marched into Paris– Napoleon abdicated and was forced into

exile on the island of Elba– The victors restored the Bourbons in the

person of Louis XVIII and created a constitutional monarchy

The 100 days

In February of 1815 Napoleon escaped from Elba island because the victors began to argue amongst themselves– March 1 1815 Napoleon landed in France

and was met by French forces– Eventually he is defeated again at the

Battle of Waterloo and exiled to St. Helena

– Louis XVIII is once again restored but the peace settlement from the allies is much more harsh